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Choudhary A, Kumar A, Jindal M, Rhuthuparna M, Munshi A. MicroRNA signatures in neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and neurotransmission in association with depression. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01065-4. [PMID: 39695016 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a multifactorial disorder that occurs mainly on account of the dysregulation of neuroplasticity, neurotransmission and neuroinflammation in the brain. In addition to environmental /lifestyle factors, the pathogenesis of disease has been associated with genetic and epigenetic factors that affect the reprogramming of normal brain function. MicroRNA (miRNAs), a type of non-coding RNAs, are emerging as significant players that play a vital role in the regulation of gene expression and have been extensively explored in neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies have also shown the role of gut microbiota that forms a complex bidirectional network with gut brain axis, impacting neuroinflammation in case of Parkinson's disease and depression. Translating targeted miRNA-based therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders including depression, into clinical practice remains challenging due to the ineffective delivery of the therapeutic molecules and off-target effects of the specific miRNAs. This review provides significant insights into how miRNAs are emerging as vital players in the development of depression, especially the ones involved in three important processes including neuroplasticity, neurotransmission and neuroinflammation. In this review, the current status of miRNAs as biomarkers for therapeutic interventions in the case of depression has been discussed along with an overview of future perspectives, like use of nanotechnology and gene editing, keeping in view other multifactorial disorders where such interventions by mimics and inhibitors have already reached clinical trials. The challenges for targeting the specific miRNAs for therapeutic outcomes have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Choudhary
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicines, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicines, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Manav Jindal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - M Rhuthuparna
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicines, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicines, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Zhang W, Zhou Q. Fructus Arctii Mitigates Depressive Disorder via the Let-7e-Modulated Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) Signaling Pathway. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e70132. [PMID: 39538967 PMCID: PMC11560858 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorder is a common and serious public health challenge globally. Fructus arctii is a traditional medicinal plant ingredient with diverse pharmacological effects. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Fructus arctii in alleviating depressive-like behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression mouse model to assess the antidepressant effects of Fructus arctii. BV2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to mimic neuronal damage. Behavioral tests, including the sucrose preference test, tail-suspension test, and forced swim test, were conducted to evaluate the impact of Fructus arctii on depressive-like behaviors. Let-7e expression was detected by RT-qPCR, and TLR4 signaling pathway activation was evaluated by western blot analysis, which also assessed the inflammatory response by measuring levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-α, and iNOS. Immunohistological analysis was conducted to detect the expression of microglia markers. Luciferase reporter assays verified the interaction between let-7e and TLR4. RESULTS Fructus arctii administration effectively alleviated depressive-like behaviors induced by CUMS in mice, as evidenced by improved sucrose preference and reduced immobility time in behavioral tests. Mechanistically, Fructus arctii reversed the CUMS-induced downregulation of let-7e and upregulation of TLR4 and MyD88 protein levels in mice hippocampus tissues. In addition, Fructus arctii suppressed microglial activation and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors by upregulating let-7e. Let-7e was verified to bind to TLR4, thereby negatively regulating its expression. TLR4 overexpression reversed the suppressive effect of let-7e upregulation on inflammatory reactions and microglial activation. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular injection of let-7e agomiR alleviated depressive-like behavior and inhibited microglial activation in vivo. CONCLUSION In summary, Fructus arctii mitigates depression by regulating the let-7e/TLR4/MyD88 pathway, offering new insights into potential depression therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuChina
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pediatric PsychiatryThe Affiliated Xuzhou Eastern Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/Xuzhou Eastern People's HospitalXuzhouJiangsuChina
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Prodan-Bărbulescu C, Alin CD, Faur IF, Bujor GC, Şeclăman EP, Enătescu V, Dănilă AI, Dăescu E, Hajjar R, Ghenciu LA, Tuţac P, Paşca P, Cimpean AM, Duta C. Identification of Specific Plasma miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2165. [PMID: 39457478 PMCID: PMC11505153 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKROUND Depression is a significant concern in clinical and preclinical psychoneurobiological sciences due to its high prevalence and its individual and collective consequences. Identifying efficient biomarkers for accurate diagnosis is crucial, with ideal biomarkers having detectable serum levels and conformational and thermal stability. This study aims to identify stable plasma biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of major depressive disorder, as the pathogenesis of the disorder remains incompletely understood, affecting diagnosis accuracy. METHODS Thus, this study included ten MDD patients and eight healthy controls. The present work analyzed miRNAs in patients with major depressive disorder compared to healthy controls. RESULTS Eleven specific miRNAs, particularly hsa-miR-874-3p; hsa-let-7d-5p; and hsa-miR-93-3p showed upregulation-type plasma variations in the group of patients with major depressive disorder. miRNA functionality is linked to depressive pathophysiology. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a "bouquet" of miRNAs with significant upregulation variations in patients with major depressive disorder, suggesting further research to determine their suitability for personalization and evaluation, ultimately becoming integral components of major depression serological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Prodan-Bărbulescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- Department I—Discipline of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- IInd Surgery Clinic, Timisoara Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Daniel Alin
