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Maduta CS, McCormick JK, Dufresne K. Vaginal community state types (CSTs) alter environmental cues and production of the Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0044723. [PMID: 38334326 PMCID: PMC10955855 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00447-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) is a rare but life-threatening disease associated with the use of high-absorbency tampons. The production of the Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) superantigen is involved in nearly all cases of mTSS and is tightly controlled by regulators responding to the environment. In the prototypic mTSS strain S. aureus MN8, the major repressor of TSST-1 is the carbon catabolite protein A (CcpA), which responds to glucose concentrations in the vaginal tract. Healthy vaginal Lactobacillus species also depend on glucose for both growth and acidification of the vaginal environment through lactic acid production. We hypothesized that interactions between the vaginal microbiota [herein referred to as community state types (CSTs)] and S. aureus MN8 depend on environmental cues and that these interactions subsequently affect TSST-1 production. Using S. aureus MN8 ΔccpA growing in various glucose concentrations, we demonstrate that the supernatants from different CSTs grown in vaginally defined medium (VDM) could significantly decrease tst expression. When co-culturing CST species with MN8 ∆ccpA, we show that Lactobacillus jensenii completely inhibits TSST-1 production in conditions mimicking healthy menstruation or mTSS. Finally, we show that growing S. aureus in "unhealthy" or "transitional" CST supernatants results in higher interleukin 2 (IL-2) production from T cells. These findings suggest that dysbiotic CSTs may encourage TSST-1 production in the vaginal tract and further indicate that the CSTs are likely important for the protection from mTSS.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we investigate the impact of the vaginal microbiota against Staphylococcus aureus in conditions mimicking the vaginal environment at various stages of the menstrual cycle. We demonstrate that Lactobacillus jensenii can inhibit toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) production, suggesting the potential for probiotic activity in treating and preventing menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS). On the other side of the spectrum, "unhealthy" or "transient" bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus iners support more TSST-1 production by S. aureus, suggesting that community state types are important in the development of mTSS. This study sets forward a model for examining contact-independent interactions between pathogenic bacteria and the vaginal microbiota. It also demonstrates the necessity of replicating the environment when studying one as dynamic as the vagina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Maduta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John K. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karine Dufresne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Maduta CS, Tuffs SW, McCormick JK, Dufresne K. Interplay between Staphylococcus aureus and the vaginal microbiota. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:228-230. [PMID: 38182522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a proficient colonizer and opportunistic pathogen which can lead to vaginal dysbiosis, aerobic vaginitis, or life-threatening menstrual toxic shock syndrome. Here we explore the complex but underappreciated interactions that S. aureus may impose on the vaginal environment leading to additional disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Maduta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W Tuffs
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John K McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karine Dufresne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Tuffs SW, Dufresne K, Rishi A, Walton NR, McCormick JK. Novel insights into the immune response to bacterial T cell superantigens. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-023-00979-2. [PMID: 38225276 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial T cell superantigens (SAgs) are a family of microbial exotoxins that function to activate large numbers of T cells simultaneously. SAgs activate T cells by direct binding and crosslinking of the lateral regions of MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells with T cell receptors (TCRs) on T cells; these interactions alter the normal TCR-peptide-MHC class II architecture to activate T cells in a manner that is independent of the antigen specificity of the TCR. SAgs have well-recognized, central roles in human diseases such as toxic shock syndrome and scarlet fever through their quantitative effects on the T cell response; in addition, numerous other consequences of SAg-driven T cell activation are now being recognized, including direct roles in the pathogenesis of endocarditis, bloodstream infections, skin disease and pharyngitis. In this Review, we summarize the expanding family of bacterial SAgs and how these toxins can engage highly diverse adaptive immune receptors. We highlight recent findings regarding how SAg-driven manipulation of the adaptive immune response may operate in multiple human diseases, as well as contributing to the biology and life cycle of SAg-producing bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Tuffs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karine Dufresne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aanchal Rishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas R Walton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John K McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Kuiack RC, Tuffs SW, Dufresne K, Flick R, McCormick JK, McGavin MJ. The fadXDEBA locus of Staphylococcus aureus is required for metabolism of exogenous palmitic acid and in vivo growth. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:425-438. [PMID: 37501506 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In Staphylococcus aureus, genes that should confer the capacity to metabolize fatty acids by β-oxidation occur in the fadXDEBA locus, but their function has not been elucidated. Previously, incorporation into phospholipid through the fatty acid kinase FakA pathway was thought to be the only option available for S. aureus to metabolize exogenous saturated fatty acids. We now find that in S. aureus USA300, a fadX::lux reporter was repressed by glucose and induced by palmitic acid but not stearic acid, while in USA300ΔfakA basal expression was significantly elevated, and enhanced in response to both fatty acids. When cultures were supplemented with palmitic acid, palmitoyl-CoA representing the first metabolite in the β-oxidation pathway was detected in USA300, but not in a fadXDEBA deletion mutant USA300Δfad, which relative to USA300 exhibited increased incorporation of palmitic acid into phospholipid accompanied by a rapid loss of viability. USA300Δfad also exhibited significantly reduced viability in a murine tissue abscess infection model. Our data are consistent with FakA-mediated incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipid as a preferred pathway for metabolism of exogenous fatty acids, while the fad locus is critical for metabolism of palmitic acid, which is the most abundant free fatty acid in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Kuiack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W Tuffs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karine Dufresne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Flick
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John K McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J McGavin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Mouchet-Mages S, Alezrah C, Allag-Morris S, Blachère P, Bouvier JC, Chollier M, Colson MH, Cordier B, Da Costa J, De Fréminville H, Delarue JM, Dufresne K, Dusacq E, Frémy D, Giron O, Goetz F, Henry O, Le Bodic C, Lemitre S, Letto N, Maquigneau A, Miele C, Moncany AH, Plancade O, Sadowski I, Truffaut J, Lacambre M. [Towards better management for sexual offenders: Presentation and conclusions of a public hearing concerning prevention, assessment, and care]. Encephale 2021; 47:495-498. [PMID: 33422285 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In France, since the law of June 17, 1998, sexual offenders may be convicted to ambulatory mandatory care, articulated with the justice. Twenty years after the implementation of this law, while social and technological developments have redefined certain aspects of delinquency, reference documents and practice guidelines remain to be updated. This is why the professionals of the main structures and associations dealing with perpetrators of sexual violence organized a public hearing under the sponsorship of the French Federation of Resource Centers for Sexual Violence Perpetrators (FFCRIAVS) according to the methodology and with the accompaniment of the High Authority of Health. This article presents the global methodology of the public hearing "Sexual Offenders: Prevention, Evaluation and Care" which was conducted on June 14 and 15, 2018. Thirty-three experts replied to27 questions and presented their conclusions to an Audition Committee and an audience of 200 persons representative of the civil and professional society. After a public debate, the hearing committee prepared a report in which they proposed propositions in order to better care for sexual offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mouchet-Mages
- CRIAVS Rhône-Alpes, centre hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95, boulevard Pinel, 69678 Lyon, France.
| | - C Alezrah
- CREI-ORS Occitanie, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | | | - P Blachère
- Groupe de travail médico-légal de l'AIUS, Marseille, France.
| | - J-C Bouvier
- Application des peines du TGI de Paris, 75000 Paris, France.
| | - M Chollier
- CRIR-AVS PACA, département études interdisciplinaires, Manchester Metropolitan University, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille , France.
| | - M-H Colson
- CISIH, hôpital de Sainte Marguerite de Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - B Cordier
- Hôpital Foch de Suresnes, 92150 Suresnes, France.
| | - J Da Costa
- UFR médecine Toulouse-Purpan, université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | | | - J-M Delarue
- Lieux de privation de liberté (2008-2014), Paris, France.
| | - K Dufresne
- Service Pénitentiaire d'Insertion et de Probation (SPIP) du Pas-de-Calais, 62041 Arras, France.
