1
|
Batorsky R, Ceasrine AM, Shook LL, Kislal S, Bordt EA, Devlin BA, Perlis RH, Slonim DK, Bilbo SD, Edlow AG. Hofbauer cells and fetal brain microglia share transcriptional profiles and responses to maternal diet-induced obesity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114326. [PMID: 38848212 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation is associated with adverse offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes, many mediated by in utero microglial programming. As microglia remain inaccessible throughout development, identification of noninvasive biomarkers reflecting fetal brain microglial programming could permit screening and intervention. We used lineage tracing to demonstrate the shared ontogeny between fetal brain macrophages (microglia) and fetal placental macrophages (Hofbauer cells) in a mouse model of maternal diet-induced obesity, and single-cell RNA-seq to demonstrate shared transcriptional programs. Comparison with human datasets demonstrated conservation of placental resident macrophage signatures between mice and humans. Single-cell RNA-seq identified common alterations in fetal microglial and Hofbauer cell gene expression induced by maternal obesity, as well as sex differences in these alterations. We propose that Hofbauer cells, which are easily accessible at birth, provide insights into fetal brain microglial programs and may facilitate the early identification of offspring vulnerable to neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Batorsky
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Alexis M Ceasrine
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lydia L Shook
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Ob/Gyn, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sezen Kislal
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan A Bordt
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Devlin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna K Slonim
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Ob/Gyn, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fliri A, Kajiji S. Effects of vitamin D signaling in cardiovascular disease: centrality of macrophage polarization. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1388025. [PMID: 38984353 PMCID: PMC11232491 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1388025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the leading causes of natural death are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Factors causing illness include genetic predisposition, aging, stress, chronic inflammation, environmental factors, declining autophagy, and endocrine abnormalities including insufficient vitamin D levels. Inconclusive clinical outcomes of vitamin D supplements in cardiovascular diseases demonstrate the need to identify cause-effect relationships without bias. We employed a spectral clustering methodology capable of analyzing large diverse datasets for examining the role of vitamin D's genomic and non-genomic signaling in disease in this study. The results of this investigation showed the following: (1) vitamin D regulates multiple reciprocal feedback loops including p53, macrophage autophagy, nitric oxide, and redox-signaling; (2) these regulatory schemes are involved in over 2,000 diseases. Furthermore, the balance between genomic and non-genomic signaling by vitamin D affects autophagy regulation of macrophage polarization in tissue homeostasis. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how interactions between genomic and non-genomic signaling affect vitamin D pharmacology and offer opportunities for increasing the efficacy of vitamin D-centered treatment of cardiovascular disease and healthy lifespans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Fliri
- Emergent System Analytics LLC, Clinton, CT, United States
| | - Shama Kajiji
- Emergent System Analytics LLC, Clinton, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tedeschi G, Navarro MX, Scipioni L, Sondhi TK, Prescher JA, Digman MA. Monitoring macrophage polarization with gene expression reporters and bioluminescence phasor analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.598305. [PMID: 38915606 PMCID: PMC11195121 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.598305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages exhibit a spectrum of behaviors upon activation and are generally classified as one of two types: inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2). Tracking these phenotypes in living cells can provide insight into immune function, but remains a challenging pursuit. Existing methods are mostly limited to static readouts or difficult to employ for multiplexed imaging in complex 3D environments while maintaining cellular resolution. We aimed to fill this void using bioluminescent technologies. Here we report genetically engineered luciferase reporters for long-term monitoring of macrophage polarization via spectral phasor analysis. M1- and M2- specific promoters were used to drive the expression of bioluminescent enzymes in macrophage cell lines. The readouts were multiplexed and discernable in both 2D and 3D formats with single cell resolution in living samples. Collectively, this work expands the toolbox of methods for monitoring macrophage polarization and provides a blueprint for monitoring other multifaceted networks in heterogeneous environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tedeschi
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Mariana X. Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Lorenzo Scipioni
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Tanvi K. Sondhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Michelle A. Digman
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cooper STE, Lokman AB, Riley PR. Role of the Lymphatics in Cardiac Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1181-1190. [PMID: 38634279 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the largest cause of death worldwide with recent evidence increasingly attributing the development and progression of these diseases to an exacerbated inflammatory response. As a result, significant research is now focused on modifying the immune environment to prevent the disease progression. This in turn has highlighted the lymphatic system in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases owing, in part, to its established function in immune cell surveillance and trafficking. In this review, we highlight the role of the cardiac lymphatic system and its potential as an immunomodulatory therapeutic target in selected cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna T E Cooper
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam B Lokman
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Riley
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Müller L, Nasr AR, Jux B, Makdissi N, Trowbridge JW, Schmidt SV, Schultze JL, Quast T, Schulte-Schrepping J, Kolanus W, Mass E. Differential impact of high-salt levels in vitro and in vivo on macrophage core functions. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:343. [PMID: 38400845 PMCID: PMC10894081 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of processed food is on the rise leading to huge intake of excess dietary salt, which strongly correlates with development of hypertension, often leading to cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and heart attack, as well as activation of the immune system. The effect of salt on macrophages is especially interesting as they are able to sense high sodium levels in tissues leading to transcriptional changes. In the skin, macrophages were shown to influence lymphatic vessel growth which, in turn, enables the transport of excess salt and thereby prevents the development of high blood pressure. Furthermore, salt storage in the skin has been linked to the onset of pro-inflammatory effector functions of macrophages in pathogen defence. However, there is only little known about the mechanisms which are involved in changing macrophage function to salt exposure. Here, we characterize the response of macrophages to excess salt both in vitro and in vivo. Our results validate and strengthen the notion that macrophages exhibit chemotactic migration in response to salt gradients in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate a reduction in phagocytosis and efferocytosis following acute salt challenge in vitro. While acute exposure to a high-salt diet in vivo has a less pronounced impact on macrophage core functions such as phagocytosis, our data indicate that prolonged salt challenge may exert a distinct effect on the function of macrophages. These findings suggest a potential role for excessive salt sensing by macrophages in the manifestation of diseases related to high-salt diets and explicitly highlight the need for in vivo work to decipher the physiologically relevant impact of excess salt on tissue and cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Müller
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aya Rafea Nasr
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Jux
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikola Makdissi
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Justin Wayne Trowbridge
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) E.V, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) E.V, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Azadian S, Doustmohammadi A, Naseri M, Khodarahmi M, Arab SS, Yazdanifar M, Zahiri J, Lewis NE. Reconstructing the cell-cell interaction network among mouse immune cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2756-2764. [PMID: 37227044 PMCID: PMC10524935 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular interactions and cell-cell communication are critical to regulating cell functions, especially in normal immune cells and immunotherapies. Ligand-receptor pairs mediating these cell-cell interactions can be identified using diverse experimental and computational approaches. Here, we reconstructed the intercellular interaction network between Mus musculus immune cells using publicly available receptor-ligand interaction databases and gene expression data from the immunological genome project. This reconstructed network accounts for 50,317 unique interactions between 16 cell types between 731 receptor-ligand pairs. Analysis of this network shows that cells of hematopoietic lineages use fewer communication pathways for interacting with each other, while nonhematopoietic stromal cells use the most network communications. We further observe that the WNT, BMP, and LAMININ pathways are the most significant contributors to the overall number of cell-cell interactions among the various pathways in the reconstructed communication network. This resource will enable the systematic analysis of normal and pathologic immune cell interactions, along with the study of emerging immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Azadian
- Bioinformatics and Computational Omics Lab (BioCOOL), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of biological sciences, Tarbiat modares University (TMU), P.O.Box: 14115-111,Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohadeseh Naseri
