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Simpson CE, Ledford JG, Liu G. Application of Metabolomics across the Spectrum of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:1-9. [PMID: 38547373 PMCID: PMC11225873 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0080ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, metabolomics, the systematic study of small-molecule metabolites in biological samples, has yielded fresh insights into the molecular determinants of pulmonary diseases and critical illness. The purpose of this article is to orient the reader to this emerging field by discussing the fundamental tenets underlying metabolomics research, the tools and techniques that serve as foundational methodologies, and the various statistical approaches to analysis of metabolomics datasets. We present several examples of metabolomics applied to pulmonary and critical care medicine to illustrate the potential of this avenue of research to deepen our understanding of pathophysiology. We conclude by reviewing recent advances in the field and future research directions that stand to further the goal of personalizing medicine to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Simpson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julie G. Ledford
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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2
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Wei Y, Yang L, Wang Q. Analysis of clinical characteristics and prognosis of lung cancer patients with CPFE or COPD: a retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 38851701 PMCID: PMC11161937 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) commonly occurs in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but comparative research is limited. This study examines clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognosis in LC patients with CPFE or COPD. METHODS The retrospective study involved 75 lung cancer patients with CPFE and 182 with COPD. It analyzed clinical features, tumor pathology, pulmonary function, laboratory parameters, and treatment responses. RESULTS Notable differences were found between the CPFE + LC and COPD + LC groups. Both groups were mostly elderly, male smokers. The CPFE + LC group had higher BMI and more adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, while COPD + LC had predominantly squamous cell carcinoma. CPFE + LC tumors were mostly in the lower lobes; COPD + LC's were in the upper lobes. The CPFE + LC group showed higher tumor metastasis rates, more paraseptal emphysema, and elevated levels of TG, CEA, NSE, and Killer T Cells. In advanced stages (IIIB-IV), the CPFE + LC group receiving first-line treatment had shorter median progression-free survival (PFS) and a higher risk of progression or death than the COPD + LC group, regardless of whether it was non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC). No significant PFS difference was found within CPFE + LC between chemotherapy and immunotherapy, nor in immune-related adverse events between groups, with interstitial pneumonia being common. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes distinct lung cancer characteristics in CPFE or COPD patients, highlighting the need for tailored diagnostic and treatment approaches. It advocates for further research to improve care for this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Zhou YT, Li S, Du SL, Zhao JH, Cai YQ, Zhang ZQ. The multifaceted role of macrophage mitophagy in SiO 2-induced pulmonary fibrosis: A brief review. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38644760 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to environments with high concentrations of crystalline silica (CS) can lead to silicosis. Macrophages play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of silicosis. In the process of silicosis, silica (SiO2) invades alveolar macrophages (AMs) and induces mitophagy which usually exists in three states: normal, excessive, and/or deficiency. Different mitophagy states lead to corresponding toxic responses, including successful macrophage repair, injury, necrosis, apoptosis, and even pulmonary fibrosis. This is a complex process accompanied by various cytokines. Unfortunately, the details have not been fully systematically summarized. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the role of macrophage mitophagy in SiO2-induced pulmonary fibrosis by systematic analysis on the literature reports. In this review, we first summarized the current data on the macrophage mitophagy in the development of SiO2-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Then, we introduce the molecular mechanism on how SiO2-induced mitophagy causes pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we focus on introducing new therapies based on newly developed mitophagy-inducing strategies. We conclude that macrophage mitophagy plays a multifaceted role in the progression of SiO2-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and reprogramming the macrophage mitophagy state accordingly may be a potential means of preventing and treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shu-Ling Du
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | | | - Zhao-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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4
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Pan T, Bai L, Zhu D, Wei Y, Zhao Q, Feng F, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhou X. The causal relationship between genetically predicted blood metabolites and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300423. [PMID: 38626141 PMCID: PMC11020755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous metabolomic studies have confirmed the pivotal role of metabolic abnormalities in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence on the causal relationship between circulating metabolites and the risk of IPF. METHODS The potential causality between 486 blood metabolites and IPF was determined through a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 7,824 participants was performed to analyze metabolite data, and a GWAS meta-analysis involving 6,257 IPF cases and 947,616 control European subjects was conducted to analyze IPF data. The TSMR analysis was performed primarily with the inverse variance weighted model, supplemented by weighted mode, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median estimators. A battery of sensitivity analyses was performed, including horizontal pleiotropy assessment, heterogeneity test, Steiger test, and leave-one-out analysis. Furthermore, replication analysis and meta-analysis were conducted with another GWAS dataset of IPF containing 4,125 IPF cases and 20,464 control subjects. Mediation analyses were used to identify the mediating role of confounders in the effect of metabolites on IPF. RESULTS There were four metabolites associated with the elevated risk of IPF, namely glucose (odds ratio [OR] = 2.49, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.13-5.49, P = 0.024), urea (OR = 6.24, 95% CI = 1.77-22.02, P = 0.004), guanosine (OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.07-2.30, P = 0.021), and ADpSGEGDFXAEGGGVR (OR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.00-2.88, P = 0.0496). Of note, the effect of guanosine on IPF was found to be mediated by gastroesophageal reflux disease. Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis displayed that IPF might slightly elevate guanosine levels in the blood. CONCLUSION Conclusively, hyperglycemia may confer a promoting effect on IPF, highlighting that attention should be paid to the relationship between diabetes and IPF, not solely to the diagnosis of diabetes. Additionally, urea, guanosine, and ADpSGEGDFXAEGGGVR also facilitate the development of IPF. This study may provide a reference for analyzing the potential mechanism of IPF and carry implications for the prevention and treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Pan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanchao Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianmei Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Summer R, Todd JL, Neely ML, Lobo LJ, Namen A, Newby LK, Shafazand S, Suliman S, Hesslinger C, Keller S, Leonard TB, Palmer SM, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Roman J. Circulating metabolic profile in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: data from the IPF-PRO Registry. Respir Res 2024; 25:58. [PMID: 38273290 PMCID: PMC10809477 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating metabolome, reflecting underlying cellular processes and disease biology, has not been fully characterized in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We evaluated whether circulating levels of metabolites correlate with the presence of IPF, with the severity of IPF, or with the risk of clinically relevant outcomes among patients with IPF. METHODS We analyzed enrollment plasma samples from 300 patients with IPF in the IPF-PRO Registry and 100 individuals without known lung disease using a set of targeted metabolomics and clinical analyte modules. Linear regression was used to compare metabolite and clinical analyte levels between patients with IPF and controls and to determine associations between metabolite levels and measures of disease severity in patients with IPF. Unadjusted and adjusted univariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate associations between circulating metabolites and the risk of mortality or disease progression among patients with IPF. RESULTS Levels of 64 metabolites and 5 clinical analytes were significantly different between patients with IPF and controls. Among analytes with greatest differences were non-esterified fatty acids, multiple long-chain acylcarnitines, and select ceramides, levels of which were higher among patients with IPF versus controls. Levels of the branched-chain amino acids valine and leucine/isoleucine were inversely correlated with measures of disease severity. After adjusting for clinical factors known to influence outcomes, higher levels of the acylcarnitine C:16-OH/C:14-DC were associated with all-cause mortality, lower levels of the acylcarnitine C16:1-OH/C14:1DC were associated with all-cause mortality, respiratory death, and respiratory death or lung transplant, and higher levels of the sphingomyelin d43:2 were associated with the risk of respiratory death or lung transplantation. CONCLUSIONS IPF has a distinct circulating metabolic profile characterized by increased levels of non-esterified fatty acids, long-chain acylcarnitines, and ceramides, which may suggest a more catabolic environment that enhances lipid mobilization and metabolism. We identified select metabolites that were highly correlated with measures of disease severity or the risk of disease progression and that may be developed further as biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; No: NCT01915511; URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Summer
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jamie L Todd
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Megan L Neely
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - L Jason Lobo
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Namen
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - L Kristin Newby
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sascha Keller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Scott M Palmer
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jesse Roman
- Jane and Leonard Korman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Zhu W, Liu C, Tan C, Zhang J. Predictive biomarkers of disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23543. [PMID: 38173501 PMCID: PMC10761784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial disease that cannot be cured, and treatment options for IPF are very limited. Early diagnosis, close monitoring of disease progression, and timely treatment are therefore the best options for patients due to the irreversibility of IPF. Effective markers help doctors judge the development and prognosis of disease. Recent research on traditional biomarkers (KL-6, SP-D, MMP-7, TIMPs, CCL18) has provided novel ideas for predicting disease progression and prognosis. Some emerging biomarkers (HE4, GDF15, PRDX4, inflammatory cells, G-CSF) also provide more possibilities for disease prediction. In addition to markers in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), some improvements related to the GAP model and chest HRCT also show good predictive ability for disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Chunquan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Chunting Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
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7
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Daramola O, Gutierrez Reyes CD, Chávez-Reyes J, Marichal-Cancino BA, Nwaiwu J, Onigbinde S, Adeniyi M, Solomon J, Bhuiyan MMAA, Mechref Y. Metabolomic Changes in Rat Serum after Chronic Exposure to Glyphosate-Based Herbicide. Metabolites 2024; 14:50. [PMID: 38248853 PMCID: PMC10819816 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) have gained extensive popularity in recent decades. For many years, glyphosate has been regarded as harmless or minimally toxic to mammals due to the absence of its primary target, the shikimic acid pathway in humans. Nonetheless, mounting evidence suggests that glyphosate may cause adverse health effects in humans via other mechanisms. In this study, we described the metabolomic changes in the serum of experimental rats exposed to chronic GBH using the highly sensitive LC-MS/MS technique. We investigated the possible relationship between chronic exposure to GBH and neurological disorders. Our findings suggest that chronic exposure to GBH can alter spatial learning memory and the expression of some important metabolites that are linked to neurophysiological disorders in young rats, with the female rats showing higher susceptibility compared to the males. This indicates that female rats are more likely to show early symptoms of the disorder on exposure to chronic GBH compared to male rats. We observed that four important metabolites (paraxanthine, epinephrine, L-(+)-arginine, and D-arginine) showed significant changes and involvement in neurological changes as suggested by ingenuity pathway analysis. In conclusion, our results indicate that chronic exposure to GBH can increase the risk of developing neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Daramola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Cristian D. Gutierrez Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ags, CP 20131, Mexico; (J.C.-R.); (B.A.M.-C.)
