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Zhou AX, Jeansson M, He L, Wigge L, Tonelius P, Tati R, Cederblad L, Muhl L, Uhrbom M, Liu J, Björnson Granqvist A, Lerman LO, Betsholtz C, Hansen PBL. Renal Endothelial Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Spatiotemporal Regulation and Divergent Roles of Differential Gene Transcription and Alternative Splicing in Murine Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4320. [PMID: 38673910 PMCID: PMC11050020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) injury is a crucial contributor to the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but the specific EC populations and mechanisms involved remain elusive. Kidney ECs (n = 5464) were collected at three timepoints from diabetic BTBRob/ob mice and non-diabetic littermates. Their heterogeneity, transcriptional changes, and alternative splicing during DKD progression were mapped using SmartSeq2 single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and elucidated through pathway, network, and gene ontology enrichment analyses. We identified 13 distinct transcriptional EC phenotypes corresponding to different kidney vessel subtypes, confirmed through in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. EC subtypes along nephrons displayed extensive zonation related to their functions. Differential gene expression analyses in peritubular and glomerular ECs in DKD underlined the regulation of DKD-relevant pathways including EIF2 signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, and IGF1 signaling. Importantly, this revealed the differential alteration of these pathways between the two EC subtypes and changes during disease progression. Furthermore, glomerular and peritubular ECs also displayed aberrant and dynamic alterations in alternative splicing (AS), which is strongly associated with DNA repair. Strikingly, genes displaying differential transcription or alternative splicing participate in divergent biological processes. Our study reveals the spatiotemporal regulation of gene transcription and AS linked to DKD progression, providing insight into pathomechanisms and clues to novel therapeutic targets for DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex-Xianghua Zhou
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43162 Mölndal, Sweden; (A.-X.Z.); (P.T.); (M.U.)
| | - Marie Jeansson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.J.); (J.L.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 753 10 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.J.); (J.L.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 753 10 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Wigge
- Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43162 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Tonelius
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43162 Mölndal, Sweden; (A.-X.Z.); (P.T.); (M.U.)
| | - Ramesh Tati
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43162 Mölndal, Sweden; (A.-X.Z.); (P.T.); (M.U.)
| | - Linda Cederblad
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43162 Mölndal, Sweden; (A.-X.Z.); (P.T.); (M.U.)
| | - Lars Muhl
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Martin Uhrbom
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43162 Mölndal, Sweden; (A.-X.Z.); (P.T.); (M.U.)
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Anna Björnson Granqvist
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43162 Mölndal, Sweden; (A.-X.Z.); (P.T.); (M.U.)
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.J.); (J.L.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 753 10 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pernille B. L. Hansen
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43162 Mölndal, Sweden; (A.-X.Z.); (P.T.); (M.U.)