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), P.O.Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Javad Zahiri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathan E. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu X, Kong X, Wu H, Hao J, Li S, Gu Z, Zeng X, Shen Y, Wang S, Chen J, Fei X, Sun Y, Li X, Jiang L, Yang F, Wang J, Cai Z. UBE2M-mediated neddylation of TRIM21 regulates obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic disorders. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1390-1405.e8. [PMID: 37343564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is closely associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders. However, its origin during obesity is largely unknown. Here, we report that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2M (UBE2M) is critical to obesity-related inflammation induced by macrophages. In mice with UBE2M-deficient macrophages, obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet are greatly alleviated, an effect related to the decreased proinflammatory activity of macrophages due to reduced IL-1β production. Mechanistically, UBE2M deficiency inhibits the neddylation of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 on K129/134, leading to reduced recruitment and ubiquitination-mediated degradation of E3 ubiquitin ligase VHL. Subsequently, VHL reduces HIF-1α-induced IL-1β production by degrading HIF-1α. Targeting macrophage TRIM21 with Trim21 antisense oligonucleotide-loaded red blood cell extracellular vesicles effectively inhibits obesity-induced inflammation and related metabolic disorders. Thus, our results demonstrate that macrophage UBE2M is essential for obesity-induced inflammation and that TRIM21 is a proof-of-concept target for treating obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Lu
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiayue Hao
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sirui Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zichun Gu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xianchang Zeng
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Shibo Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiming Chen
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefeng Fei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhijian Cai
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mesenchymal stem cells exert their anti-asthmatic effects through macrophage modulation in a murine chronic asthma model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9811. [PMID: 35697721 PMCID: PMC9192777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous previous studies, the full action mechanism of the pathogenesis of asthma remains undiscovered, and the need for further investigation is increasing in order to identify more effective target molecules. Recent attempts to develop more efficacious treatments for asthma have incorporated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cell therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic effects of MSCs primed with Liproxstatin-1, a potent ferroptosis inhibitor. In addition, we sought to examine the changes within macrophage populations and their characteristics in asthmatic conditions. Seven-week-old transgenic mice, constitutively overexpressing lung-specific interleukin (IL)-13, were used to simulate chronic asthma. Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) primed with Liproxstatin-1 were intratracheally administered four days prior to sampling. IL-13 transgenic mice demonstrated phenotypes of chronic asthma, including severe inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and subepithelial fibrosis. Ly6C+M2 macrophages, found within the pro-inflammatory CD11c+CD11b+ macrophages, were upregulated and showed a strong correlation with lung eosinophil counts. Liproxstatin-1-primed hUC-MSCs showed enhanced ability to downregulate the activation of T helper type 2 cells compared to naïve MSCs in vitro and reduced airway inflammation, particularly Ly6C+M2 macrophages population, and fibrosis in vivo. In conclusion, intratracheal administration is an effective method of MSC delivery, and macrophages hold great potential as an additional therapeutic target for asthma.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sergio G, Wei Y, Xu K, Xia S. Cold-inflammaging: when a state of homeostatic-imbalance associated with ageing, precedes the low-grade pro-inflammatory-state (inflammaging): meaning, evolution, inflammaging phenotypes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:925-934. [PMID: 35684970 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The age-related pro-inflammatory state, discovered and called 'inflammaging' by Franceschi C. et al. (2000) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of age-related chronic diseases. A substantial body of data established that inflammaging is accompanied by a "2-fold-to-4-fold" increase in plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in healthy elderly people, when compared to the healthy adult popultion. This review focuses on the pre-inflammaging phase herein we reported as "Cold-Inflammaging", a state where plasma levels of cytokines are slightly increased, but below the lower limit of "2-fold increase" established for inflammaging. Slightly altered cytokine levels by innate immunity are known to be associated with homeostasis imbalances, this functional pleiotropy of cytokines as signal transducers, have a physiological counterpart, representing an adaptive process aimed at restoring (or achieving a new) homeostatic stability. If a dys-homeostatic state persists, the cytokine response by innate immunity increases and becomes a driver of inflammaging. A scenario where cytokines are characterised as major players in homeostasis imbalances at the beginning (cold-inflammaging) and then in chronic low-grade pro-inflammatory-state (inflammaging). Other important drivers of inflammaging are cellular senescence with its Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), the altered gut microbiota and the age-related dysregulation in the production of endogenous "molecular waste" (Garb-aging). The main purpose of this review being to thoroughly investigate each step of the pathway from cold-inflammaging to overt-inflammaging, because ageing, cold-inflammaging, overt-inflammaging, and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases have been shown to share some establised basic pillars of Geroscience that largely converge on inflammaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giunta Sergio
- Casa di Cura Prof. Nobili-GHC Garofalo Health Care, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yaqin Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kangqiao Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shijin Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheung CY, Huang TT, Chow N, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Chau MP, Chan WC, Wong CCL, Boassa D, Phan S, Ellisman MH, Yates JR, Xu S, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Ng LL, Ko BCB. Unconventional tonicity-regulated nuclear trafficking of NFAT5 mediated by KPNB1, XPOT and RUVBL2. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275560. [PMID: 35635291 PMCID: PMC9377714 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NFAT5 is the only known mammalian tonicity-responsive transcription factor with essential role in cellular adaptation to hypertonic stress. It is also implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. NFAT5 activity is tightly regulated by extracellular tonicity, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We demonstrated that NFAT5 enters the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex. We found that NFAT5 utilizes a unique nuclear localization signal (NFAT5-NLS) for nuclear import. siRNA screening revealed that only karyopherin β1 (KPNB1), but not karyopherin alpha, is responsible for the nuclear import of NFAT5 via direct interaction with the NFAT5-NLS. Proteomics analysis and siRNA screening further revealed that nuclear export of NFAT5 under hypotonicity is driven by Exportin-T, where the process requires RuvB-Like AAA type ATPase 2 (RUVBL2) as an indispensable chaperone. Our findings have identified an unconventional tonicity-dependent nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathway for NFAT5, a critical step in orchestrating rapid cellular adaptation to change in extracellular tonicity. These findings offer an opportunity for the development of novel NFAT5 targeting strategies that are potentially useful for the treatment of diseases associated with NFAT5 dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Y Cheung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Chow
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mary P Chau
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Cheung Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Catherine C L Wong
- Center for Precision Medicine Muti-Omics Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, China Clinical Laboratory Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daniela Boassa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sebastien Phan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - SongXiao Xu
- The Clinical Laboratory Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Ling Ng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben C B Ko
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The bladder is a major component of the urinary tract, an organ system that expels metabolic waste and excess water, which necessitates proximity to the external environment and its pathogens. It also houses a commensal microbiome. Therefore, its tissue immunity must resist pathogen invasion while maintaining tolerance to commensals. Bacterial infection of the bladder is common, with half of women globally experiencing one or more episodes of cystitis in their lifetime. Despite this, our knowledge of bladder immunity, particularly in humans, is incomplete. Here we consider the current view of tissue immunity in the bladder, with a focus on defense against infection. The urothelium has robust immune functionality, and its defensive capabilities are supported by resident immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and γδ T cells. We discuss each in turn and consider why adaptive immune responses are often ineffective in preventing recurrent infection, as well as areas of priority for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina S Bowyer
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin W Loudon