| | - Bruno A. Marichal-Cancino
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ags, CP 20131, Mexico; (J.C.-R.); (B.A.M.-C.)
| | - Judith Nwaiwu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Sherifdeen Onigbinde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Moyinoluwa Adeniyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Joy Solomon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Md Mostofa Al Amin Bhuiyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
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8
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Choi B, San José Estépar R, Godbole S, Curtis JL, Wang JM, San José Estépar R, Rosas IO, Mayers JR, Hobbs BD, Hersh CP, Ash SY, Han MK, Bowler RP, Stringer KA, Washko GR, Labaki WW. Plasma metabolomics and quantitative interstitial abnormalities in ever-smokers. Respir Res 2023; 24:265. [PMID: 37925418 PMCID: PMC10625195 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative interstitial abnormalities (QIA) are an automated computed tomography (CT) finding of early parenchymal lung disease, associated with worse lung function, reduced exercise capacity, increased respiratory symptoms, and death. The metabolomic perturbations associated with QIA are not well known. We sought to identify plasma metabolites associated with QIA in smokers. We also sought to identify shared and differentiating metabolomics features between QIA and emphysema, another smoking-related advanced radiographic abnormality. METHODS In 928 former and current smokers in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD cohort, we measured QIA and emphysema using an automated local density histogram method and generated metabolite profiles from plasma samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Metabolon). We assessed the associations between metabolite levels and QIA using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, pack-years, and inhaled corticosteroid use, at a Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate p-value of ≤ 0.05. Using multinomial regression models adjusted for these covariates, we assessed the associations between metabolite levels and the following CT phenotypes: QIA-predominant, emphysema-predominant, combined-predominant, and neither- predominant. Pathway enrichment analyses were performed using MetaboAnalyst. RESULTS We found 85 metabolites significantly associated with QIA, with overrepresentation of the nicotinate and nicotinamide, histidine, starch and sucrose, pyrimidine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipid, and sphingomyelin pathways. These included metabolites involved in inflammation and immune response, extracellular matrix remodeling, surfactant, and muscle cachexia. There were 75 metabolites significantly different between QIA-predominant and emphysema-predominant phenotypes, with overrepresentation of the phosphatidylethanolamine, nicotinate and nicotinamide, aminoacyl-tRNA, arginine, proline, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate pathways. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic correlates may lend insight to the biologic perturbations and pathways that underlie clinically meaningful quantitative CT measurements like QIA in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Pulmonary-PBB-CA-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Raúl San José Estépar
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rubén San José Estépar
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jared R Mayers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Pulmonary-PBB-CA-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Pulmonary-PBB-CA-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Pulmonary-PBB-CA-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Y Ash
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Critical Care, South Shore Hospital, South Weymouth, MA, USA
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kathleen A Stringer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - George R Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Pulmonary-PBB-CA-3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wassim W Labaki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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9
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Bhattacharya M, Ramachandran P. Immunology of human fibrosis. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1423-1433. [PMID: 37474654 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, defined by the excess deposition of structural and matricellular proteins in the extracellular space, underlies tissue dysfunction in multiple chronic diseases. Approved antifibrotics have proven modest in efficacy, and the immune compartment remains, for the most part, an untapped therapeutic opportunity. Recent single-cell analyses have interrogated human fibrotic tissues, including immune cells. These studies have revealed a conserved profile of scar-associated macrophages, which localize to the fibrotic niche and interact with mesenchymal cells that produce pathological extracellular matrix. Here we review recent advances in the understanding of the fibrotic microenvironment in human diseases, with a focus on immune cell profiles and functional immune-stromal interactions. We also discuss the key role of the immune system in mediating fibrosis regression and highlight avenues for future study to elucidate potential approaches to targeting inflammatory cells in fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallar Bhattacharya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK.
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