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2
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Gorobets O, Gorobets S, Polyakova T, Zablotskii V. Modulation of calcium signaling and metabolic pathways in endothelial cells with magnetic fields. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1163-1182. [PMID: 38356636 PMCID: PMC10863714 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium signaling plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, cell division, and neurotransmitter release. Dysregulation of calcium levels and signaling has been linked to a range of pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Here, we propose a theoretical model that predicts the modulation of calcium ion channel activity and calcium signaling in the endothelium through the application of either a time-varying or static gradient magnetic field (MF). This modulation is achieved by exerting magnetic forces or torques on either biogenic or non-biogenic magnetic nanoparticles that are bound to endothelial cell membranes. Since calcium signaling in endothelial cells induces neuromodulation and influences blood flow control, treatment with a magnetic field shows promise for regulating neurovascular coupling and treating vascular dysfunctions associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, magnetic treatment can enable control over the decoding of Ca signals, ultimately impacting protein synthesis. The ability to modulate calcium wave frequencies using MFs and the MF-controlled decoding of Ca signaling present promising avenues for treating diseases characterized by calcium dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" Ukraine
| | - Tatyana Polyakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Zablotskii
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center (iMFRC), Science Island Hefei China
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3
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Moccia F, Brunetti V, Soda T, Berra-Romani R, Scarpellino G. Cracking the Endothelial Calcium (Ca 2+) Code: A Matter of Timing and Spacing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16765. [PMID: 38069089 PMCID: PMC10706333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A monolayer of endothelial cells lines the innermost surface of all blood vessels, thereby coming into close contact with every region of the body and perceiving signals deriving from both the bloodstream and parenchymal tissues. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is the main mechanism whereby vascular endothelial cells integrate the information conveyed by local and circulating cues. Herein, we describe the dynamics and spatial distribution of endothelial Ca2+ signals to understand how an array of spatially restricted (at both the subcellular and cellular levels) Ca2+ signals is exploited by the vascular intima to fulfill this complex task. We then illustrate how local endothelial Ca2+ signals affect the most appropriate vascular function and are integrated to transmit this information to more distant sites to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. Vasorelaxation and sprouting angiogenesis were selected as an example of functions that are finely tuned by the variable spatio-temporal profile endothelial Ca2+ signals. We further highlighted how distinct Ca2+ signatures regulate the different phases of vasculogenesis, i.e., proliferation and migration, in circulating endothelial precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Valentina Brunetti
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico;
| | - Giorgia Scarpellino
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.B.); (G.S.)
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4
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Coccarelli A, Pant S. On the Ca 2+ elevation in vascular endothelial cells due to inositol trisphosphate-sensitive store receptors activation: A data-driven modeling approach. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107111. [PMID: 37540925 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Agonist-induced Ca2+ signaling is essential for the regulation of many vital functions in endothelial cells (ECs). A broad range of stimuli elevate the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration by promoting a pathway mediated by inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) which causes Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Despite its importance, there are very few studies focusing on the quantification of such dynamics in the vascular endothelium. Here, by using data from isolated ECs, we established a minimalistic modeling framework able to quantitatively capture the main features (averaged over a cell population) of the cytosolic Ca2+ response to different IP3 stimulation levels. A suitable description of Ca2+-regulatory function of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and corresponding parameter space are identified by comparing the different model variants against experimental mean population data. The same approach is used to numerically assess the relevance of cytosolic Ca2+ buffering, as well as Ca2+ store IP3-sensitivity in the overall cell dynamics. The variability in the dynamics' features observed across the population can be explained (at least in part) through variation of certain model parameters (such as buffering capacity or Ca2+ store sensitivity to IP3). The results, in terms of experimental fitting and validation, support the proposed minimalistic model as a reference framework for the quantification of the EC Ca2+ dynamics induced by IP3Rs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Coccarelli
- Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, UK.
| | - Sanjay Pant
- Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, UK
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5
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Gorobets O, Gorobets S, Sharai I, Polyakova T, Zablotskii V. Interaction of magnetic fields with biogenic magnetic nanoparticles on cell membranes: Physiological consequences for organisms in health and disease. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 151:108390. [PMID: 36746089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction mechanisms between magnetic fields (MFs) and living systems, which remained hidden for more than a hundred years, continue to attract the attention of researchers from various disciplines: physics, biology, medicine, and life sciences. Revealing these mechanisms at the cellular level would allow to understand complex cell systems and could help to explain and predict cell responses to MFs, intervene in organisms' reactions to MFs of different strengths, directions, and spatial distributions. We suggest several new physical mechanisms of the MF impacts on endothelial and cancer cells by the MF interaction with chains of biogenic and non-biogenic magnetic nanoparticles on cell membranes. The revealed mechanisms can play a hitherto unexpected role in creating physiological responses of organisms to externally applied MFs. We have also a set of theoretical models that can predict how cells will individually and collectively respond to a MF exposure. The physiological sequences of the MF - cell interactions for organisms in health and disease are discussed. The described effects and their underlying mechanisms are general and should take place in a large family of biological effects of MFs. The results are of great importance for further developing novel approaches in cell biology, cell therapy and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine; Institute of Magnetism of NAS and MES of Ukraine, Ukraine.
