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Wang R, Hussain A, Guo QQ, Jin XW, Wang MM. Oxygen and Iron Availability Shapes Metabolic Adaptations of Cancer Cells. World J Oncol 2024; 15:28-37. [PMID: 38274726 PMCID: PMC10807922 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic changes between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) output, along with glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid utilization, etc., lead to the maintenance and selection of growth advantageous to tumor cell subgroups in an environment of iron starvation and hypoxia. Iron plays an important role in the three major biochemical reactions in nature: photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and oxidative respiration, which all require the participation of iron-sulfur proteins, such as ferredoxin, cytochrome b, and the complex I, II, III in the electron transport chain, respectively. Abnormal iron-sulfur cluster synthesis process or hypoxia will directly affect the function of mitochondrial electron transfer and mitochondrial OXPHOS. More research results have indicated that iron metabolism, oxygen availability and hypoxia-inducible factor mutually regulate the shift between glycolysis and OXPHOS. In this article, we make a perspective review to provide novel opinions of the regulation of glycolysis and OXPHOS in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Suqian Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian City, China
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou City, China
| | - Aashiq Hussain
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - Quan Quan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Suqian Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian City, China
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou City, China
| | - Xiao Wei Jin
- Department of Oncology, Suqian Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian City, China
| | - Miao Miao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian City, China
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Ariano C, Costanza F, Akman M, Riganti C, Corà D, Casanova E, Astanina E, Comunanza V, Bussolino F, Doronzo G. TFEB inhibition induces melanoma shut-down by blocking the cell cycle and rewiring metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:314. [PMID: 37160873 PMCID: PMC10170071 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Melanomas are characterised by accelerated cell proliferation and metabolic reprogramming resulting from the contemporary dysregulation of the MAPK pathway, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here, we suggest that the oncogenic transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function, controls melanoma tumour growth through a transcriptional programme targeting ERK1/2 activity and glucose, glutamine and cholesterol metabolism. Mechanistically, TFEB binds and negatively regulates the promoter of DUSP-1, which dephosphorylates ERK1/2. In melanoma cells, TFEB silencing correlates with ERK1/2 dephosphorylation at the activation-related p-Thr185 and p-Tyr187 residues. The decreased ERK1/2 activity synergises with TFEB control of CDK4 expression, resulting in cell proliferation blockade. Simultaneously, TFEB rewires metabolism, influencing glycolysis, glucose and glutamine uptake, and cholesterol synthesis. In TFEB-silenced melanoma cells, cholesterol synthesis is impaired, and the uptake of glucose and glutamine is inhibited, leading to a reduction in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, the reduction in TFEB level induces reverses TCA cycle, leading to fatty acid production. A syngeneic BRAFV600E melanoma model recapitulated the in vitro study results, showing that TFEB silencing sustains the reduction in tumour growth, increase in DUSP-1 level and inhibition of ERK1/2 action, suggesting a pivotal role for TFEB in maintaining proliferative melanoma cell behaviour and the operational metabolic pathways necessary for meeting the high energy demands of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ariano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - F Costanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - M Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - C Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - D Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - E Casanova
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - E Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - V Comunanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - F Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - G Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
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Menchikov LG, Shestov AA, Popov AV. Warburg Effect Revisited: Embodiment of Classical Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry. Current State and Prospects. