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Pensabene KM, LaMorte J, Allender AE, Wehr J, Kaur P, Savage M, Eggler AL. Acute Oxidative Stress Can Paradoxically Suppress Human NRF2 Protein Synthesis by Inhibiting Global Protein Translation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1735. [PMID: 37760038 PMCID: PMC10525356 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The NRF2 transcription factor is a master regulator of the cellular oxidant/electrophile response and a drug target for the prevention/treatment of chronic diseases. A major mechanism of NRF2 activation is its escape from rapid degradation, and newly synthesized NRF2 induces cytoprotective protein expression through its cognate antioxidant response elements (AREs). However, oxidative stress can also inhibit global protein translation, thereby potentially inhibiting NRF2 protein accumulation. H2O2 has been shown to be a relatively weak inducer of NRF2 in comparison with electrophiles. In the current study, we evaluated whether levels of H2O2 that activate the NRF2/ARE pathway inhibit NRF2 protein synthesis in HaCaT keratinocytes. A weak maximum induction was observed for H2O2 in comparison with electrophiles, both for NRF2 protein accumulation and ARE reporter activation (~10-fold compared to ≥100-fold activation). At similar H2O2 concentrations, both NRF2 protein synthesis and global protein synthesis were inhibited. The manganese porphyrin antioxidant MnTMPyP rescued both global protein synthesis and NRF2 protein synthesis from H2O2 inhibition and increased ARE reporter activation. Similar results were observed for the diphenol di-tert-butylhydroquinone (dtBHQ). In conclusion, induction of the NRF2/ARE pathway by H2O2 and dtBHQ-derived oxidative species can be limited by inhibition of NRF2 protein synthesis, likely by arrest of global protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aimee L. Eggler
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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Beam JE, Maiocchi S, Cartaya A, Rowe SE, Bahnson ESM, Conlon BP. The Use of Acute Immunosuppressive Therapy to Improve Antibiotic Efficacy against Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0085822. [PMID: 35575507 PMCID: PMC9241675 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00858-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and the host immune system can have significant impacts on antibiotic efficacy, suggesting that targeting and modulating the immune response to S. aureus infection may improve antibiotic efficacy and improve infection outcome. As we've previously shown, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), associated with an M1-like proinflammatory macrophage response, potently induce antibiotic tolerance in S. aureus. Although the proinflammatory immune response is critical for initial control of pathogen burden, recent studies demonstrate that modulation of the macrophage response to an anti-inflammatory, or M2-like, response facilitates resolution of established S. aureus skin and soft tissue infections, arthritis, and bacteremia. Here, we evaluated the impact of host-directed immunosuppressive chemotherapeutics and anti-inflammatory agents on antibiotic efficacy against S. aureus. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections in the United States with high rates of antibiotic treatment failure. Macrophages represent an important intracellular niche in experimental models of S. aureus bacteremia. Although a proinflammatory macrophage response is critical for controlling infection, previous studies have identified an antagonistic relationship between antibiotic treatment and the proinflammatory macrophage response. Reactive oxygen species, produced by macrophages during respiratory burst, coerce S. aureus into an antibiotic tolerant state, leading to poor treatment outcome. Here, we aimed to determine the potential of host-directed immunomodulators that reduce the production of reactive oxygen species to improve antibiotic efficacy against intracellular S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E. Beam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophie Maiocchi
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ana Cartaya
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah E. Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward S. M. Bahnson
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian P. Conlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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