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Luo JW, Chen YH, Yu JF, Chen YX, Ji M, Guan HJ. Pain perception enhancement in consecutive second-eye phacoemulsification cataract surgeries under topical anesthesia. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:1510-1518. [PMID: 39156768 PMCID: PMC11286442 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.08.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cataract is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide while the only effective cure for cataract is still surgery. Consecutive phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia has been the routine procedure for cataract surgery. However, patients often grumbled that they felt more painful during the second-eye surgery compared to the first-eye surgery. The intraoperative pain experience has negative influence on satisfaction and willingness for second-eye cataract surgery of patients with bilateral cataracts. Intraoperative ocular pain is a complicated process induced by the nociceptors activation in the peripheral nervous system. Immunological, neuropsychological, and pharmacological factors work together in the enhancement of intraoperative pain. Accumulating published literatures have focused on the pain enhancement during the second-eye phacoemulsification surgeries. In this review, we searched PubMed database for articles associated with pain perception differences between consecutive cataract surgeries published up to Feb. 1, 2024. We summarized the recent research progress in mechanisms and interventions for pain perception enhancement in consecutive second-eye phacoemulsification cataract surgeries. This review aimed to provide novel insights into strategies for improving patients' intraoperative experience in second-eye cataract surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Luo
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Feng Yu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Xun Chen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Ji
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huai-Jin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Arora S, Goralczyk A, Andra S, Lim SYJ, Toh YC. Development of a Probability-Based In Vitro Eye Irritation Screening Platform. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:315. [PMID: 38671735 PMCID: PMC11047661 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional eye irritation assessments, which rely on animal models or ex vivo tissues, face limitations due to ethical concerns, costs, and low throughput. Although numerous in vitro tests have been developed, none have successfully reconciled the need for high experimental throughput with the accurate prediction of irritation potential, attributable to the complexity of irritation mechanisms. Simple cell models, while suitable for high-throughput screening, offer limited mechanistic insights, contrasting with more physiologically relevant but less scalable complex organotypic corneal tissue constructs. This study presents a novel strategy to enhance the predictive accuracy of screening-compatible simple cell models in eye irritation testing. Our method combines the results of two in vitro assays-cell apoptosis and nociceptor (TRPV1) activation-using micropatterned chips to partition human corneal epithelial cells into numerous discrete small populations. Following exposure to test compounds, we measure apoptosis and nociceptor activation responses. The large datasets collected from the cell micropatterns facilitate binarization and statistical fitting to calculate a mathematical probability, which assesses the compound's potential to cause eye irritation. This method potentially enables the amalgamation of multiple mechanistic readouts into a singular index, providing a more accurate and reliable prediction of eye irritation potential in a format amenable to high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seep Arora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Goralczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Sujana Andra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Soon Yew John Lim
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform, 61 Biopolis Drive, #06-20 Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore;
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (S.A.); (A.G.); (S.A.)
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
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Frutos-Rincón L, Luna C, Aleixandre-Carrera F, Velasco E, Diaz-Tahoces A, Meseguer V, Gallar J, Acosta MC. The Contribution of TRPA1 to Corneal Thermosensitivity and Blink Regulation in Young and Aged Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12620. [PMID: 37628800 PMCID: PMC10454529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of TRPA1 in the thermosensitivity of the corneal cold thermoreceptor nerve endings was studied in young and aged mice. The contribution of the TRPA1-dependent activity to basal tearing and thermally-evoked blink was also explored. The corneal cold thermoreceptors' activity was recorded extracellularly in young (5-month-old) and aged (18-month-old) C57BL/6WT (WT) and TRPA1-/- knockout (TRPA1-KO) mice at basal temperature (34 °C) and during cooling (15 °C) and heating (45 °C) ramps. The blink response to cold and heat stimulation of the ocular surface and the basal tearing rate were also measured in young animals using orbicularis oculi muscle electromyography (OOemg) and phenol red threads, respectively. The background activity at 34 °C and the cooling- and heating-evoked responses of the cold thermoreceptors were similar in WT and TRPA1-KO animals, no matter the age. Similar to the aged WT mice, in the young and aged TRPA1-KO mice, most of the cold thermoreceptors presented low frequency background activity, a low cooling threshold, and a sluggish response to heating. The amplitude and duration of the OOemg signals correlated with the magnitude of the induced thermal change in the WT but not in the TRPA1-KO mice. The basal tearing was similar in the TRPA1-KO and WT mice. The electrophysiological data suggest that the TRPA1-dependent nerve activity, which declines with age, contributes to detecting the warming of the ocular surface and also to integrating the thermally-evoked reflex blink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Frutos-Rincón
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-R.); (C.L.); (F.A.-C.); (E.V.); (A.D.-T.); (V.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Carolina Luna
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-R.); (C.L.); (F.A.-C.); (E.V.); (A.D.-T.); (V.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Fernando Aleixandre-Carrera
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-R.); (C.L.); (F.A.-C.); (E.V.); (A.D.-T.); (V.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Enrique Velasco
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-R.); (C.L.); (F.A.-C.); (E.V.); (A.D.-T.); (V.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Ariadna Diaz-Tahoces
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-R.); (C.L.); (F.A.-C.); (E.V.); (A.D.-T.); (V.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Víctor Meseguer
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-R.); (C.L.); (F.A.-C.); (E.V.); (A.D.-T.); (V.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Juana Gallar
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-R.); (C.L.); (F.A.-C.); (E.V.); (A.D.-T.); (V.M.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Acosta
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (L.F.-R.); (C.L.); (F.A.-C.); (E.V.); (A.D.-T.); (V.M.); (J.G.)