| | - Svitlana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sharai
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine; Institute of Magnetism of NAS and MES of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Tatyana Polyakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Zablotskii
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center (iMFRC), Science Island, China
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6
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Knighten JM, Aziz T, Pleshinger DJ, Annamdevula N, Rich TC, Taylor MS, Andrews JF, Macarilla CT, Francis CM. Algorithm for biological second messenger analysis with dynamic regions of interest. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284394. [PMID: 37167308 PMCID: PMC10174521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological function is regulated through cellular communication that is facilitated by multiple signaling molecules such as second messengers. Analysis of signal dynamics obtained from cell and tissue imaging is difficult because of intricate spatially and temporally distinct signals. Signal analysis tools based on static region of interest analysis may under- or overestimate signals in relation to region of interest size and location. Therefore, we developed an algorithm for biological signal detection and analysis based on dynamic regions of interest, where time-dependent polygonal regions of interest are automatically assigned to the changing perimeter of detected and segmented signals. This approach allows signal profiles to be rigorously and precisely tracked over time, eliminating the signal distortion observed with static methods. Integration of our approach with state-of-the-art image processing and particle tracking pipelines enabled the isolation of dynamic cellular signaling events and characterization of biological signaling patterns with distinct combinations of parameters including amplitude, duration, and spatial spread. Our algorithm was validated using synthetically generated datasets and compared with other available methods. Application of the algorithm to volumetric time-lapse hyperspectral images of cyclic adenosine monophosphate measurements in rat microvascular endothelial cells revealed distinct signal heterogeneity with respect to cell depth, confirming the utility of our approach for analysis of 5-dimensional data. In human tibial arteries, our approach allowed the identification of distinct calcium signal patterns associated with atherosclerosis. Our algorithm for automated detection and analysis of second messenger signals enables the decoding of signaling patterns in diverse tissues and identification of pathologic cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Knighten
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Takreem Aziz
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Donald J Pleshinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Naga Annamdevula
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thomas C Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Joel F Andrews
- Bioimaging Core Facility, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christian T Macarilla
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - C Michael Francis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
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7
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Peters EC, Gee MT, Pawlowski LN, Kath AM, Polk FD, Vance CJ, Sacoman JL, Pires PW. Amyloid- β disrupts unitary calcium entry through endothelial NMDA receptors in mouse cerebral arteries. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:145-161. [PMID: 34465229 PMCID: PMC8721780 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211039592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ activate endothelium-dependent vasodilatory pathways. This process is impaired in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, where amyloid-β(1-40) accumulates around blood vessels. In neurons, amyloid-β impairs the Ca2+-permeable N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a mediator of endothelium-dependent dilation in arteries. We hypothesized that amyloid-β(1-40) reduces NMDAR-elicited Ca2+ signals in mouse cerebral artery endothelial cells, blunting dilation. Cerebral arteries isolated from 4-5 months-old, male and female cdh5:Gcamp8 mice were used for imaging of unitary Ca2+ influx through NMDAR (NMDAR sparklets) and intracellular Ca2+ transients. The NMDAR agonist NMDA (10 µmol/L) increased frequency of NMDAR sparklets and intracellular Ca2+ transients in endothelial cells; these effects were prevented by NMDAR antagonists D-AP5 and MK-801. Next, we tested if amyloid-β(1-40) impairs NMDAR-elicited Ca2+ transients. Cerebral arteries incubated with amyloid-β(1-40) (5 µmol/L) exhibited reduced NMDAR sparklets and intracellular Ca2+ transients. Lastly, we observed that NMDA-induced dilation of pial arteries is reduced by acute intraluminal amyloid-β(1-40), as well as in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, the 5x-FAD, linked to downregulation of Grin1 mRNA compared to wild-type littermates. These data suggest that endothelial NMDAR mediate dilation via Ca2+-dependent pathways, a process disrupted by amyloid-β(1-40) and impaired in 5x-FAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Peters