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cevey ÁC, Mascolo PD, Penas FN, Pieralisi AV, Sequeyra AS, Mirkin GA, Goren NB. Benznidazole Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Murine Cardiomyocytes and Macrophages Are Mediated by Class I PI3Kδ. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782891. [PMID: 34925364 PMCID: PMC8675942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benznidazole (Bzl), the drug of choice in many countries for the treatment of Chagas disease, leads to parasite clearance in the early stages of infection and contributes to immunomodulation. In addition to its parasiticidal effect, Bzl inhibits the NF-κB pathway. In this regard, we have previously described that this occurs through IL-10/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. PI3K pathway is involved in the regulation of the immune system by inhibiting NF-κB pathway through STAT3. In this work, the participation of PI3K in the immunomodulatory effects of Bzl in cardiac and immune cells, the main targets of Chagas disease, was further studied. For that, we use a murine primary cardiomyocyte culture and a monocyte/macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7), stimulated with LPS in presence of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K. Under these conditions, Bzl could neither increase SOCS3 expression nor inhibit the NOS2 mRNA expression and the release of NOx, both in cardiomyocytes and macrophages. Macrophages are crucial in the development of Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy. Thus, to deepen our understanding of how Bzl acts, the expression profile of M1-M2 macrophage markers was evaluated. Bzl inhibited the release of NOx (M1 marker) and increased the expression of Arginase I (M2 marker) and a negative correlation was found between them. Besides, LPS increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Bzl treatment not only inhibited this effect but also increased the expression of typical M2-macrophage markers like Mannose Receptor, TGF-β, and VEGF-A. Moreover, Bzl increased the expression of PPAR-γ and PPAR-α, known as key regulators of macrophage polarization. PI3K directly regulates M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization. Since p110δ, catalytic subunit of PI3Kδ, is highly expressed in immune cells, experiments were carried out in presence of CAL-101, a specific inhibitor of this subunit. Under this condition, Bzl could neither increase SOCS3 expression nor inhibit NF-κB pathway. Moreover, Bzl not only failed to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (M1 markers) but also could not increase M2 markers. Taken together these results demonstrate, for the first time, that the anti-inflammatory effect of Bzl depends on PI3K activity in a cell line of murine macrophages and in primary culture of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Bzl-mediated increase expression of M2-macrophage markers involves the participation of the p110δ catalytic subunit of PI3Kδ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ágata C Cevey
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula D Mascolo
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico N Penas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Azul V Pieralisi
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldana S Sequeyra
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo A Mirkin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora B Goren
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ravaud C, Ved N, Jackson DG, Vieira JM, Riley PR. Lymphatic Clearance of Immune Cells in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102594. [PMID: 34685572 PMCID: PMC8533855 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the lymphatic system, its function, development, and role in pathophysiology have changed our views on its importance. Historically thought to be solely involved in the transport of tissue fluid, lipids, and immune cells, the lymphatic system displays great heterogeneity and plasticity and is actively involved in immune cell regulation. Interference in any of these processes can be deleterious, both at the developmental and adult level. Preclinical studies into the cardiac lymphatic system have shown that invoking lymphangiogenesis and enhancing immune cell trafficking in ischaemic hearts can reduce myocardial oedema, reduce inflammation, and improve cardiac outcome. Understanding how immune cells and the lymphatic endothelium interact is also vital to understanding how the lymphatic vascular network can be manipulated to improve immune cell clearance. In this Review, we examine the different types of immune cells involved in fibrotic repair following myocardial infarction. We also discuss the development and function of the cardiac lymphatic vasculature and how some immune cells interact with the lymphatic endothelium in the heart. Finally, we establish how promoting lymphangiogenesis is now a prime therapeutic target for reducing immune cell persistence, inflammation, and oedema to restore heart function in ischaemic heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ravaud
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Nikita Ved
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - David G. Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
| | - Joaquim Miguel Vieira
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Paul R. Riley
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Choi I, Son H, Baek JH. Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle Intermediates: Regulators of Immune Responses. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:69. [PMID: 33477822 PMCID: PMC7832849 DOI: 10.3390/life11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is a series of chemical reactions used in aerobic organisms to generate energy via the oxidation of acetylcoenzyme A (CoA) derived from carbohydrates, fatty acids and proteins. In the eukaryotic system, the TCA cycle occurs completely in mitochondria, while the intermediates of the TCA cycle are retained inside mitochondria due to their polarity and hydrophilicity. Under cell stress conditions, mitochondria can become disrupted and release their contents, which act as danger signals in the cytosol. Of note, the TCA cycle intermediates may also leak from dysfunctioning mitochondria and regulate cellular processes. Increasing evidence shows that the metabolites of the TCA cycle are substantially involved in the regulation of immune responses. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive systematic overview of the molecular mechanisms of each TCA cycle intermediate that may play key roles in regulating cellular immunity in cell stress and discuss its implication for immune activation and suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jea-Hyun Baek
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37554, Korea; (I.C.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiao J, Jiao X, Wang C, Wei L, Wang G, Deng Y, Song Y. The Contribution of PEG Molecular Weights in PEGylated Emulsions to the Various Phases in the Accelerated Blood Clearance (ABC) Phenomenon in Rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:300. [PMID: 33140142 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PEGylated preparations will be cleared rapidly from blood circulation when they are administrated twice in the same animal at a time interval, referred to as the "accelerated blood clearance" (ABC) phenomenon. Commonly, the study of the ABC phenomenon was investigated in two aspects: induction phase and effectuation phase. Herein, we report the influence of physicochemical properties (PEG molecular weights) in the induction phase and effectuation phase on the ABC phenomenon. In the experiment, on one hand, PEGylated emulsions with different molecular weights of PEG (refer to PEn, n = 400, 600, 800, 1000, 2000, and 5000) were injected for the first dose (induction phase) and induced PE2000 to produce ABC phenomenon. On the other hand, after PE2000 injected, PEn was injected for the second dose (effectuation phase). The results indicated that PE2000 and PE5000 induced an intense ABC phenomenon by their long-circulating characteristic. Interestingly, PE400, PE600, PE800, and PE1000 produced a consistent ABC phenomenon but different circulation time. Apparently, the induction of the ABC phenomenon is not only determined by the circulation time but also by the PEG molecular weights. When PEn is in the effectuation phase, the extent of the ABC phenomenon was not positively related to the molecular weights of PEG, increasing first and then weaken with the increase of molecular weights of PEG. These suggest that the number of -(CH2CH2O)n- repeat units of PE2000 was more conducive to interact with anti-PEG IgM. The results reported here clearly indicate that both the PEG molecular weights of prior dose and the subsequent dose of emulsion strongly influence the extent of the ABC phenomenon. Taken together, our observations in this study complete the effect of PEG molecular weights at a different phase of the ABC phenomenon. Furthermore, our findings have a significant impact on the choice of molecular weights for PEGylated formulations for use in cross-administration.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang C, Xu W, Chao Y, Liang M, Zhang F, Huang K. E3 Ligase FBXW2 Is a New Therapeutic Target in Obesity and Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001800. [PMID: 33101872 PMCID: PMC7578860 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation orchestrated by macrophages plays a critical role in metabolic chronic diseases, like obesity and atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, the E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box/WD Repeat-Containing Protein 2 (FBXW2), the substrate-binding subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF (a complex of FBXW2, SKP1, and cullin-1), as an inflammatory mediator in macrophages, is identified. Myeloid-specific FBXW2 gene deficiency improves both obesity-associated with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in murine models. The beneficial effects by FBXW2 knockout are accompanied by decreased proinflammatory responses and macrophage infiltration in the microenvironment. Mechanistically, it is identified that KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is a new bona fide ubiquitin substrate of SCFFBXW2. Inhibition of KSRP prevents FBXW2-deficient macrophages from exerting a protective effect on inflammatory reactions, insulin resistance and plaque formation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the C-terminus (P3) of FBXW2 competitively ablates the function of FBXW2 in KSRP degradation and serves as an effective inhibitor of obesity and atherogenesis progression. Thus, the data strongly suggest that SCFFBXW2 is an important mediator in the context of metabolic diseases. The development of FBXW2 (P3)-mimicking inhibitors and small-molecular drugs specifically abrogating KSRP ubiquitination-dependent inflammatory responses are viable approaches for obesity and atherosclerosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene ResearchUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of RheumatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene ResearchUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Yuelin Chao
- Department of CardiologyNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene ResearchUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene ResearchUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene ResearchUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Regulation of Tumor Immunity by Lysophosphatidic Acid. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051202. [PMID: 32397679 PMCID: PMC7281403 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) may be best conceptualized as an ecosystem comprised of cancer cells interacting with a multitude of stromal components such as the extracellular matrix (ECM), blood and lymphatic networks, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and cells of the immune system. At the center of this crosstalk between cancer cells and their TME is the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). High levels of LPA and the enzyme generating it, termed autotaxin (ATX), are present in many cancers. It is also well documented that LPA drives tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis. One of the hallmarks of cancer is the ability to modulate and escape immune detection and eradication. Despite the profound role of LPA in regulating immune functions and inflammation, its role in the context of tumor immunity has not received much attention until recently where emerging studies highlight that this signaling axis may be a means that cancer cells adopt to evade immune detection and eradication. The present review aims to look at the immunomodulatory actions of LPA in baseline immunity to provide a broad understanding of the subject with a special emphasis on LPA and cancer immunity, highlighting the latest progress in this area of research.
