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Ooi SL, Micalos PS, Kim J, Pak SC. Rice bran arabinoxylan compound as a natural product for cancer treatment - an evidence-based assessment of the effects and mechanisms. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:367-393. [PMID: 38745507 PMCID: PMC11097709 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2349042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a natural immunomodulator with anticancer properties. OBJECTIVE This study critically evaluates the available evidence on the biological pathways of RBAC and its effects on cancer treatment. METHODS This secondary analysis of a scoping review includes studies evaluating the mechanisms of RBAC on healthy or malignant cells, animal models, or humans for cancer prevention or treatment. Data from randomized controlled trials on survival and quality of life outcomes were subjectd to meta analysis. RESULTS The evidence synthesis was based on 38 articles. RBAC exhibited antitumor properties by promoting apoptosis and restoring immune function in cancer patients to enhance inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to block tumorigenesis. RBAC works synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents by upregulating drug transport. In a clinical trial, combining RBAC with chemoembolization in treating liver cancer showed improved response, reduced recurrence rates, and prolonged survival. RBAC also augments the endogenous antioxidant system to prevent oxidative stress and protect against radiation side effects. In addition, RBAC has chemoprotective effects. Animals and humans have exhibited reduced toxicity and side effects from chemotherapy. Meta analysis indicates that RBAC treatment increases the survival odds by 4.02-times (95% CI: 1.67, 9.69) in the first year and 2.89-times (95% CI: 1.56, 5.35) in the second year. CONCLUSION RBAC is a natural product with immense potential in cancer treatment. Additional research is needed to characterize, quantify, and standardize the active ingredients in RBAC responsible for the anticancer effects. More well-designed, large-scale clinical trials are required to substantiate the treatment efficacies further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst,Australia
| | - Peter S. Micalos
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, Australia
| | - Jeanman Kim
- STR Biotech Co. Ltd, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst,Australia
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Khezri S, Azizian S, Salimi A. Pre-mating exposure with hesperidin protects N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced neurotoxicity and congenital abnormalities in next generation of mice as a model of glioma. J Mol Histol 2024:10.1007/s10735-024-10218-0. [PMID: 38916842 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Chemical carcinogen-induced oxidative stress has a key role in cell signaling linked to the development of cancer. Oxidative stress leads to oxidative damage to cellular membranes, proteins, chromosomes and genetic material. It is thought that compounds like hesperidin with high antioxidant and anticancer potential can reduce development of cancer induced by chemical carcinogens via neutralizing their oxidative damages. We investigated protective effect of hesperidin against N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU)-induced neurotoxicity, congenital abnormalities and possible brain cancer after exposure of mice during pregnancy as model of glioma. The mice were divided to four groups; control (normal saline), ENU (40 mg/kg daily for three consecutive days from the 17th to the 19th of pregnancy), hesperidin (pretreated with 25 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days, before mating) + ENU and hesperidin alone. Developmental toxicity parameters (the number of pregnant mice, stillbirths, abortion, live and dead offspring), behavioral tests (novel object recognition, open field and elevated plus maze) were performed. Moreover, the activity of butrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes, oxidative markers and histopathological abnormalities were detected in brain tissue. Our data showed that conversely, the pretreatment of hesperidin reduces various degrees of developmental toxicity, neurobehavioral dysfunction, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and histopathological abnormalities induced by ENU as a neurotoxic and carcinogenic agent in the next generation. In conclusion, pre-mating exposure with hesperidin may open new avenues for prevention of primary brain cancer in next generation and could be valuable for enhancing the antioxidant defense and minimizing the developmental and neurotoxicity of DNA alkylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sepideh Azizian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Iftode C, Iurciuc S, Marcovici I, Macasoi I, Coricovac D, Dehelean C, Ursoniu S, Rusu A, Ardelean S. Genistein-Aspirin Combination Exerts Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:606. [PMID: 38792627 PMCID: PMC11122532 DOI: 10.3390/life14050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogenous pathology with high incidence and mortality rates globally, but it is also preventable so finding the most promising candidates (natural compounds or repurposed drugs) to be chemopreventive alternatives has become a topic of interest in recent years. The present work aims to elucidate the potential effects of a combination between genistein (GEN), an isoflavone of natural origin, and aspirin (ASA) in CRC prevention/treatment by performing an in vitro evaluation in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) and an in ovo analysis using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Cell viability was verified by an MTT (migratory potential by scratch) assay, and the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed using RT-qPCR. Our results indicated a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of ASA (2.5 mM) + GEN (10-75 µM) combination characterized by reduced cell viability and morphological changes (actin skeleton reorganization and nuclei deterioration), an inhibition of HCT-116 cells' migratory potential by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions, and an antiangiogenic effect by modifying the vascular network. These promising results raise the possibility of future in-depth investigations regarding the chemopreventive/therapeutical potential of ASA+GEN combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Iftode
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.); (S.U.)
