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Yang XY, Jiang D, Wang YZ, Duan MY, Huang YW, Wang XJ, Xiang ZM, Sheng J, Zhu QQ. Chlorogenic acid alleviates renal fibrosis by reducing lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney disease through suppressing the Notch1 and Stat3 signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2371988. [PMID: 38952291 PMCID: PMC11221469 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2371988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abnormal renal lipid metabolism causes renal lipid deposition, which leads to the development of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CA) on reducing renal lipid accumulation and improving DKD renal fibrosis. METHODS This study evaluated the effects of CA on renal fibrosis, lipid deposition and lipid metabolism by constructing in vitro and in vivo models of DKD, and detected the improvement of Notch1 and Stat3 signaling pathways. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between CA and the extracellular domain NRR1 of Notch1 protein. RESULTS In vitro studies have shown that CA decreased the expression of Fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), p-smad3/smad3, alleviated lipid deposition, promoted the expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 A (CPT1A), and inhibited the expression of cholesterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c). The expression of Notch1, Cleaved Notch1, Hes1, and p-stat3/stat3 were inhibited. These results suggested that CA might reduce intercellular lipid deposition in human kidney cells (HK2) by inhibiting Notch1 and stat3 signaling pathways, thereby improving fibrosis. Further, in vivo studies demonstrated that CA improved renal fibrosis and renal lipid deposition in DKD mice by inhibiting Notch1 and stat3 signaling pathways. Finally, molecular docking experiments showed that the binding energy of CA and NRR1 was -6.6 kcal/mol, which preliminarily predicted the possible action of CA on Notch1 extracellular domain NRR1. CONCLUSION CA reduces renal lipid accumulation and improves DKD renal fibrosis by inhibiting Notch1 and stat3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Die Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-zhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei-yan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ye-wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan-jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Ze-min Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang-qiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Zhong X, Fan J. Effect of Atorvastatin combined with Irbesartan in the treatment of early diabetic nephropathy. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:1410-1414. [PMID: 39092054 PMCID: PMC11255805 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.7.9214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of Atorvastatin combined with Irbesartan in the treatment of early diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Clinical data from 153 patients with early DN, admitted to Huzhou Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022, was retrospectively selected. Patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment they received: patients received Irbesartan treatment alone were assigned to Irbesartan group (n=74); patients received Irbesartan combined with Atorvastatin were assigned to combined group (n=79). Levels of renal function indicators, renal fibrosis indicators, micro inflammatory status indicators, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after the treatment. Results After the treatment, indicators of renal function, renal fibrosis and micro-inflammation in both groups significantly decreased compared to pretreatment levels (P<0.05), and were significantly lower in the combined group compared to Irbesartan group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with Irbesartan alone, Atorvastatin combined with Irbesartan is more effective in the treatment of early DN. Combined treatment regimen is able to effectively reduces the micro-inflammatory state, improve renal function and fibrosis, and is not associated with the increased risk of adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhong
- Xiaojing Zhong, Department of Endocrinology, Huzhou Central Hospital, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313003, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- Jiajia Fan, Department of General Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313003, P.R. China
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Yang Y, Liu J, Shi Q, Guo B, Jia H, Yang Y, Fu S. Roles of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease: New Perspectives from Mechanism to Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:733. [PMID: 38927136 PMCID: PMC11201432 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal disease around the world. Mitochondria are the main organelles responsible for producing energy in cells and are closely involved in maintaining normal organ function. Studies have found that a high-sugar environment can damage glomeruli and tubules and trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, animal experiments have shown that DKD symptoms are alleviated when mitochondrial damage is targeted, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is inextricably linked to the development of DKD. This article describes the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression and onset of DKD. The relationship between DKD and mitochondrial dysfunction is discussed. At the same time, the progress of DKD treatment targeting mitochondrial dysfunction is summarized. We hope to provide new insights into the progress and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiling Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Buyu Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hanbing Jia
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Songbo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Endocrine Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Luan Y, Luan Y, Jiao Y, Liu H, Huang Z, Feng Q, Pei J, Yang Y, Ren K. Broadening Horizons: Exploring mtDAMPs as a Mechanism and Potential Intervention Target in Cardiovascular Diseases. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1130. [PMID: 38270118 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been recognized as the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity worldwide despite significant advances in therapeutics. Inflammation is a key factor in CVD progression. Once stress stimulates cells, they release cellular compartments known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Mitochondria can release mitochondrial DAMPs (mtDAMPs) to initiate an immune response when stimulated with cellular stress. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the DAMPs that regulate CVD progression is crucial for improving CVDs. Herein, we discuss the composition and mechanism of DAMPs, the significance of mtDAMPs in cellular inflammation, the presence of mtDAMPs in different types of cells, and the main signaling pathways associated with mtDAMPs. Based on this, we determined the role of DAMPs in CVDs and the effects of mtDAMP intervention on CVD progression. By offering a fresh perspective and comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms of DAMPs, this review seeks to provide important theoretical foundations for developing drugs targeting CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Luan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxue Jiao
