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Holt M, Lin J, Cicka M, Wong A, Epelman S, Lavine KJ. Dissecting and Visualizing the Functional Diversity of Cardiac Macrophages. Circ Res 2024; 134:1791-1807. [PMID: 38843293 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac macrophages represent a functionally diverse population of cells involved in cardiac homeostasis, repair, and remodeling. With recent advancements in single-cell technologies, it is possible to elucidate specific macrophage subsets based on transcriptional signatures and cell surface protein expression to gain a deep understanding of macrophage diversity in the heart. The use of fate-mapping technologies and parabiosis studies have provided insight into the ontogeny and dynamics of macrophages identifying subsets derived from embryonic and adult definitive hematopoietic progenitors that include tissue-resident and bone marrow monocyte-derived macrophages, respectively. Within the heart, these subsets have distinct tissue niches and functional roles in the setting of homeostasis and disease, with cardiac resident macrophages representing a protective cell population while bone marrow monocyte-derived cardiac macrophages have a context-dependent effect, triggering both proinflammatory tissue injury, but also promoting reparative functions. With the increased understanding of the clinical relevance of cardiac macrophage subsets, there has been an increasing need to detect and measure cardiac macrophage compositions in living animals and patients. New molecular tracers compatible with positron emission tomography/computerized tomography and positron emission tomography/ magnetic resonance imaging have enabled investigators to noninvasively and serially visualize cardiac macrophage subsets within the heart to define associations with disease and measure treatment responses. Today, advancements within this thriving field are poised to fuel an era of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Holt
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine (M.H., M.C., K.J.L.)
| | - Julia Lin
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.L., A.W., S.E.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (J.L., A.W., S.E.)
| | - Markus Cicka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine (M.H., M.C., K.J.L.)
| | - Anthony Wong
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.L., A.W., S.E.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (J.L., A.W., S.E.)
| | - Slava Epelman
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.L., A.W., S.E.)
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.E.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (J.L., A.W., S.E.)
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.E.)
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine (M.H., M.C., K.J.L.)
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Tikhomirov R, Oakley RH, Anderson C, Xiang Y, Al-Othman S, Smith M, Yaar S, Torre E, Li J, Wilson LR, Goulding DR, Donaldson I, Harno E, Soattin L, Shiels HA, Morris GM, Zhang H, Boyett MR, Cidlowski JA, Mesirca P, Mangoni ME, D'Souza A. Cardiac GR Mediates the Diurnal Rhythm in Ventricular Arrhythmia Susceptibility. Circ Res 2024; 134:1306-1326. [PMID: 38533639 PMCID: PMC11081863 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) demonstrate a prominent day-night rhythm, commonly presenting in the morning. Transcriptional rhythms in cardiac ion channels accompany this phenomenon, but their role in the morning vulnerability to VAs and the underlying mechanisms are not understood. We investigated the recruitment of transcription factors that underpins transcriptional rhythms in ion channels and assessed whether this mechanism was pertinent to the heart's intrinsic diurnal susceptibility to VA. METHODS AND RESULTS Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing performed in mouse ventricular myocyte nuclei at the beginning of the animals' inactive (ZT0) and active (ZT12) periods revealed differentially accessible chromatin sites annotating to rhythmically transcribed ion channels and distinct transcription factor binding motifs in these regions. Notably, motif enrichment for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR; transcriptional effector of corticosteroid signaling) in open chromatin profiles at ZT12 was observed, in line with the well-recognized ZT12 peak in circulating corticosteroids. Molecular, electrophysiological, and in silico biophysically-detailed modeling approaches demonstrated GR-mediated transcriptional control of ion channels (including Scn5a underlying the cardiac Na+ current, Kcnh2 underlying the rapid delayed rectifier K+ current, and Gja1 responsible for electrical coupling) and their contribution to the day-night rhythm in the vulnerability to VA. Strikingly, both pharmacological block of GR and cardiomyocyte-specific genetic knockout of GR blunted or abolished ion channel expression rhythms and abolished the ZT12 susceptibility to pacing-induced VA in isolated hearts. CONCLUSIONS Our study registers a day-night rhythm in chromatin accessibility that accompanies diurnal cycles in ventricular myocytes. Our approaches directly implicate the cardiac GR in the myocyte excitability rhythm and mechanistically link the ZT12 surge in glucocorticoids to intrinsic VA propensity at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tikhomirov
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.T., M.S., A.D.)
| | - Robert H Oakley
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Cali Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yirong Xiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (Y.X., H.Z.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Al-Othman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.T., M.S., A.D.)
| | - Sana Yaar
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Torre
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-34094 Montpellier France (E.T., P.M., M.E.M.)
| | - Jianying Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Leslie R Wilson
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - David R Goulding
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Ian Donaldson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility (I.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Harno
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology (E.H.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Soattin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gwilym M Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia (G.M.M.)