| | - Stela Iurciuc
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.); (S.U.)
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.); (S.U.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Rusu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Revolutiei Bvd 94, 310130 Arad, Romania; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Simona Ardelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Revolutiei Bvd 94, 310130 Arad, Romania; (A.R.); (S.A.)
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He Y, Yue J, Teng Y, Fan Z, Jia M, Teng H, Zhuge L. Tryptanthrin promotes pressure ulcers healing in mice by inhibiting macrophage-mediated inflammation via cGAS/STING pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111687. [PMID: 38382260 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure ulcers (PUs) is ischemic necrosis caused by long-term local tissue pressure, directly affecting postoperative functional recovery. There is evidence that inflammation has an adverse impact on the development of PUs and contributes to unfavorable outcomes, suggesting that blocking the inflammatory response may be a promising therapeutic strategy for PUs. Tryptanthrin (Tryp), a natural product isolated from indigenous plants, has an anti-inflammatory biological function. However, the efficacy of Tryp in PUs remains unclear. METHODS Efficacy of Tryp suppressed inflammation was assessed using magnets-induced PUs model in mice. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, masson staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the histologic changes after the formation of PUs. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was detected by qRT-PCR. And we detected the expression of protein by Western blotting. RESULTS Tryp could promote wound healing, such as epidermal thickening, revascularization, and nerve regeneration. Then the treatment of Tryp was able to promote fibroblast migration and collagen deposition. Moreover, Tryp attenuated inflammation through inducing macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype by suppressing the activation of cGAS-STING pathway. CONCLUSION Tryp could reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines, and induce RAW 264.7 polarization to M2 phenotype by targeting cGAS/STING/TBK1 pathways. In summary, Tryp may be a novel medicine for the treatment of PUs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhi He
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juanqing Yue
- (Department of Pathology) Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwei Teng
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziwei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengxian Jia
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honglin Teng
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linmin Zhuge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Masłyk M, Lenard T, Olech M, Martyna A, Poniewozik M, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Kochanowicz E, Czubak P, Kubiński K. Ceratophyllum demersum the submerged macrophyte from the mining subsidence reservoir Nadrybie Poland as a source of anticancer agents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6661. [PMID: 38509188 PMCID: PMC10954700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquatic plants are a rich source of health-beneficial substances. One of such organisms is the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum, which has not been sufficiently studied in this aspect so far. In this work, we have studied environmental conditions prevailing in a subsidence mining reservoir in Eastern Poland and shown that C. demersum can be harvested for further analysis even from artificial anthropogenic reservoirs. The phytochemical analysis of C. demersum ethanolic extract using LC-MS revealed high content of phenolic compounds (18.50 mg/g) (mainly flavonoids, 16.09 mg/g), including those that have not yet been identified in this plant, namely isorhamnetin, sakuranetin, taxifolin, and eriodictyol. Such rich flavonoid content is most likely responsible for the anticancer activity of the C. demersum extract, which was targeted especially at neoplastic cells of gastrointestinal tract origin. The flow cytometry analysis of treated cells showed an increased percentage of late apoptotic and necrotic cells. The fish embryo toxicity (FET) test showed safety of the extract towards Danio rerio fish up to the concentration of 225 µg/ml. This study has shown that the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum can be taken into consideration as a rich source of a set of anticancer agents with chemopreventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Masłyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Ul. Konstantynów 1I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lenard
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Ul. Konstantynów 1I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Olech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Martyna
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Ul. Konstantynów 1I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poniewozik
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Ul. Konstantynów 1I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Boguszewska-Czubara
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Ul. Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kochanowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Ul. Konstantynów 1I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Czubak
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Ul. Konstantynów 1I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Kubiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Ul. Konstantynów 1I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