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:S1-S20. [PMID: 37069111 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923140018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The Nobel Prize Winner (1931) Dr. Otto H. Warburg had established that the primary energy source of the cancer cell is aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect). He also postulated the hypothesis about "the prime cause of cancer", which is a matter of debate nowadays. Contrary to the hypothesis, his discovery was recognized entirely. However, the discovery had almost vanished in the heat of battle about the hypothesis. The prime cause of cancer is essential for the prevention and diagnosis, yet the effects that influence tumor growth are more important for cancer treatment. Due to the Warburg effect, a large amount of data has been accumulated on biochemical changes in the cell and the organism as a whole. Due to the Warburg effect, the recovery of normal biochemistry and oxygen respiration and the restoration of the work of mitochondria of cancer cells can inhibit tumor growth and lead to remission. Here, we review the current knowledge on the inhibition of abnormal glycolysis, neutralization of its consequences, and normalization of biochemical parameters, as well as recovery of oxygen respiration of a cancer cell and mitochondrial function from the point of view of classical biochemistry and organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid G Menchikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Shestov
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Li T, Qiao T. Unraveling tumor microenvironment of small-cell lung cancer: implications for immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:117-125. [PMID: 36183998 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung cancer subtype and its first-line treatment has remained unchanged for decades. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment, whereas, patients with SCLC exhibit poor overall responses to immunotherapy alone, which highlights the necessity for combinatorial approaches. The tumor microenvironment (TME), an integral component in cancer, is widely implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. The interactions of various cells within TME shape the adverse conditions of the tumor microenvironment (characterized by hypoxia, nutrient restriction, and acidity) and are considered responsible for the modest therapeutic responses to immunotherapy. Several studies have suggested that adverse TME can regulate immune cell activation and function. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms and their implications on immunotherapy remain unclear. Thus, it is worth unraveling the characteristics of TME and its impact on antitumor immunity, in the hope of devising novel strategies to reinforce immunotherapeutic effects on SCLC. In this review, we firstly elaborate on the immune landscape of SCLC and the formation of three remarkable characteristics in TME, as well as the interaction among them. Next, we summarize the latest findings regarding the impacts of adverse TME on immune cells and its targeted therapy in SCLC. Finally, we discuss the ongoing trials in combination therapy and potential directions of SCLC therapy. Collectively, the findings combined here are expected to aid the design of trials for combining immunotherapy with therapy targeting the TME of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Western Theater Command Air Force Hospital, Chengdu 610065, China; School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Tianyun Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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5
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Targeting metabolism to overcome cancer drug resistance: A promising therapeutic strategy for diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 61:100822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Sun Q, Liu B, Zhao R, Feng L, Wang Z, Dong S, Dong Y, Gai S, Ding H, Yang P. Calcium Peroxide-Based Nanosystem with Cancer Microenvironment-Activated Capabilities for Imaging Guided Combination Therapy via Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Overload and Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44096-44107. [PMID: 34499466 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the "power plant" of the cell, providing a constant source of energy, and are involved in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways. Among these pathways, Ca2+ homeostasis is closely related to the normal function of mitochondria. By destroying the Ca2+ steady state of mitochondria and disrupting their multiple cellular activities, tumor cell killing can be achieved. In addition, the presence of an intracellular oxidative stress state triggers the closure of cellular calcium channels, which leads to intracellular Ca2+ retention and enrichment. We designed a targeted and tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive CaO2-based nanosystem that can selectively target cancer cells for pH-controlled degradation and drug release, alter cellular physiological mechanisms by disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis in an artificial manner, and introduce mitochondrial Ca2+ excess-mediated apoptosis. Meanwhile, the production of Ca(OH)2 will raise the pH of the microenvironment and subsequently promote the oxidation process of glutathione by H2O2 released from CaO2 degradation, achieving the goal of remodeling TME. Moreover, calcium overload of tumor cells and calcification of tissues can both inhibit tumor growth and act as a contrast agent for computed tomography imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruoxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yushan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - He Ding