- Department of General Surgery, “Colţea” Clinical Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bulevardul Eroii Sanitari 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionuţ Flaviu Faur
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- IInd Surgery Clinic, Timisoara Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- X Department of General Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Georgeta Cristiana Bujor
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- Department IV—Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Edward Paul Şeclăman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- Department IV—Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Virgil Enătescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra-Ioana Dănilă
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- Department I—Discipline of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Dăescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- Department I—Discipline of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Rami Hajjar
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- IInd Surgery Clinic, Timisoara Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- X Department of General Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura Andreea Ghenciu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- Department III—Discipline of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paul Tuţac
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paul Paşca
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- IInd Surgery Clinic, Timisoara Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- X Department of General Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Cimpean
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center of Expertise for Rare Vascular Disease in Children, Emergency Hospital for Children Louis Turcanu, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ciprian Duta
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.P.-B.); (G.C.B.); (E.P.Ş.); (V.E.); (A.-I.D.); (E.D.); (R.H.); (L.A.G.); (P.T.); (P.P.); (A.M.C.); (C.D.)
- IInd Surgery Clinic, Timisoara Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- X Department of General Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Rockson C, Girish C, Natarajan H, Menon V. A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Indian J Psychol Med 2024:02537176241279110. [PMID: 39564330 PMCID: PMC11572534 DOI: 10.1177/02537176241279110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory cytokines are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, whether they are trait or state biomarkers remains unclear. We aimed to assess and compare selected cytokines, miRNAs, and oxidative stress biomarker levels between patients with MDD, first-degree relatives (FDRs), and unrelated healthy controls (UHCs). Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited patients with MDD, their FDRs and age, gender, body mass index-matched UHCs. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, hs-CRP, and IL-10 were evaluated using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. We quantified the gene expressions of plasma miR-16, miR-132, and miR-1202 using Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). We estimated the total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels in the serum by ELISA. We used sequential multiple linear regression analysis to find the association between MDD vs. UHCs (model 1), FDRs vs. UHCs (model 2), and MDD vs. FDRs (model 3) after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI as covariates. Results The study involved 50 patients with MDD (mean age = 34.7 ± 10.1 years), 31 FDRs (mean age = 32.7 ± 12.2 years), and 50 UHCs (mean age = 34.1 ± 10.3 years). Patients with MDD had higher levels IL-6 (β = 6.04; 95% CI; 1.60 to 10.49; p = 0.008) and downregulated miR-1202 (β = -0.38; 95% CI: -0.70 to -0.06; p = 0.02) compared to FDRs with statistically significant differences. Conclusion The higher levels of serum IL-6 and downregulated plasma miR-1202 expression in patients with MDD compared to FDRs may be a state biomarkers in MDD. However, an adequately powered study can answer these questions with certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rockson
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
- *The first author made an oral presentation "The cytokine levels and miRNA expression in patients with major depressive disorder" on March 01, 2024, on the JIPMER Research Day 2024
| | - Chandrashekaran Girish
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Harivenkatesh Natarajan
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Vikas Menon
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Aljabali AAA, Alkaraki AK, Gammoh O, Tambuwala MM, Mishra V, Mishra Y, Hassan SS, El-Tanani M. Deciphering Depression: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:638. [PMID: 39194576 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Depression, a significant mental health disorder, is under intense research scrutiny to uncover its molecular foundations. Epigenetics, which focuses on controlling gene expression without altering DNA sequences, offers promising avenues for innovative treatment. This review explores the pivotal role of epigenetics in depression, emphasizing two key aspects: (I) identifying epigenetic targets for new antidepressants and (II) using personalized medicine based on distinct epigenetic profiles, highlighting potential epigenetic focal points such as DNA methylation, histone structure alterations, and non-coding RNA molecules such as miRNAs. Variations in DNA methylation in individuals with depression provide