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Reboussin É, Bastelica P, Benmessabih I, Cordovilla A, Delarasse C, Réaux-Le Goazigo A, Brignole-Baudouin F, Olmière C, Baudouin C, Buffault J, Mélik Parsadaniantz S. Evaluation of Rho kinase inhibitor effects on neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in an ex-vivo retinal explant model. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:150. [PMID: 39300576 PMCID: PMC11412021 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, affecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. By 2040, it is likely to affect 110 million people. Neuroinflammation, specifically through the release of proinflammatory cytokines by M1 microglial cells, plays a crucial role in glaucoma progression. Indeed, in post-mortem human studies, pre-clinical models, and ex-vivo models, RGC degeneration has been consistently shown to be linked to inflammation in response to cell death and tissue damage. Recently, Rho kinase inhibitors (ROCKis) have emerged as potential therapies for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of three ROCKis (Y-27632, Y-33075, and H-1152) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and retinal neuroinflammation using an ex-vivo retinal explant model. METHODS Rat retinal explants underwent optic nerve axotomy and were treated with Y-27632, Y-33075, or H-1152. The neuroprotective effects on RGCs were evaluated using immunofluorescence and Brn3a-specific markers. Reactive glia and microglial activation were studied by GFAP, CD68, and Iba1 staining. Flow cytometry was used to quantify day ex-vivo 4 (DEV 4) microglial proliferation and M1 activation by measuring the number of CD11b+, CD68+, and CD11b+/CD68+ cells after treatment with control solvent or Y-33075. The modulation of gene expression was measured by RNA-seq analysis on control and Y-33075-treated explants and glial and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was validated by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Y-27632 and H-1152 did not significantly protect RGCs. By contrast, at DEV 4, 50 µM Y-33075 significantly increased RGC survival. Immunohistology showed a reduced number of Iba1+/CD68+ cells and limited astrogliosis with Y-33075 treatment. Flow cytometry confirmed lower CD11b+, CD68+, and CD11b+/CD68+ cell numbers in the Y-33075 group. RNA-seq showed Y-33075 inhibited the expression of M1 microglial markers (Tnfα, Il-1β, Nos2) and glial markers (Gfap, Itgam, Cd68) and to reduce apoptosis, ferroptosis, inflammasome formation, complement activation, TLR pathway activation, and P2rx7 and Gpr84 gene expression. Conversely, Y-33075 upregulated RGC-specific markers, neurofilament formation, and neurotransmitter regulator expression, consistent with its neuroprotective effects. CONCLUSION Y-33075 demonstrates marked neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, surpassing the other tested ROCKis (Y-27632 and H-1152) in preventing RGC death and reducing microglial inflammatory responses. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic option for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élodie Reboussin
- INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Sorbonne Université UM80, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Paul Bastelica
- INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Sorbonne Université UM80, 75012, Paris, France
- INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 75012, Paris, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris, University Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Ilyes Benmessabih
- INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Sorbonne Université UM80, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Cordovilla
- INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Sorbonne Université UM80, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Delarasse
- INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Sorbonne Université UM80, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo
- INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Sorbonne Université UM80, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Sorbonne Université UM80, 75012, Paris, France
- Laboratoire, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 75012, Paris, France
- INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 75012, Paris, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris, University Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Baudouin
- INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Sorbonne Université UM80, 75012, Paris, France
- INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 75012, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU FOReSIGHT, 75012, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, UVSQ, Paris Saclay University, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juliette Buffault
- INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Sorbonne Université UM80, 75012, Paris, France
- INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 75012, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU FOReSIGHT, 75012, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, UVSQ, Paris Saclay University, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Mélik Parsadaniantz
- INSERM UMR 968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Sorbonne Université UM80, 75012, Paris, France.
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Erb C, Erb C, Kazakov A, Kapanova G, Weisser B. Lifestyle Changes in Aging and their Potential Impact on POAG. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024. [PMID: 39191386 DOI: 10.1055/a-2372-3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma is a primary mitochondrial disease with oxidative stress triggering neuroinflammation, eventually resulting in neurodegeneration. This affects many other areas of the brain in addition to the visual system. Aging also leads to inflammaging - a low-grade chronic inflammatory reaction in mitochondrial dysfunction, so these inflammatory processes overlap in the aging process and intensify pathophysiological processes associated with glaucoma. Actively counteracting these inflammatory events involves optimising treatment for any manifest systemic diseases while maintaining chronobiology and improving the microbiome. Physical and mental activity also provides support. This requires a holistic approach towards optimising neurodegeneration treatment in primary open angle glaucoma in addition to reducing intraocular pressure according personalised patient targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Erb
- Augenklinik am Wittenbergplatz, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Avaz Kazakov
- External Relations and Development, Salymbekov University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Gulnara Kapanova
- Medical Faculty of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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3
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Kaur S, K M, Sharma A, Giridharan VV, Dandekar MP. Brain resident microglia in Alzheimer's disease: foe or friends. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01550-8. [PMID: 39167311 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear due to its multifactorial nature. Although a wide range of studies revealed several pathomechanisms of AD, dementia is yet unmanageable with current pharmacotherapies. The recent growing literature illustrates the role of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD. Indeed, microglia serve as predominant sentinels of the brain, which diligently monitor the neuroimmune axis by phagocytosis and releasing soluble factors. In the case of AD, microglial cells are involved in synaptic pruning and remodeling by producing inflammatory mediators. The conditional inter-transformation of classical activation (proinflammatory) or alternative activation (anti-inflammatory) microglia is responsible for most brain disorders. In this review, we discussed the role of microglia in neuroinflammatory processes in AD following the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau proteins. We also described the prominent phenotypes of microglia, such as disease-associated microglia (DAM), dark microglia, interferon-responsive microglia (IRMs), human AD microglia (HAMs), and microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD), which are closely associated with AD incidence. Considering the key role of microglia in AD progression, microglial-based therapeutics may hold promise in mitigating cognitive deficits by addressing the neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjit Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Malleshwari K
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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Langbøl M, Saruhanian A, Saruhanian S, Tiedemann D, Baskaran T, Vohra R, Rives AS, Moreira J, Prokosch V, Liu H, Lackmann JW, Müller S, Nielsen CH, Kolko M, Rovelt J. Proteomic and Cytokine Profiling in Plasma from Patients with Normal-Tension Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:59. [PMID: 39150567 PMCID: PMC11329415 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is subdivided depending on eye pressure. Patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) have never had high intraocular pressure (IOP) measured while patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) have high eye pressure but no signs of glaucoma. Although IOP is considered to be a risk factor for all glaucoma patients, it is reasonable to assume that other risk factors such as inflammation play a role. We aimed to characterize the proteome and cytokine profile during hypoxia in plasma from patients with NTG (n = 10), OHT (n = 10), and controls (n = 10). Participants were exposed to hypoxia for two hours, followed by 30 min of normoxia. Samples were taken before ("baseline"), during ("hypoxia"), and after hypoxia ("recovery"). Proteomics based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed. Cytokines were measured by Luminex assays. Bioinformatic analyses indicated the involvement of complement and coagulation cascades in NTG and OHT. Regulation of high-density lipoprotein 3 (HDL3) apolipoproteins suggested that changes in cholesterol metabolism are related to OHT. Hypoxia decreased the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in OHT patients compared to controls. Circulating levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were decreased in NTG patients compared to controls during hypoxia. After recovery, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) was upregulated in patients with NTG and OHT. Current results indicate an enhanced systemic immune response in patients with NTG and OHT, which correlates with pathogenic events in glaucoma. Apolipoproteins may have anti-inflammatory effects, enabling OHT patients to withstand inflammation and development of glaucoma despite high IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Langbøl
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Arevak Saruhanian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarkis Saruhanian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tiedemann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thisayini Baskaran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Amalie Santaolalla Rives
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - José Moreira
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- CECAD/CMMC Proteomics Facility, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- CECAD/CMMC Proteomics Facility, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jens Rovelt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Millington-Ward S, Palfi A, Shortall C, Finnegan LK, Bargroff E, Post IJM, Maguire J, Irnaten M, O′Brien C, Kenna PF, Chadderton N, Farrar GJ. AAV-NDI1 Therapy Provides Significant Benefit to Murine and Cellular Models of Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8876. [PMID: 39201561 PMCID: PMC11354491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, is a multifactorial condition that leads to progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and vision. Therapeutic interventions based on reducing ocular hypertension are not always successful. Emerging features of glaucoma include mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. In the current study, NDI1-based gene therapy, which improves mitochondrial function and reduces reactive oxygen species, was delivered intraocularly via an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV). This AAV-NDI1 therapy protected RGCs from cell death in treated (1552.4 ± 994.0 RGCs/mm2) versus control eyes (1184.4 ± 978.4 RGCs/mm2, p < 0.05) in aged DBA/2J mice, a murine model of glaucoma. The photonegative responses (PhNRs) of RGCs were also improved in treated (6.4 ± 3.3 µV) versus control eyes (5.0 ± 3.1 µV, p < 0.05) in these mice. AAV-NDI1 also provided benefits in glaucomatous human lamina cribrosa (LC) cells by significantly increasing basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates and ATP production in these cells. Similarly, NDI1 therapy significantly protected H2O2-insulted primary porcine LC cells from oxidative stress. This study highlights the potential utility of NDI1 therapies and the benefits of improving mitochondrial function in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Millington-Ward
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (A.P.); (C.S.); (L.K.F.); (E.B.); (I.J.M.P.); (P.F.K.); (G.J.F.)