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Kassem NM, Abdelmegid YA, El-Sayed MK, Sayed RS, Abdel-Aalla MH, Kassem HA. Nutrigenomics and microbiome shaping the future of personalized medicine: a review article. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:134. [PMID: 37993702 PMCID: PMC10665279 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between nutrition and genes has long been hinted at and sometimes plainly associated with certain diseases. Now, after many years of research and coincidental findings, it is believed that this relationship, termed "Nutrigenomics," is certainly a factor of major importance in various conditions. In this review article, we discuss nutrigenomics, starting with basics definitions and enzymatic functions and ending with its palpable association with cancer. Now, diet is basically what we eat on a daily basis. Everything that enters through our alimentary tract ends up broken down to minute molecules and amino acids. These molecules interact with our microbiome and genome in discreet ways. For instance, we demonstrate how proper intake of probiotics enhances beneficial bacteria and may alleviate IBS and prevent colorectal cancer on the long term. We also show how a diet rich in folic acid is essential for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) function, which lowers risk of colorectal cancer. Also, we discuss how certain diets were associated with development of certain cancers. For example, red and processed meat are highly associated with colorectal and prostate cancer, salty diets with stomach cancer, and obesity with breast cancer. The modification of these diets significantly lowered the risk and improved prognosis of these cancers among many others. We also examined how micronutrients had a role in cancer prevention, as vitamin A and C exert anti-carcinogenic effects through their function as antioxidants. In addition, we show how folic acid prevent DNA mutations by enhancing protein methylation processes. Finally, after a systematic review of myriad articles on the etiology and prevention of cancer, we think that diet should be a crucial feature in cancer prevention and treatment programs. In the future, healthy diets and micronutrients may even be able to successively alter the liability to genetic mutations that result in cancer. It also will play a role in boosting treatment and improving prognosis of diagnosed cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neemat M Kassem
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Kasr Al Ainy Centre of Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud K El-Sayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana S Sayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Abdel-Aalla
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah A Kassem
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Kasr Al Ainy Centre of Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Casarcia N, Rogers P, Guld E, Iyer S, Li Y, Burcher JT, DeLiberto LK, Banerjee S, Bishayee A. Phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer: Current progress and future prospects. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37740585 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, owing to its aggressive nature and suboptimal treatment options, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Emerging studies have exhibited promising results regarding the therapeutic utility of plant-derived compounds (phytochemicals) in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential of phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was applied to collect articles for this review. Scholarly databases, including PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, were queried for relevant studies using the following keywords: phytochemicals, phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, sulfur-containing compounds, in vitro, in vivo, clinical studies, pancreatic cancer, tumour, treatment and prevention. Aggregate results pooled from qualified studies indicate phytochemicals can inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth or decrease tumour size and volume in animal models. These effects have been attributed to various mechanisms, such as increasing proapoptotic factors, decreasing antiapoptotic factors, or inducing cell death and cell cycle arrest. Notable signalling pathways modulated by phytochemicals include the rat sarcoma/mitogen activated protein kinase, wingless-related integration site/β-catenin and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signal transduction pathways. Clinically, phytochemicals have been found to increase survival while being well-tolerated and safe, though research is scarce. While these promising results have produced great interest in this field, further in-depth studies are required to characterize the anticancer activities of phytochemicals before they can be utilized to prevent or treat pancreatic cancer in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Casarcia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick Rogers
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Emma Guld
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Samvit Iyer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Yutong Li
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Jack T Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsay K DeLiberto
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Abbasinia H, Heshmati M, Yousefi M, Najjar N, Sadeghi H. Silymarin-Loaded Tin(IV) Nanoparticles Exhibit Enhanced Bioavailability and Antiproliferative Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3768-3777. [PMID: 37608575 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin (SM) exhibits potential therapeutic effects due to having antioxidant activity. However, the low solubility and bioavailability of SM restrict its biological performance. To overcome this limitation, this study aimed to develop a nanoformulation composed of SM and dimethyltindichloride and investigate the effect of SM-loaded Sn nanoparticles on cancer cell growth and survival. An SM-Sn complex was synthesized and then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), EDS-MAP, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and ζ-potential analysis. After that, the SW480 colorectal cancer cell line was treated with different concentrations of SM and the SM-Sn complex. Cell viability was examined through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, analyzing apoptosis, and live-dead assay. The lipid peroxidation rate was assessed through the