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van Setten GB. Expression of GPR-68 in Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelium. Possible indicator and mediator of attrition associated inflammation at the ocular surface. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:19-24. [PMID: 36503812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attrition and osmotic stress have been identified as major forces in the pathophysiology of dry eye. Impaired tolerance to mechano-transduction in the presence of insufficient lubrication has been associated with disturbances of ocular surface homeostasis and encouragement of inflammatory reactions, challenging the usual regulatory coping mechanisms. In spite of the probable link between enhanced attrition and secondary inflammation, the key mediators driving the vicious cycle of severe dry eye disease have not yet been identified. The goal of this study was therefore to investigate human corneal and conjunctival epithelium for the presence of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR-68. This protein had most recently been shown to be not only chemically activated but also mechanically, possibly through attrition. METHODS De-identified sections of human cornea and conjunctiva were stained for the presence of G protein-coupled receptor 68 with specific antibodies using immunohistochemical methods. Results Specific staining for G-protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68) was observed in all samples of the cornea throughout the epithelial layers of the corneal epithelium, most prominently in the area of the wing cells and the basement membrane. Even in the conjunctiva, specific staining for GPR-68 was found. DISCUSSION The detection of G protein-coupled receptor GPR-68 in human corneal and conjunctival epithelium raises the question of its function and purpose. The mechanical activation of GPR68 in situations with enhanced friction and attrition could modify various cellular functions and possibly jeopardize normal inflammatory homeostasis at the ocular surface. Accordingly, decreased lubrication in dry eye disease could result in activation of GPR-68. This could lead to secondary inflammation, initially in the epithelium and surrounding stroma. Continuous mechanical stress could result in chronic inflammation, also reaching deeper structures of the cornea, possibly making GPR-68 an important actor in the vicious cycle of dry eye disease. CONCLUSION G protein-coupled receptor GPR-68, sensitive to flow and mechanic stimulation, is present in the human corneal epithelium and conjunctiva. Decreased lubrication and increased attrition, accompanied by sensations typical for dry eye, might lead to local inflammation. It is possible that subtle signs of conjunctival, and later corneal, surface damage in the context of these sensations could be a better indicator of the need for and success of therapy than the clinical signs of dry eye disease alone, at least in the early stages of the disease. Inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor GPR-68 could represent a new strategy in the treatment of dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-B van Setten
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Ophthalmology and Vision, Lab DOHF and Wound healing, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Eugeniavägen 12, 17164 Solna, Sweden.