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Scalise M, Console L, Cosco J, Pochini L, Galluccio M, Indiveri C. ASCT1 and ASCT2: Brother and Sister? SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:1148-1163. [PMID: 34269129 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The SLC1 family includes seven members divided into two groups, namely, EAATs and ASCTs, that share similar 3D architecture; the first one includes high-affinity glutamate transporters, and the second one includes SLC1A4 and SLC1A5, known as ASCT1 and ASCT2, respectively, responsible for the traffic of neutral amino acids across the cell plasma membrane. The physiological role of ASCT1 and ASCT2 has been investigated over the years, revealing different properties in terms of substrate specificities, affinities, and regulation by physiological effectors and posttranslational modifications. Furthermore, ASCT1 and ASCT2 are involved in pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. This has driven research in the pharmaceutical field aimed to find drugs able to target the two proteins.This review focuses on structural, functional, and regulatory aspects of ASCT1 and ASCT2, highlighting similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Jessica Cosco
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
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Fu Y, Ricciardiello F, Yang G, Qiu J, Huang H, Xiao J, Cao Z, Zhao F, Liu Y, Luo W, Chen G, You L, Chiaradonna F, Zheng L, Zhang T. The Role of Mitochondria in the Chemoresistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:497. [PMID: 33669111 PMCID: PMC7996512 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The first-line chemotherapies for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer (PC) are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gemcitabine therapy. However, due to chemoresistance the prognosis of patients with PC has not been significantly improved. Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotes that evolved from aerobic bacteria. In recent years, many studies have shown that mitochondria play important roles in tumorigenesis and may act as chemotherapeutic targets in PC. In addition, according to recent studies, mitochondria may play important roles in the chemoresistance of PC by affecting apoptosis, metabolism, mtDNA metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics. Interfering with some of these factors in mitochondria may improve the sensitivity of PC cells to chemotherapeutic agents, such as gemcitabine, making mitochondria promising targets for overcoming chemoresistance in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Fu
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Francesca Ricciardiello
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Gang Yang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Hua Huang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Zhe Cao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yueze Liu
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Wenhao Luo
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Guangyu Chen
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lei You
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Taiping Zhang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
- Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Oncogenic K-ras Induces Mitochondrial OPA3 Expression to Promote Energy Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010065. [PMID: 31881642 PMCID: PMC7016999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
K-ras (Kirsten ras GTPase) mutations are oncogenic events frequently observed in many cancer types especially in pancreatic cancer. Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with K-ras mutation, the molecular mechanisms by which K-ras impacts mitochondria and maintains metabolic homeostasis are not fully understood. In this study, we used two K-ras inducible cell systems, human pancreatic epithelial/ K-rasG12D (HPNE/K-rasG12D) and human embryonic kidney cells with tetracycline repressorT-Rex/K-rasG12V, to evaluate the role of oncogenic K-ras in regulating mitochondrial function. Among a panel of genes known to affect mitochondria, only the expression of OPA3 (optic atrophy protein 3) was consistently up-regulated by K-ras activation in both cell lines. Importantly, high expression of OPA3 was also observed in clinical pancreatic cancer tissues. Genetic knockdown of OPA3 caused a significant decrease of energy metabolism, manifested by a suppression of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and a decrease in cellular ATP content, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation capacity and reduced expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Our study suggests that OPA3 may promote cellular energy metabolism and its up-regulation in K-ras-driven cancer is likely a mechanism to offset the negative impact of K-ras on mitochondria to maintain energy homeostasis. As such, OPA3 could be a potential target to kill cancer cells with K-ras mutations.
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11
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Medina MÁ. Mathematical modeling of cancer metabolism. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 124:37-40. [PMID: 29548484 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic approaches are needed and useful for the study of the very complex issue of cancer. Modeling has a central position in these systemic approaches. Metabolic reprogramming is nowadays acknowledged as an essential hallmark of cancer. Mathematical modeling could contribute to a better understanding of cancer metabolic reprogramming and to identify new potential ways of therapeutic intervention. Herein, I review several alternative approaches to metabolic modeling and their current and future impact in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Medina
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071, Málaga, Spain.