measurement of thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and cell population in the cell cycle were measured using a flow cytometry instrument. To evaluate the colonization ability of SW480 cells, a colony formation assay was performed. Gene expression analysis was also conducted using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The findings of this study revealed the effectiveness of the SM-Sn complex in decreasing SW480 cell viability by inducing cell death-associated mechanisms. We found that the SM-Sn complex increases intracellular ROS level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. It was also revealed that the SM-Sn complex induces cell cycle arrest and the expression of apoptotic genes. In addition, the SM-Sn complex could effectively hinder SW480 cells from constituting colonies. We conclude that the use of tin(IV) as a scaffold for enhanced delivery of SM could be considered an efficient option for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Abbasinia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 1949635881 Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Heshmati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 1949635881 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 1913674711 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabaa Najjar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Sadeghi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 1648745854 Tehran, Iran
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Shaikh ZM, Bhatia N, Aradhye P, Anbarasu A, Gawde J, Thorat R, Mahimkar MB. Thearubigins/Polymeric black tea polyphenols (PBPs) do not prevent benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) induced lung tumors in A/J mice. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:5826-5834. [PMID: 37854224 PMCID: PMC10579030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previously we have demonstrated the chemopreventive effect of Thearubigins/Polymeric Black-tea Polyphenols (PBPs) upon pre-treatment to a combination of carcinogens, that is, Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) which are present in Tobacco smoke (TS). However, the chemopreventive effect in response to B[a]P as a single carcinogen remains unexplored. B[a]P is a universal carcinogen and an important constituent of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) found in the environment and in TS. METHODS We investigated the pre-treatment of Thearubigins/PBPs as a chemopreventive agent at three doses (1.5, 5, 10%) against B[a]P-induced lung carcinogenesis at early & late time points. We also investigated the effect of PBPs at early time points to understand molecular changes by employing western blotting in xenobiotic metabolism pathways, DNA damage, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation as they are modulated in response to carcinogens. We used 6-8 weeks male A/J mice for tumorigenicty and western blotting to probe the molecular biomarkers. RESULTS We report no decrease in tumor incidence and multiplicity upon pre and concurrent treatment of Thearubigins/PBPs. Further, we also report no changes in molecular markers at early time points, in agreement with former observations. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chemopreventive agents need to be tested with different combinations of carcinogens and regimens to fully understand the complex interplay between carcinogenesis and the efficacy of chemopreventive agents. Studies like these will provide meaningful data before initiating large-scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid M Shaikh
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial CentreNavi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School ComplexAnushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nirav Bhatia
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial CentreNavi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasad Aradhye
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial CentreNavi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amarnath Anbarasu
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial CentreNavi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jitendra Gawde
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC)Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC)Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj B Mahimkar
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial CentreNavi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School ComplexAnushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
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Ren L, Cespedes-Acuña CL, Zhang J. Editorial: Phytochemicals and therapeutic targets: their interactions and effects on health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1269404. [PMID: 37680897 PMCID: PMC10482251 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1269404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Radulski DR, Stipp MC, Galindo CM, Acco A. Features and applications of Ehrlich tumor model in cancer studies: a literature review. TRANSLATIONAL BREAST CANCER RESEARCH : A JOURNAL FOCUSING ON TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN BREAST CANCER 2023; 4:22. [PMID: 38751464 PMCID: PMC11093101 DOI: 10.21037/tbcr-23-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, responsible for a large number of deaths, especially among women. Therapeutic options for breast cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy, but further studies of the pathogenesis of this disease and new treatments are still needed. In vitro and in vivo cancer models are important research tools. Murine Ehrlich tumors are one of these models, especially for hormone-positive breast cancer. The present narrative review discusses characteristics of the Ehrlich tumor model, laboratory manipulations of Ehrlich cells (ECs), and applications in pharmacological, pathological, and translational studies. Methods This review was based on scientific articles, books, and theses on Ehrlich tumors. We searched the PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, Google, and Clarivate databases. Key Content and Findings Hormone-positive ECs produce solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) and ascitic Ehrlich carcinoma (AEC), with different features and applications. The presence of SEC or AEC induces systemic and immunological alterations that are similar to cancer in humans, what makes this model applicable to different studies in the cancer field. Conclusions Ehrlich tumors are a relevant tool for improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of breast cancer and investigating the tumor microenvironment, side effects of therapies, and new treatment options. Despite some limitations, such as the absence of an invasive phenotype to produce metastasis, both SEC and AEC are relevant in preclinical and translational studies of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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12