opportunities to target genes that are associated with neuroplasticity and synaptic activity. Aberrant histone acetylation may indicate that antidepressant strategies involve enzyme modifications. Modulating miRNA levels can reshape depression-linked gene expression. The second section discusses personalized medicine based on epigenetic profiles. Analyzing these patterns could identify biomarkers associated with treatment response and susceptibility to depression, facilitating tailored treatments and proactive mental health care. Addressing ethical concerns regarding epigenetic information, such as privacy and stigmatization, is crucial in understanding the biological basis of depression. Therefore, researchers must consider these issues when examining the role of epigenetics in mental health disorders. The importance of epigenetics in depression is a critical aspect of modern medical research. These findings hold great potential for novel antidepressant medications and personalized treatments, which would significantly improve patient outcomes, and transform psychiatry. As research progresses, it is expected to uncover more complex aspects of epigenetic processes associated with depression, enhance our comprehension, and increase the effectiveness of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Almuthanna K Alkaraki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sk Sarif Hassan
- Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur 721140, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
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Dong T, Yu C, Mao Q, Han F, Yang Z, Yang Z, Pires N, Wei X, Jing W, Lin Q, Hu F, Hu X, Zhao L, Jiang Z. Advances in biosensors for major depressive disorder diagnostic biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116291. [PMID: 38735080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and is mainly characterized by low mood or lack of interest and pleasure. It can be accompanied by varying degrees of cognitive and behavioral changes and may lead to suicide risk in severe cases. Due to the subjectivity of diagnostic methods and the complexity of patients' conditions, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) has always been a difficult problem in psychiatry. With the discovery of more diagnostic biomarkers associated with MDD in recent years, especially emerging non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), it is possible to quantify the condition of patients with mental illness based on biomarker levels. Point-of-care biosensors have emerged due to their advantages of convenient sampling, rapid detection, miniaturization, and portability. After summarizing the pathogenesis of MDD, representative biomarkers, including proteins, hormones, and RNAs, are discussed. Furthermore, we analyzed recent advances in biosensors for detecting various types of biomarkers of MDD, highlighting representative electrochemical sensors. Future trends in terms of new biomarkers, new sample processing methods, and new detection modalities are expected to provide a complete reference for psychiatrists and biomedical engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Chenghui Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Qi Mao
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Feng Han
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhenwei Yang
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Nuno Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weixuan Jing
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qijing Lin
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Fei Hu
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Smart Justice, School of Criminal Investigation, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Libo Zhao
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Chaney S, Marks S, Wynter R. 'Almost nothing is firmly established': A History of Heredity and Genetics in Mental Health Science. Wellcome Open Res 2024; 9:208. [PMID: 39221444 PMCID: PMC11362721 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20628.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background For more than a century, scientists have tried to find the key to causation of mental ill health in heredity and genetics. The difficulty of finding clear and actionable answers in our genes has not stopped them looking. This history offers important context to understanding mental health science today. Methods This article explores the main themes in research on genetics and inheritance in psychiatry from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present day, to address the question: what is the history of genetics as a causative explanation in mental health science? We take a critical historical approach to the literature, interrogating primary and secondary material for the light it brings to the research question, while considering the social and historical context. Results We begin with the statistics gathered in asylums and used to 'prove' the importance of heredity in mental ill health. We then move through early twentieth century Mendelian models of mental inheritance, the eugenics movement, the influence of social psychiatry, new classifications and techniques of the postwar era, the Human Genome Project and Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and epigenetics. Setting these themes in historical context shows that this research was often popular because of wider social, political and cultural issues, which impacted the views of scientists just as they did those of policymakers, journalists and the general public. Conclusions We argue that attempting to unpick this complex history is essential to the modern ethics of mental health and genetics, as well as helping to focus our efforts to better understand causation in mental ill-health.For a succinct timeline of the history of psychiatric genetics, alongside the history of other proposed causes for mental ill-health, visit: https://historyofcauses.co.uk/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chaney
- Centre for the History of the Emotions, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, UK
| | - Sarah Marks
- School of Historical Studies, Birkbeck University of London, London, England, UK
| | - Rebecca Wynter
- School of Historical Studies, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
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8