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12
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Scalise M, Pochini L, Galluccio M, Console L, Indiveri C. Glutamine Transport and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer Cell Growth. Front Oncol 2017; 7:306. [PMID: 29376023 PMCID: PMC5770653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that cancer is a metabolic disease is now well acknowledged: many cancer cell types rely mostly on glucose and some amino acids, especially glutamine for energy supply. These findings were corroborated by overexpression of plasma membrane nutrient transporters, such as the glucose transporters (GLUTs) and some amino acid transporters such as ASCT2, LAT1, and ATB0,+, which became promising targets for pharmacological intervention. On the basis of their sodium-dependent transport modes, ASCT2 and ATB0+ have the capacity to sustain glutamine need of cancer cells; while LAT1, which is sodium independent will have the role of providing cancer cells with some amino acids with plausible signaling roles. According to the metabolic reprogramming of many types of cancer cells, glucose is mainly catabolized by aerobic glycolysis in tumors, while the fate of Glutamine is completed at mitochondrial level where the enzyme Glutaminase converts Glutamine to Glutamate. Glutamine rewiring in cancer cells is heterogeneous. For example, Glutamate is converted to α-Ketoglutarate giving rise to a truncated form of Krebs cycle. This reprogrammed pathway leads to the production of ATP mainly at substrate level and regeneration of reducing equivalents needed for cells growth, redox balance, and metabolic energy. Few studies on hypothetical mitochondrial transporter for Glutamine are reported and indirect evidences suggested its presence. Pharmacological compounds able to inhibit Glutamine metabolism may represent novel drugs for cancer treatments. Interestingly, well acknowledged targets for drugs are the Glutamine transporters of plasma membrane and the key enzyme Glutaminase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, Bari, Italy
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Damiani C, Colombo R, Gaglio D, Mastroianni F, Pescini D, Westerhoff HV, Mauri G, Vanoni M, Alberghina L. A metabolic core model elucidates how enhanced utilization of glucose and glutamine, with enhanced glutamine-dependent lactate production, promotes cancer cell growth: The WarburQ effect. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005758. [PMID: 28957320 PMCID: PMC5634631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells share several metabolic traits, including aerobic production of lactate from glucose (Warburg effect), extensive glutamine utilization and impaired mitochondrial electron flow. It is still unclear how these metabolic rearrangements, which may involve different molecular events in different cells, contribute to a selective advantage for cancer cell proliferation. To ascertain which metabolic pathways are used to convert glucose and glutamine to balanced energy and biomass production, we performed systematic constraint-based simulations of a model of human central metabolism. Sampling of the feasible flux space allowed us to obtain a large number of randomly mutated cells simulated at different glutamine and glucose uptake rates. We observed that, in the limited subset of proliferating cells, most displayed fermentation of glucose to lactate in the presence of oxygen. At high utilization rates of glutamine, oxidative utilization of glucose was decreased, while the production of lactate from glutamine was enhanced. This emergent phenotype was observed only when the available carbon exceeded the amount that could be fully oxidized by the available oxygen. Under the latter conditions, standard Flux Balance Analysis indicated that: this metabolic pattern is optimal to maximize biomass and ATP production; it requires the activity of a branched TCA cycle, in which glutamine-dependent reductive carboxylation cooperates to the production of lipids and proteins; it is sustained by a variety of redox-controlled metabolic reactions. In a K-ras transformed cell line we experimentally assessed glutamine-induced metabolic changes. We validated computational results through an extension of Flux Balance Analysis that allows prediction of metabolite variations. Taken together these findings offer new understanding of the logic of the metabolic reprogramming that underlies cancer cell growth. Hallmarks describing common key events in initiation, maintenance and progression of cancer have been identified. One hallmark deals with rewiring of metabolic reactions required to sustain enhanced cell proliferation. The availability of molecular, mechanistic models of cancer hallmarks will mightily improve optimized personal treatment and new drug discovery. Metabolism is the only hallmark for which it is currently possible to derive large scale mathematical models, which have predictive ability. In this paper, we exploit a constraint-based model of the core metabolism required for biomass conversion of the most relevant nutrients—glucose and glutamine—to clarify the logic of control of cancer metabolism. We newly report that, when available oxygen is not sufficient to fully oxidize available glucose and glutamine carbons–a situation compatible with that observed under normal oxygen conditions in human and in cancer cells growing in vitro—utilization of glutamine by reductive carboxylation and conversion of glucose and glutamine to lactate confer advantage for biomass production. Redox homeostasis can be maintained through the use of different alternative pathways. In conclusion, this paper offers a logic interpretation to the link between metabolic rewiring and enhanced proliferation, which may offer new approaches to targeted drug discovery and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Damiani
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Dept of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Colombo
