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Huang A, Xu X, Tang L, Huang L, Li J, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Wang L, Zhang Q, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu Q, Liu S, Yin Z, Wang F. Acceptance and willingness to pay for DTaP-HBV-IPV-Hib hexavalent vaccine among parents: A cross-sectional survey in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2333098. [PMID: 38619056 PMCID: PMC11020590 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2333098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
DTaP-HBV-IPV-Hib hexavalent vaccine has been used in high-income countries for many years to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, and invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. Currently, no hexavalent vaccines have been approved for use in China. Evidence of parental acceptance and interest in hexavalent vaccines can help policy makers and manufacturers make decisions about entering the vaccine market and the immunization program in China. We measured parental acceptance and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a hexavalent vaccine to provide such evidence. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of children's caregivers in 16 vaccination clinics in seven cities in China and obtained information on socio-demographics, knowledge of disease, confidence in vaccines, previous vaccination experience, and acceptance of and WTP for hexavalent vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors influencing acceptance, and multivariate tobit regression was used to identify factors impacting WTP. Between April 28 and June 30, 2023, a total of 581 parents of children aged 0-6 years participated in the survey; 435 (74.87%, 95% CI:71.3%-78.4%) parents indicated acceptance of hexavalent vaccine. Residence location, parents' education level, experience paying for vaccination, and disease knowledge scores were key factors affecting parents' choices for vaccination. Mean (SD) and median (IQR) willingness to pay for full 4-dose course vaccination were 2266.66 (1177.1) CNY and 2400 (1600-2800) CNY. Children's age (p < .001), parents' education level (p = .024), and perceived price barriers (p < .001) were significantly associated with WTP. Parents have high acceptance and willingness to pay for hexavalent vaccine. The less money parents have to pay out of pocket, the more willing they can be to accept the vaccine. Therefore, acceptance may increase even further if the vaccine is covered by medical insurance, provided free of charge by the government, or if its price is reduced. Our results provide reference for optimizing and adjusting immunization strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aodi Huang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Xu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Huang
- Department of National Immunization Programe, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of National Immunization Programe, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajie Liu
- Department of National Immunization Programe, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of National Immunization Programe, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingling Zhang
- Department of National Immunization Programe, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of National Immunization Programe, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zemei Zhou
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zundong Yin
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fuzhen Wang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Yu F, Jiao L, Chen Q, Wang Q, De Allegri M, Cao Z, Chen W, Ma X, Wang C, Wachinger J, Jin Z, Bunker A, Geldsetzer P, Yang J, Xue L, Bärnighausen T, Chen S. Preferences regarding COVID-19 vaccination among 12,000 adults in China: A cross-sectional discrete choice experiment. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003387. [PMID: 38990924 PMCID: PMC11239003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding public preferences concerning vaccination is critical to inform pandemic response strategies. To investigate Chinese adults' preferences regarding COVID-19 vaccine attributes, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey in 12,000 Chinese adults in June-July, 2021. Participants were requested to answer a series of discrete choice questions related to hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines. Using mixed logit models, our analysis revealed that participants had a higher preference for COVID-19 vaccines with longer duration of protection (coefficient: 1.272, 95% confidence interval [1.016 to 1.529]) and higher efficacy (coefficient: 1.063, [0.840, 1.287]). Conversely, participants demonstrated a lower preference associated with higher risk of rare but serious side-effects (coefficient: -1.158, [-1.359, -0.958]), oral administration (coefficient: -0.211, [-0.377, -0.046]), more doses (coefficient: -0.148, [-0.296, 0.000]) and imported origin (coefficient: -0.653, [-0.864, -0.443]). Moreover, preferences were heterogeneous by individual factors: highly educated participants were more sensitive to the negative vaccine attributes including price (coefficient -0.312, [-0.370, -0.253]) and imported vaccine (coefficient -0.941, [-1.186, -0.697]); there was also substantial heterogeneity in vaccine preferences with respect to age group, marital status, work status, income, chronic diagnosis history, COVID-19 vaccination history and geographic regions. As the first study of examining the public preferences for COVID-19 vaccine in China with a large nationwide sample of 12,000 adults, our results indicate that future vaccine should pose lower risk, possess longer protection period, have higher efficacy, be domestically produced, and have lower costs to increase the COVID-19 vaccination coverage. Our current study findings from this study provide insights and recommendations for not only COVID-19 vaccine design but also vaccine attribute preferences to increase vaccine uptake in potential future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Yu
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lirui Jiao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Qiushi Chen
- The Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qun Wang
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Manuela De Allegri
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhong Cao
- State Key Lab of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuedi Ma
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jonas Wachinger
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhangfeng Jin
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aditi Bunker
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Geldsetzer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juntao Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Xue