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Esquivel-Chirino C, Bolaños-Carrillo MA, Carmona-Ruiz D, Lopéz-Macay A, Hernández-Sánchez F, Montés-Sánchez D, Escuadra-Landeros M, Gaitán-Cepeda LA, Maldonado-Frías S, Yáñez-Ocampo BR, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Laparra-Escareño H, Mejía-Velázquez CP, Zentella-Dehesa A. The Protective Role of Cranberries and Blueberries in Oral Cancer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2330. [PMID: 37375955 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer has a high prevalence worldwide, and this disease is caused by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The main risk factors associated with oral cancer are smoking and alcohol. RESULTS There are various strategies to reduce risk factors, including prevention programs as well as the consumption of an adequate diet that includes phytochemical compounds derived from cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon A.) and blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.); these compounds exhibit antitumor properties. RESULTS The main outcome of this review is as follows: the properties of phytochemicals derived from cranberries were evaluated for protection against risk factors associated with oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS The secondary metabolites of cranberries promote biological effects that provide protection against smoking and alcoholism. An alternative for the prevention of oral cancer can be the consumption of these cranberries and blueberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Esquivel-Chirino
- Área de Básicas Médicas, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Augusto Bolaños-Carrillo
- Área de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Bachillerato, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Guadalajara Sur, Guadalajara 045601, Mexico
| | - Daniela Carmona-Ruiz
- Área de Ortodoncia, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ambar Lopéz-Macay
- Laboratorio de Liquído Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Virología y Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México 04502, Mexico
| | - Delina Montés-Sánchez
- Investigación Biomédica Básica, Licenciatura en Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 75770, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Alberto Gaitán-Cepeda
- Departamento de Medicina y Patología Oral Clínica, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Maldonado-Frías
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04360, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Raquel Yáñez-Ocampo
- Especialidad en Periodoncia e Implantología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Luis Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Hugo Laparra-Escareño
- Departamento de Cirugía, Sección de Cirugía Vascular y Terapia, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia Patricia Mejía-Velázquez
- Departamento de Patología, Medicina Bucal y Maxilofacial, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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13
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Fayed MAA, Bakr RO, Yosri N, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR, Hamdan DI, Refaey MS. Chemical profiling and cytotoxic potential of the n-butanol fraction of Tamarix nilotica flowers. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:169. [PMID: 37226153 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer represents one of the biggest healthcare issues confronting humans and one of the big challenges for scientists in trials to dig into our nature for new remedies or to develop old ones with fewer side effects. Halophytes are widely distributed worldwide in areas of harsh conditions in dunes, and inland deserts, where, to cope with those conditions they synthesize important secondary metabolites highly valued in the medical field. Several Tamarix species are halophytic including T.nilotica which is native to Egypt, with a long history in its tradition, found in its papyri and in folk medicine to treat various ailments. METHODS LC-LTQ-MS-MS analysis and 1H-NMR were used to identify the main phytoconstituents in the n- butanol fraction of T.nilotica flowers. The extract was tested in vitro for its cytotoxic effect against breast (MCF-7) and liver cell carcinoma (Huh-7) using SRB assay. RESULTS T.nilotica n-butanol fraction of the flowers was found to be rich in phenolic content, where, LC-LTQ-MS-MS allowed the tentative identification of thirty-nine metabolites, based on the exact mass, the observed spectra fragmentation patterns, and the literature data, varying between tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. 1H-NMR confirmed the classes tentatively identified. The in-vitro evaluation of the n-butanol fraction showed lower activity on MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 > 100 µg/mL, while the higher promising effect was against Huh-7 cell lines with an IC50= 37 µg/mL. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that T.nilotica flowers' n-butanol fraction is representing a promising cytotoxic candidate against liver cell carcinoma having potential phytoconstituents with variable targets and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A A Fayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt.