| | - Arpad Palfi
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (A.P.); (C.S.); (L.K.F.); (E.B.); (I.J.M.P.); (P.F.K.); (G.J.F.)
| | - Ciara Shortall
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (A.P.); (C.S.); (L.K.F.); (E.B.); (I.J.M.P.); (P.F.K.); (G.J.F.)
| | - Laura K. Finnegan
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (A.P.); (C.S.); (L.K.F.); (E.B.); (I.J.M.P.); (P.F.K.); (G.J.F.)
| | - Ethan Bargroff
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (A.P.); (C.S.); (L.K.F.); (E.B.); (I.J.M.P.); (P.F.K.); (G.J.F.)
| | - Iris J. M. Post
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (A.P.); (C.S.); (L.K.F.); (E.B.); (I.J.M.P.); (P.F.K.); (G.J.F.)
| | - John Maguire
- The Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin 2, D02XK51 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, D07K201 Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
| | - Colm O′Brien
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, D07K201 Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
| | - Paul F. Kenna
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (A.P.); (C.S.); (L.K.F.); (E.B.); (I.J.M.P.); (P.F.K.); (G.J.F.)
- The Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin 2, D02XK51 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Naomi Chadderton
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (A.P.); (C.S.); (L.K.F.); (E.B.); (I.J.M.P.); (P.F.K.); (G.J.F.)
| | - G. Jane Farrar
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (A.P.); (C.S.); (L.K.F.); (E.B.); (I.J.M.P.); (P.F.K.); (G.J.F.)
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Zhang Q, Gu L, Xu Y. Analysis of the relationship between VEGF, NLRP3 inflammatory complex, EPO levels, and ocular hemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:331. [PMID: 39118112 PMCID: PMC11308441 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory complex, erythropoietin (EPO) levels, and ocular hemodynamics in patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS This is a prospective observational study. Patients diagnosed with POAG at The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan hospital between November 2022 and February 2023were enrolled.The patients were categorized into three groups based on the average visual field defect (mean deviation, MD) value: severe injury group (MD > 12 dB, 93 cases), moderate injury group (7 ≤ MD ≤ 12 dB, 89 cases), and mild injury group (MD < 7 dB, 85 cases). The levels of VEGF, NLRP3 inflammatory complex, EPO, and ocular hemodynamics were compared among the groups. Furthermore, the relationship between VEGF, NLRP3, EPO levels, and ocular hemodynamics in patients with POAG was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age and gender, multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed with the ocular hemodynamics indexes being used as dependent variables, and VEGF, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and EPO being used as independent variables. RESULTS A total of267 patients with POAG were enrolled. There were no significant differences in sex, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, and blood glucose between the two groups (P > 0.05). The levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and EPO in the severe and moderate injury groups were higher than those in the mild injury group, whereas the VEGF levels were lower in the severe and moderate groups compared to the mild group, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). The severe group exhibited higher levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and EPO than the moderate group, while the VEGF levels were lower in the severe group compared to the moderate group, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). The peak systolic velocity(PSV) and resistance index (RI) were higher in the severe and moderate groups than in the mild group, whereas the EDV was significantly lower in the severe and moderate groups compared to the mild group (P < 0.05). The severe group exhibited higher PSV and RI values compared to the moderate group, while the EDV was lower in the severe group compared to the moderate group, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between VEGF, NLRP3, EPO levels, and ocular hemodynamics in patients with POAG. VEGF, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and EPO showed positive correlations with PSV and RI, and negative correlations with EDV in patients with POAG. Regression analysis showed that VEGF, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and EPO were significantly correlated with ocular hemodynamics in POAG (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the levels of VEGF, NLRP3 inflammatory complex, and EPO were highly associated with ocular hemodynamics in patients diagnosed with POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of JianghanUniversity, No. 168 Hong Kong Road, Jang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Liying Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of JianghanUniversity, No. 168 Hong Kong Road, Jang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of JianghanUniversity, No. 168 Hong Kong Road, Jang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China.
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7
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Cai P, Li W, Xu Y, Wang H. Drp1 and neuroinflammation: Deciphering the interplay between mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106561. [PMID: 38857809 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are closely intertwined with the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Recent studies have elucidated profound alterations in mitochondrial dynamics across a spectrum of neurological disorders. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) emerges as a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial fission, with its dysregulation disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis and fueling neuroinflammation, thereby exacerbating disease severity. In addition to its role in mitochondrial dynamics, DRP1 plays a crucial role in modulating inflammation-related pathways. This review synthesizes important functions of DRP1 in the central nervous system (CNS) and the impact of epigenetic modification on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The intricate interplay between neuroinflammation and DRP1 in microglia and astrocytes, central contributors to neuroinflammation, is expounded upon. Furthermore, the use of DRP1 inhibitors to influence the activation of microglia and astrocytes, as well as their involvement in processes such as mitophagy, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and calcium ion transport in CNS-mediated neuroinflammation, is scrutinized. The modulation of microglia to astrocyte crosstalk by DRP1 and its role in inflammatory neurodegeneration is also highlighted. Overall, targeting DRP1 presents a promising avenue for ameliorating neuroinflammation and enhancing the therapeutic management of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wuhao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ye Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China..
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8
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Liang Y, Li Y, Jiao Q, Wei M, Wang Y, Cui A, Li Z, Li G. Axonal mitophagy in retinal ganglion cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:382. [PMID: 39075570 PMCID: PMC11285280 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons, exhibiting unique polarized structures, rely primarily on the mitochondrial production of ATP to maintain their hypermetabolic energy requirements. To maintain a normal energy supply, mitochondria are transported to the distal end of the axon. When mitochondria within the axon are critically damaged beyond their compensatory capacity, they are cleared via autophagosomal phagocytosis, and the degradation products are recycled to replenish energy. When the mitochondria are dysfunctional or their transport processes are blocked, axons become susceptible to degeneration triggered by energy depletion, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases. As the final checkpoint for mitochondrial quality control, axonal mitophagy is vital for neuronal growth, development, injury, and regeneration. Furthermore, abnormal axonal mitophagy is crucial in the pathogenesis of optic nerve-related diseases such as glaucoma. We review recent studies on axonal mitophagy and summarize the progress of research on axonal mitophagy in optic nerve-related diseases to provide insights into diseases associated with axonal damage in optic ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Muyang Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Aoteng Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
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9
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Gao JM, Xia SY, Hide G, Li BH, Liu YY, Wei ZY, Zhuang XJ, Yan Q, Wang Y, Yang W, Chen JH, Rao JH. Multiomics of parkinsonism cynomolgus monkeys highlights significance of metabolites in interaction between host and microbiota. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:61. [PMID: 39060267 PMCID: PMC11282307 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, conflicting findings regarding specific microbial species have been reported, possibly due to confounding factors within human populations. Herein, our current study investigated the interaction between the gut microbiota and host in a non-human primate (NHP) PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) using a multi-omic approach and a self-controlled design. Our transcriptomic sequencing of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) identified key genes involved in pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation, mitochondrial function regulation, neuroprotection activation, and neurogenesis associated with PD, such as IL1B, ATP1A3, and SLC5A3. The metabolomic profiles in serum and feces consistently exhibited significant alterations, particularly those closely associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in PD, such as TUDCA, ethylmalonic acid, and L-homophenylalanine. Furthermore, fecal metagenome analysis revealed gut dysbiosis associated with PD, characterized by a significant decrease in alpha diversity and altered commensals, particularly species such as Streptococcus, Butyrivibrio, and Clostridium. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between PD-associated microbes and metabolites, such as sphingomyelin and phospholipids. Importantly, PDPC significantly reduced in both PD monkey feces and serum, exhibiting strong correlation with PD-associated genes and microbes, such as SLC5A3 and Butyrivibrio species. Moreover, such multi-omic differential biomarkers were linked to the clinical rating scales of PD monkeys. Our findings provided novel insights into understanding the potential role of key metabolites in the host-microbiota interaction involved in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Mei Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shou-Yue Xia
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Geoff Hide
- Biomedical Research Centre and Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Bi-Hai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Yan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wei
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ji Zhuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Guangzhou Bay Area Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun-Hua Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Adeghate JO, Epperly MW, Davoli KA, Lathrop KL, Wipf P, Hou W, Fisher R, Thermozier S, Huq MS, Sahel JA, Greenberger JS, Eller AW. JP4-039, a Mitochondria-Targeted Nitroxide, Mitigates the Effect of Apoptosis and Inflammatory Cell Migration in the Irradiated Mouse Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6515. [PMID: 38928220 PMCID: PMC11203929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that the injection of JP4-039, a mitochondria-targeted nitroxide, prior to irradiation of the mouse retina may decrease apoptosis and reduce neutrophil and macrophage migration into the retina. In our study, we aimed to examine the effects of JP4-039 in the mouse retina using fluorescent microscopy, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and flow cytometry. Forty-five mice and one eye per mouse were used. In Group 1, fluorescent microscopy was used to determine retinal uptake of 10 µL (0.004 mg/µL) of intravitreally injected BODIPY-labeled JP4-039 at 0, 15, and 60 min after injection. In Group 2, the TUNEL assay was performed to investigate the rate of apoptosis after irradiation in addition to JP4-039 injection, compared to controls. In Group 3, flow cytometry was used to determine the extent of inflammatory cell migration into the retina after irradiation in addition to JP4-039 injection, compared to controls. Maximal retinal uptake of JP4-039 was 15 min after intravitreal injection (p < 0.0001). JP4-039-treated eyes had lower levels of retinal apoptosis (35.8 ± 2.5%) than irradiated controls (49.0 ± 2.7%; p = 0.0066) and demonstrated reduced migration of N1 cells (30.7 ± 11.7% vs. 77.7 ± 5.3% controls; p = 0.004) and M1 cells (76.6 ± 4.2 vs. 88.1 ± 3.7% controls, p = 0.04). Pretreatment with intravitreally injected JP4-039 reduced apoptosis and inflammatory cell migration in the irradiated mouse retina, marking the first confirmed effect of this molecule in retinal tissue. Further studies may allow for safety profiling and potential use for patients with radiation retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O. Adeghate