Collapse
|
18
|
A Role of Inflammation and Immunity in Essential Hypertension-Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093348. [PMID: 32397357 PMCID: PMC7247551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the innate and adaptive immune system, together with low-grade inflammation, may play an important role in essential hypertension. In this work, to verify the importance of selected factors for the development of essential hypertension, we created a Petri net-based model and analyzed it. The analysis was based mainly on t-invariants, knockouts of selected fragments of the net and its simulations. The blockade of the renin-angiotensin (RAA) system revealed that the most significant effect on the emergence of essential hypertension has RAA activation. This blockade affects: (1) the formation of angiotensin II, (2) inflammatory process (by influencing C-reactive protein (CRP)), (3) the initiation of blood coagulation, (4) bradykinin generation via the kallikrein-kinin system, (5) activation of lymphocytes in hypertension, (6) the participation of TNF alpha in the activation of the acute phase response, and (7) activation of NADPH oxidase-a key enzyme of oxidative stress. On the other hand, we found that the blockade of the activation of the RAA system may not eliminate hypertension that can occur due to disturbances associated with the osmotically independent binding of Na in the interstitium. Moreover, we revealed that inflammation alone is not enough to trigger primary hypertension, but it can coexist with it. We believe that our research may contribute to a better understanding of the pathology of hypertension. It can help identify potential subprocesses, which blocking will allow better control of essential hypertension.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nieto C, Rayo I, de Las Casas-Engel M, Izquierdo E, Alonso B, Béchade C, Maroteaux L, Vega MA, Corbí ÁL. Serotonin (5-HT) Shapes the Macrophage Gene Profile through the 5-HT 2B-Dependent Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2808-2817. [PMID: 32253244 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages can either promote or resolve inflammatory responses, and their polarization state is modulated by peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]). In fact, pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages differ in the expression of serotonin receptors, with 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 expression restricted to M-CSF-primed monocyte-derived macrophages (M-MØ). 5-HT7 drives the acquisition of profibrotic and anti-inflammatory functions in M-MØ, whereas 5-HT2B prevents the degeneration of spinal cord mononuclear phagocytes and modulates motility of murine microglial processes. Because 5-HT2B mediates clinically relevant 5-HT-related pathologies (valvular heart disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension) and is an off target of anesthetics, antiparkinsonian drugs, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, we sought to determine the transcriptional consequences of 5-HT2B engagement in human macrophages, for which 5-HT2B signaling remains unknown. Assessment of the effects of specific agonists and antagonist revealed that 5-HT2B engagement modifies the cytokine and gene signature of anti-inflammatory M-MØ, upregulates the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target genes, and stimulates the transcriptional activation of AhR. Moreover, we found that 5-HT dose dependently upregulates the expression of AhR target genes in M-MØ and that the 5-HT-mediated activation of AhR is 5-HT2B dependent because it is abrogated by the 5-HT2B-specific antagonist SB204741. Altogether, our results demonstrate the existence of a functional 5-HT/5-HT2B/AhR axis in human macrophages and indicate that 5-HT potentiates the activity of a transcription factor (AhR) that regulates immune responses and the biological responses to xenobiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concha Nieto
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Rayo
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mateo de Las Casas-Engel
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Alonso
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Béchade
- INSERM UMR-S839, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne University and UPMC University Paris, 75005 Paris, France; and.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Luc Maroteaux
- INSERM UMR-S839, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne University and UPMC University Paris, 75005 Paris, France; and.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Miguel A Vega
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L Corbí
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Comparison of human monocyte derived macrophages and THP1-like macrophages as in vitro models for M. tuberculosis infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 67:101355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature, which accompanies the blood vasculature in most organs, is indispensable in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and nutritional lipid uptake and transport, as well as in reverse cholesterol transport. In this Review, we discuss the physiological role of the lymphatic system in the heart in the maintenance of cardiac health and describe alterations in lymphatic structure and function that occur in cardiovascular pathology, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. We also briefly discuss the role that immune cells might have in the regulation of lymphatic growth (lymphangiogenesis) and function. Finally, we provide examples of how the cardiac lymphatics can be targeted therapeutically to restore lymphatic drainage in the heart to limit myocardial oedema and chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Brakenhielm
- Normandy University, UniRouen, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ipseiz N, Czubala MA, Bart VMT, Davies LC, Jenkins RH, Brennan P, Taylor PR. Effective In Vivo Gene Modification in Mouse Tissue-Resident Peritoneal Macrophages by Intraperitoneal Delivery of Lentiviral Vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 16:21-31. [PMID: 31720306 PMCID: PMC6838965 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages exhibit specialized phenotypes dependent on their in vivo physiological niche. Investigation of their function often relies upon complex whole mouse transgenic studies. While some appropriate lineage-associated promoters exist, there are no options for tissue-specific targeting of macrophages. We have developed full protocols for in vivo productive infection (defined by stable transgene expression) of tissue-resident macrophages with lentiviral vectors, enabling RNA and protein overexpression, including expression of small RNA species such as shRNA, to knock down and modulate gene expression. These approaches allow robust infection of peritoneal tissue-resident macrophages without significant infection of other cell populations. They permit rapid functional study of macrophages in homeostatic and inflammatory settings, such as thioglycolate-induced peritonitis, while maintaining the cells in their physiological context. Here we provide detailed protocols for the whole workflow: viral production, purification, and quality control; safety considerations for administration of the virus to mice; and assessment of in vivo transduction efficiency and the low background levels of inflammation induced by the virus. In summary, we present a quick and accessible protocol for the rapid assessment of gene function in peritoneal tissue-resident macrophages in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Ipseiz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Magdalena A Czubala
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Valentina M T Bart
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Luke C Davies
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Robert H Jenkins
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cancer and Genetics Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Paredes LC, Olsen Saraiva Camara N, Braga TT. Understanding the Metabolic Profile of Macrophages During the Regenerative Process in Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2019; 10:617. [PMID: 31178754 PMCID: PMC6543010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, lower vertebrates, including zebrafish (Danio rerio), have the ability to regenerate damaged or lost tissues, such as the caudal fin, which makes them an ideal model for tissue and organ regeneration studies. Since several diseases involve the process of transition between fibrosis and tissue regeneration, it is necessary to attain a better understanding of these processes. It is known that the cells of the immune system, especially macrophages, play essential roles in regeneration by participating in the removal of cellular debris, release of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, remodeling of components of the extracellular matrix and alteration of oxidative patterns during proliferation and angiogenesis. Immune cells undergo phenotypical and functional alterations throughout the healing process due to growth factors and cytokines that are produced in the tissue microenvironment. However, some aspects of the molecular mechanisms through which macrophages orchestrate the formation and regeneration of the blastema remain unclear. In the present review, we outline how macrophages orchestrate the regenerative process in zebrafish and give special attention to the redox balance in the context of tail regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Neubert P, Schröder A, Müller DN, Jantsch J. Interplay of Na + Balance and Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:599. [PMID: 30984179 PMCID: PMC6449459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Local Na+ balance emerges as an important factor of tissue microenvironment. On the one hand, immune cells impact on local Na+ levels. On the other hand, Na+ availability is able to influence immune responses. In contrast to macrophages, our knowledge of dendritic cells (DCs) in this state of affair is rather limited. Current evidence suggests that the impact of increased Na+ on DCs is context dependent. Moreover, it is conceivable that DC immunobiology might also be influenced by Na+-rich-diet-induced changes of the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Herman BA, Ferguson KM, Fernandez JVB, Kauffman S, Spicher JT, King RJ, Halterman JA. NFAT5 is differentially expressed in Sprague-Dawley rat tissues in response to high salt and high fructose diets. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:452-464. [PMID: 30816906 PMCID: PMC6726159 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current diets contain an increasing amount of salt and high fructose corn syrup,
but it remains unclear as to how dietary salt and fructose affect organ function
at the molecular level. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that consumption
of high salt and fructose diets would increase tissue-specific expression of two
critical osmotically-regulated genes, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5
(NFAT5) and aldose reductase (AR). Fifty
Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a control, 4% NaCl, 8% NaCl, or 64% fructose
diet for eight weeks. Fourteen different tissue samples were harvested and