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Dept of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Gaglio
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Mastroianni
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Dept of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Pescini
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Dept of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Hans Victor Westerhoff
- Dept of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giancarlo Mauri
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Dept of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Vanoni
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Dept of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail: (LA); (MV)
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Dept of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail: (LA); (MV)
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Roy M, Finley SD. Computational Model Predicts the Effects of Targeting Cellular Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Physiol 2017; 8:217. [PMID: 28446878 PMCID: PMC5388762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer that enables the cancer cells to meet the increased energetic requirements due to uncontrolled proliferation. One prominent example is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, an aggressive form of cancer with an overall 5-year survival rate of 5%. The reprogramming mechanism in pancreatic cancer involves deregulated uptake of glucose and glutamine and other opportunistic modes of satisfying energetic demands in a hypoxic and nutrient-poor environment. In the current study, we apply systems biology approaches to enable a better understanding of the dynamics of the distinct metabolic alterations in KRAS-mediated pancreatic cancer, with the goal of impeding early cell proliferation by identifying the optimal metabolic enzymes to target. We have constructed a kinetic model of metabolism represented as a set of ordinary differential equations that describe time evolution of the metabolite concentrations in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway. The model is comprised of 46 metabolites and 53 reactions. The mathematical model is fit to published enzyme knockdown experimental data. We then applied the model to perform in silico enzyme modulations and evaluate the effects on cell proliferation. Our work identifies potential combinations of enzyme knockdown, metabolite inhibition, and extracellular conditions that impede cell proliferation. Excitingly, the model predicts novel targets that can be tested experimentally. Therefore, the model is a tool to predict the effects of inhibiting specific metabolic reactions within pancreatic cancer cells, which is difficult to measure experimentally, as well as test further hypotheses toward targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Roy
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA.,Chemical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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De Sanctis G, Spinelli M, Vanoni M, Sacco E. K-Ras Activation Induces Differential Sensitivity to Sulfur Amino Acid Limitation and Deprivation and to Oxidative and Anti-Oxidative Stress in Mouse Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163790. [PMID: 27685888 PMCID: PMC5042513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells have an increased demand for amino acids and require transport even of non-essential amino acids to support their increased proliferation rate. Besides their major role as protein synthesis precursors, the two proteinogenic sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, play specific biological functions. In humans, methionine is essential for cell growth and development and may act as a precursor for cysteine synthesis. Cysteine is a precursor for the biosynthesis of glutathione, the major scavenger for reactive oxygen species. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We study the effect of K-ras oncogene activation in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts on transport and metabolism of cysteine and methionine. We show that cysteine limitation and deprivation cause apoptotic cell death (cytotoxic effect) in both normal and K-ras-transformed fibroblasts, due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and a decrease in reduced glutathione. Anti-oxidants glutathione and MitoTEMPO inhibit apoptosis, but only cysteine-containing glutathione partially rescues the cell growth defect induced by limiting cysteine. Methionine limitation and deprivation has a cytostatic effect on mouse fibroblasts, unaffected by glutathione. K-ras-transformed cells-but not their parental NIH3T3-are extremely sensitive to methionine limitation. This fragility correlates with decreased expression of the Slc6a15 gene-encoding the nutrient transporter SBAT1, known to exhibit a strong preference for methionine-and decreased methionine uptake. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Overall, limitation of sulfur-containing amino acids results in a more dramatic perturbation of the oxido-reductive balance in K-ras-transformed cells compared to NIH3T3 cells. Growth defects induced by cysteine limitation in mouse fibroblasts are largely-though not exclusively-due to cysteine utilization in the synthesis of glutathione, mouse fibroblasts requiring an exogenous cysteine source for protein synthesis. Therapeutic regimens of cancer involving modulation of methionine metabolism could be more effective in cells with limited methionine transport capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia De Sanctis
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Spinelli
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vanoni
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sacco
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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16