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Vision Institute, UPMC Mercy Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Katherine Anne Davoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Vision Institute, UPMC Mercy Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kira L. Lathrop
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Vision Institute, UPMC Mercy Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Renee Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Stephanie Thermozier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - M. Saiful Huq
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Jose-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Vision Institute, UPMC Mercy Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Andrew W. Eller
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Vision Institute, UPMC Mercy Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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11
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Zhang C, Simón M, Harder JM, Lim H, Montgomery C, Wang Q, John SW. TLR4 deficiency does not alter glaucomatous progression in a mouse model of chronic glaucoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.597951. [PMID: 38895321 PMCID: PMC11185798 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.597951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern-recognition transmembrane receptor that induces neuroinflammatory processes in response to injury. Tlr4 is highly expressed in ocular tissues and is known to modulate inflammatory processes in both anterior and posterior segment tissues. TLR4 activation can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic deficits in inflammatory disorders. Due to its effects on inflammation and metabolism, TLR4 is a candidate to participate in glaucoma pathogenesis. It has been suggested as a therapeutic target based on studies using acute models, such as experimentally raising IOP to ischemia-inducing levels. Nevertheless, its role in chronic glaucoma needs further evaluation. In the current study, we investigated the role of TLR4 in an inherited mouse model of chronic glaucoma, DBA/2J. To do this, we analyzed the effect of Tlr4 knockout (Tlr4 -/-) on glaucoma-associated phenotypes in DBA/2J mice. Our studies found no significant differences in intraocular pressure, iris disease, or glaucomatous progression in Tlr4 -/- compared to Tlr4 +/+ DBA/2J mice. These data do not identify a role for TLR4 in this chronic glaucoma, but further research is warranted to understand its role in other glaucoma models and different genetic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Marina Simón
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Haeyn Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Christa Montgomery
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Simon W.M. John
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
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12
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Qin P, Sun Y, Li L. Mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic neuroinflammatory diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:47. [PMID: 38577947 PMCID: PMC10999227 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation serves a key role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondria serve as central regulators of neuroinflammation. In addition to providing energy to cells, mitochondria also participate in the immunoinflammatory response of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy, by regulating processes such as cell death and inflammasome activation. Under inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial oxidative stress, epigenetics, mitochondrial dynamics and calcium homeostasis imbalance may serve as underlying regulatory mechanisms for these diseases. Therefore, investigating mechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction may result in therapeutic strategies against chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The present review summarizes the mechanisms of mitochondria in chronic neuroinflammatory diseases and the current treatment approaches that target mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Liya Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
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13
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Bou Ghanem GO, Wareham LK, Calkins DJ. Addressing neurodegeneration in glaucoma: Mechanisms, challenges, and treatments. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101261. [PMID: 38527623 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. The disease causes vision loss due to neurodegeneration of the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projection to the brain through the optic nerve. Glaucoma is associated with sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). Thus, mainstay treatments seek to manage IOP, though many patients continue to lose vision. To address neurodegeneration directly, numerous preclinical studies seek to develop protective or reparative therapies that act independently of IOP. These include growth factors, compounds targeting metabolism, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, and neuromodulators. Despite success in experimental models, many of these approaches fail to translate into clinical benefits. Several factors contribute to this challenge. Firstly, the anatomic structure of the optic nerve head differs between rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. Additionally, animal models do not replicate the complex glaucoma pathophysiology in humans. Therefore, to enhance the success of translating these findings, we propose two approaches. First, thorough evaluation of experimental targets in multiple animal models, including nonhuman primates, should precede clinical trials. Second, we advocate for combination therapy, which involves using multiple agents simultaneously, especially in the early and potentially reversible stages of the disease. These strategies aim to increase the chances of successful neuroprotective treatment for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi O Bou Ghanem
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Lauren K Wareham
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - David J Calkins
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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14
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Wang X, Hu B, Zhang H, Zhou S, Wu W, Tan Z, Sun M, Kang Q. The anti-apoptotic role of Ginkgolide B via mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibition in retinal ischemia-reperfusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 705:149722. [PMID: 38442447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This research delves into the effectiveness of Ginkgolide B (GB), a compound from Ginkgo biloba, in combating cell death caused by glaucoma, with a focus on mitochondrial impairment and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Utilizing models of high intraocular pressure and in vitro glaucoma simulations, the study investigates GB's impact on retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and in a rat glaucoma model. The study methodologies included apoptosis assessment, apoptotic marker analysis via Western blot, and mitochondrial structure and function evaluation. The findings reveal that GB notably decreases apoptosis in RPCs exposed to OGD/R in vitro, and reduces ischemia-reperfusion damage in vivo. GB's protective role is attributed to its ability to preserve mitochondrial integrity, maintain membrane potential, regulate calcium levels, and inhibit mPTP opening. These results underscore GB's potential as a therapeutic agent for acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, highlighting its capability to alleviate mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in RPCs and retinal nerve fiber layer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiou Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Baoqi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710002, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Sijia Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Wenfei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zizhu Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Meiqi Sun
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qianyan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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15
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Maurya S, Lin M, Karnam S, Singh T, Kumar M, Ward E, Flanagan JG, Gronert K. Regulation of Diseases-Associated Microglia in the Optic Nerve by Lipoxin B 4 and Ocular Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585452. [PMID: 38562864 PMCID: PMC10983965 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The resident astrocyte-retinal ganglion cell (RGC) lipoxin circuit is impaired during retinal stress, which includes ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. Lipoxin B4 produced by homeostatic astrocytes directly acts on RGCs to increase survival and function in ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. RGC death in the retina and axonal degeneration in the optic nerve are driven by the complex interactions between microglia and macroglia. Whether LXB4 neuroprotective actions include regulation of other cell types in the retina and/or optic nerve is an important knowledge gap. Methods Cellular targets and signaling of LXB4 in the retina were defined by single-cell RNA sequencing. Retinal neurodegeneration was induced by injecting silicone oil into the anterior chamber of the mouse eyes, which induced sustained and stable ocular hypertension. Morphological characterization of microglia populations in the retina and optic nerve was established by MorphOMICs and pseudotime trajectory analyses. The pathways and mechanisms of action of LXB4 in the optic nerve were investigated using bulk RNA sequencing. Transcriptomics data was validated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Differences between experimental groups was assessed by Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results Single-cell transcriptomics identified microglia as a primary target for LXB4 in the healthy retina. LXB4 downregulated genes that drive microglia environmental sensing and reactivity responses. Analysis of microglial function revealed that ocular hypertension induced distinct, temporally defined, and dynamic phenotypes in the retina and, unexpectedly, in the distal myelinated optic nerve. Microglial expression of CD74, a marker of disease-associated microglia in the brain, was only induced in a unique population of optic nerve microglia, but not in the retina. Genetic deletion of lipoxin formation correlated with the presence of a CD74 optic nerve microglia population in normotensive eyes, while LXB4 treatment during ocular hypertension shifted optic nerve microglia toward a homeostatic morphology and non-reactive state and downregulated the expression of CD74. Furthermore, we identified a correlation between CD74 and phospho-phosphoinositide 3-kinases (p-PI3K) expression levels in the optic nerve, which was reduced by LXB4 treatment. Conclusion We identified early and dynamic changes in the microglia functional phenotype, reactivity, and induction of a unique CD74 microglia population in the distal optic nerve as key features of ocular hypertension-induced neurodegeneration. Our findings establish microglia regulation as a novel LXB4 target in the retina and optic nerve. LXB4 maintenance of a homeostatic optic nerve microglia phenotype and inhibition of a disease-associated phenotype are potential neuroprotective mechanisms for the resident LXB4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Maurya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maggie Lin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Shruthi Karnam
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Tanirika Singh
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Matangi Kumar
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Emily Ward
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - John G Flanagan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
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16
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He L, Zhang R, Yang M, Lu M. The role of astrocyte in neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166992. [PMID: 38128844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, is a devastating condition characterized by initial mechanical damage followed by subsequent biochemical processes, including neuroinflammation. Astrocytes, the predominant glial cells in the central nervous system, play a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis and supporting neuronal function. Nevertheless, in response to TBI, astrocytes undergo substantial phenotypic alternations and actively contribute to the neuroinflammatory response. This article explores the multifaceted involvement of astrocytes in neuroinflammation subsequent to TBI, with a particular emphasis on their activation, release of inflammatory mediators, modulation of the blood-brain barrier, and interactions with other immune cells. A comprehensive understanding the dynamic interplay between astrocytes and neuroinflammation in the condition of TBI can provide valuable insights into the development of innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating secondary damage and fostering neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China.
| | - Ruqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Maiqiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Meilin Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
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17
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Zeng Y, Lin Y, Yang J, Wang X, Zhu Y, Zhou B. The Role and Mechanism of Nicotinamide Riboside in Oxidative Damage and a Fibrosis Model of Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:24. [PMID: 38546981 PMCID: PMC10981432 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the potential effects and mechanism of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on the oxidative stress and fibrosis model of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell line cells. Methods HTM cells were pretreated with NR, followed by the induction of oxidative injury and fibrosis by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TGF-β2, respectively. Cell viability was tested using Hoechst staining and MTT assays, cell proliferation was assessed by EdU assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. DCFH-DA and DHE probes were used to measure the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and MitoTracker staining was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Fibrotic responses, including cell migration and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, were detected via Transwell assays, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting. Results NR pretreatment improved the viability, proliferation, and MMP of H2O2-treated HTM cells. Compared to cells treated solely with H2O2, HTM cells treated with both NR and H2O2, exhibited a reduced rate of apoptosis and generation of ROS. Compared with H2O2 pretreatment, NR pretreatment upregulated expression of the JAK2/Stat3 pathway but inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway expression. Moreover, 10-ng/mL TGF-β2 promoted cell proliferation and migration, which were inhibited by NR pretreatment. Both qRT-PCR and immunoblotting showed that NR inhibited the expression of fibronectin in a TGF-β2-induced fibrosis model. Conclusions NR has a protective effect on oxidative stress and fibrosis in HTM cells, which may be related to the JAK2/Stat3 pathway and MAPK pathway. Translational Relevance Our research provides the ongoing data for potential therapy of NAD+ precursors in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yijun Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Regional Medical Center, Binghai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Institute of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases and Optometry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Regional Medical Center, Binghai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Institute of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases and Optometry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Regional Medical Center, Binghai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Institute of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases and Optometry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Biting Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Regional Medical Center, Binghai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Institute of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases and Optometry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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18
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Erb C, Erb C, Kazakov A, Umetalieva M, Weisser B. Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Glaucoma-Relevant Examination Results in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024; 241:177-185. [PMID: 37643738 DOI: 10.1055/a-2105-0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is no longer considered an isolated eye pressure-dependent optic neuropathy, but a neurodegenerative disease in which oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are prominent. These processes may be exacerbated by additional systemic diseases. The most common are arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Using diabetes mellitus as an example, it will be shown how far-reaching the influence of such a systemic disease can be on both the functional and the structural diagnostic methods for POAG. This knowledge is essential, since these interferences can lead to misinterpretations of POAG, which can also affect therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Erb
- Augenklinik am Wittenbergplatz, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Avaz Kazakov
- Department of External Relations and Development, Salymbekov University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Maana Umetalieva
- Medical Faculty of Medicine, Salymbekov University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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19
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Chen J, Wang Q, Li R, Li Z, Jiang Q, Yan F, Ye J. The role of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway during the progress and therapy of diabetic retinopathy. Life Sci 2024; 338:122386. [PMID: 38159594 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a complex and progressive ocular complication of diabetes mellitus and is a leading cause of blindness in people of working age worldwide. The pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy involves multifactorial processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular abnormalities. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis is essential for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. One of the pathways receiving increasing attention is the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, which regulates the cellular response to oxidative stress by activating Nrf2. In this review, we analyze the current evidence linking Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway dysregulation to diabetic retinopathy. In addition, we explore the potential therapeutic implications and the challenges of targeting this pathway for disease management. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy and the therapeutic potential of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway may pave the way for innovative and effective interventions to combat this vision-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qizhou Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Fangrong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Junmei Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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20
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Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Starr CR, Lee EJ, Park KS, Zhylkibayev A, Medina A, Lin JH, Gorbatyuk M. The endoplasmic reticulum: Homeostasis and crosstalk in retinal health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 98:101231. [PMID: 38092262 PMCID: PMC11056313 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium storage and gated release. In addition, the ER makes close contact with multiple intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane to actively regulate the biogenesis, remodeling, and function of these organelles. Therefore, maintaining a homeostatic and functional ER is critical for the survival and function of cells. This vital process is implemented through well-orchestrated signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is activated when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, a condition known as ER stress, and functions to restore ER homeostasis thus promoting cell survival. However, prolonged activation or dysregulation of the UPR can lead to cell death and other detrimental events such as inflammation and oxidative stress; these processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including retinal disorders. In this review manuscript, we discuss the unique features of the ER and ER stress signaling in the retina and retinal neurons and describe recent advances in the research to uncover the role of ER stress signaling in neurodegenerative retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal degeneration, achromatopsia and cone diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. In some chapters, we highlight the complex interactions between the ER and other intracellular organelles focusing on mitochondria and illustrate how ER stress signaling regulates common cellular stress pathways such as autophagy. We also touch upon the integrated stress response in retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Finally, we provide an update on the current development of pharmacological agents targeting the UPR response and discuss some unresolved questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Josh J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher R Starr
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karen Sophia Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Assylbek Zhylkibayev
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andy Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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21
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Langbøl M, Rovelt J, Saruhanian A, Saruhanian S, Tiedemann D, Baskaran T, Bocca C, Vohra R, Cvenkel B, Lenaers G, Kolko M. Distinct Metabolic Profiles of Ocular Hypertensives in Response to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:195. [PMID: 38203366 PMCID: PMC10779258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The main risk factor is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), but the actual cause of the disease remains unknown. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic dysfunction plays a central role. The aim of the current study was to determine and compare the effect of universal hypoxia on the metabolomic signature in plasma samples from healthy controls (n = 10), patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG, n = 10), and ocular hypertension (OHT, n = 10). By subjecting humans to universal hypoxia, we aim to mimic a state in which the mitochondria in the body are universally stressed. Participants were exposed to normobaric hypoxia for two hours, followed by a 30 min recovery period in normobaric normoxia. Blood samples were collected at baseline, during hypoxia, and in recovery. Plasma samples were analyzed using a non-targeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Multivariate analyses were conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and univariate analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Unique metabolites involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and ketone body metabolism were upregulated, while metabolites of the kynurenine pathway were downregulated in OHT patients exposed to universal hypoxia. Differential affection of metabolic pathways may explain why patients with OHT initially do not suffer or are more resilient from optic nerve degeneration. The metabolomes of NTG and OHT patients are regulated differently from control subjects and show dysregulation of metabolites important for energy production. These dysregulated processes may potentially contribute to the elevation of IOP and, ultimately, cell death of the RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Langbøl
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Jens Rovelt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Arevak Saruhanian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Sarkis Saruhanian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tiedemann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thisayini Baskaran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Cinzia Bocca
- Faculté de Santé, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (C.B.); (G.L.)