snap-frozen, followed by RNA purification, cDNA synthesis, and
NFAT5 and AR gene expression
quantification by real-time PCR.Our findings demonstrate that
NFAT5 and AR expression are up-regulated
in the kidney medulla, liver, brain, and adipose tissue following consumption of
a high salt diet. NFAT5 expression is also up-regulated in the
kidney cortex following consumption of a 64% fructose diet. These findings
highlight the kidney medulla, liver, brain, and adipose tissue as being
“salt-responsive” tissues and reveal that a high fructose diet can lead to
enhanced NFAT5 expression in the kidney cortex. Further
characterization of signaling mechanisms involved could help elucidate how these
diets affect organ function long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braden A Herman
- Department of Biology, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Kaylee M Ferguson
- Department of Biology, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Jared V B Fernandez
- Master's in Biomedicine Program, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Samantha Kauffman
- Department of Biology, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Jason T Spicher
- Department of Biology, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Rachel J King
- Department of Biology, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Julia A Halterman
- Department of Biology, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA.,Master's in Biomedicine Program, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
KONG LN, LIN X, HUANG C, MA TT, MENG XM, HU CJ, WANG QQ, LIU YH, SHI QP, LI J. Hesperetin derivative-12 (HDND-12) regulates macrophage polarization by modulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
27
|
Domínguez-Soto Á, Simón-Fuentes M, de Las Casas-Engel M, Cuevas VD, López-Bravo M, Domínguez-Andrés J, Saz-Leal P, Sancho D, Ardavín C, Ochoa-Grullón J, Sánchez-Ramón S, Vega MA, Corbí AL. IVIg Promote Cross-Tolerance against Inflammatory Stimuli In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:41-52. [PMID: 29743313 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
IVIg is an approved therapy for immunodeficiency and for several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular basis for the IVIg anti-inflammatory activity remains to be fully explained and cannot be extrapolated from studies on animal models of disease. We now report that IVIg impairs the generation of human monocyte-derived anti-inflammatory macrophages by inducing JNK activation and activin A production and limits proinflammatory macrophage differentiation by inhibiting GM-CSF-driven STAT5 activation. In vivo, IVIg provokes a rapid increase in peripheral blood activin A, CCL2, and IL-6 levels, an effect that can be recapitulated in vitro on human monocytes. On differentiating monocytes, IVIg promotes the acquisition of altered transcriptional and cytokine profiles, reduces TLR expression and signaling, and upregulates negative regulators of TLR-initiated intracellular signaling. In line with these effects, in vivo IVIg infusion induces a state tolerant toward subsequent stimuli that results in reduced inflammatory cytokine production after LPS challenge in human peripheral blood and significant protection from LPS-induced death in mice. Therefore, IVIg conditions human macrophages toward the acquisition of a state of cross-tolerance against inflammatory stimuli, an effect that correlates with the net anti-inflammatory action of IVIg in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Domínguez-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miriam Simón-Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mateo de Las Casas-Engel
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor D Cuevas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María López-Bravo
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Saz-Leal
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - David Sancho
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Carlos Ardavín
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliana Ochoa-Grullón
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Vega
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel L Corbí
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Crescenzi R, Marton A, Donahue PM, Mahany HB, Lants SK, Wang P, Beckman JA, Donahue MJ, Titze J. Tissue Sodium Content is Elevated in the Skin and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Women with Lipedema. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:310-317. [PMID: 29280322 PMCID: PMC5783748 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that tissue sodium and adipose content are elevated in patients with lipedema; if confirmed, this could establish precedence for tissue sodium and adipose content representing a discriminatory biomarker for lipedema. METHODS Participants with lipedema (n = 10) and control (n = 11) volunteers matched for biological sex, age, BMI, and calf circumference were scanned with 3.0-T sodium and conventional proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Standardized tissue sodium content was quantified in the calf skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and muscle. Dixon MRI was employed to quantify tissue fat and water volumes of the calf. Nonparametric statistical tests were applied to compare regional sodium content and fat-to-water volume between groups (significance: two-sided P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Skin (P = 0.01) and SAT (P = 0.04) sodium content were elevated in lipedema (skin: 14.9 ± 2.9 mmol/L; SAT: 11.9 ± 3.1 mmol/L) relative to control participants (skin: 11.9 ± 2.0 mmol/L; SAT: 9.4 ± 1.6 mmol/L). Relative fat-to-water volume in the calf was elevated in lipedema (1.2 ± 0.48 ratio) relative to control participants (0.63 ± 0.26 ratio; P < 0.001). Skin sodium content was directly correlated with fat-to-water volume (Spearman's rho = 0.54; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Internal metrics of tissue sodium and adipose content are elevated in patients with lipedema, potentially providing objective imaging-based biomarkers for differentially diagnosing the under-recognized condition of lipedema from obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Crescenzi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Corresponding author: Rachelle Crescenzi, PhD, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, 1161 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,
| | - Adriana Marton
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paula M.C. Donahue
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Dayani Center for Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Helen B. Mahany
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah K. Lants
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua A. Beckman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J. Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jens Titze
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Benz K, Schlote J, Daniel C, Kopp C, Dahlmann A, Schröder A, Cordasic N, Klanke B, Hilgers K, Titze J, Amann K. Mild Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Genetically Determined Low Nephron Number is Associated with Chloride but Not Sodium Retention. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:1-11. [PMID: 29393223 DOI: 10.1159/000486734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS One potential pathomechanism how low nephron number leads to hypertension in later life is altered salt handling. We therefore evaluated changes in electrolyte and water content in wildtype (wt) and GDNF+/- mice with a 30% reduction of nephron number. METHODS 32 GDNF+/- and 36 wt mice were fed with low salt (LSD, 0.03%, normal drinking water) or high salt (HSD, 4%, 0.9% drinking water) diet for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was continuously measured by telemetry in a subgroup. At the end of the experiment and after standardized ashing processes electrolyte- and water contents of the skin and the total body were determined. RESULTS We found higher blood pressure in high salt treated GDNF+/-compared to wt mice. Of interest, we could not confirm an increase in total-body sodium as predicted by prevailing explanations, but found increased total body and skin chloride that interestingly correlated with relative kidney weight. CONCLUSION We hereby firstly report significant total body and skin chloride retention in salt sensitive hypertension of GDNF+/-mice with genetically determined lower nephron number. Thus, in contrast to the prevailing opinion our data argue for the involvement of non-volume related mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Schlote
- Dept. of Nephropathology, Pathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Kopp
- IZKF Nachwuchsgruppe, Erlangen, Germany.,Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anke Dahlmann
- IZKF Nachwuchsgruppe, Erlangen, Germany.,Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Nada Cordasic
- Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Klanke
- Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Hilgers
- Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Titze
- Dept. of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Dept. of Nephropathology, Pathology, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Domínguez-Soto Á, Usategui A, Casas-Engel MDL, Simón-Fuentes M, Nieto C, Cuevas VD, Vega MA, Luis Pablos J, Corbí ÁL. Serotonin drives the acquisition of a profibrotic and anti-inflammatory gene profile through the 5-HT7R-PKA signaling axis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14761. [PMID: 29116249 PMCID: PMC5676747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) regulates cell growth and differentiation in numerous cell types through engagement of seven types of cell surface receptors (HTR1-7). Deregulated 5-HT/HTR levels contribute to pathology in chronic inflammatory diseases, with macrophages being relevant targets for the physio-pathological effects of 5-HT. In fact, 5-HT skews human macrophage polarization through engagement of 5-HT2BR and 5-HT7R receptors. We now report that 5-HT primes macrophages for reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and IFN type I-mediated signaling, and promotes an anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene signature in human macrophages. The acquisition of the 5-HT-dependent gene profile primarily depends on the 5-HT7R receptor and 5-HT7R-initiated PKA-dependent signaling. In line with the transcriptional results, 5-HT upregulates TGFβ1 production by human macrophages in an HTR7- and PKA-dependent manner, whereas the absence of Htr7 in vivo results in diminished macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition in a mouse model of skin fibrosis. Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic activity of 5-HT is primarily mediated through the 5-HT7R-PKA axis, and that 5-HT7R contributes to pathology in fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Usategui
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Simón-Fuentes
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha Nieto
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor D Cuevas
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Vega
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Pablos
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L Corbí