| | - E Dusacq
- Unité sanitaire maison d'arrêt Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone, CRIAVS-LR, CHU de Montpellier, 34750 Montpellier, France.
| | - D Frémy
- Unité du psychotraumatisme (centre hospitalier Novillars), CRIAVS mineurs de Franche-Comté, Paris, France.
| | - O Giron
- SMPR, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - F Goetz
- Délégation générale à l'administration pénitentiaire et à la réinsertion du royaume du Maroc en qualité de conseiller résident de jumelage pour l'Union européenne, Paris, France.
| | - O Henry
- UFR médecine Toulouse - Purpan, université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - C Le Bodic
- EPSM Morbihan, pôle Saint Avé-Ploërmel, 56890 Saint-Avé, France.
| | - S Lemitre
- Centre de soin des traumatismes et violences, Paris, France.
| | - N Letto
- CRIAVS Île-de-France, 75000 Paris, France.
| | - A Maquigneau
- CRIR-AVS PACA, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - C Miele
- CRIAVS Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - A-H Moncany
- CRIAVS Midi-Pyrénées, centre hospitalier Marchant, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - O Plancade
- CRIAVS Rhône-Alpes délégation de Lyon, SMDPL, centre hospitalier Le Vinatier, 69678 Bron, France.
| | - I Sadowski
- Coordination de l'aide aux victimes, Victimes, Paris, France.
| | - J Truffaut
- Université Paris Descartes, trésorière adjointe de l'ARTAAS, Paris, France.
| | - M Lacambre
- Fédération française des centres ressources pour les intervenants auprès d'auteurs de violences sexuelles (FFCRIAVS), Paris, France.
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Abstract
The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi genome contains 14 putative fimbrial systems. The Std fimbriae belong to the chaperone-usher family and its regulation has not been investigated in S. Typhi. Several regulators of Std were previously identified in the closely related serovar Typhimurium. We hypothesize that regulators of S. Typhimurium may be shared with S. Typhi, but that several other regulators remain to be discovered. Here, we describe the role of more than 50 different candidate regulators on std expression. Three types of regulators were investigated: known regulators in S. Typhimurium, in silico predicted regulators and virulence/metabolic regulators. Expression of std was determined in the regulator mutants and compared with the wild-type strain. Overall, 21 regulator mutations affect std promoter expression. The role of Crp, a newly identified factor for std expression, was further investigated. Crp acted as an activator of std expression on a distal region of the std promoter region. Together, our results demonstrate the major influence of Crp as a novel transcriptional factor on std promoter expression and later production of Std fimbriae in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dufresne
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal (QC), H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - France Daigle
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal (QC), H3T 1J4, Canada
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Murret-Labarthe C, Kerhoas M, Dufresne K, Daigle F. New Roles for Two-Component System Response Regulators of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi during Host Cell Interactions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050722. [PMID: 32413972 PMCID: PMC7285189 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to survive external stresses, bacteria need to adapt quickly to changes in their environment. One adaptive mechanism is to coordinate and alter their gene expression by using two-component systems (TCS). TCS are composed of a sensor kinase that activates a transcriptional response regulator by phosphorylation. TCS are involved in motility, virulence, nutrient acquisition, and envelope stress in many bacteria. The pathogenic bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) possess 30 TCSs, is specific to humans, and causes typhoid fever. Here, we have individually deleted each of the 30 response regulators. We have determined their role during interaction with host cells (epithelial cells and macrophages). Deletion of most of the systems (24 out of 30) resulted in a significant change during infection. We have identified 32 new phenotypes associated with TCS of S. Typhi. Some previously known phenotypes associated with TCSs in Salmonella were also confirmed. We have also uncovered phenotypic divergence between Salmonella serovars, as distinct phenotypes between S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium were identified for cpxR. This finding highlights the importance of specifically studying S. Typhi to understand its pathogenesis mechanisms and to develop strategies to potentially reduce typhoid infections.
