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Kofuji S, Wolfe K, Sumita K, Kageyama S, Yoshino H, Hirota Y, Ogawa-Iio A, Kanoh H, Sasaki M, Kofuji K, Davis MI, Pragani R, Shen M, Boxer MB, Nakatsu F, Nigorikawa K, Sasaki T, Takeuchi K, Senda T, Kim SM, Edinger AL, Simeonov A, Sasaki AT. A high dose KRP203 induces cytoplasmic vacuoles associated with altered phosphoinositide segregation and endosome expansion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 718:149981. [PMID: 38735134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In animal cells, vacuoles are absent, but can be induced by diseases and drugs. While phosphoinositides are critical for membrane trafficking, their role in the formation of these vacuoles remains unclear. The immunosuppressive KRP203/Mocravimod, which antagonizes sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, has been identified as having novel multimodal activity against phosphoinositide kinases. However, the impact of this novel KRP203 activity is unknown. Here, we show that KRP203 disrupts the spatial organization of phosphoinositides and induces extensive vacuolization in tumor cells and immortalized fibroblasts. The KRP203-induced vacuoles are primarily from endosomes, and augmented by inhibition of PIKFYVE and VPS34. Conversely, overexpression of PTEN decreased KRP203-induced vacuole formation. Furthermore, V-ATPase inhibition completely blunted KRP203-induced vacuolization, pointing to a critical requirement of the endosomal maturation process. Importantly, nearly a half of KRP203-induced vacuoles are significantly decorated with PI4P, a phosphoinositide typically enriched at the plasma membrane and Golgi. These results suggest a model that noncanonical spatial reorganization of phosphoinositides by KRP203 alters the endosomal maturation process, leading to vacuolization. Taken together, this study reveals a previously unrecognized bioactivity of KRP203 as a vacuole-inducing agent and its unique mechanism of phosphoinositide modulation, providing a new insight of phosphoinositide regulation into vacuolization-associated diseases and their molecular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kofuji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kara Wolfe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Kazutaka Sumita
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Endovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shun Kageyama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshino
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Hirota
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Minuma-ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Aki Ogawa-Iio
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Minuma-ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanoh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Mika Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Kaori Kofuji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Mindy I Davis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Rajan Pragani
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Matthew B Boxer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Fubito Nakatsu
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Nigorikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koh Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan; Department of Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI, Japan; Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Seong M Kim
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Atsuo T Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center at UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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Wunsch F, Nguyen TN, Wolber G, Bermudez M. Structural determinants of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor selectivity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300387. [PMID: 37806764 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Fingolimod, the prodrug of fingolimod-1-phosphate (F1P), was the first sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator approved for multiple sclerosis. F1P unselectively targets all five S1PR subtypes. While agonism (functional antagonism via receptor internalization) at S1PR1 leads to the desired immune modulatory effects, agonism at S1PR3 is associated with cardiac adverse effects. This motivated the development of S1PR3 -sparing compounds and led to a second generation of S1PR1,5 -selective ligands like siponimod and ozanimod. Our method combines molecular dynamics simulations and three-dimensional pharmacophores (dynophores) and enables the elucidation of S1PR subtype-specific binding site characteristics, visualizing also subtle differences in receptor-ligand interactions. F1P and the endogenous ligand sphingosine-1-phosphate bind to the orthosteric pocket of all S1PRs, but show different binding mode dynamics, uncovering potential starting points for the development of subtype-specific ligands. Our study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of the selectivity profile of approved drugs like ozanimod and siponimod and pharmaceutical tool compounds like CYM5541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Wunsch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institue for Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Trung Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institue for Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Kihara Y, Chun J. Molecular and neuroimmune pharmacology of S1P receptor modulators and other disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108432. [PMID: 37149155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological, immune-mediated demyelinating disease that affects people in the prime of life. Environmental, infectious, and genetic factors have been implicated in its etiology, although a definitive cause has yet to be determined. Nevertheless, multiple disease-modifying therapies (DMTs: including interferons, glatiramer acetate, fumarates, cladribine, teriflunomide, fingolimod, siponimod, ozanimod, ponesimod, and monoclonal antibodies targeting ITGA4, CD20, and CD52) have been developed and approved for the treatment of MS. All the DMTs approved to date target immunomodulation as their mechanism of action (MOA); however, the direct effects of some DMTs on the central nervous system (CNS), particularly sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators, implicate a parallel MOA that may also reduce neurodegenerative sequelae. This review summarizes the currently approved DMTs for the treatment of MS and provides details and recent advances in the molecular pharmacology, immunopharmacology, and neuropharmacology of S1PR modulators, with a special focus on the CNS-oriented, astrocyte-centric MOA of fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, United States of America.