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Deger SM, Wang P, Fissell R, Ellis CD, Booker C, Sha F, Morse JL, Stewart TG, Gore JC, Siew ED, Titze J, Ikizler TA. Tissue sodium accumulation and peripheral insulin sensitivity in maintenance hemodialysis patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:500-507. [PMID: 28150400 PMCID: PMC5476848 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that sodium (Na+ ) is stored in the muscle and skin without commensurate water retention in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. In this study, we hypothesized that excessive Na+ accumulation would be associated with abnormalities in peripheral insulin action. METHODS Eleven MHD patients and eight controls underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamp studies to measure glucose (GDR) and leucine disposal rates (LDR), as well as lower left leg 23 Na magnetic resonance imaging to measure Na+ concentration in the muscle and skin tissue. RESULTS The median GDR and LDR levels were lower, and the median muscle Na+ concentration was higher in MHD patients compared with controls. No significant difference was found regarding skin Na+ concentration between group comparisons. Linear regression revealed inverse relationships between muscle Na+ concentration and GDR and LDR in MHD patients, whereas no relationship was observed in controls. There was no association between skin Na+ content and GDR or LDR in either MHD patients or controls. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that excessive muscle Na+ content might be a determinant of IR in MHD patients, although the causality and mechanisms remain to be proven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Muge Deger
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,CSRD&D, Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (VCKD), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel Fissell
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (VCKD), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles D Ellis
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cindy Booker
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,CSRD&D, Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (VCKD), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Feng Sha
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Morse
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas G Stewart
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edward D Siew
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (VCKD), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jens Titze
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Talat Alp Ikizler
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,CSRD&D, Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (VCKD), Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wright MD, Binger KJ. Macrophage heterogeneity and renin-angiotensin system disorders. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:445-454. [PMID: 28176018 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous innate immune cells which are important in both the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and its disruption, by promoting tissue inflammation and fibrosis. The renin-angiotensin system is central to the pathophysiology of a large suite of diseases, which are driven in part by large amounts of tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we review recent advances in understanding macrophage heterogeneity in origin and function, and how these may lead to new insights into the pathogenesis of these chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Wright
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina J Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schatz V, Neubert P, Schröder A, Binger K, Gebhard M, Müller DN, Luft FC, Titze J, Jantsch J. Elementary immunology: Na + as a regulator of immunity. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:201-210. [PMID: 26921211 PMCID: PMC5203836 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin can serve as an interstitial Na+ reservoir. Local tissue Na+ accumulation increases with age, inflammation and infection. This increased local Na+ availability favors pro-inflammatory immune cell function and dampens their anti-inflammatory capacity. In this review, we summarize available data on how NaCl affects various immune cells. We particularly focus on how salt promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage and T cell function and simultaneously curtails their regulatory and anti-inflammatory potential. Overall, these findings demonstrate that local Na+ availability is a promising novel regulator of immunity. Hence, the modulation of tissue Na+ levels bears broad therapeutic potential: increasing local Na+ availability may help in treating infections, while lowering tissue Na+ levels may be used to treat, for example, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg-Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg-Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen-Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrina Binger
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthias Gebhard
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Research Building, Charité Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Research Building, Charité Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Research Building, Charité Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jens Titze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen-Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg-Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jiang S, Yan W. Succinate in the cancer-immune cycle. Cancer Lett 2017; 390:45-47. [PMID: 28109906 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Succinate is an important intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In mitochondria, it plays a crucial role in generating adenosine triphosphate. Succinate metabolism is also intertwined with the metabolism of other metabolites and with the "GABA shunt" of the glutamine pathway. Recently, it has become increasingly apparent that the roles of succinate extend into the realms of immunity and cancer. Succinate is a key modulator of the hypoxic response, an important player in tumorigenesis; succinate is also involved in protein succinylation, a novel posttranslational modification pathway. This expanding repertoire of succinate functions suggests that it has broad roles in cellular contexts. Mutations in enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that participate in succinate-related pathways lead to various pathologies, including tumor formation and innate inflammatory processes. Succinate can have both pro- or anti-tumor effectiveness. Therefore, investigation of succinate as an inflammatory signal may increase our understanding of the cancer-immunity cycle involved in both inflammatory diseases and cancer. Here, we briefly review the emerging roles of succinate, extending beyond metabolism, into anti-cancer immunity. This expansion of succinate roles suggests that it may represent a novel class of regulators in inflammation, which act as key signals in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vigué B, Leblanc PE, Moati F, Pussard E, Foufa H, Rodrigues A, Figueiredo S, Harrois A, Mazoit JX, Rafi H, Duranteau J. Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), a marker of positive fluid balance in critically ill patients: results of the ENVOL study. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2016; 20:363. [PMID: 27825364 PMCID: PMC5101658 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The optimal control of blood volume without fluid overload is a main challenge in the daily care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Accordingly this study focused on the identification of biomarkers to help characterize fluid overload status. Methods Sixty-seven patients were studied from ICU admission to day 7 (D7). Blood and urine samples were taken daily and sodium and water balance strictly calculated resulting in a total cumulative assessment of ∆Na+ and ∆H2O. Furthermore, plasmatic biomarkers (cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, pro-endothelin, copeptine, atrial natriuretic peptide, erythropoietin, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM)) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were measured at D2, D5 and D7. Blood volumes were measured with 51Cr fixed on red blood cells at D2 and D7. Results The ∆Na+ or ∆H2O were increased in all patients but never related to blood volumes at D2 nor D7. Total blood volumes were at normal values with constantly low red blood cell volumes and normal or decreased plasmatic volume. Weight, plasmatic proteins, and hemoglobin were weakly related to ∆Na+ or ∆H2O. Amongst all tested biomarkers, only MR-proADM was related to sodium and fluid overload. This biomarker was also a predictor of SOFA scores. Conclusions Plasmatic concentration in MR-proADM seems to be a good surrogate for evaluation of ∆Na+ or ∆H2O and predicts sodium and extracellular fluid overload. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01858675 in May 13, 2013. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1540-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Vigué
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Etienne Leblanc
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Moati
- Service de biophysique et de médecine nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pussard
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Inserm U1185, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hussam Foufa
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Rodrigues
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Samy Figueiredo
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Anatole Harrois
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Xavier Mazoit
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Homa Rafi
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Asnières sur Seine, France
| | - Jacques Duranteau
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Textbook theory holds that blood pressure (BP) is regulated by the brain, by blood vessels, or by the kidney. Recent evidence suggests that BP could be regulated in the skin. RECENT FINDINGS The skin holds a complex capillary counter current system, which controls body temperature, skin perfusion, and apparently systemic BP. Epidemiological data suggest that sunlight exposure plays a role in controlling BP. Ultraviolet A radiation produces vasodilation and a fall in BP. Keratinocytes and immune cells control blood flow in the extensive countercurrent loop system of the skin by producing nitric oxide, a key regulator of vascular tone. The balance between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α activity in keratinocytes controls skin perfusion, systemic thermoregulation, and systemic BP by nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, the skin accumulates Na which generates a barrier to promote immunological host defense. Immune cells control skin Na metabolism and the clearance of Na via the lymphatic system. Reduced lymphatic clearance increases BP. SUMMARY Apart from the well-known role of the brain, blood vessels, and the kidney, the skin is important for systemic BP control in humans and in experimental animals.