| | - Riham O Bakr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Yosri
- Chemistry Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (RIMAP), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210024, China
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 591, 751 24, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, 32512, Egypt
| | - Dalia I Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Refaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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Palma VDM, Koerich Laureano N, Frank LA, Rados PV, Visioli F. Chemoprevention in oral leukoplakia: challenges and current landscape. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1191347. [PMID: 37293562 PMCID: PMC10244562 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1191347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders have the potential to transform into oral cancer. Oral leukoplakia is a prevalent OPMD with a 9.8% malignant transformation rate. The standard management for OL involves surgical excision, but its efficacy in preventing clinical recurrence and malignant transformation is limited. Therefore, alternative strategies such as chemoprevention modalities have emerged as a promising approach to inhibit the carcinogenesis process. The aim of this review was to identify human studies that investigated the effectiveness of chemopreventive agents in preventing the progression of oral leukoplakia and to provide guidance for future research. Several systemic and topical agents have been evaluated for their potential chemopreventive effects in oral leukoplakia. Systemic agents that have been investigated include vitamin A, lycopene, celecoxib, green tea extract, ZengShengPing, Bowman Birk inhibitor, beta-carotene, curcumin, erlotinib, and metformin. In addition, topical agents tested include bleomycin, isotretinoin, ONYX-015 mouthwash, ketorolac, and dried black raspberry. Despite numerous agents that have already been tested, evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited. To improve the search for an ideal chemopreventive agent for oral leukoplakia, we propose several strategies that can be implemented. Oral leukoplakia chemoprevention presents a promising opportunity for decreasing the incidence of oral cancer. Identifying new chemopreventive agents and biomarkers for predicting treatment response should be a focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor de Mello Palma
- Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natalia Koerich Laureano
- Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza Abrahão Frank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pantelis Varvaki Rados
- Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Center Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Mad-adam N, Madla S, Lailerd N, Hiransai P, Graidist P. Piper nigrum Extract: Dietary Supplement for Reducing Mammary Tumor Incidence and Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity. Foods 2023; 12:2053. [PMID: 37238871 PMCID: PMC10216990 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A low piperine fractional Piper nigrum extract (PFPE) was prepared by mixing cold-pressed coconut oil and honey in distilled water, namely, PFPE-CH. In this study, PFPE-CH was orally administered as a dietary supplement to decrease the risk of tumor formation and reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs during breast cancer treatment. The toxicity study demonstrated no mortality or adverse effects after administrating PFPE-CH at 5000 mg/kg during a 14-day observation period. Additionally, PFPE-CH at 86 mg/kg BW/day did not cause any harm to the kidney or liver function of the rats for six months. In a cancer prevention study, treatment with PFPE-CH at 100 mg/kg BW for 101 days induced oxidative stress and increased the immune response by altering the levels of cancer-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-g), leading to a reduction in the tumor incidence of up to 71.4% without any adverse effects. In combination with doxorubicin, PFPE-CH did not disrupt the anticancer effects of the drug in rats with mammary tumors. Surprisingly, PFPE-CH reduced chemotherapy-induced toxicity by improving some hematological and biochemical parameters. Therefore, our results suggest that PFPE-CH is safe and effective in reducing breast tumor incidence and toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs during cancer treatment in mammary tumor rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeeya Mad-adam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Siribhon Madla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Poonsit Hiransai
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Marijuana, Hemp, and Kratom, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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16
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Bulanda S, Janoszka B. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Roasted Pork Meat and the Effect of Dried Fruits on PAH Content. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4922. [PMID: 36981831 PMCID: PMC10049194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Diet is one of the main factors affecting human health. The frequent consumption of heat-treated meat has been classified as both directly carcinogenic to humans and as a risk factor, especially in the case of cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Thermally processed meat may contain harmful muta- and carcinogenic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, there are natural ways to reduce the risk of diet-related cancers by reducing the formation of PAHs in meat. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in PAH levels in pork loin dishes prepared by stuffing the meat with dried fruits (prunes, apricots and cranberries) and baking it in a roasting bag. High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was used to conduct a quantitative analysis of seven PAHs. Recovery results ranged from 61 to 96%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.003 to 0.006 ng/g, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 to 0.02 ng/g. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to confirm the presence of PAHs in food. The total PAH content of the roasted pork loin was 7.4 ng/g. This concentration decreased by 35%, 48% and 58% when the meat was roasted with apricots, prunes and cranberries, respectively. The cranberries also inhibited the formation of benzo(a)pyrene to the greatest extent. Thermally treating meat stuffed with dry fruits may be a simple and effective way to prepare foods with reduced levels of mutagens and carcinogens belonging to PAHs, and thus reduce the risk of cancer.