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael T Gee
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lukas N Pawlowski
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Allison M Kath
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Felipe D Polk
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher J Vance
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Juliana L Sacoman
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Paulo W Pires
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
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8
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Longden TA, Mughal A, Hennig GW, Harraz OF, Shui B, Lee FK, Lee JC, Reining S, Kotlikoff MI, König GM, Kostenis E, Hill-Eubanks D, Nelson MT. Local IP 3 receptor-mediated Ca 2+ signals compound to direct blood flow in brain capillaries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh0101. [PMID: 34290098 PMCID: PMC8294755 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Healthy brain function depends on the finely tuned spatial and temporal delivery of blood-borne nutrients to active neurons via the vast, dense capillary network. Here, using in vivo imaging in anesthetized mice, we reveal that brain capillary endothelial cells control blood flow through a hierarchy of IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ events, ranging from small, subsecond protoevents, reflecting Ca2+ release through a small number of channels, to high-amplitude, sustained (up to ~1 min) compound events mediated by large clusters of channels. These frequent (~5000 events/s per microliter of cortex) Ca2+ signals are driven by neuronal activity, which engages Gq protein-coupled receptor signaling, and are enhanced by Ca2+ entry through TRPV4 channels. The resulting Ca2+-dependent synthesis of nitric oxide increases local blood flow selectively through affected capillary branches, providing a mechanism for high-resolution control of blood flow to small clusters of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Longden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amreen Mughal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Grant W Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Osama F Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jane C Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shaun Reining
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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9
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Buckley C, Zhang X, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Carbenoxolone and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibit inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated endothelial cell calcium signalling and depolarise mitochondria. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:896-912. [PMID: 33269468 PMCID: PMC9328419 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Coordinated endothelial control of cardiovascular function is proposed to occur by endothelial cell communication via gap junctions and connexins. To study intercellular communication, the pharmacological agents carbenoxolone (CBX) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA) are used widely as connexin inhibitors and gap junction blockers. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effects of CBX and 18βGA on intercellular Ca2+ waves, evoked by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) in the endothelium of intact mesenteric resistance arteries. KEY RESULTS Acetycholine-evoked IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release and propagated waves were inhibited by CBX (100 μM) and 18βGA (40 μM). Unexpectedly, the Ca2+ signals were inhibited uniformly in all cells, suggesting that CBX and 18βGA reduced Ca2+ release. Localised photolysis of caged IP3 (cIP3 ) was used to provide precise spatiotemporal control of site of cell activation. Local cIP3 photolysis generated reproducible Ca2+ increases and Ca2+ waves that propagated across cells distant to the photolysis site. CBX and 18βGA each blocked Ca2+ waves in a time-dependent manner by inhibiting the initiating IP3 -evoked Ca2+ release event rather than block of gap junctions. This effect was reversed on drug washout and was unaffected by small or intermediate K+ -channel blockers. Furthermore, CBX and 18βGA each rapidly and reversibly collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CBX and 18βGA inhibit IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release and depolarise the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that CBX and 18βGA may block cell-cell communication by acting at sites that are unrelated to gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Biwer LA, Askew-Page HR, Hong K, Milstein J, Johnstone SR, Macal E, Good ME, Bagher P, Sonkusare SK, Isakson BE. Endothelial calreticulin deletion impairs endothelial function in aged mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1041-H1048. [PMID: 32196361 PMCID: PMC7346539 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00586.