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Verkest C, Salinas M, Diochot S, Deval E, Lingueglia E, Baron A. Mechanisms of Action of the Peptide Toxins Targeting Human and Rodent Acid-Sensing Ion Channels and Relevance to Their In Vivo Analgesic Effects. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100709. [PMID: 36287977 PMCID: PMC9612379 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are voltage-independent H+-gated cation channels largely expressed in the nervous system of rodents and humans. At least six isoforms (ASIC1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3 and 4) associate into homotrimers or heterotrimers to form functional channels with highly pH-dependent gating properties. This review provides an update on the pharmacological profiles of animal peptide toxins targeting ASICs, including PcTx1 from tarantula and related spider toxins, APETx2 and APETx-like peptides from sea anemone, and mambalgin from snake, as well as the dimeric protein snake toxin MitTx that have all been instrumental to understanding the structure and the pH-dependent gating of rodent and human cloned ASICs and to study the physiological and pathological roles of native ASICs in vitro and in vivo. ASICs are expressed all along the pain pathways and the pharmacological data clearly support a role for these channels in pain. ASIC-targeting peptide toxins interfere with ASIC gating by complex and pH-dependent mechanisms sometimes leading to opposite effects. However, these dual pH-dependent effects of ASIC-inhibiting toxins (PcTx1, mambalgin and APETx2) are fully compatible with, and even support, their analgesic effects in vivo, both in the central and the peripheral nervous system, as well as potential effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Verkest
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Salinas
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
| | - Sylvie Diochot
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Deval
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
| | - Eric Lingueglia
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
| | - Anne Baron
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
- Correspondence:
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Transient Receptor Potential Channels: Important Players in Ocular Pain and Dry Eye Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091859. [PMID: 36145607 PMCID: PMC9506338 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder in which the eyes respond to minor stimuli with abnormal sensations, such as dryness, blurring, foreign body sensation, discomfort, irritation, and pain. Corneal pain, as one of DED’s main symptoms, has gained recognition due to its increasing prevalence, morbidity, and the resulting social burden. The cornea is the most innervated tissue in the body, and the maintenance of corneal integrity relies on a rich density of nociceptors, such as polymodal nociceptor neurons, cold thermoreceptor neurons, and mechano-nociceptor neurons. Their sensory responses to different stimulating forces are linked to the specific expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are a group of unique ion channels that play important roles as cellular sensors for various stimuli. These channels are nonselective cation channels with variable Ca2+ selectivity. TRP homologs are a superfamily of 28 different members that are subdivided into 7 different subfamilies based on differences in sequence homology. Many of these subtypes are expressed in the eye on both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, where they affect various stress-induced regulatory responses essential for normal vision maintenance. This article reviews the current knowledge about the expression, function, and regulation of TRPs in ocular surface tissues. We also describe their implication in DED and ocular pain. These findings contribute to evidence suggesting that drug-targeting TRP channels may be of therapeutic benefit in the clinical setting of ocular pain.
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Galor A, Hamrah P, Haque S, Attal N, Labetoulle M. Understanding chronic ocular surface pain: An unmet need for targeted drug therapy. Ocul Surf 2022; 26:148-156. [PMID: 35970433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ocular surface pain (COSP) may be defined as a feeling of pain, perceived as originating from the ocular surface, that persists for >3 months. COSP is a complex multifactorial condition associated with several risk factors that may significantly interfere with an individual's daily activities, resulting in poor quality of life (QoL). COSP is also likely to have a high burden on patients with substantial implications on global healthcare costs. While patients may use varied terminology to describe symptoms of COSP, any ocular surface damage in the ocular sensory apparatus (nociceptive, neuropathic, inflammatory, or combination thereof) resulting in low tear production, chronic inflammation, or nerve abnormalities (functional and/or morphological), is typically associated with COSP. Considering the heterogeneity of this condition, it is highly recommended that advanced multimodal diagnostic tools are utilized to help discern the nociceptive and neuropathic pain pathways in order to provide targeted treatment and effective clinical management. The current article provides an overview of COSP, including its multifactorial pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, clinical presentation, impact on QoL, diagnosis, current management, and unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Galor
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Centre and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Tufts Medical Centre, New England Eye Center, 260 Tremont Street Biewend Building, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nadine Attal
- CHU Paris IdF Ouest - Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, INSERM U 987 and Université Paris Saclay, France