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Voelz C, Trinh S, Käver L, Tran MT, Beyer C, Seitz J. MiRNA research-The potential for understanding the multiple facets of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1489-1494. [PMID: 38545802 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) has a multifaceted and complex pathology, yet major gaps remain in our understanding of factors involved in AN pathology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a regulatory role in translating genes into proteins and help understand and treat diseases. An extensive literature review on miRNAs with AN and comorbidities has uncovered a significant lack in miRNA research. To demonstrate the importance of understanding miRNA deregulation, we surveyed the literature on depression and obesity providing examples of relevant miRNAs. For AN, no miRNA sequencing or array studies have been found, unlike other psychiatric disorders. For depression and obesity, screenings and mechanistic studies were conducted, leading to clinical studies to improve understanding of their regulatory influences. MiRNAs are promising targets for studying AN due to their role as signaling molecules, involvement in psychiatric-metabolic axes, and potential as biomarkers. These characteristics offer valuable insights into the disease's etiology and potential new treatment options. The first miRNA-based treatment for rare metabolic disorders has been approved by the FDA and it is expected that these advancements will increase in the next decade. MiRNA research in AN is essential to examine its role in the development, manifestation, and progression of the disease. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: The current understanding of the development and treatment of AN is insufficient. miRNAs are short regulatory sequences that influence the translation of genes into proteins. They are the subject of research in various diseases, including both metabolic and psychiatric disorders. Studying miRNAs in AN may elucidate their causal and regulatory role, uncover potential biomarkers, and allow for future targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Voelz
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Trinh
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Käver
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mai-Tam Tran
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Aachen, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, JARA-Brain, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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9
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Bansal Y, Codeluppi SA, Banasr M. Astroglial Dysfunctions in Mood Disorders and Rodent Stress Models: Consequences on Behavior and Potential as Treatment Target. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6357. [PMID: 38928062 PMCID: PMC11204179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte dysfunctions have been consistently observed in patients affected with depression and other psychiatric illnesses. Although over the years our understanding of these changes, their origin, and their consequences on behavior and neuronal function has deepened, many aspects of the role of astroglial dysfunction in major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remain unknown. In this review, we summarize the known astroglial dysfunctions associated with MDD and PTSD, highlight the impact of chronic stress on specific astroglial functions, and how astroglial dysfunctions are implicated in the expression of depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, focusing on behavioral consequences of astroglial manipulation on emotion-related and fear-learning behaviors. We also offer a glance at potential astroglial functions that can be targeted for potential antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bansal
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Sierra A. Codeluppi
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M2J 4A6, Canada
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Bajaj S, Mahesh R. Converged avenues: depression and Alzheimer's disease- shared pathophysiology and novel therapeutics. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:225. [PMID: 38281208 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Depression, a highly prevalent disorder affecting over 280 million people worldwide, is comorbid with many neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Depression and AD share overlapping pathophysiology, and the search for accountable biological substrates made it an essential and intriguing field of research. The paper outlines the neurobiological pathways coinciding with depression and AD, including neurotrophin signalling, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), cellular apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and other aetiological factors. Understanding overlapping pathways is crucial in identifying common pathophysiological substrates that can be targeted for effective management of disease state. Antidepressants, particularly monoaminergic drugs (first-line therapy), are shown to have modest or no clinical benefits. Regardless of the ineffectiveness of conventional antidepressants, these drugs remain the mainstay for treating depressive symptoms in AD. To overcome the ineffectiveness of traditional pharmacological agents in treating comorbid conditions, a novel therapeutic class has been discussed in the paper. This includes neurotransmitter modulators, glutamatergic system modulators, mitochondrial modulators, antioxidant agents, HPA axis targeted therapy, inflammatory system targeted therapy, neurogenesis targeted therapy, repurposed anti-diabetic agents, and others. The primary clinical challenge is the development of therapeutic agents and the effective diagnosis of the comorbid condition for which no specific diagnosable scale is present. Hence, introducing Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the healthcare system is revolutionary. AI implemented with interdisciplinary strategies (neuroimaging, EEG, molecular biomarkers) bound to have accurate clinical interpretation of symptoms. Moreover, AI has the potential to forecast neurodegenerative and psychiatric illness much in advance before visible/observable clinical symptoms get precipitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanshu Bajaj
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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