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No.3 Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Zheng P, Zhang Q, Ma W, Hu R, Gu Y, Bian Z, Yang D, Chen X, Wu H. Low-dose atorvastatin protects skeletal muscle mitochondria in high-fat diet-fed mice with mitochondrial autophagy inhibition and fusion enhancement. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176085. [PMID: 37806539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great clinical benefits of statins in cardiovascular diseases, their widespread use may lead to adverse muscle reactions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Some studies have demonstrated that statins provide substantial improvement to skeletal muscle health in mice. Our previous study found that oral treatment with atorvastatin (Ator, 3 mg/kg) protected myocardial mitochondria in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the influence of low-dose Ator (3 mg/kg) on mitochondria in skeletal muscle under cholesterol overload. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 18 weeks and orally administered Ator (3 mg/kg) during the last 12 weeks. Ator treatment had no effects on elevated serum cholesterol and glucose levels in HFD-fed mice. Serum creatine kinase levels and the cross-sectional area of muscle cells were not affected by HFD feeding or Ator treatment. Increased expression of PINK1-LC3 II (activated mitophagy), MFN2 (fusion), and PGC-1α (biogenesis) proteins was induced in the skeletal muscles of HFD-fed mice. Treatment with Ator inhibited PINK1 and LC3 II protein expression, but further promoted MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1 expression. The impairments in mitochondrial quality and morphology in HFD-fed mice were attenuated by treatment with Ator. Furthermore, Ator treatment enhanced glucose oxidation capacity and restored ATP production in the skeletal muscles of HFD-fed mice. The study reveals that low-dose Ator has a protective effect on muscle mitochondria in mice, likely through inhibiting mitophagy and enhancing mitochondrial fusion. This suggests that skeletal muscle mitochondria may be one of low-dose Ator-mediated protective targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Core Facility of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Core Facility of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilu Gu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiping Bian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China; Core Facility of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hengfang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Dhas Y, Arshad N, Biswas N, Jones LD, Ashili S. MicroRNA-21 Silencing in Diabetic Nephropathy: Insights on Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2583. [PMID: 37761024 PMCID: PMC10527294 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, possibly the most significant site of microvascular damage is the kidney. Due to diabetes and/or other co-morbidities, such as hypertension and age-related nephron loss, a significant number of people with diabetes suffer from kidney diseases. Improved diabetic care can reduce the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, innovative treatment approaches are still required. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is one of the most studied multipotent microRNAs (miRNAs), and it has been linked to renal fibrosis and exhibits significantly altered expression in DN. Targeting miR-21 offers an advantage in DN. Currently, miR-21 is being pharmacologically silenced through various methods, all of which are in early development. In this review, we summarize the role of miR-21 in the molecular pathogenesis of DN and several therapeutic strategies to use miR-21 as a therapeutic target in DN. The existing experimental interventions offer a way to rectify the lower miRNA levels as well as to reduce the higher levels. Synthetic miRNAs also referred to as miR-mimics, can compensate for abnormally low miRNA levels. Furthermore, strategies like oligonucleotides can be used to alter the miRNA levels. It is reasonable to target miR-21 for improved results because it directly contributes to the pathological processes of kidney diseases, including DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Dhas
- Rhenix Lifesciences, Hyderabad 500038, India
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Liu S, Zheng Z, Zhao Y, Yao H, Zhang L, Chen C, Jin S. DRP1 knockdown and atorvastatin alleviate ox-LDL-induced vascular endothelial cells injury: DRP1 is a potential target for preventing atherosclerosis. Exp Cell Res 2023:113688. [PMID: 37315759 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) injury is the first step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in VECs injury, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to 100 μg/mL oxidized low-density lipoprotein for 24 h to establish AS model in vitro. We reported that mitochondrial dynamics disorder is a prominent feature of VECs in AS models and associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the knockdown of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in AS model significantly alleviated the mitochondrial dynamics disorder and VECs injury. On the contrary, DRP1 overexpression significantly aggravated this injury. Interestingly, atorvastatin (ATV), a classical anti-atherosclerotic drug, prominently inhibited the expression of DRP1 in AS models and similarly alleviated the mitochondrial dynamics disorder and VECs injury in vitro and in vivo. At the same time, we found that ATV alleviated VECs damage but did not significantly reduce lipid concentration in vivo. Our findings provide a potential therapeutic target of AS and a new mechanism of the anti-atherosclerotic effect of ATV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Zhinan Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Yingyin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Hanming Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Cui Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Sanqing Jin
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China.