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17
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Santin (5,7-Dihydroxy-3,6,4'-Trimetoxy-Flavone) Enhances TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020592. [PMID: 36836951 PMCID: PMC9962120 DOI: 10.3390/life13020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL (Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) has the ability to selectively kill cancer cells without being toxic to normal cells. This endogenous ligand plays an important role in surveillance and anti-tumor immunity. However, numerous tumor cells are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this study, the apoptotic effect of santin in combination with TRAIL on colon cancer cells was examined. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and expression of death receptors (TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5). Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was evaluated by DePsipher staining with the use of fluorescence microscopy. We have shown for the first time that flavonoid santin synergizes with TRAIL to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Santin induced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through increased expression of death receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 and augmented disruption of the mitochondrial membrane in SW480 and SW620 cancer cells. The obtained data may indicate the potential role of santin in colon cancer chemoprevention through the enhancement of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
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18
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Zunica ERM, Axelrod CL, Kirwan JP. Phytochemical Targeting of Mitochondria for Breast Cancer Chemoprevention, Therapy, and Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214152. [PMID: 36430632 PMCID: PMC9692881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common and deadly disease that causes tremendous physical, emotional, and financial burden on patients and society. Early-stage breast cancer and less aggressive subtypes have promising prognosis for patients, but in aggressive subtypes, and as cancers progress, treatment options and responses diminish, dramatically decreasing survival. Plants are nutritionally rich and biologically diverse organisms containing thousands of metabolites, some of which have chemopreventive, therapeutic, and sensitizing properties, providing a rich source for drug discovery. In this study we review the current landscape of breast cancer with a central focus on the potential role of phytochemicals for treatment, management, and disease prevention. We discuss the relevance of phytochemical targeting of mitochondria for improved anti-breast cancer efficacy. We highlight current applications of phytochemicals and derivative structures that display anti-cancer properties and modulate cancer mitochondria, while describing future applicability and identifying areas of promise.
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Multi-Target Potential of Berberine as an Antineoplastic and Antimetastatic Agent: A Special Focus on Lung Cancer Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213433. [PMID: 36359829 PMCID: PMC9655513 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advancements, lung cancer remains the principal cause of cancer mortality in a global scenario. The increased incidence of tumor reoccurrence and progression and the highly metastatic nature of lung cancer are of great concern and hence require the investigation of novel therapies and/or medications. Naturally occurring compounds from plants serve as important resources for novel drugs for cancer therapy. Amongst these phytochemicals, Berberine, an alkaloid, has been extensively explored as a potential natural anticancer therapeutic agent. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of Berberine in inhibiting cancer growth and progression mediated via several different mechanisms, which include cell cycle arrest, inducing cell death by apoptosis and autophagy, inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion, as well as regulating the expression of microRNA, telomerase activity, and the tumor microenvironment, which usually varies for different cancer types. In this review, we aim to provide a better understanding of molecular insights of Berberine and its various derivative-induced antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects against lung cancer. In conclusion, the Berberine imparts its anticancer efficacy against lung cancers via modulation of several signaling pathways involved in cancer cell viability and proliferation, as well as migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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Polyphenols as Potent Epigenetics Agents for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911712. [PMID: 36233012 PMCID: PMC9570183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diseases such as cancer can be caused by aberrant epigenetic regulation. Polyphenols play a major role in mammalian epigenome regulation through mechanisms and proteins that remodel chromatin. In fruits, seeds, and vegetables, as well as food supplements, polyphenols are found. Compounds such as these ones are powerful anticancer agents and antioxidants. Gallic acid, kaempferol, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol, among others, have potent anti-tumor effects by helping reverse epigenetic changes associated with oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. The role dietary polyphenols plays in restoring epigenetic alterations in cancer cells with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications was summarized. We also discussed how these natural compounds modulate gene expression at the epigenetic level and described their molecular targets in cancer. It highlights the potential of polyphenols as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer since they modulate epigenetic activity.