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Chiaradonna F, Cirulli C, Palorini R, Votta G, Alberghina L. New Insights into the Connection Between Histone Deacetylases, Cell Metabolism, and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:30-50. [PMID: 24483782 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Histone deacetylases (HDACs) activity and cell metabolism are considered important targets for cancer therapy, as both are deregulated and associated with the onset and maintenance of tumors. RECENT ADVANCES Besides the classical function of HDACs as HDAC enzymes controlling the transcription, it is becoming increasingly evident that these proteins are involved in the regulation of several other cellular processes by their ability to deacetylate hundreds of proteins with different functions in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Importantly, recent high-throughput studies have identified as important target proteins several enzymes involved in different metabolic pathways. Conversely, it has been also shown that metabolic intermediates may control HDACs activity. Consequently, the acetylation/deacetylation of metabolic enzymes and the ability of metabolic intermediates to modulate HDACs may represent a cross-talk connecting cell metabolism, transcription, and other HDACs-controlled processes in physiological and pathological conditions. CRITICAL ISSUES Since metabolic alterations and HDACs deregulation are important cancer hallmarks, disclosing connections among them may improve our understanding on cancer mechanisms and reveal novel therapeutic protocols against this disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS High-throughput metabolic studies performed by using more sophisticated technologies applied to the available models of conditional deletion of HDACs in cell lines or in mice will fill the gap in the current understanding and open directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- 1 SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology , Milan, Italy .,2 Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cirulli
- 1 SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology , Milan, Italy .,2 Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Palorini
- 1 SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology , Milan, Italy .,2 Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Votta
- 1 SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology , Milan, Italy .,2 Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan, Italy
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- 1 SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology , Milan, Italy .,2 Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan, Italy
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17
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Robey RB, Weisz J, Kuemmerle NB, Salzberg AC, Berg A, Brown DG, Kubik L, Palorini R, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Colacci A, Mondello C, Raju J, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Hamid RA, Williams GP, Lowe L, Meyer J, Martin FL, Bisson WH, Chiaradonna F, Ryan EP. Metabolic reprogramming and dysregulated metabolism: cause, consequence and/or enabler of environmental carcinogenesis? Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S203-31. [PMID: 26106140 PMCID: PMC4565609 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental contributions to cancer development are widely accepted, but only a fraction of all pertinent exposures have probably been identified. Traditional toxicological approaches to the problem have largely focused on the effects of individual agents at singular endpoints. As such, they have incompletely addressed both the pro-carcinogenic contributions of environmentally relevant low-dose chemical mixtures and the fact that exposures can influence multiple cancer-associated endpoints over varying timescales. Of these endpoints, dysregulated metabolism is one of the most common and recognizable features of cancer, but its specific roles in exposure-associated cancer development remain poorly understood. Most studies have focused on discrete aspects of cancer metabolism and have incompletely considered both its dynamic integrated nature and the complex controlling influences of substrate availability, external trophic signals and environmental conditions. Emerging high throughput approaches to environmental risk assessment also do not directly address the metabolic causes or consequences of changes in gene expression. As such, there is a compelling need to establish common or complementary frameworks for further exploration that experimentally and conceptually consider the gestalt of cancer metabolism and its causal relationships to both carcinogenesis and the development of other cancer hallmarks. A literature review to identify environmentally relevant exposures unambiguously linked to both cancer development and dysregulated metabolism suggests major gaps in our understanding of exposure-associated carcinogenesis and metabolic reprogramming. Although limited evidence exists to support primary causal roles for metabolism in carcinogenesis, the universality of altered cancer metabolism underscores its fundamental biological importance, and multiple pleiomorphic, even dichotomous, roles for metabolism in promoting, antagonizing or otherwise enabling the development and selection of cancer are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brooks Robey
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA, Departments of Medicine and of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,
| | - Judith Weisz
- Departments of Gynecology and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nancy B Kuemmerle
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA, Departments of Medicine and of
| | - Anna C Salzberg
- Departments of Gynecology and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Arthur Berg
- Departments of Gynecology and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Laura Kubik