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 49933 Angers, France
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Barbara Cvenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Faculté de Santé, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (C.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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22
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Lira Chavez FM, Gartzke LP, van Beuningen FE, Wink SE, Henning RH, Krenning G, Bouma HR. Restoring the infected powerhouse: Mitochondrial quality control in sepsis. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102968. [PMID: 38039825 PMCID: PMC10711241 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to an infection, characterized by organ failure. The pathophysiology is complex and incompletely understood, but mitochondria appear to play a key role in the cascade of events that culminate in multiple organ failure and potentially death. In shaping immune responses, mitochondria fulfil dual roles: they not only supply energy and metabolic intermediates crucial for immune cell activation and function but also influence inflammatory and cell death pathways. Importantly, mitochondrial dysfunction has a dual impact, compromising both immune system efficiency and the metabolic stability of end organs. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to the development of a hyperinflammatory state and loss of cellular homeostasis, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Already in early sepsis, signs of mitochondrial dysfunction are apparent and consequently, strategies to optimize mitochondrial function in sepsis should not only prevent the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction, but also cover the repair of the sustained mitochondrial damage. Here, we discuss mitochondrial quality control (mtQC) in the pathogenesis of sepsis and exemplify how mtQC could serve as therapeutic target to overcome mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, replacing or repairing dysfunctional mitochondria may contribute to the recovery of organ function in sepsis. Mitochondrial biogenesis is a process that results in the formation of new mitochondria and is critical for maintaining a pool of healthy mitochondria. However, exacerbated biogenesis during early sepsis can result in accumulation of structurally aberrant mitochondria that fail to restore bioenergetics, produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbate the disease course. Conversely, enhancing mitophagy can protect against organ damage by limiting the release of mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecules (DAMPs). Furthermore, promoting mitophagy may facilitate the growth of healthy mitochondria by blocking the replication of damaged mitochondria and allow for post sepsis organ recovery through enabling mitophagy-coupled biogenesis. The remaining healthy mitochondria may provide an undamaged scaffold to reproduce functional mitochondria. However, the kinetics of mtQC in sepsis, specifically mitophagy, and the optimal timing for intervention remain poorly understood. This review emphasizes the importance of integrating mitophagy induction with mtQC mechanisms to prevent undesired effects associated with solely the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Lira Chavez
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - L P Gartzke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F E van Beuningen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S E Wink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Krenning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Sulfateq B.V, Admiraal de Ruyterlaan 5, 9726, GN Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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23
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Amador-Martínez I, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Bernabe-Yepes B, Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Mitochondrial Impairment: A Link for Inflammatory Responses Activation in the Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15875. [PMID: 37958859 PMCID: PMC10650149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS type 4) occurs when chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to cardiovascular damage, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Mitochondria, vital organelles responsible for essential cellular functions, can become dysfunctional in CKD. This dysfunction can trigger inflammatory responses in distant organs by releasing Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs are recognized by immune receptors within cells, including Toll-like receptors (TLR) like TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Activation of these immune receptors leads to the increased expression of cytokines and chemokines. Excessive chemokine stimulation results in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissues, causing chronic damage. Experimental studies have demonstrated that chemokines are upregulated in the heart during CKD, contributing to CRS type 4. Conversely, chemokine inhibitors have been shown to reduce chronic inflammation and prevent cardiorenal impairment. However, the molecular connection between mitochondrial DAMPs and inflammatory pathways responsible for chemokine overactivation in CRS type 4 has not been explored. In this review, we delve into mechanistic insights and discuss how various mitochondrial DAMPs released by the kidney during CKD can activate TLRs, NLRP3, and cGAS-STING immune pathways in the heart. This activation leads to the upregulation of chemokines, ultimately culminating in the establishment of CRS type 4. Furthermore, we propose using chemokine inhibitors as potential strategies for preventing CRS type 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Amador-Martínez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (I.A.-M.); (A.K.A.-R.)
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Bismarck Bernabe-Yepes
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (I.A.-M.); (A.K.A.-R.)
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
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24
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Brooks CD, Kodati B, Stankowska DL, Krishnamoorthy RR. Role of mitophagy in ocular neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1299552. [PMID: 37965225 PMCID: PMC10641468 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1299552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the central nervous system are among the most metabolically active cells in the body, characterized by high oxygen consumption utilizing glucose both aerobically and anaerobically. Neurons have an abundance of mitochondria which generate adequate ATP to keep up with the high metabolic demand. One consequence of the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism of ATP synthesis, is the generation of reactive oxygen species which produces cellular injury as well as damage to mitochondria. Mitochondria respond to injury by fusion which serves to ameliorate the damage through genetic complementation. Mitochondria also undergo fission to meet an increased energy demand. Loss of mitochondria is also compensated by increased biogenesis to generate new mitochondria. Damaged mitochondria are removed by mitophagy, an autophagic process, in which damaged mitochondria are surrounded by a membrane to form an autophagosome which ultimately fuses with the lysosome resulting in degradation of faulty mitochondria. Dysregulation of mitophagy has been reported in several central nervous system disorders, including, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Recent studies point to aberrant mitophagy in ocular neurodegenerative disorders which could be an important contributor to the disease etiology/pathology. This review article highlights some of the recent findings that point to dysregulation of mitophagy and it's underlying mechanisms in ocular neurodegenerative diseases, including, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin D. Brooks
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Bindu Kodati
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Raghu R. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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25
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Zhou L, Ho BM, Chan HYE, Tong Y, Du L, He JN, Ng DSC, Tham CC, Pang CP, Chu WK. Emerging Roles of cGAS-STING Signaling in Mediating Ocular Inflammation. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:739-750. [PMID: 37778330 PMCID: PMC10616671 DOI: 10.1159/000533897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), a sensor of cytosolic DNA, recognizes cytoplasmic nucleic acids to activate the innate immune responses via generation of the second messenger cGAMP and subsequent activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STINGs). The cGAS-STING signaling has multiple immunologic and physiological functions in all human vital organs. It mediates protective innate immune defense against DNA-containing pathogen infection, confers intrinsic antitumor immunity via detecting tumor-derived DNA, and gives rise to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases upon aberrant activation by cytosolic leakage of self-genomic and mitochondrial DNA. Disruptions in these functions are associated with the pathophysiology of various immunologic and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent evidence indicates important roles of the cGAS-STING signaling in mediating inflammatory responses in ocular inflammatory and inflammation-associated diseases, such as keratitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and uveitis. In this review, we summarize the recently emerging evidence of cGAS-STING signaling in mediating ocular inflammatory responses and affecting pathogenesis of these complex eye diseases. We attempt to provide insightful perspectives on future directions of investigating cGAS-STING signaling in ocular inflammation. Understanding how cGAS-STING signaling is modulated to mediate ocular inflammatory responses would allow future development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat ocular inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Bo Man Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hoi Ying Emily Chan
- Medicine Programme Global Physician-Leadership Stream, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yan Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jing Na He
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Danny Siu-Chun Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Clement C. Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
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26
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Ragupathy H, Vukku M, Barodia SK. Cell-Type-Specific Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Brain: A Plausible Mechanism of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14421. [PMID: 37833867 PMCID: PMC10572699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is an age-dependent progressive phenomenon with no defined cause. Aging is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. During aging, activated microglia undergo phenotypic alterations that can lead to neuroinflammation, which is a well-accepted event in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Several common mechanisms are shared by genetically or pathologically distinct neurodegenerative diseases, such as excitotoxicity, mitochondrial deficits and oxidative stress, protein misfolding and translational dysfunction, autophagy and microglia activation. Progressive loss of the neuronal population due to increased oxidative stress leads to neurodegenerative diseases, mostly due to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive neuroinflammatory responses are both sufficient to induce pathology in age-dependent neurodegeneration. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control is a key determinant for the health and survival of neuronal cells in the brain. Research has been primarily focused to demonstrate the significance of neuronal mitochondrial health, despite the important contributions of non-neuronal cells that constitute a significant portion of the brain volume. Moreover, mitochondrial morphology and function are distinctly diverse in different tissues; however, little is known about their molecular diversity among cell types. Mitochondrial dynamics and quality in different cell types markedly decide the fate of overall brain health; therefore, it is not justifiable to overlook non-neuronal cells and their significant and active contribution in facilitating overall neuronal health. In this review article, we aim to discuss the mitochondrial quality control of different cell types in the brain and how important and remarkable the diversity and highly synchronized connecting property of non-neuronal cells are in keeping the neurons healthy to control neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manasvi Vukku
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
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Melecchi A, Amato R, Dal Monte M, Rusciano D, Bagnoli P, Cammalleri M. Restored retinal physiology after administration of niacin with citicoline in a mouse model of hypertensive glaucoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1230941. [PMID: 37731716 PMCID: PMC10508956 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1230941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Much interest has been addressed to antioxidant dietary supplements that are known to lower the risk of developing glaucoma or delay its progression. Among them, niacin and citicoline protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from degeneration by targeting mitochondria, though at different levels. A well-established mouse model of RGC degeneration induced by experimental intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation was used to investigate whether a novel combination of niacin/citicoline has better efficacy over each single component in preserving RGC health in response to IOP increase. Methods Ocular hypertension was induced by an intracameral injection of methylcellulose that clogs the trabecular meshwork. Electroretinography and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate RGC function and density. Oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic markers were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results The present results support an optimal efficacy of niacin with citicoline at their best dosage in preventing RGC loss. In fact, about 50% of RGCs were spared from death leading to improved electroretinographic responses to flash and pattern stimulation. Upregulated levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were also consistently reduced by almost 50% after niacin with citicoline thus providing a significant strength to the validity of their combination. Conclusion Niacin combined with citicoline is highly effective in restoring RGC physiology but its therapeutic potential needs to be further explored. In fact, the translation of the present compound to humans is limited by several factors including the mouse modeling, the higher doses of the supplements that are necessary to demonstrate their efficacy over a short follow up period and the scarce knowledge of their transport to the bloodstream and to the eventual target tissues in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dario Rusciano
- Research Center, Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cammalleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Jiménez-Loygorri JI, Benítez-Fernández R, Viedma-Poyatos Á, Zapata-Muñoz J, Villarejo-Zori B, Gómez-Sintes R, Boya P. Mitophagy in the retina: Viewing mitochondrial homeostasis through a new lens. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101205. [PMID: 37454969 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is key to support metabolism and homeostasis in the retina, an organ that has one of the highest metabolic rates body-wide and is constantly exposed to photooxidative damage and external stressors. Mitophagy is the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria within lysosomes, and can be triggered by distinct stimuli such as mitochondrial damage or hypoxia. Here, we review the importance of mitophagy in retinal physiology and pathology. In the developing retina, mitophagy is essential for metabolic reprogramming and differentiation of retina ganglion cells (RGCs). In basal conditions, mitophagy acts as a quality control mechanism, maintaining a healthy mitochondrial pool to meet cellular demands. We summarize the different autophagy- and mitophagy-deficient mouse models described in the literature, and discuss the potential role of mitophagy dysregulation in retinal diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related macular degeneration. Finally, we provide an overview of methods used to monitor mitophagy in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. This review highlights the important role of mitophagy in sustaining visual function, and its potential as a putative therapeutic target for retinal and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Jiménez-Loygorri