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Herdiana Y, Wathoni N, Shamsuddin S, Muchtaridi M. Cytotoxicity Enhancement in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells with Depolymerized Chitosan Delivery of α-Mangostin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153139. [PMID: 35956654 PMCID: PMC9371181 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of α-mangostin (AMG) in breast cancer research has wide intentions. Chitosan-based nanoparticles (CSNPs) have attractive prospects for developing anticancer drugs, especially in their high flexibility for modification to enhance their anticancer action. This research aimed to study the impact of depolymerized chitosan (CS) on the cytotoxicity enhancement of AMG in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. CSNPs effectivity depends on size, shape, crystallinity degree, and charge surface. Modifying CS molecular weight (MW) is expected to influence CSNPs’ characteristics, impacting size, shape, crystallinity degree, and charge surface. CSNPs are developed using the method of ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinker and spray pyrolysis procedure. Nanoparticles’ (NPs) sizes vary from 205.3 ± 81 nm to 450.9 ± 235 nm, ZP charges range from +10.56 mV to +51.56 mV, and entrapment efficiency from 85.35% to 90.45%. The morphology of NPs are all the same spherical forms. In vitro release studies confirmed that AMG–Chitosan–High Molecular Weight (AMG–CS–HMW) and AMG–Chitosan–Low Molecular Weight (AMG–CS–LMW) had a sustained-release system profile. MW has a great influence on surface, drug release, and cytotoxicity enhancement of AMG in CSNPs to MCF-7 cancer cells. The preparations AMG–CS–HMW and AMG–CS–LMW NPs considerably enhanced the cytotoxicity of MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 5.90 ± 0.08 µg/mL and 4.90 ± 0.16 µg/mL, respectively, as compared with the non-nano particle formulation with an IC50 of 8.47 ± 0.29 µg/mL. These findings suggest that CSNPs can enhance the physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxicity of AMG in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
- Nanobiotech Research Initiative, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration on Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (M.M.)
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22
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Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133278. [PMID: 35805049 PMCID: PMC9265746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequently diagnosed kidney cancer. Once RCC metastasizes, successful treatment is difficult to achieve. There is an apparent need for novel approaches to prevent and treat RCC. Phytochemicals are naturally derived compounds gaining increasing scientific interest due to their cancer preventive and chemotherapeutic properties. These phytochemicals have been shown to exhibit a multitude of anticancer effects against RCC. In this systematic review, we critically evaluate the potential these natural compounds possess for the prevention and treatment of RCC and discuss the future implications this may have in the fight against kidney cancer. Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with about 90% of renal malignancies, and its incidence is increasing globally. Plant-derived compounds have gained significant attention in the scientific community for their preventative and therapeutic effects on cancer. To evaluate the anticancer potential of phytocompounds for RCC, we compiled a comprehensive and systematic review of the available literature. Our work was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. The literature search was performed using scholarly databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect and keywords such as renal cell carcinoma, phytochemicals, cancer, tumor, proliferation, apoptosis, prevention, treatment, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Based on in vitro results, various phytochemicals, such as phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds, suppressed cell viability, proliferation and growth, showed cytotoxic activity, inhibited invasion and migration, and enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in RCC. In various animal tumor models, phytochemicals suppressed renal tumor growth, reduced tumor size, and hindered angiogenesis and metastasis. The relevant antineoplastic mechanisms involved upregulation of caspases, reduction in cyclin activity, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via modulation of a plethora of cell signaling pathways. Clinical studies demonstrated a reduced risk for the development of kidney cancer and enhancement of the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Both preclinical and clinical studies displayed significant promise of utilizing phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of RCC. Further research, confirming the mechanisms and regulatory pathways, along with randomized controlled trials, are needed to establish the use of phytochemicals in clinical practice.
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Ullah R, Rehman NU, Jamshidi-Adegani F, Bari A. Editorial: Medicinal Plants and Marine-Derived Natural Products as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900275. [PMID: 35721167 PMCID: PMC9205221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Ullah
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural Products Laboratory, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Fatemeh Jamshidi-Adegani
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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