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Roberta Palorini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy, SYSBIO Center for Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057 USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057 USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo, 12515, Egypt
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Graeme P Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Centre for Biophotonics, LEC, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK, Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada, and
| | - Joel Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Francis L Martin
- Centre for Biophotonics, LEC, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy, SYSBIO Center for Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Bertram K, Valcu CM, Weitnauer M, Linne U, Görlach A. NOX1 supports the metabolic remodeling of HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122002. [PMID: 25806803 PMCID: PMC4373763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which act as signaling molecules in the regulation of protein expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell death. The NOX1 subunit is over-expressed in several cancers and NOX1 derived ROS have been repeatedly linked with tumorigenesis and tumor progression although underlying pathways are ill defined. We engineered NOX1-depleted HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells and employed differential display 2DE experiments in order to investigate changes in NOX1-dependent protein expression profiles. A total of 17 protein functions were identified to be dysregulated in NOX1-depleted cells. The proteomic results support a connection between NOX1 and the Warburg effect and a role for NOX in the regulation of glucose and glutamine metabolism as well as of lipid, protein and nucleotide synthesis in hepatic tumor cells. Metabolic remodeling is a common feature of tumor cells and understanding the underlying mechanisms is essential for the development of new cancer treatments. Our results reveal a manifold involvement of NOX1 in the metabolic remodeling of hepatoblastoma cells towards a sustained production of building blocks required to maintain a high proliferative rate, thus rendering NOX1 a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bertram
- Experimental and Molecular Paediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich at the Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina-Maria Valcu
- Experimental and Molecular Paediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich at the Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (CMV), (AG)
| | - Michael Weitnauer
- Experimental and Molecular Paediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich at the Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- Chemistry Department—Mass Spectrometry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, Marburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Paediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich at the Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (CMV), (AG)
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19
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Tang S, Yang L, Tang X, Liu M. The role of oxidized ATM in the regulation of oxidative stress-induced energy metabolism reprogramming of CAFs. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:133-44. [PMID: 25069040 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant cell type in tumor microenvironment (TM) and featured with the distinct energy metabolism reprogramming (EMR) phenotype caused by many factors such as hypoxia and growth factors. The EMR of CAFs plays a key role in biological behaviors of cancer cells including proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recently, accumulative evidence indicates that oxidative stress (OS) mediates the EMR of CAFs under conditions of various stimuli. However, the precise mechanism by which OS causes the EMR of CAFs is not clear. Interestingly, our previous work suggested that ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling is activated independent of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in CAFs derived from human breast cancers compared with paired normal fibroblasts (NFs). Recent studies have shown that ATM protein kinase, as a redox sensor, is closely associated with cellular energy metabolism. Thus, it is very possible that ATM protein kinase regulates the EMR of CAFs. So, it is necessary to perform an integral study on how oxidized ATM regulates the EMR of CAFs in response to various stimuli evoking OS. This will facilitate to develop a new powerful strategy of preventing and treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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20
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Zhou L, Xu N, Sun Y, Liu XM. Targeted biopharmaceuticals for cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:145-51. [PMID: 25016064 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex invasive genetic disease that causes significant mortality rate worldwide. Protein-based biopharmaceuticals have significantly extended the lives of millions of cancer patients. This article reviews the biological function and application of targeted anticancer biopharmaceuticals. We first discuss the specific antigens and core pathways that are used in the development of targeted cancer therapy. The innovative monoclonal antibodies, non-antibody proteins, and small molecules targeting these antigens or pathways are then reviewed. Finally, the current challenges in anticancer biopharmaceuticals development and the potential solutions to address these challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Zhou
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ningning Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
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21