- Institute for AI International Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Moradi N, Zarei L, Hajimoladarvish N, Meshkani Z, Zanganeh M, Babapour J, Lankarani KB. Public Preference for Financing Preventive Vaccines in Health Shocks: The Case of COVID-19 Vaccines in a Middle-Income Country. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2024; 8:559-568. [PMID: 38761343 PMCID: PMC11252095 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-024-00494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To effectively manage health crises such as disease pandemics, health authorities require reliable information regarding people's preferences. This helps to ensure timely and targeted interventions and avoids increasing societal costs through developing evidence-based policies. This study investigates the Iranian people's preference for financing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the factors affecting this. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed during the third-wave peak of COVID-19 in Iran from 1 to 20 February 2021 utilizing various data collection methods. The public preference regarding imported and domestically produced vaccines, their willingness to fully or partially contribute to the financing of these vaccines, and their willingness to pay (WTP) for domestically produced vaccines using the contingent valuation method was assessed in different scenarios. The determinants of the probability of positive financing preferences were evaluated using an ordered probit regression model. RESULTS Among the 2071 survey respondents, approximately 60% stated willingness to contribute to vaccine financing in the form of partial or full user fee payments. Forty percent of respondents are willing to be vaccinated if it is provided for free by the government. Interestingly, people's preference for financing the vaccine was not related to the type of vaccine. The regression analysis showed that income, having supplementary insurance, being male, perceived COVID-19 risk, education, and working in the health sector are significantly related to a higher probability of contribution to vaccine financing. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of country of origin of COVID-19 vaccines, vaccination is very important for the Iranian people, and the majority of respondents in our study showed an inclination to contribute to vaccine funding, from partial to full user fees, to achieve higher protection against COVID-19 disease. Hence, ensuring timely access to vaccines during health crises such as pandemics is imperative, as it saves lives and reduces the economic burden of disease. This commitment from the health system can be supported by financial contributions from the general public. In this regard, considering public preferences is strongly advised to policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Moradi
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, No. 2, 8th floor, Zand St., PO Box 71348-45794, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Zahra Meshkani
- Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zanganeh
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Jafar Babapour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, No. 2, 8th floor, Zand St., PO Box 71348-45794, Shiraz, Iran
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Thichumpa W, Yimthin N, Ratchatorn A, Izumi S, Pan-Ngum W. Factors influencing Thai university students' decisions to take COVID-19 vaccine booster doses: a cross-sectional survey. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:31. [PMID: 38632632 PMCID: PMC11022483 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to describe the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses and factors influencing this among Thai university students. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and September 2022. All university students in Thailand were eligible to participate. We explored the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses and regular vaccines (if available) among university students. Associations between factors influencing the acceptance of vaccination were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 322 participants were surveyed (78.9% female, age 18 to 49 years (mean = 22.6, standard deviation = 5.47)). Most participants (85.7%) were undergraduate students (Bachelor level), and a proportion (84.8%) had a background in health sciences studies. The proportions who accepted booster doses and regular vaccines were 52.8% and 69.3%, respectively. Vaccine accessibility was found to be significantly associated with the acceptance of booster doses (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-6.97), while the availability of scientific evidence (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.21-9.77) was significantly associated with the acceptance of regular vaccines. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to addressing the knowledge gap regarding acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses among university students in Thailand. Our findings revealed that vaccine accessibility and the availability of scientific evidence, as well as vaccination costs, influenced individuals' decisions around accepting vaccine booster doses. Further research should focus on the dynamics of vaccine acceptance to facilitate the development of targeted strategies and support vaccination policymaking in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerakorn Thichumpa
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naphat Yimthin
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anawat Ratchatorn
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Satoko Izumi
- School of Integrated Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wirichada Pan-Ngum
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Luo C, Chen HX, Tung TH. Sex differences in the relationship between post-vaccination adverse reactions, decision regret, and WTP for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine in Taizhou, China. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102538. [PMID: 38162118 PMCID: PMC10755462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated sex differences in the relationship between post-vaccination adverse reactions, decision regret, and willingness to pay (WTP) for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. This research carried out an online cross-sectional investigation among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Taizhou, China. In total, 1,054 respondents (165 males and 889 females) have received two-dose COVID-19 vaccination. We performed descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and mediation analysis on the exported data. In this study, 67 (40.6%) males and 429 (48.3%) females had WTP for the booster dose. Our study presented that decision regret mediated the effect of adverse reactions after vaccination on WTP for the booster dose in both male and female groups. In males, decision regret played a completely mediating role, while in females, it acted as a partial mediator. Sex differences in the relationship between post-vaccination side effects, decision regret, and WTP for the third dose were demonstrated in a sample of healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Luo