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Discrete calcium signals within the vascular endothelium decrease with age and contribute to impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilation. Calreticulin (Calr), a multifunctional calcium binding protein and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, can mediate calcium signals and vascular function within the endothelial cells (ECs) of small resistance arteries. We found Calr protein expression significantly decreases with age in mesenteric arteries and examined the functional role of EC Calr in vasodilation and calcium mobilization in the context of aging. Third-order mesenteric arteries from mice with or without EC Calr knockdown were examined for calcium signals and constriction to phenylephrine (PE) or vasodilation to carbachol (CCh) after 75 wk of age. PE constriction in aged mice with or without EC Calr was unchanged. However, calcium signals and vasodilation to endothelial-dependent agonist carbachol were significantly impaired in aged EC Calr knockdown mice. Ex vivo incubation of arteries with the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) significantly improved vasodilation in mice lacking EC Calr. Our data suggests diminished vascular Calr expression with age can contribute to the detrimental effects of aging on endothelial calcium regulation and vasodilation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Calreticulin (Calr) is responsible for key physiological processes in endoplasmic reticulum, especially in aging tissue. In particular, endothelial Calr is crucial to vascular function. In this study, we deleted Calr from the endothelium and aged the mice up to 75 wk to examine changes in vascular function. We found two key differences: 1) calcium events in endothelium were severely diminished after muscarinic stimulation, which 2) corresponded with a dramatic decrease in muscarinic vasodilation. Remarkably, we were able to rescue the effect of Calr deletion on endothelial-dependent vasodilatory function using tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress that is currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Biwer
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry R Askew-Page
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jenna Milstein
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Edgar Macal
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pooneh Bagher
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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11
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Dalal PJ, Muller WA, Sullivan DP. Endothelial Cell Calcium Signaling during Barrier Function and Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:535-542. [PMID: 31866349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium is an essential second messenger in endothelial cells and plays a pivotal role in regulating a number of physiologic processes, including cell migration, angiogenesis, barrier function, and inflammation. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration can trigger a number of diverse signaling pathways under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. In this review, we discuss how calcium signaling pathways in endothelial cells play an essential role in affecting barrier function and facilitating inflammation. Inflammatory mediators, such as thrombin and histamine, increase intracellular calcium levels. This calcium influx causes adherens junction disassembly and cytoskeletal rearrangements to facilitate endothelial cell retraction and increased permeability. During inflammation endothelial cell calcium entry and the calcium-related signaling events also help facilitate several leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, such as leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and ultimately transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana J Dalal
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David P Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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12
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Wilson C, Zhang X, Buckley C, Heathcote HR, Lee MD, McCarron JG. Increased Vascular Contractility in Hypertension Results From Impaired Endothelial Calcium Signaling. Hypertension 2019; 74:1200-1214. [PMID: 31542964 PMCID: PMC6791503 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Endothelial cells line all blood vessels and are critical regulators of vascular tone. In hypertension, disruption of endothelial function alters the release of endothelial-derived vasoactive factors and results in increased vascular tone. Although the release of endothelial-derived vasodilators occurs in a Ca2+-dependent manner, little is known on how Ca2+ signaling is altered in hypertension. A key element to endothelial control of vascular tone is Ca2+ signals at specialized regions (myoendothelial projections) that connect endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. This work describes disruption in the operation of this key Ca2+ signaling pathway in hypertension. We show that vascular reactivity to phenylephrine is increased in hypertensive (spontaneously hypertensive rat) when compared with normotensive (Wistar Kyoto) rats. Basal endothelial Ca2+ activity limits vascular contraction, but that Ca2+-dependent control is impaired in hypertension. When changes in endothelial Ca2+ levels are buffered, vascular contraction to phenylephrine increased, resulting in similar responses in normotension and hypertension. Local endothelial IP3(inositol trisphosphate)-mediated Ca2+ signals are smaller in amplitude, shorter in duration, occur less frequently, and arise from fewer sites in hypertension. Spatial control of endothelial Ca2+ signaling is also disrupted in hypertension: local Ca2+ signals occur further from myoendothelial projections in hypertension. The results demonstrate that the organization of local Ca2+ signaling circuits occurring at myoendothelial projections is disrupted in hypertension, giving rise to increased contractile responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Wilson