Collapse
|
37
|
Yamane K, Leung KP. Rabbit M1 and M2 macrophages can be induced by human recombinant GM-CSF and M-CSF. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:945-53. [PMID: 27642558 PMCID: PMC5011493 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can change their phenotype in response to environmental cues. Polarized macrophages are broadly classified into two groups: classical activated M1 and alternative activated M2. Characterization of human macrophages has been widely studied, but polarized macrophages in rabbits have not been characterized. We characterized rabbit macrophages that were polarized using human recombinant GM-CSF and M-CSF. GM-CSF-treated macrophages had higher mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (M1 phenotype) than did the M-CSF-treated counterpart. By contrast, high levels of TGF-β and IL-10 expression (M2 phenotype) were found in M-CSF-treated macrophages. The present study may be useful to understand roles of polarized macrophages in rabbit disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Yamane
- US Army Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Institute of Surgical Research Fort Sam Houston TX USA; Department of Bacteriology Osaka Dental University Hirakata-shi Osaka Japan
| | - Kai-Poon Leung
- US Army Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Institute of Surgical Research Fort Sam Houston TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
van der Hoeven NW, Hollander MR, Yıldırım C, Jansen MF, Teunissen PF, Horrevoets AJ, van der Pouw Kraan TCTM, van Royen N. The emerging role of galectins in cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 81:31-41. [PMID: 26945624 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are an ancient family of β-galactoside-specific lectins and consist of 15 different types, each with a specific function. They play a role in the immune system, inflammation, wound healing and carcinogenesis. In particular the role of galectin in cancer is widely studied. Lately, the role of galectins in the development of cardiovascular disease has gained attention. Worldwide cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death. In ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis limits adequate blood flow. Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis are highly important mechanisms relieving ischemia by restoring perfusion to the post-stenotic myocardial area. Galectins act ambiguous, both relieving ischemia and accelerating atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis can ultimately lead to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke, which are both associated with galectins. There is also a role for galectins in the development of myocarditis by their influence on inflammatory processes. Moreover, galectin acts as a biomarker for the severity of myocardial ischemia and heart failure. This review summarizes the association between galectins and the development of multiple cardiovascular diseases such as myocarditis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Furthermore it focuses on the association between galectin and more general mechanisms such as angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurits R Hollander
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cansu Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs F Jansen
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul F Teunissen
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J Horrevoets
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Niels van Royen
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhong Q, Jenkins J, Moldobaeva A, D'Alessio F, Wagner EM. Effector T Cells and Ischemia-Induced Systemic Angiogenesis in the Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:394-401. [PMID: 26244419 PMCID: PMC4821032 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0087oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes have been shown to modulate angiogenesis. Our previous work showed that T regulatory (Treg) cell depletion prevented angiogenesis. In the present study, we sought to examine T-cell populations during lung angiogenesis and subsequent angiostasis. In a mouse model of ischemia-induced systemic angiogenesis in the lung, we examined the time course (0-35 d) of neovascularization and T-cell phenotypes within the lung after left pulmonary artery ligation (LPAL). T cells increased and reached a maximum by 10 days after LPAL and then progressively decreased, suggestive of a modulatory role during the early phase of new vessel growth. Because others have shown IFN-γ to be angiostatic in tumor models, we focused on this effector T-cell cytokine to control the magnitude of angiogenesis. Results showed that IFN-γ protein is secreted at low levels after LPAL and that mice required Treg depletion to see the full effect of effector T cells. Using Foxp3(DTR) and diphtheria toxin to deplete T regulatory cells, increased numbers of effector T cells (CD8(+)) and/or increased capacity to secrete the prominent angiostatic cytokine IFN-γ (CD4(+)) were seen. In vitro culture of mouse systemic and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells with IFN-γ showed increased endothelial cell apoptosis. CD8(-/-) mice and IFN-γR(-/-) mice showed enhanced angiogenesis compared with wild-type mice, confirming that, in this model, IFN-γ limits the extent of systemic neovascularization in the lung.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- CD4 Antigens/genetics
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/genetics
- CD8 Antigens/immunology
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Ischemia/genetics
- Ischemia/immunology
- Ischemia/metabolism
- Ischemia/pathology
- Ischemia/physiopathology
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Interferon gamma Receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aigul Moldobaeva
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Franco D'Alessio
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
HIV-1 strategies to overcome the immune system by evading and invading innate immune system. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hivar.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
41
|
Macrophages dictate the progression and manifestation of hypertensive heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2015; 203:381-95. [PMID: 26539962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been implicated in the initiation, progression and manifestation of hypertensive heart disease. We sought to determine the role of monocytes/macrophages in hypertension and pressure overload induced left ventricular (LV) remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS We used two models of LV hypertrophy (LVH). First, to induce hypertension and LVH, we fed Sabra salt-sensitive rats with a high-salt diet. The number of macrophages increased in the hypertensive hearts, peaking at 10 weeks after a high-salt diet. Surprisingly, macrophage depletion, by IV clodronate (CL) liposomes, inhibited the development of hypertension. Moreover, macrophage depletion reduced LVH by 17% (p<0.05), and reduced cardiac fibrosis by 75%, compared with controls (p=0.001). Second, to determine the role of macrophages in the development and progression of LVH, independent of high-salt diet, we depleted macrophages in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and pressure overload. Significantly, macrophage depletion, for 3 weeks, attenuated LVH: a 12% decrease in diastolic and 20% in systolic wall thickness (p<0.05), and a 13% in LV mass (p=0.04), compared with controls. Additionally, macrophage depletion reduced cardiac fibrosis by 80% (p=0.006). Finally, macrophage depletion down-regulated the expression of genes associated with cardiac remodeling and fibrosis: transforming growth factor beta-1 (by 80%) collagen type III alpha-1 (by 71%) and atrial natriuretic factor (by 86%). CONCLUSIONS Macrophages mediate the development of hypertension, LVH, adverse cardiac remodeling, and fibrosis. Macrophages, therefore, should be considered as a therapeutic target to reduce the adverse consequences of hypertensive heart disease.
Collapse
|
42
|
Hucke S, Wiendl H, Klotz L. Implications of dietary salt intake for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Mult Scler 2015; 22:133-9. [PMID: 26447064 DOI: 10.1177/1352458515609431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years it has become increasingly clear that, alongside genetic risk factors, environmental factors strongly influence the incidence and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on observations from epidemiological studies, the potential contribution of dietary habits has lately been a matter of debate. Recently it was shown that high salt conditions promote pathogenic T-cell responses and aggravate autoimmunity in an animal model of MS, suggesting that high dietary salt intake might promote central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. However, so far, not much is known about the influence of dietary salt intake on MS disease pathology. Here, we discuss the association of dietary salt levels and MS with a special focus on the mechanisms of salt-mediated modulation of the different cell types critically involved in the pathophysiology of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- University of Muenster, Department of Neurology, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- University of Muenster, Department of Neurology, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Becker M, De Bastiani MA, Parisi MM, Guma FTCR, Markoski MM, Castro MAA, Kaplan MH, Barbé-Tuana FM, Klamt F. Integrated Transcriptomics Establish Macrophage Polarization Signatures and have Potential Applications for Clinical Health and Disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13351. [PMID: 26302899 PMCID: PMC4548187 DOI: 10.1038/srep13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence defines macrophages (Mφ) as plastic cells with wide-ranging states of activation and expression of different markers that are time and location dependent. Distinct from the simple M1/M2 dichotomy initially proposed, extensive diversity of macrophage phenotypes have been extensively demonstrated as characteristic features of monocyte-macrophage differentiation, highlighting the difficulty of defining complex profiles by a limited number of genes. Since the description of macrophage activation is currently contentious and confusing, the generation of a simple and reliable framework to categorize major Mφ phenotypes in the context of complex clinical conditions would be extremely relevant to unravel different roles played by these cells in pathophysiological scenarios. In the current study, we integrated transcriptome data using bioinformatics tools to generate two macrophage molecular signatures. We validated our signatures in in vitro experiments and in clinical samples. More importantly, we were able to attribute prognostic and predictive values to components of our signatures. Our study provides a framework to guide the interrogation of macrophage phenotypes in the context of health and disease. The approach described here could be used to propose new biomarkers for diagnosis in diverse clinical settings including dengue infections, asthma and sepsis resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Becker
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS/UFRGS, 90035-003 Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
- National Institutes of Science & Technology—Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), 90035-903 Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Marco A. De Bastiani
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS/UFRGS, 90035-003 Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
- National Institutes of Science & Technology—Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), 90035-903 Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Parisi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS/UFRGS, 90035-003 Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Fátima T. C. R. Guma
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology of Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS/UFRGS, 90035-003 Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Melissa M. Markoski
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, IC/FUC, Porto Alegre, RS 90620-000, Brazil