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Wang D, Yin L, Chen R, Tan W, Liang L, Xiang J, Zhang H, Zhou X, Deng H, Guo B, Wang Y. Senescent renal tubular epithelial cells activate fibroblasts by secreting Shh to promote the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1018298. [PMID: 36760880 PMCID: PMC9905119 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1018298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the complications of diabetes; however, the pathogenesis is not yet clear. A recent study has shown that senescence is associated with the course of DKD. In the present study, we explored whether senescent renal tubular cells promote renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by secreting Sonic hedgehog (Shh) which mediates fibroblast activation and proliferation in DKD. Methods A 36-week-old db/db mice model and the renal tubular epithelial cells were cultured in high glucose (HG, 60 mmol/L) medium for in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results Compared to db/m mice, blood glucose, microalbuminuria, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and UACR (microalbuminuria/urine creatinine) were markedly increased in db/db mice. Collagen III, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were also increased in db/db mice kidneys, suggesting fibrosis and inflammation in the organ. Moreover, the detection of SA-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) showed that the activity of SA-β-Gal in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells increased, and the cell cycle inhibition of the expression of senescence-related gene cell cycle inhibitor p16 INK4A protein and p21 protein increased, indicating that renal fibrosis in db/db mice was accompanied by cell senescence. Furthermore, Shh is highly expressed in the injured renal tubules and in the kidney tissue of db/db mice, as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of immunofluorescence staining showed increased positive staining for Shh in renal tubular epithelial cells of db/db mice and decreased positive staining for Lamin B1, but increased positive staining for γH2A.X in cells with high Shh expression; similar results were obtained in vitro. In addition, HG stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells to secrete Shh in the supernatant of the medium. D-gal treatment of renal tubular epithelial cells increased the protein levels of Shh and p21. We also found enhanced activation and proliferation of fibroblasts cultured with the supernatant of renal tubular epithelial cells stimulated by HG medium but the proliferative effect was significantly diminished when co-cultured with cyclopamine (CPN), an inhibitor of the Shh pathway. Discussion In conclusion, HG induces renal tubular epithelial cell senescence, and the secretion of senescence-associated proteins and Shh mediates inflammatory responses and fibroblast activation and proliferation, ultimately leading to renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongyu Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wanlin Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Luqun Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiayi Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingcheng Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Huaqing Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Province Innovation Base of Common Major Chronic Disease Pathogenesis and Drug Development and Application, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Bing Guo, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-2597
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Major Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Province Innovation Base of Common Major Chronic Disease Pathogenesis and Drug Development and Application, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Yuanyuan Wang, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-643X
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9
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Huang Q, Chen H, Yin K, Shen Y, Lin K, Guo X, Zhang X, Wang N, Xin W, Xu Y, Gui D. Formononetin Attenuates Renal Tubular Injury and Mitochondrial Damage in Diabetic Nephropathy Partly via Regulating Sirt1/PGC-1α Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:901234. [PMID: 35645821 PMCID: PMC9133725 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.901234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormality is one of the main factors of tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Formononetin (FMN), a novel isoflavonoid isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, has diverse pharmacological activities. However, the beneficial effects of FMN on renal tubular impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in DN have yet to be studied. In this study, we performed in vivo tests in Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats to explore the therapeutic effects of FMN on DN. We demonstrated that FMN could ameliorate albuminuria and renal histopathology. FMN attenuated renal tubular cells apoptosis, mitochondrial fragmentation and restored expression of mitochondrial dynamics-associated proteins, such as Drp1, Fis1 and Mfn2, as well as apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3. Moreover, FMN upregulated the protein expression of Sirt1 and PGC-1α in diabetic kidneys. In vitro studies further demonstrated that FMN could inhibit high glucose-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells. FMN also reduced the production of mitochondrial superoxide and alleviated mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss. Furthermore, FMN partially restored the protein expression of Drp1, Fis1 and Mfn2, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase-3, Sirt1 and PGC-1α in HK-2 cells exposure to high glucose. In conclusion, FMN could attenuate renal tubular injury and mitochondrial damage in DN partly by regulating Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunwei Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yilan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kanghong Lin
- Graduate School of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xieyi Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Xin
- College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy of Wenshan University, Wenshan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Xin, ; Youhua Xu, Dingkun Gui,
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Xin, ; Youhua Xu, Dingkun Gui,
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Xin, ; Youhua Xu, Dingkun Gui,
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