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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Yan Y, Chen Q, Nuermaimaiti A, Xiao Y, Chang L, Ji H, Sun H, Song Q, Gao Y, Xu J, Wang L. Acceptance of COVID-19 boosters among hypertensive patients in China: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2283315. [PMID: 37982140 PMCID: PMC10760352 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2283315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, a prevalent chronic disease, has been associated with increased COVID-19 severity. To promote the COVID-19 booster vaccination of hypertensive patients, this study investigated the willingness to receive boosters and the related influencing factors based on the health belief model (HBM model). Between June and October 2022, 453 valid questionnaires were collected across three Chinese cities. The willingness to receive a booster vaccination was 72.2%. The main factors that influenced the willingness of patients with hypertension to receive a booster shot were male (χ2 = 7.008, p = .008), residence in rural (χ2 = 4.778, p = .029), being in employment (χ2 = 7.232, p = .007), taking no or less antihypertensive medication (χ2 = 9.372, p = .025), with less hypertension-related comorbidities (χ2 = 35.888, p < .0001), and did not have any other chronic diseases (χ2 = 28.476, p < .0001). Amid the evolving COVID-19 landscape, the willingness to receive annual booster vaccination was 59.4%, and employment status (χ2 = 10.058, p = .002), and presence of other chronic diseases (χ2 = 14.256, p < .0001) are associated with the willingness of annual booster vaccination. Respondents with higher perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, and lower perceived barriers were more willing to receive booster shots. The mean and median value of willingness to pay (WTP) for a dose of booster were 53.17 CNY and 28.31 CNY. Concerns regarding booster safety and the need for professional advice were prevalent. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting booster safety knowledge and health-related management among hypertensive individuals through professional organizations and medical specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing,P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Abudulimutailipu Nuermaimaiti
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing,P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing,P.R. China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yingzi Xiao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing,P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing,P.R. China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing,P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Huimin Ji
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing,P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing,P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing,P.R. China
| | - Qinggang Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xi’an No.1 hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi,P.R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Gao
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing,P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing,P.R. China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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Wei C, Yu X, Chen Y, Yang T, Li S, Li J, Chen X. Can Patients with Asymptomatic/Mild Illness and Moderate Illness COVID-19 Have White Matter Damage? Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4585-4593. [PMID: 37840824 PMCID: PMC10576465 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s434968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Studies have shown that severe coronavirus pandemic 2019 infection could lead to white matter hyperintensities, but the relationship between asymptomatic/mild illness and moderate illness coronavirus pandemic 2019 and white matter hyperintensities remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between asymptomatic/mild illness and moderate illness coronavirus pandemic 2019 and the risk of white matter hyperintensities. Methods Hospitalized patients who were confirmed to have coronavirus pandemic 2019 for the first time were enrolled. Fazekas scores were used for assessment of the severity of white matter hyperintensities. We also rated the 90-day functional outcome after discharge. Results Of the 157 enrolled patients, 124 (78.98%) coronavirus pandemic 2019 patients were classified as having asymptomatic or mild illness, and 33 (21.02%) were classified as having moderate illness. The results showed that the Fazekas scale scores at baseline (periventricular white matter hyperintensities, 1.31±1.16 vs 2.06±1.20; Deep white matter hyperintensities, 1.04±0.97 vs 1.73±1.13 P <0.01) and at follow-up (periventricular white matter hyperintensities, 1.38±1.21 vs 2.09±1.21; Deep white matter hyperintensities, 1.13±1.04 vs 1.79±1.14 P <0.01) were lower in patients with symptomatic or mild illness than in those with moderate illness. Moreover, no significant difference (7.26% vs 3.03%; P =0.377) was observed between the two divided groups in terms of white matter hyperintensities progression. Conclusion Our findings suggest that moderate COVID-19 is related to severe white matter hyperintensities compared with asymptomatic/mild illness but not to the progression of white matter hyperintensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunsheng Wei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junrong Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
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Willingness to Pay (WTP) for COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose and Its Determinants in Indonesia. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:1017-1032. [PMID: 36547247 PMCID: PMC9778827 DOI: 10.3390/idr14060101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Willingness to pay (WTP) for booster doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is an under studied research topic. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the WTP for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines and its predictors in Indonesia using an online survey distributed all over the provinces of this low-middle-income country. The WTP was evaluated using a basic dichotomous contingent valuation approach, and its associated determinants were evaluated using a linear regression model. Out of 2935 responders, 66.2% (1942/2935) were willing to pay for a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority of respondents (63.5%) were willing to pay within a price range of 100,000-500,000 Indonesian rupiah (IDR), i.e., USD 6.71-33.57. Being older than 40 years, having a higher educational level, having a higher income, knowing and understanding that booster doses were important, and having a vaccine status that is certified halal (permissible in Islamic law), were all associated with a higher WTP for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The study findings imply that the WTP for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia is lower compared to acceptance of vaccines provided free of charge. This WTP data can be utilized to develop a pricing scheme for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccination in the country with potential benefits in other low-income countries. The government may be required to provide subsidies for the herd immunity vaccination process to proceed as anticipated. Furthermore, the public community must be educated on the importance of vaccination as well as the fact that the COVID-19 epidemic is far from being over.
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