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, 94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IMVA-HB/IDMI, CEA, Inserm U1184, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Patel S, Mittal R, Sarantopoulos KD, Galor A. Neuropathic ocular surface pain: Emerging drug targets and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:681-695. [PMID: 36069761 PMCID: PMC9613591 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysfunction at various levels of the somatosensory system can lead to ocular surface pain with a neuropathic component. Compared to nociceptive pain (due to noxious stimuli at the ocular surface), neuropathic pain tends to be chronic and refractory to therapies, making it an important source of morbidity in the population. An understanding of the options available for neuropathic ocular surface pain, including new and emerging therapies, is thus an important topic. AREAS COVERED This review will examine studies focusing on ocular surface pain, emphasizing those examining patients with a neuropathic component. Attention will be placed toward recent (after 2017) studies that have examined new and emerging therapies for neuropathic ocular surface pain. EXPERT OPINION Several therapies have been studied thus far, and continued research is needed to identify which individuals would benefit from specific therapies. Gaps in our understanding exist, especially with availability of in-clinic diagnostics for neuropathic pain. A focus on improving diagnostic capabilities and researching gene-modulating therapies could help us to provide more specific mechanism-based therapies for patients. In the meantime, continuing to uncover new modalities and examining which are likely to work depending on pain phenotype remains an important short-term goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Patel
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rhiya Mittal
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Konstantinos D. Sarantopoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Surgical services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
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Ji X, Dong K, Pu J, Yang J, Zhang Z, Ning X, Ma Q, Kang Z, Xu J, Sun B. Comparison of the ocular surface microbiota between thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy patients and healthy subjects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:914749. [PMID: 35959376 PMCID: PMC9360483 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.914749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a chronic autoimmune disease. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the diversity and composition of the ocular microbiota in patients with TAO. Methods Patients with TAO did not receive treatment for the disease and did not have exposed keratitis. Patients with TAO (TAO group) and healthy individuals (control group) were compared. All samples were swabbed at the conjunctival vault of the lower eyelid. The V3 to V4 region of the 16S rDNA was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 Sequencing Platform. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the differences between the groups and the correlation between ocular surface microbiota and the disease. The ocular surface microbiota of patients and healthy individuals were cultured. Results The ocular surface microbiota structure of TAO patients changed significantly. The average relative abundance of Bacillus and Brevundimonas increased significantly in the TAO group. Corynebacterium had a significantly decreased relative abundance (P<0.05). Paracoccus, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with the severity of clinical manifestations or disease activity (P<0.05). Bacillus cereus and other opportunistic pathogens were obtained by culture from TAO patients. Conclusions This study found that the composition of ocular microbiota in patients with TAO was significantly different from that in healthy individuals. The ocular surface opportunistic pathogens, such as Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Paracoccus, and Haemophilus in TAO patients, increase the potential risk of ocular surface infection. The findings of this study provide a new avenue of research into the mechanism of ocular surface in TAO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ji
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kui Dong
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ning
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiming Kang
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Sun,
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López-Cano JJ, González-Cela-Casamayor MA, Andrés-Guerrero V, Vicario-de-la-Torre M, Benítez Del Castillo JM, Herrero-Vanrell R, Molina-Martínez IT. Development of an osmoprotective microemulsion as a therapeutic platform for ocular surface protection. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121948. [PMID: 35752388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-emulsified osmoprotective ophthalmic microemulsions (O/A) were prepared by combining betaine/leucine, clusterin/oleanolic acid, and hyaluronic acid or Dextran. The microemulsions contained an internal oily phase (1.2%), an external aqueous phase (96.3%), cosolvents (1%), and surfactants (1.5%). Physicochemical characterization and in vivo and in vitro tolerance were analyzed. The formulations' osmoprotective in vitro activity was assayed in a hyperosmolar model in human corneal cells. Average internal phase sizes were 16-26 nm for the microemulsions including Dextran. Addition of hyaluronic acid increased the size range (25-39 nm). Addition of osmoprotectants did not change nanodroplet size. The formulations were isotonic (280-290 mOsm/L) with neutral pH (≈7) and zeta potential (-10 to 0 mV), low surface tension (≈35-40mN·m-1), and low viscosity (≈1 mPa·s), except for the microemulsions containing hyaluronic acid (≈4-5 mPa·s). SEM and cryo-TEM showed that all formulations exhibited sphere-shaped morphology with good cell tolerance (≈100%) and were stable at 8 °C for 9 months. Osmoprotective formulations were well tolerated in vitro and in vivo, protecting cells from hypertonic stress. We therefore developed stable microemulsions compatible with the ocular surface that could constitute a novel tool for treatment of ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J López-Cano
- Ophthalmology Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - M A González-Cela-Casamayor
- Ophthalmology Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - V Andrés-Guerrero
- Ophthalmology Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - M Vicario-de-la-Torre
- Ophthalmology Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J M Benítez Del Castillo
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain; Ocular Surface and Inflammation Unit, Ophthalmology Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - R Herrero-Vanrell
- Ophthalmology Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - I T Molina-Martínez
- Ophthalmology Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain.
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