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, United States of America
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Selkirk JV, Yan YG, Ching N, Paget K, Hargreaves R. In vitro assessment of the binding and functional responses of ozanimod and its plasma metabolites across human sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 941:175442. [PMID: 36470447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Ozanimod is approved in multiple countries for the treatment of adults with either relapsing multiple sclerosis or moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Ozanimod is metabolized in humans to form seven active plasma metabolites, including two major active metabolites CC112273 and CC1084037, and an inactive metabolite. Here, the binding and activity of ozanimod and its metabolites across human sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors were determined. Binding affinity was assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes expressing recombinant human sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 and 5 via competitive radioligand binding using tritium-labeled ozanimod; selectivity via functional potency assessment was performed using [35S]-guanosine-5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate binding assays. Receptor internalization was assessed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1-green fluorescent protein and Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5-hemagglutinin via fluorescence activated cell sorting. Functional activity was assessed in primary cultures of human astrocytes via phosphorylation assays. Ozanimod and its functionally active metabolites bound to the same sites within sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 and 5, with metabolites displaying the same selectivity profile as ozanimod. Agonism at sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 induced receptor internalization, whereas sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 did not. Ozanimod, CC112273, and CC1084037 elicited functional intracellular signaling in human astrocytes, pharmacologically characterized to be mediated by sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1. The active plasma metabolites of ozanimod bound to sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 and 5 and displayed similar pharmacologic profiles as their parent compound, likely contributing to clinical efficacy in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis or moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kate Paget
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Chen C, Zhang E, Zhu C, Wei R, Ma L, Dong X, Li R, Sun F, Zhou Y, Cui Y, Liu Z. Comparative efficacy and safety of disease-modifying therapies in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2023; 63:8-22.e23. [PMID: 36055929 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, 19 disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been approved for the treatment of patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DMTs in adults with RMS. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Food and Drug Administration, and European Medicines Agency websites for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (from inception to July 2021). Eligible RCTs evaluated approved treatments for RMS as monotherapy and reported at least one of the primary outcome measures of interest. The primary outcome was efficacy (annualized relapse rate and 12-week confirmed disability progression) and safety (serious adverse events [AEs] and discontinuation due to AEs). We assessed the risk of bias (RoB) of included studies using the Cochrane RoB tool version 2.0 (https://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d5928) for RCTs. Surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) was used to rank therapies and to assess quality of general evidence, respectively. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to rank therapies and to assess quality of general evidence. RESULTS A total of 43 records represent 45 RCTs selected for network meta-analysis. In total, 30,720 participants (median of 732; interquartile range: 248-931) were included, of which 67% were female. By SUCRA analysis, alemtuzumab (94.3%) presented the highest probability of being the best alternative for annualized relapse rate, whereas ofatumumab (93.5%) presented the highest probability of being the best alternative for 12-week confirmed disability progression. Interferon beta-1b subcutaneous (87.0%) presented the highest probability of the best safety among all DMTs for serious AEs, whereas alemtuzumab (92.4%) presented the highest probability of the best safety among all DMTs for discontinuation due to AEs. CONCLUSION Network meta-analysis shows that alemtuzumab and ofatumumab present the highest efficacy among DMTs. Because there is little difference between these probabilities for many treatments, health professionals should use clinical shared decision making when formulating treatment plans with patients.
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Hartel JC, Merz N, Grösch S. How sphingolipids affect T cells in the resolution of inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1002915. [PMID: 36176439 PMCID: PMC9513432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of proper resolution of inflammation rather than counteracting it, gained a lot of attention in the past few years. Re-assembly of tissue and cell homeostasis as well as establishment of adaptive immunity after inflammatory processes are the key events of resolution. Neutrophiles and macrophages are well described as promotors of resolution, but the role of T cells is poorly reviewed. It is also broadly known that sphingolipids and their imbalance influence membrane fluidity and cell signalling pathways resulting in inflammation associated diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atherosclerosis or diabetes. In this review we highlight the role of sphingolipids in T cells in the context of resolution of inflammation to create an insight into new possible therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Christina Hartel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt. Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadine Merz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt. Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt. Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sabine Grösch,
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