| | - Mauro A. A. Castro
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Professional and Technological Education Sector, Polytechnic Center, UFPR, 81531-970 Curitiba (PR), Brazil
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis (IN), 46202, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (IN), 46202, USA
| | - Florencia M. Barbé-Tuana
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS/UFRGS, 90035-003 Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
- Biomedical Research Institute, PUCRS, 90619-900, Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Fábio Klamt
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS/UFRGS, 90035-003 Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
- National Institutes of Science & Technology—Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), 90035-903 Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Smirnov AV, Golubev RV, Vasiliev AN, Zemchenkov AY, Staroselsky KG. [Hemodynamic effects of succinate-containing dialyzing solution]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:56-61. [PMID: 26281197 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201587656-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the results of using an acetate-free succinate-containing dialyzing solution (SDS) against natremia and blood pressure (BP) in patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ninety-two patients were transferred from 3 Saint Petersburg HD centers to 3-month HD treatment using SDS. The investigators measured blood biochemical indicators immediately before and 1 and 3 months after the investigation, BP before and after a successive HD session, and the patients' weight and its gain in the period between HD sessions. Hypotensive and hypertensive episodes were recorded during HD sessions throughout the investigation. RESULTS Following 3-month treatment using SDS, there were statistically significant decreases in blood sodium levels and systolic BP (SBP) prior to a HD session. At the same time, patients with a baseline pre-HD SBP of less than 100 mm Hg were observed to have a statistically significant increase in this indicator by the end of the investigation. Pre-dialysis diastolic BP (DBP) and post- dialysis SBP and DBP substantially unchanged. After 3 months of SDS use, there was a statistically significant reduction in weight gain in the period between HD sessions. When SDS was administered, the frequency of hypertensive episodes tended to decline after a HD session. CONCLUSION The use of SDS causes a drop in pre-dialysis blood sodium levels, ensuring adequate dehydration in patients and improving hypertension control. In doing so, SDS prevents hypotension during a HD session.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Smirnov
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Acad. I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - R V Golubev
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Acad. I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A N Vasiliev
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Acad. I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - K G Staroselsky
- Hemodialysis Unit, Hospital Twenty-Six, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Solbak NM, Heard BJ, Achari Y, Chung M, Shrive NG, Frank CB, Hart DA. Alterations in Hoffa’s fat pad induced by an inflammatory response following idealized anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:615-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
46
|
Epigenetic pathways in macrophages emerge as novel targets in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:79-89. [PMID: 26004034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disorder. Monocytes and macrophages are key immune cells in the development of disease and clinical outcome. It is becoming increasingly clear that epigenetic pathways govern many aspects of monocyte and macrophage differentiation and activation. The dynamic regulation of epigenetic patterns provides opportunities to alter disease-associated epigenetic states. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies have embraced the targeting of epigenetic processes as new approaches for interventions. Particularly histone deacetylase (Hdac) inhibitors and DNA-methyltransferase inhibitors have long received attention and several of them have been approved for clinical use in relation to hematological malignancies. The key focus is still on oncology, but Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and inflammatory disorders are coming in focus as well. These developments raise opportunities for the epigenetic targeting in cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review we discuss the epigenetic regulation of the inflammatory pathways in relation to atherosclerosis with a specific attention to monocyte- and macrophage-related processes. What are the opportunities for future therapy of atherosclerosis by epigenetic interventions?
Collapse
|
47
|
Boe DM, Curtis BJ, Chen MM, Ippolito JA, Kovacs EJ. Extracellular traps and macrophages: new roles for the versatile phagocyte. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:1023-35. [PMID: 25877927 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ri1014-521r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MΦ are multipurpose phagocytes with a large repertoire of well-characterized abilities and functions, including regulation of inflammation, wound healing, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, as well as serving as an integral component of the innate-immune defense against microbial pathogens. Working along with neutrophils and dendritic cells, the other myeloid-derived professional phagocytes, MΦ are one of the key effector cells initiating and directing the host reaction to pathogenic organisms and resolving subsequent responses once the threat has been cleared. ETs are a relatively novel strategy of host defense involving expulsion of nuclear material and embedded proteins from immune cells to immobilize and kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses. As research on ETs expands, it has begun to encompass many immune cell types in unexpected ways, including various types of MΦ, which are not only capable of generating METs in response to various stimuli, but recent preclinical data suggest that they are an important agent in clearing ETs and limiting ET-mediated inflammation and tissue damage. This review aims to summarize historical and recent findings of biologic research regarding ET formation and function and discuss the role of MΦ in ET physiology and associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Boe
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael M Chen
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jill A Ippolito
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Upadhyay RK. Emerging risk biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases and disorders. J Lipids 2015; 2015:971453. [PMID: 25949827 PMCID: PMC4407625 DOI: 10.1155/2015/971453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Present review article highlights various cardiovascular risk prediction biomarkers by incorporating both traditional risk factors to be used as diagnostic markers and recent technologically generated diagnostic and therapeutic markers. This paper explains traditional biomarkers such as lipid profile, glucose, and hormone level and physiological biomarkers based on measurement of levels of important biomolecules such as serum ferritin, triglyceride to HDLp (high density lipoproteins) ratio, lipophorin-cholesterol ratio, lipid-lipophorin ratio, LDL cholesterol level, HDLp and apolipoprotein levels, lipophorins and LTPs ratio, sphingolipids, Omega-3 Index, and ST2 level. In addition, immunohistochemical, oxidative stress, inflammatory, anatomical, imaging, genetic, and therapeutic biomarkers have been explained in detail with their investigational specifications. Many of these biomarkers, alone or in combination, can play important role in prediction of risks, its types, and status of morbidity. As emerging risks are found to be affiliated with minor and microlevel factors and its diagnosis at an earlier stage could find CVD, hence, there is an urgent need of new more authentic, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic markers to confirm disease well in time to start the clinical aid to the patients. Present review aims to discuss new emerging biomarkers that could facilitate more authentic and fast diagnosis of CVDs, HF (heart failures), and various lipid abnormalities and disorders in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant Upadhyay
- Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hofmeister LH, Perisic S, Titze J. Tissue sodium storage: evidence for kidney-like extrarenal countercurrent systems? Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:551-8. [PMID: 25600900 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence from chemical analysis of tissue electrolyte and water composition has shown that body Na(+) content in experimental animals is not constant, does not always readily equilibrate with water, and cannot be exclusively controlled by the renal blood purification process. Instead, large amounts of Na(+) are stored in the skin and in skeletal muscle. Quantitative non-invasive detection of Na(+) reservoirs with sodium magnetic resonance imaging ((23)NaMRI) suggests that this mysterious Na(+) storage is not only an animal research curiosity but also exists in humans. In clinical studies, tissue Na(+) storage is closely associated with essential hypertension. In animal experiments, modulation of reservoir tissue Na(+) content leads to predictable blood pressure changes. The available evidence thus suggests that the patho(?)-physiological process of Na(+) storage might be of relevance for human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H Hofmeister
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2213 Garland Avenue, P435F Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhou ZY, Packialakshmi B, Makkar SK, Dridi S, Rath NC. Effect of butyrate on immune response of a chicken macrophage cell line. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 162:24-32. [PMID: 25278494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Butyric acid is a major short chain fatty acid (SCFA), produced in the gastrointestinal tract by anaerobic bacterial fermentation, that has beneficial health effects in many species including poultry. To understand the immunomodulating effects of butyrate on avian macrophage, we treated a naturally transformed line of chicken macrophage cells named HTC with Na-butyrate in the absence or presence of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a metabolic activator, evaluating its various functional parameters. The results demonstrate that, butyrate by itself had no significant effect on variables such as nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of genes associated with various inflammatory cytokines but it inhibited NO production, and reduced the expression of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in LPS-stimulated cells. Butyrate decreased the expression of TGF-β3 in the presence or absence of LPS, while it had no effect on IL-4, Tβ4, and MMP2 gene expression. In addition, butyrate augmented PMA induced oxidative burst indicated by DCF-DA oxidation and restored LPS induced attenuation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. Although butyrate had no significant effect on phagocytosis or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities of resting macrophages, it significantly suppressed the effects induced by their respective stimulants such as LPS induced phagocytosis and PMA induced MMP expression. These results suggest that butyrate has immunomodulatory property in the presence of agents that incite the cells thus, has potential to control inflammation and restore immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, 160 Xueyuan Road, Chongqing 402460, Rongchang County, China; USDA/ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - B Packialakshmi
- USDA/ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - S K Makkar
- USDA/ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - S Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - N C Rath
- USDA/ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|