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (Y.X., H.Z.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Boyett
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom (M.R.B.)
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Pietro Mesirca
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-34094 Montpellier France (E.T., P.M., M.E.M.)
| | - Matteo E Mangoni
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-34094 Montpellier France (E.T., P.M., M.E.M.)
| | - Alicia D'Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.T., M.S., A.D.)
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Cao H, Liao Y, Hong J. Protective effects of METRNL overexpression against pathological cardiac remodeling. Gene 2024; 901:148171. [PMID: 38242372 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
At present, meteorin-like protein (METRNL) has been proven to be widely expressed in the myocardium and participates in the pathogenic process of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of METRNL on pathological cardiac hypertrophy is still unknown. In the present study, we used a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to mimic pathological cardiac hypertrophy and gene delivery system to overexpress METRNL in vivo. The results showed that METRNL overexpression improved TAC-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice and neonatal cardiomyocytes. In addition, METRNL overexpression diminished TAC-induced cardiac oxidative damage, inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Moreover, the cardioprotective effect of METRNL overexpression was directly related to the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin1 (SIRT1). In summary, our data identified that METRNL may be a promising therapeutic target to mitigate pathological cardiac hypertrophy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Cao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Liao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Junmou Hong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Li X, Wu Y, Yang Y, Wu Y, Yu X, Hu W. Omaveloxolone ameliorates isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Free Radic Res 2024; 58:57-68. [PMID: 38145457 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2299359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcriptional regulator that plays a protective role against various cardiovascular diseases. Omaveloxolone is a newly discovered potent activator of Nrf2 that has a variety of cytoprotective functions. However, the potential role of omaveloxolone in the process of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are still unknown. In this study, an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy model was established to investigate the protective effect of omaveloxolone in vivo and in vitro. Our study first confirmed that omaveloxolone administration improved ISO-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Omaveloxolone administration also diminished ISO-induced cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In addition, omaveloxolone administration activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and Nrf2 knockdown almost completely abolished the cardioprotective effect of omaveloxolone, indicated that the cardioprotective effect of omaveloxolone was directly related to the activation of the Nrf2 signaling. In summary, our study identified that omaveloxolone may be a promising therapeutic agent to mitigate pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchao Li
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunzhao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaohua Wu
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Gómez-Torres F, Ballesteros-Acuña L, Ruíz-Sauri A. Histopathological changes in the electrical conduction of cardiac nodes after acute myocardial infarction in dogs and horses, compared with findings in humans: A histological, morphometrical, and immunohistochemical study. Vet World 2023; 16:2173-2185. [PMID: 38023272 PMCID: PMC10668561 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2173-2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The heart conduction system is responsible for the occurrence of various types of cardiac arrhythmia. This study aimed to histologically and morphometrically describe damaged cardiac nodes during acute myocardial infarction and to compare them with normal tissues in dogs and horses. Materials and Methods This study describes the morphometry of cardiac nodes in five dogs and five elderly horses that succumbed to sudden cardiac death (SCD). A computerized morphometric study was conducted to determine the number of cells composing the nodes, different shape and size parameters of nodes, and their relationship with degenerative changes due to cardiac conditions. Results In both species, the sinoatrial node (SAN) was ovoid in shape whereas the atrioventricular node (AVN) was pyramidal in shape. The percentage of collagen fibers inside the SAN of dogs (47%) and horses (50%) was found to be higher than that of cells. In contrast, the percentage of cells in the AVN of dogs (24%) and horses (16%) was higher than that of connective tissues. In the SAN, the area (p = 0.09), maximum diameter (<0.001), and mean diameter (0.003) of P cells were larger in dogs than in horses. Conclusion Overall, the SAN cells and surrounding cardiomyocytes in dogs and horses as well as the AVN cells in dogs that succumbed to SCD decreased in size compared with those in normal hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Gómez-Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Luis Ballesteros-Acuña
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Amparo Ruíz-Sauri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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