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Xun Zhang
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Heathcote
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Lee
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John G McCarron
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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13
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Filippini A, D'Amore A, D'Alessio A. Calcium Mobilization in Endothelial Cell Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184525. [PMID: 31547344 PMCID: PMC6769945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the innermost layer that lines all blood vessels from the larger arteries and veins to the smallest capillaries, including the lymphatic vessels. Despite the histological classification of endothelium of a simple epithelium and its homogeneous morphological appearance throughout the vascular system, ECs, instead, are extremely heterogeneous both structurally and functionally. The different arrangement of cell junctions between ECs and the local organization of the basal membrane generate different type of endothelium with different permeability features and functions. Continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous endothelia are distributed based on the specific function carried out by the organs. It is thought that a large number ECs functions and their responses to extracellular cues depend on changes in intracellular concentrations of calcium ion ([Ca2+]i). The extremely complex calcium machinery includes plasma membrane bound channels as well as intracellular receptors distributed in distinct cytosolic compartments that act jointly to maintain a physiological [Ca2+]i, which is crucial for triggering many cellular mechanisms. Here, we first survey the overall notions related to intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and later highlight the involvement of this second messenger in crucial ECs functions with the aim at stimulating further investigation that link Ca2+ mobilization to ECs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella D'Amore
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio D'Alessio
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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14
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McCarron JG, Wilson C, Heathcote HR, Zhang X, Buckley C, Lee MD. Heterogeneity and emergent behaviour in the vascular endothelium. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 45:23-32. [PMID: 31005824 PMCID: PMC6700393 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is the single layer of cells lining all blood vessels, and it is a remarkable cardiovascular control centre. Each endothelial cell has only a small number (on average six) of interconnected neighbours. Yet this arrangement produces a large repertoire of behaviours, capable of controlling numerous cardiovascular functions in a flexible and dynamic way. The endothelium regulates the delivery of nutrients and removal of waste by regulating blood flow and vascular permeability. The endothelium regulates blood clotting, responses to infection and inflammation, the formation of new blood vessels, and remodelling of the blood vessel wall. To carry out these roles, the endothelium autonomously interprets a complex environment crammed with signals from hormones, neurotransmitters, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, various blood cells, viral or bacterial infection and proinflammatory cytokines. It is generally assumed that the endothelium responds to these instructions with coordinated responses in a homogeneous population of endothelial cells. Here, we highlight evidence that shows that neighbouring endothelial cells are highly heterogeneous and display different sensitivities to various activators. Cells with various sensitivities process different extracellular signals into distinct streams of information in parallel, like a vast switchboard. Communication occurs among cells and new ‘emergent’ signals are generated that are non-linear composites of the inputs. Emergent signals cannot be predicted or deduced from the properties of individual cells. Heterogeneity and emergent behaviour bestow capabilities on the endothelial collective that far exceed those of individual cells. The implications of heterogeneity and emergent behaviour for understanding vascular disease and drug discovery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Helen R Heathcote
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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15