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Benítez-Fernández
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departament of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Álvaro Viedma-Poyatos
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Zapata-Muñoz
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez-Sintes
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departament of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Ju WK, Perkins GA, Kim KY, Bastola T, Choi WY, Choi SH. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy: Mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction and protection in retinal ganglion cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 95:101136. [PMID: 36400670 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by a slow, progressive, and multifactorial degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, resulting in vision loss. Despite its high prevalence in individuals 60 years of age and older, the causing factors contributing to glaucoma progression are currently not well characterized. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven treatable risk factor. However, lowering IOP is insufficient for preventing disease progression. One of the significant interests in glaucoma pathogenesis is understanding the structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in RGCs and their axons and synapses. Glaucomatous risk factors such as IOP elevation, aging, genetic variation, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factor deprivation, and vascular dysregulation, are potential inducers for mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma. Because oxidative phosphorylation stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in glaucomatous RGCs, understanding the underlying mechanisms and relationship between structural and functional alterations in mitochondria would be beneficial to developing mitochondria-related neuroprotection in RGCs and their axons and synapses against glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Here, we review the current studies focusing on mitochondrial dynamics-based structural and functional alterations in the mitochondria of glaucomatous RGCs and therapeutic strategies to protect RGCs against glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tonking Bastola
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Woo-Young Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Huang ZP, Liu SF, Zhuang JL, Li LY, Li MM, Huang YL, Chen YH, Chen XR, Lin S, Ye LC, Chen CN. Role of microglial metabolic reprogramming in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115619. [PMID: 37211170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by damage to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Key pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD include alpha-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, impaired protein clearance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. However, to date, no study has confirmed the specific pathogenesis of PD. Similarly, current PD treatment methods still have shortcomings. Although some emerging therapies have proved effective for PD, the specific mechanism still needs further clarification. Metabolic reprogramming, a term first proposed by Warburg, is applied to the metabolic energy characteristics of tumor cells. Microglia have similar metabolic characteristics. Pro-inflammatory M1 type and anti-inflammatory M2 type are the two types of activated microglia, which exhibit different metabolic patterns in glucose, lipid, amino acid, and iron metabolism. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in microglial metabolic reprogramming by activating various signaling mechanisms. Functional changes in microglia resulting from metabolic reprogramming can cause changes in the brain microenvironment, thus playing an important role in neuroinflammation or tissue repair. The involvement of microglial metabolic reprogramming in PD pathogenesis has been confirmed. Neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuronal death can effectively be reduced by inhibiting certain metabolic pathways in M1 microglia or reverting M1 cells to the M2 phenotype. This review summarizes the relationship between microglial metabolic reprogramming and PD and provides strategies for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ping Huang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Jian-Long Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lin-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Mi-Mi Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Ya-Li Huang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Yan-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shishi General Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Center of Neurological and Metabolic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Li-Chao Ye
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China.
| | - Chun-Nuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China.
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Pham JH, Stankowska DL. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) and their role in glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell degeneration-a mini review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1198343. [PMID: 37250427 PMCID: PMC10213334 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1198343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), leading to degeneration of the optic nerve and death of retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons in the eye. In recent years, many studies have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction as a crucial player in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial function has been an increasingly researched topic in glaucoma, given its vital role in bioenergetics and propagation of action potentials. One of the most metabolically active tissues in the body characterized by high oxygen consumption is the retina, particularly the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). RGCs, which have long axons that extend from the eyes to the brain, rely heavily on the energy generated by oxidative phosphorylation for signal transduction, rendering them more vulnerable to oxidative damage. In various glaucoma models, mitochondrial dysfunction and stress from protein aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have been observed in the RGCs. However, it has been shown that the two organelles are connected through a network called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs); hence this crosstalk in a pathophysiological condition such as glaucoma should be evaluated. Here, we review the current literature suggestive of mitochondrial and ER stress related to glaucoma, indicating potential cross-signaling and the potential roles of MAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Pham
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Liu Z, Wang C, Lin C. Pyroptosis as a double-edged sword: The pathogenic and therapeutic roles in inflammatory diseases and cancers. Life Sci 2023; 318:121498. [PMID: 36780939 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death mode discovered in recent years. It is caused by inflammasomes and the perforation of Gasdermin family proteins, and results in the release of inflammatory factors and triggering of an inflammatory cascade response. The pathways of pyroptosis include the caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway, the caspase-4/5/11-dependent non-canonical pathway, other caspase-dependent pathways and caspase-independent pathways. Its morphological features are different from other programmed cell death modes (apoptosis, autophagy, etc.). Pyroptosis can be observed microscopically that abundant pores are formed in the cell membrane, resulting in cell swelling and rupture, and eventually leading to the outflow of cellular contents. In addition to causing tissue damage and dysfunction through inflammation, pyroptosis can also become a potential cancer treatment strategy by reducing drug resistance in cancer cells. However, many details are still unclear on the molecular mechanisms of its role in pathogenicity and therapeutics, and therefore lots of work needs to be done. This article reviews the morphological characteristics, pathogenic and therapeutic mechanisms of pyroptosis and its related research progress in inflammatory diseases and cancers. It helps to further understand the mechanism of pyroptosis and provide new ideas for the research and prevention of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changjun Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Erb C, Prokosch V. [Crosstalk between Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Diabetes Mellitus]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023; 240:123-124. [PMID: 36812924 DOI: 10.1055/a-1989-6285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Shi XY, Yue XL, Xu YS, Jiang M, Li RJ. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 inflammasome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review of the current evidence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1062502. [PMID: 36910525 PMCID: PMC9996072 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1062502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and dyslipidemia underlie the pathological basis of atherosclerosis (AS). Clinical studies have confirmed that there is still residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) even after intense reduction of LDL. Some of this residual risk can be explained by inflammation as anti-inflammatory therapy is effective in improving outcomes in subjects treated with LDL-lowering agents. NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is closely related to early-stage inflammation in AS. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important enzyme of toxic aldehyde metabolism located in mitochondria and works in the metabolism of toxic aldehydes such as 4-HNE and MDA. Despite studies confirming that ALDH2 can negatively regulate NLRP3 inflammasome and delay the development of atherosclerosis, the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is a common downstream pathway activated for NLRP3 inflammasome. ALDH2 can reduce the multiple sources of ROS, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage, thereby reducing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Further, according to the downstream of ALDH2 and the upstream of NLRP3, the molecules and related mechanisms of ALDH2 on NLRP3 inflammasome are comprehensively expounded as possible. The potential mechanism may provide potential inroads for treating ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yun Shi
- Qilu Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yue
- Qilu Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - You-Shun Xu
- Qilu Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui-Jian Li
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Wang Q, Wang F, Li X, Ma Z, Jiang D. Quercetin inhibits the amphiregulin/EGFR signaling-mediated renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:111-123. [PMID: 36221860 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a widely distributed, bioactive flavonoid compound, which displays potential to inhibit fibrosis in several diseases. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of quercetin treatment on renal fibrosis and investigate the mechanism. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and a rat model of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) that contributes to fibrosis were used to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of quercetin. PD153035 (N-[3-Bromophenyl]-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-amine) was used to inactivate EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor). The level of fibrosis, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in HK-2 were measured. All data are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD). p-value < .05 was considered statistically significant. In UUO rats, quercetin reduced the area of fibrosis as well as inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. In cultured HK-2 cells, quercetin significantly ameliorated the EMT induced by TGF-β1, which was accompanied by increased amphiregulin (AREG) expression. Moreover, quercetin inhibited AREG binding to the EGFR receptor, thereby further affecting other downstream pathways. Quercetin may alleviate fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the activation of AREG/EGFR signaling indicating a potential therapeutic effect of quercetin in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiangze Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Dapeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Anand S, Trounce IA, Gangoda L. Role of extracellular vesicles in mitochondrial eye diseases. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:1264-1272. [PMID: 36308309 PMCID: PMC10947567 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small packages that are released by almost all types of cells. While the role of EVs in pathogenesis of certain diseases such as cancer is well established, EVs role in ocular health and disease is still at early stages of investigation. Given the significant role of EVs in pathological development and progression of diseases such as cancer, EVs present a similar opportunity for investigation in ocular pathophysiology. Studies have shown the presence of EVs in fluids from the ocular environment have close links with ocular health and disease. Hence, the cargo carried in EVs from ocular fluids can be used for monitoring disease phenotypes or therapeutic outcomes in eye-related disorders. Furthermore, in recent times EVs have increasingly gained attention as therapeutics and drug-delivery vehicles for treatment of eye diseases. There is a close relationship between EVs and mitochondria functioning with mitochondria dysfunction leading to a significant number of ophthalmic disorders. This review discusses the current knowledge of EVs in visual systems with a special focus on eye diseases resulting from dysfunctional mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Anand
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Opthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ian A. Trounce
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Opthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lahiru Gangoda
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Opthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Chen X, Jiang Y, Duan Y, Zhang X, Li X. Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Strategies for Retinal Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101901. [PMID: 36292786 PMCID: PMC9602395 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases are major causes of irreversible vision loss and blindness. Despite extensive research into their pathophysiology and etiology, pharmacotherapy effectiveness and surgical outcomes remain poor. Based largely on numerous preclinical studies, administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy for retinal diseases holds great promise, and various approaches have been applied to the therapies. However, hindered by the retinal barriers, the initial vision for the stem cell replacement strategy fails to achieve the anticipated effect and has now been questioned. Accumulating evidence now suggests that the paracrine effect may play a dominant role in MSC-based treatment, and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles emerge as a novel compelling alternative for cell-free therapy. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential and current strategies of this fascinating class of cells in retinal degeneration and other retinal dysfunctions.