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Dufresne K, Saulnier-Bellemare J, Daigle F. Functional Analysis of the Chaperone-Usher Fimbrial Gene Clusters of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:26. [PMID: 29473020 PMCID: PMC5809473 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human-specific pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes typhoid, a major public health issue in developing countries. Several aspects of its pathogenesis are still poorly understood. S. Typhi possesses 14 fimbrial gene clusters including 12 chaperone-usher fimbriae (stg, sth, bcf, fim, saf, sef, sta, stb, stc, std, ste, and tcf). These fimbriae are weakly expressed in laboratory conditions and only a few are actually characterized. In this study, expression of all S. Typhi chaperone-usher fimbriae and their potential roles in pathogenesis such as interaction with host cells, motility, or biofilm formation were assessed. All S. Typhi fimbriae were better expressed in minimal broth. Each system was overexpressed and only the fimbrial gene clusters without pseudogenes demonstrated a putative major subunits of about 17 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Six of these (Fim, Saf, Sta, Stb, Std, and Tcf) also show extracellular structure by electron microscopy. The impact of fimbrial deletion in a wild-type strain or addition of each individual fimbrial system to an S. Typhi afimbrial strain were tested for interactions with host cells, biofilm formation and motility. Several fimbriae modified bacterial interactions with human cells (THP-1 and INT-407) and biofilm formation. However, only Fim fimbriae had a deleterious effect on motility when overexpressed. Overall, chaperone-usher fimbriae seem to be an important part of the balance between the different steps (motility, adhesion, host invasion and persistence) of S. Typhi pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dufresne
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Saulnier-Bellemare
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - France Daigle
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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9
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Dupuis-Roy N, Fiset D, Dufresne K, Gosselin F. Frequency coding of facial parts. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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10
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Dufresne K, Caplette L, English V, Fortin M, Talbot M, Fiset D, Gosselin F, Dupuis-Roy N. The time course of chromatic and achromatic information extraction in a face-gender discrimination task. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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11
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Deblois CP, Dufresne K, Juneau P. Response to variable light intensity in photoacclimated algae and cyanobacteria exposed to atrazine. Aquat Toxicol 2013; 126:77-84. [PMID: 23149118 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is frequently detected in freshwater ecosystems exposed to agricultural waste waters and runoffs worldwide and it can affect non-target organisms (mainly photoautotrophic) and modify community structure. Meanwhile, light environment is known to vary between aquatic ecosystems, but also before and during the exposure to atrazine and these variations may modify the sensitivity to atrazine of photoautotroph organisms. In this study, 10 species of phytoplankton (chlorophytes, baccilariophytes and cyanophytes) acclimated to low or high light intensities were exposed to atrazine and light of different intensities to compare their combined effect. Our data showed that chlorophytes and baccilariophytes were more resistant to atrazine compared to cyanophytes for all light conditions. Atrazine was found to inhibit Φ'(M), Ψ(0), P(M) and non-photochemical quenching for all species indicating an effect on electron transport, primary production and photoregulation processes. These data also indicate a higher sensitivity of Ψ(0) (average Ψ(0)-EC(50) of 91 ± 11 nM or 19.6 ± 0.9 μgL(-1)) compared to Φ'(M) (average Φ'(M)-EC(50) of 217 ± 19 nM or 46.8 ± 4.1 μgL(-1)) and suggest that photoregulation processes activated in presence of light decrease the effect of atrazine. We also showed that increasing light intensity decreased Φ'(M)-EC(50) in both low (except baccilariophytes) and high light acclimated conditions. Despite this similarity, most species acclimated to high light were found to have higher or similar Φ'(M)-EC(50) compared to low light acclimated cells and thus, were less sensitive to atrazine in low light and high light environments. We concluded that an increase in the plastoquinone pool induced by acclimation to high light decreased the sensitivity to atrazine in phytoplankton and we hypothesized that the effect observed was the result of a dilution of atrazine toxicity through increased binding site availability (quinones) combined with increased photoregulation processes capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Deblois
- Department of Biological Sciences-TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Canada
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12
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Dupuis-Roy N, Dufresne K, Couet-Garand A, Fiset D, Gosselin F. Low sensitivities but surprisingly high efficiencies for face-gender discrimination from interattribute distances. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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