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Dowding S, Zakkaroff C, Moore S, David T. Coronary Smooth Muscle Cell Calcium Dynamics: Effects of Bifurcation Angle on Atheroprone Conditions. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1528. [PMID: 30429800 PMCID: PMC6220094 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigates the effect of arterial bifurcation angulation on atherosclerosis development through in-silico simulations of coupled cell dynamics. The computational model presented here combines cellular pathways, fluid dynamics, and physiologically-realistic vessel geometries as observed in the human vasculature. The coupled cells model includes endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with ion dynamics, hetero and homotypic coupling, as well as electro-diffusive coupling. Three arterial bifurcation surface models were used in the coupled cells simulations. All three simulations showed propagating waves of Ca2+ in both the SMC and EC layers, following the introduction of a luminal agonist, in this case ATP. Immediately following the introduction of ATP concentration Ca2+ waves propagate from the area of high ATP toward the areas of low ATP concentration, forming complex patterns where waves interact with eachother, collide and fade. These dynamic phenomena are repeated with a series of waves of slower velocity. The underlying motivation of this research was to examine the macro-scale phenomena, given that the characteristic length scales of atherosclerotic plaques are much larger than a single cell. The micro-scale dynamics were modeled on macro-scale arterial bifurcation surfaces containing over one million cells. The results of the simulations presented here suggest that susceptibility to atherosclerosis development depends on the bifurcation angulation. In conjunction with findings reported in the literature, the simulation results demonstrate that arterial bifurcations containing wider angles have a more prominent influence on the coupled cells pathways associated with the development of atherosclerosis, by means of disturbed flow and lower SMC Ca2+ concentrations. The discussion of the results considers the findings of this research within the context of the potential link between information transport through frequency encoding of Ca2+ wave dynamics and development of atheroprone conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Dowding
- UC High Performance Computing Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Constantine Zakkaroff
- Department of Accounting and Information Systems, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Tim David
- UC High Performance Computing Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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16
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Abstract
This brief review assesses the role of Ca2+ signaling in lung endothelium in regulation of endothelial permeability. The disconnect between experimental and clinical outcomes to date may be due, in part, to the use of tools which yield information about aggregate permeability or Ca2+ responses in lung or in endothelial monolayers. The teaching point of this review is to “unpack the box,” i.e. consider the many potential issues which could impact interpretation of outcomes. These include phenotypic heterogeneity and resultant segment-specific permeability responses, methodologic issues related to permeability measures, contributions from Ca2+ channels in cells other than endothelium—such as alveolar macrophages or blood leukocytes), Ca2+ dynamic patterns, rather than averaged Ca2+ responses to channel activation, and the background context, such as changes in endothelial bioenergetics with sepsis. Any or all of these issues might color interpretation of permeability and Ca2+ signaling in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary I Townsley
- 12214 Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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17
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Maintenance of normal blood pressure is dependent on IP3R1-mediated regulation of eNOS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8532-7. [PMID: 27402766 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608859113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are critical mediators of blood pressure (BP) regulation, primarily via the generation and release of vasorelaxants, including nitric oxide (NO). NO is produced in ECs by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), which is activated by both calcium (Ca(2+))-dependent and independent pathways. Here, we report that intracellular Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is required for Ca(2+)-dependent eNOS activation. EC-specific type 1 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor knockout (IP3R1(-/-)) mice are hypertensive and display blunted vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (ACh). Moreover, eNOS activity is reduced in both isolated IP3R1-deficient murine ECs and human ECs following IP3R1 knockdown. IP3R1 is upstream of calcineurin, a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine protein phosphatase. We show here that the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway is less active and eNOS levels are decreased in IP3R1-deficient ECs. Furthermore, the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A, whose use has been associated with the development of hypertension, reduces eNOS activity and vasodilation following ACh stimulation. Our results demonstrate that IP3R1 plays a crucial role in the EC-mediated vasorelaxation and the maintenance of normal BP.
