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Dufresne K, DiMaggio DA, Maduta CS, Brinsmade SR, McCormick JK. Discovery of an antivirulence compound that targets the Staphylococcus aureus SaeRS two-component system to inhibit toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 production. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107455. [PMID: 38852884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) is a rare but severe disorder associated with the use of menstrual products such as high-absorbency tampons and is caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) superantigen. Herein, we screened a library of 3920 small bioactive molecules for the ability to inhibit transcription of the TSST-1 gene without inhibiting the growth of S. aureus. The dominant positive regulator of TSST-1 is the SaeRS two-component system (TCS), and we identified phenazopyridine hydrochloride (PP-HCl) that repressed the production of TSST-1 by inhibiting the kinase function of SaeS. PP-HCl competed with ATP for binding of the kinase SaeS leading to decreased phosphorylation of SaeR and reduced expression of TSST-1 as well as several other secreted virulence factors known to be regulated by SaeRS. PP-HCl targets the virulence of S. aureus, and it also decreases the impact of TSST-1 on human lymphocytes without affecting the healthy vaginal microbiota. Our findings demonstrate the promising potential of PP-HCl as a therapeutic strategy against mTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dufresne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis A DiMaggio
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carla S Maduta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun R Brinsmade
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - John K McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Cao X, Lenk GM, Meisler MH. Altered phenotypes due to genetic interaction between the mouse phosphoinositide biosynthesis genes Fig4 and Pip4k2c. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad007. [PMID: 36691351 PMCID: PMC10411592 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of FIG4 are responsible for neurological disorders in human and mouse that result from reduced abundance of the signaling lipid PI(3,5)P2. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations of the phosphoinositide kinase PIP4K2C result in elevated abundance of PI(3,5)P2. These opposing effects on PI(3,5)P2 suggested that we might be able to compensate for deficiency of FIG4 by reducing expression of PIP4K2C. To test this hypothesis in a whole animal model, we generated triallelic mice with genotype Fig 4-/-, Pip4k2c+/-; these mice are null for Fig 4 and haploinsufficient for Pip4k2c. The neonatal lethality of Fig 4 null mice in the C57BL/6J strain background was rescued by reduced expression of Pip4k2c. The lysosome enlargement characteristic of Fig 4 null cells was also reduced by heterozygous loss of Pip4k2c. The data demonstrate interaction between these two genes, and suggest that inhibition of the kinase PIPK4C2 could be a target for treatment of FIG4 deficiency disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 4J and Yunis-Varón Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA
| | - Guy M Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA
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Luyts N, Daniluk J, Freitas ACN, Bazeli B, Janssens A, Mulier M, Everaerts W, Voets T. Inhibition of TRPM8 by the urinary tract analgesic drug phenazopyridine. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 942:175512. [PMID: 36657655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and purpose: Phenazopyridine (PAP) is an over-the-counter drug widely used to provide symptomatic relief of bladder pain in conditions such as cystitis or bladder pain syndrome (BPS). Whereas the analgesic effect of PAP has been attributed to a local effect on the mucosa of the lower urinary tract (LUT), the molecular targets of PAP remain unknown. We investigated the effect of PAP on pain-related Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels expressed in sensory neurons that innervate the bladder wall. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of PAP on the relevant TRP channels (TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPM8, TRPM3) expressed in HEK293 or CHO cells was investigated using Fura-2-based calcium measurements and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Activity of PAP on TRPM8 was further analysed using Fura-2-based calcium imaging on sensory neurons isolated from lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice. KEY RESULTS PAP rapidly and reversibly inhibits responses of TRPM8 expressed in HEK293 cells to cold and menthol, with IC50 values between 2 and 10 μM. It acts by shifting the voltage dependence of channel activation towards positive potentials, opposite to the effect of menthol. PAP also inhibits TRPM8-mediated, menthol-evoked calcium responses in lumbosacral DRG neurons. At a concentration of 10 μM, PAP did not significantly affect TRPA1, TRPV1, or TRPM3. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS PAP inhibits TRPM8 in a concentration range consistent with PAP levels in the urine of treated patients. Since TRPM8 is expressed in bladder afferent neurons and upregulated in patients with painful bladder disorders, TRPM8 inhibition may underlie the analgesic activity of PAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Luyts
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan Daniluk
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ana Cristina Nogueira Freitas
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bahar Bazeli
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Janssens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marie Mulier
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wouter Everaerts
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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