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Palorini R, Cammarata FP, Cammarata F, Balestrieri C, Monestiroli A, Vasso M, Gelfi C, Alberghina L, Chiaradonna F. Glucose starvation induces cell death in K-ras-transformed cells by interfering with the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and activating the unfolded protein response. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e732. [PMID: 23868065 PMCID: PMC3730427 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells, which use more glucose than normal cells and accumulate extracellular lactate even under normoxic conditions (Warburg effect), have been reported to undergo cell death under glucose deprivation, whereas normal cells remain viable. As it may be relevant to exploit the molecular mechanisms underlying this biological response to achieve new cancer therapies, in this paper we sought to identify them by using transcriptome and proteome analysis applied to an established glucose-addicted cellular model of transformation, namely, murine NIH-3T3 fibroblasts harboring an oncogenic K-RAS gene, compared with parental cells. Noteworthy is that the analyses performed in high- and low-glucose cultures indicate that reduction of glucose availability induces, especially in transformed cells, a significant increase in the expression of several unfolded protein response (UPR) hallmark genes. We show that this response is strictly associated with transformed cell death, given that its attenuation, by reducing protein translation or by increasing cell protein folding capacity, preserves the survival of transformed cells. Such an effect is also observed by inhibiting c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, a pro-apoptotic signaling mediator set downstream of UPR. Strikingly, addition of N-acetyl-𝒟-glucosamine, a specific substrate for the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), to glucose-depleted cells completely prevents transformed cell death, stressing the important role of glucose in HBP fuelling to ensure UPR attenuation and increased cell survival. Interestingly, these results have been fully recognized in a human model of breast cancer, MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, we show that glucose deprivation, leading to harmful accumulation of unfolded proteins in consequence of a reduction of protein glycosylation, induces a UPR-dependent cell death mechanism. These findings may open the way for new therapeutic strategies to specifically kill glycolytic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palorini
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
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22
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Mitochondrial complex I inhibitors and forced oxidative phosphorylation synergize in inducing cancer cell death. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:243876. [PMID: 23690779 PMCID: PMC3638674 DOI: 10.1155/2013/243876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells generally rely mostly on glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for ATP production. In fact, they are particularly sensitive to glycolysis inhibition and glucose depletion. On the other hand mitochondrial dysfunctions, involved in the onset of the Warburg effect, are sometimes also associated with the resistance to apoptosis that characterizes cancer cells. Therefore, combined treatments targeting both glycolysis and mitochondria function, exploiting peculiar tumor features, might be lethal for cancer cells. In this study, we show that glucose deprivation and mitochondrial Complex I inhibitors synergize in inducing cancer cell death. In particular, our results reveal that low doses of Complex I inhibitors, ineffective on immortalized cells and in high glucose growth, become specifically cytotoxic on cancer cells deprived of glucose. Importantly, the cytotoxic effect of the inhibitors on cancer cells is strongly enhanced by forskolin, a PKA pathway activator, that we have previously shown to stimulate OXPHOS. Taken together, we demonstrate that induction in cancer cells of a switch from a glycolytic to a more respirative metabolism, obtained by glucose depletion or mitochondrial activity stimulation, strongly increases their sensitivity to low doses of mitochondrial Complex I inhibitors. Our findings might be a valuable approach to eradicate cancer cells.
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Urra FA, Martínez-Cifuentes M, Pavani M, Lapier M, Jaña-Prado F, Parra E, Maya JD, Pessoa-Mahana H, Ferreira J, Araya-Maturana R. An ortho-carbonyl substituted hydroquinone derivative is an anticancer agent that acts by inhibiting mitochondrial bioenergetics and by inducing G₂/M-phase arrest in mammary adenocarcinoma TA3. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 267:218-27. [PMID: 23333614 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells present a known metabolic reprogramming, which makes them more susceptible for a selective cellular death by modifying its mitochondrial bioenergetics. Anticancer action of the antioxidant 9,10-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-5,8-dihydroanthracen-1(4H)-one (HQ) on mouse mammary adenocarcinoma TA3, and its multiresistant variant TA3-MTXR, were evaluated. HQ decreased the viability of both tumor cells, affecting slightly mammary epithelial cells. This hydroquinone blocked the electron flow through the NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), leading to ADP-stimulated oxygen consumption inhibition, transmembrane potential dissipation and cellular ATP level decrease, without increasing ROS production. Duroquinol, an electron donor at CoQ level, reversed the decrease of cell viability induced by HQ. Additionally, HQ selectively induced G₂/M-phase arrest. Taken together, our results suggest that the bioenergetic dysfunction provoked by HQ is implicated in its anticancer action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix A Urra
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Casilla 233, Santiago-1, Chile.
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