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Li Y, Xia X, Wang Y, Zheng JC. Mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia: a novel perspective for pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:248. [PMID: 36203194 PMCID: PMC9535890 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly globally. Emerging evidence has demonstrated microglia-driven neuroinflammation as a key contributor to the onset and progression of AD, however, the mechanisms that mediate neuroinflammation remain largely unknown. Recent studies have suggested mitochondrial dysfunction including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, metabolic defects, and quality control (QC) disorders precedes microglial activation and subsequent neuroinflammation. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and microglial activation in AD is important to unveil the pathogenesis of AD and develop effective approaches for early AD diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we summarized current progress in the roles of mtDNA, mitochondrial metabolism, mitochondrial QC changes in microglial activation in AD, and provide comprehensive thoughts for targeting microglial mitochondria as potential therapeutic strategies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China. .,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200065, China. .,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China.,Translational Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201613, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China. .,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200065, China. .,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Yang YL, Lin TK, Huang YH. MiR-29a inhibits MPP + - Induced cell death and inflammation in Parkinson's disease model in vitro by potential targeting of MAVS. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175302. [PMID: 36174668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) primarily affects the motor system and is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrial complex I deficiency and functional abnormalities are implicated in the development of PD. MicroRNA-29a (miR-29a) has emerged as a critical miRNA in PD. This study aims to investigate the protective role of miR-29a in MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cell lines in vitro PD model by targeting mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). Administration of MPP + inhibited miR-29a expression in SH-SY5Y cell lines. Our findings prove that miR-29a mimic treatment decreased cell death, ROS production, MAVS, p-IRF3, p-NFκBp65, IL-6, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, LC3BII, and death while increasing glutathione peroxidase 1 and manganese superoxide dismutase after MPP + treatment in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, MAVS expression was significantly corrected with the above genes in our in vitro model of PD. Luciferase activity analysis also confirmed that miR-29a specific binding 3'UTR of MAVS repressed expression. In conclusion, this research provides novel insight into a neuroprotective pathway of miR-29a and could thus serve as a possible therapeutic target for improving the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, And Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, And Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, And Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, And Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
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40
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Hydrogen peroxide initiates oxidative stress and proteomic alterations in meningothelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14519. [PMID: 36008468 PMCID: PMC9411503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningothelial cells (MECs) are fundamental cells of the sheaths covering the brain and optic nerve, where they build a brain/optic nerve-cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) barrier that prevents the free flow of CSF from the subarachnoid space, but their exact roles and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our attempt here was to investigate the influence elicited by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on functional changes of MECs. Our study showed that cell viability of MECs was inhibited after cells were exposed to oxidative agents. Cells subjected to H2O2 at the concentration of 150 µM for 24 h and 48 h exhibited an elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, decrease of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) compared with control cells. 95 protein spots with more than twofold difference were detected in two dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) gels through proteomics assay following H2O2 exposure for 48 h, 10 proteins were identified through TOF/MS analysis. Among the proteomic changes explored, 8 proteins related to energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, structural regulation, and cell cycle control were downregulated. Our study provides key insights that enhance our understanding of the role of MECs in the pathology of brain and optic nerve disorders.
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The Mechanism of TNF- α-Mediated Accumulation of Phosphorylated Tau Protein and Its Modulation by Propofol in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons: Role of Mitophagy, NLRP3, and p62/Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8661200. [PMID: 35993019 PMCID: PMC9391138 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8661200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation-induced phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) deposition in central nervous system contributes to neurodegenerative disorders. Propofol possesses neuroprotective properties. We investigated its impacts on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated p-Tau deposition in neurons. Methods Mouse hippocampal neurons were exposed to propofol followed by TNF-α. Cell viability, p-Tau, mitophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), antioxidant enzymes, and p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway were investigated. Results TNF-α promoted p-Tau accumulation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. TNF-α (20 ng/mL, 4 h) inhibited mitophagy while increased ROS accumulation and NLRP3 activation. It also induced glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) while inhibited protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) phosphorylation. All these effects were attenuated by 25 μM propofol. In addition, TNF-α-induced p-Tau accumulation was attenuated by ROS scavenger, NLRP3 inhibitor, GSK3β inhibitor, or PP2A activator. Besides, compared with control neurons, 100 μM propofol decreased p-Tau accumulation. It also decreased ROS and NLRP3 activation, modulated GSK3β/PP2A phosphorylation, leaving mitophagy unchanged. Further, 100 μM propofol induced p62 expression, reduced Keap1 expression, triggered the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and upregulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, which was abolished by p62 knockdown, Keap1 overexpression, or Nrf2 inhibitor. Consistently, the inhibitory effect of 100 μM propofol on ROS and p-Tau accumulation was mitigated by p62 knockdown, Keap1 overexpression, or Nrf2 inhibitor. Conclusions In hippocampal neurons, TNF-α inhibited mitophagy, caused oxidative stress and NLRP3 activation, leading to GSK3β/PP2A-dependent Tau phosphorylation. Propofol may reduce p-Tau accumulation by reversing mitophagy and oxidative stress-related events. Besides, propofol may reduce p-Tau accumulation by modulating SOD and HO-1 expression through p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Zhuang D, Zhang R, Liu H, Dai Y. A Small Natural Molecule S3 Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and Promotes Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy against Excitotoxicity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154957. [PMID: 35956907 PMCID: PMC9370668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity may contribute to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, leading to irreversible blindness. Growing evidence has linked impaired mitochondrial quality control with RGCs degeneration, while parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, has proved to be protective and promotes mitophagy in RGCs against excitotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a small molecule S3 could modulate parkin-mediated mitophagy and has therapeutic potential for RGCs. The results showed that as an inhibitor of deubiquitinase USP30, S3 protected cultured RGCs and improved mitochondrial health against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Administration of S3 promoted the parkin expression and its downstream mitophagy-related proteins in RGCs. An upregulated ubiquitination level of Mfn2 and protein level of OPA1 were also observed in S3-treated RGCs, while parkin knockdown resulted in a major loss of the protective effect of S3 on RGCs under excitotoxicity. These findings demonstrated that S3 promoted RGC survival mainly through enhancing parkin-mediated mitophagy against excitotoxicity. The neuroprotective value of S3 in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Hu B, Qian X, Xu G, Jin X, Chen D, Tang J, Xu L. Transcriptomics-based analysis of co-exposure of cadmium (Cd) and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) indicates mitochondrial dysfunction induces NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory cell death in renal tubular epithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113790. [PMID: 35753275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution often releases multiple contaminants resulting in as yet largely uncharacterized additive toxicities. Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread pollutant that induces nephrotoxicity in animal models and humans. However, the combined effect of Cd in causing nephrotoxicity with 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a typical congener of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), has not been evaluated and mechanisms are not completely clear. Here, we applied transcriptome sequencing analysis to investigate the combined toxicity of Cd and BDE-47 in the renal tubular epithelial cell lines HKCs. Cd or BDE-47 exposure decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and exhibited cell swelling and rounding similar to necrosis, which was exacerbated by co-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 2191, 1331 and 3787 differentially-expressed genes following treatment with Cd, BDE-47 and co-exposure, respectively. Interestingly, functional annotation and enrichment analyses showed involvement of pathways for oxidative stress, NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and inflammatory cell death for all three treatments. Examination of indices of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in HKC cells showed that the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular calcium ion concentration [Ca2+]i were elevated, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were decreased. The ratio of apoptotic and necrotic cells and intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were increased by Cd or BDE-47 exposure, and was aggravated by co-exposure, and was attenuated by ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis pathway-related genes of NLRP3, adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1, interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β were elevated, while gasdermin D (GSDMD) was down-regulated, and protein levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1 and cleaved GSDMD were increased, most of which were relieved by NAC. Our data demonstrate that exposure to Cd and BDE-47 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis leading to nephrotoxicity, and co-exposure exacerbates this effect, which could be attenuated by inhibiting ROS. This study provides a further mechanistic understanding of kidney damage, and co-exposure impact is worthy of concern and should be considered to improve the accuracy of environmental health assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key-Innovative Discipline Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key-Innovative Discipline Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Department of Pathology and Key-Innovative Discipline Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology and Key-Innovative Discipline Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Long Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang T, Wong G. Gene expression data analysis using Hellinger correlation in weighted gene co-expression networks (WGCNA). Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3851-3863. [PMID: 35891798 PMCID: PMC9307959 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is used to detect clusters with highly correlated genes. Measurements of correlation most typically rely on linear relationships. However, a linear relationship does not always model pairwise functional-related dependence between genes. In this paper, we first compared 6 different correlation methods in their ability to capture complex dependence between genes in three different tissues. Next, we compared their gene-pairwise coefficient results and corresponding WGCNA results. Finally, we applied a recently proposed correlation method, Hellinger correlation, as a more sensitive correlation measurement in WGCNA. To test this method, we constructed gene networks containing co-expression gene modules from RNA-seq data of human frontal cortex from Alzheimer's disease patients. To test the generality, we also used a microarray data set from human frontal cortex, single cell RNA-seq data from human prefrontal cortex, RNA-seq data from human temporal cortex, and GTEx data from heart. The Hellinger correlation method captures essentially similar results as other linear correlations in WGCNA, but provides additional new functional relationships as exemplified by uncovering a link between inflammation and mitochondria function. We validated the network constructed with the microarray and single cell sequencing data sets and a RNA-seq dataset of temporal cortex. We observed that this new correlation method enables the detection of non-linear biologically meaningful relationships among genes robustly and provides a complementary new approach to WGCNA. Thus, the application of Hellinger correlation to WGCNA provides a more flexible correlation approach to modelling networks in gene expression analysis that uncovers novel network relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Zhang
- Cancer Centre, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Aging, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region
| | - Garry Wong
- Cancer Centre, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Aging, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region
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Miyata S, Ishino Y, Shimizu S, Tohyama M. Involvement of inflammatory responses in the brain to the onset of major depressive disorder due to stress exposure. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:934346. [PMID: 35936767 PMCID: PMC9354609 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.934346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial disease affected by several environmental factors. Although several potential onset hypotheses have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disorder remain unclear. Several recent studies have suggested that among many environmental factors, inflammation and immune abnormalities in the brain or the peripheral tissues are associated with the onset of MDDs. Furthermore, several stress-related hypotheses have been proposed to explain the onset of MDDs. Thus, inflammation or immune abnormalities can be considered stress responses that occur within the brain or other tissues and are regarded as one of the mechanisms underlying the stress hypothesis of MDDs. Therefore, we introduce several current advances in inflammation studies in the brain that might be related to the pathophysiology of MDD due to stress exposure in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Miyata
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shingo Miyata
| | - Yugo Ishino
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Tohyama
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
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Chen M, Rong R, Xia X. Spotlight on pyroptosis: role in pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of ocular diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:183. [PMID: 35836195 PMCID: PMC9281180 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death characterized by swift plasma membrane disruption and subsequent release of cellular contents and pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines), including IL‐1β and IL‐18. It differs from other types of programmed cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis in terms of its morphology and mechanism. As a recently discovered form of cell death, pyroptosis has been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of multiple diseases. Recent studies have also suggested that pyroptosis is linked to various ocular diseases. In this review, we systematically summarized and discussed recent scientific discoveries of the involvement of pyroptosis in common ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, AIDS-related human cytomegalovirus retinitis, glaucoma, dry eye disease, keratitis, uveitis, and cataract. We also organized new and emerging evidence suggesting that pyroptosis signaling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets in ocular diseases, hoping to provide a summary of overall intervention strategies and relevant multi-dimensional evaluations for various ocular diseases, as well as offer valuable ideas for further research and development from the perspective of pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meini Chen
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Rong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Shu DY, Frank SI, Fitch TC, Karg MM, Butcher ER, Nnuji-John E, Kim LA, Saint-Geniez M. Dimethyl Fumarate Blocks Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha-Driven Inflammation and Metabolic Rewiring in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:896786. [PMID: 35813071 PMCID: PMC9259930 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.896786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) acts as a metabolic gatekeeper between photoreceptors and the choroidal vasculature to maintain retinal function. RPE dysfunction is a key feature of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Inflammation is a key pathogenic mechanism in AMD and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) has been implicated as a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in AMD. While mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in AMD pathogenesis, the interplay between inflammation and cellular metabolism remains elusive. The present study explores how the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNFα, impacts mitochondrial morphology and metabolic function in RPE. Matured human primary RPE (H-RPE) were treated with TNFα (10 ng/ml) for up to 5 days. TNFα-induced upregulation of IL-6 secretion and inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1) was accompanied by increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and reduced glycolysis, leading to an increase in cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed defects in mitochondrial morphology with engorged mitochondria and loss of cristae integrity following TNFα treatment. Pre-treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug, 80 μM dimethyl fumarate (DMFu), blocked TNFα-induced inflammatory activation of RPE (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, CFH, CFB, C3) and normalized their bioenergetic profile to control levels by regulating PFKFB3 and PKM2 gene expression. Furthermore, DMFu prevented TNFα-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological anomalies. Thus, our results indicate that DMFu serves as a novel therapeutic avenue for combating inflammatory activation and metabolic dysfunction of RPE in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y. Shu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott I. Frank
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tessa C. Fitch
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margarete M. Karg
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erik R. Butcher
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emmanuella Nnuji-John
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - Leo A. Kim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Magali Saint-Geniez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Magali Saint-Geniez,
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Boccuni I, Fairless R. Retinal Glutamate Neurotransmission: From Physiology to Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:638. [PMID: 35629305 PMCID: PMC9147752 DOI: 10.3390/life12050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate neurotransmission and metabolism are finely modulated by the retinal network, where the efficient processing of visual information is shaped by the differential distribution and composition of glutamate receptors and transporters. However, disturbances in glutamate homeostasis can result in glutamate excitotoxicity, a major initiating factor of common neurodegenerative diseases. Within the retina, glutamate excitotoxicity can impair visual transmission by initiating degeneration of neuronal populations, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The vulnerability of RGCs is observed not just as a result of retinal diseases but has also been ascribed to other common neurodegenerative and peripheral diseases. In this review, we describe the vulnerability of RGCs to glutamate excitotoxicity and the contribution of different glutamate receptors and transporters to this. In particular, we focus on the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor as the major effector of glutamate-induced mechanisms of neurodegeneration, including impairment of calcium homeostasis, changes in gene expression and signalling, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as the role of endoplasmic reticular stress. Due to recent developments in the search for modulators of NMDA receptor signalling, novel neuroprotective strategies may be on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Boccuni
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Fehsel K, Christl J. Comorbidity of osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease: Is `AKT `-ing on cellular glucose uptake the missing link? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101592. [PMID: 35192961 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both degenerative diseases. Osteoporosis often proceeds cognitive deficits, and multiple studies have revealed common triggers that lead to energy deficits in brain and bone. Risk factors for osteoporosis and AD, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, aging, chemotherapy, vitamin deficiency, alcohol abuse, and apolipoprotein Eε4 and/or Il-6 gene variants, reduce cellular glucose uptake, and protective factors, such as estrogen, insulin, exercise, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, hydrogen sulfide, and most phytochemicals, increase uptake. Glucose uptake is a fine-tuned process that depends on an abundance of glucose transporters (Gluts) on the cell surface. Gluts are stored in vesicles under the plasma membrane, and protective factors cause these vesicles to fuse with the membrane, resulting in presentation of Gluts on the cell surface. This translocation depends mainly on AKT kinase signaling and can be affected by a range of factors. Reduced AKT kinase signaling results in intracellular glucose deprivation, which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron depletion, leading to activation of HIF-1α, the transcription factor necessary for higher Glut expression. The link between diseases and aging is a topic of growing interest. Here, we show that diseases that affect the same biochemical pathways tend to co-occur, which may explain why osteoporosis and/or diabetes are often associated with AD.
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van Rensburg D, Lindeque Z, Harvey BH, Steyn SF. Reviewing the mitochondrial dysfunction paradigm in rodent models as platforms for neuropsychiatric disease research. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:82-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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