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18
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Boerman EM, Everhart JE, Segal SS. Advanced age decreases local calcium signaling in endothelium of mouse mesenteric arteries in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1091-6. [PMID: 26945073 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00038.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with vascular dysfunction that impairs tissue perfusion, physical activity, and the quality of life. Calcium signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) is integral to vasomotor control, exemplified by localized Ca(2+) signals within EC projections through holes in the internal elastic lamina (IEL). Within these microdomains, endothelium-derived hyperpolarization is integral to smooth muscle cell (SMC) relaxation via coupling through myoendothelial gap junctions. However, the effects of aging on local EC Ca(2+) signals (and thereby signaling between ECs and SMCs) remain unclear, and these events have not been investigated in vivo. Furthermore, it is unknown whether aging affects either the number or the size of IEL holes. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that local EC Ca(2+) signaling is impaired with advanced age along with a reduction in IEL holes. In anesthetized mice expressing a Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent protein (GCaMP2) selectively in ECs, our findings illustrate that for mesenteric arteries controlling splanchnic blood flow the frequency of spontaneous local Ca(2+) signals in ECs was reduced by ∼85% in old (24-26 mo) vs. young (3-6 mo) animals. At the same time, the number (and total area) of holes per square millimeter of IEL was reduced by ∼40%. We suggest that diminished signaling between ECs and SMCs contributes to dysfunction of resistance arteries with advanced age.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/aging-impairs-endothelial-ca2-signaling/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Jesse E Everhart
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Steven S Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
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19
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Wilson C, Saunter CD, Girkin JM, McCarron JG. Clusters of specialized detector cells provide sensitive and high fidelity receptor signaling in the intact endothelium. FASEB J 2016; 30:2000-13. [PMID: 26873937 PMCID: PMC4836367 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Agonist-mediated signaling by the endothelium controls virtually all vascular functions. Because of the large diversity of agonists, each with varying concentrations, background noise often obscures individual cellular signals. How the endothelium distinguishes low-level fluctuations from noise and decodes and integrates physiologically relevant information remains unclear. Here, we recorded changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in response to acetylcholine in areas encompassing hundreds of endothelial cells from inside intact pressurized arteries. Individual cells responded to acetylcholine with a concentration-dependent increase in Ca(2+) signals spanning a single order of magnitude. Interestingly, however, intercellular response variation extended over 3 orders of magnitude of agonist concentration, thus crucially enhancing the collective bandwidth of endothelial responses to agonists. We also show the accuracy of this collective mode of detection is facilitated by spatially restricted clusters of comparably sensitive cells arising from heterogeneous receptor expression. Simultaneous stimulation of clusters triggered Ca(2+) signals that were transmitted to neighboring cells in a manner that scaled with agonist concentration. Thus, the endothelium detects agonists by acting as a distributed sensing system. Specialized clusters of detector cells, analogous to relay nodes in modern communication networks, integrate populationwide inputs, and enable robust noise filtering for efficient high-fidelity signaling.-Wilson, C., Saunter, C. D., Girkin, J. M., McCarron, J. G. Clusters of specialized detector cells provide sensitive and high fidelity receptor signaling in the intact endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher D Saunter
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - John M Girkin
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and
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20
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Radu BM, Radu M, Tognoli C, Benati D, Merigo F, Assfalg M, Solani E, Stranieri C, Ceccon A, Fratta Pasini AM, Cominacini L, Bramanti P, Osculati F, Bertini G, Fabene PF. Are they in or out? The elusive interaction between Qtracker®800 vascular labels and brain endothelial cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:3329-42. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Qtracker®800 Vascular labels (Qtracker®800) are promising biomedical tools for high-resolution vasculature imaging; their effects on mouse and human endothelia, however, are still unknown. Materials & methods: Qtracker®800 were injected in Balb/c mice, and brain endothelium uptake was investigated by transmission electron microscopy 3-h post injection. We then investigated, in vitro, the effects of Qtracker®800 exposure on mouse and human endothelial cells by calcium imaging. Results: Transmission electron microscopy images showed nanoparticle accumulation in mouse brain endothelia. A subset of mouse and human endothelial cells generated intracellular calcium transients in response to Qtracker®800. Conclusion: Qtracker®800 nanoparticles elicit endothelial functional responses, which prompts biomedical safety evaluations and may bias the interpretation of experimental studies involving vascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Section of Anatomy & Histology, Department of Neurological & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Section of Anatomy & Histology, Department of Neurological & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Life & Environmental Physics, ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics & Nuclear Engineering, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Cristina Tognoli
- Section of Anatomy & Histology, Department of Neurological & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Donatella Benati
- Section of Anatomy & Histology, Department of Neurological & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Flavia Merigo
- Section of Anatomy & Histology, Department of Neurological & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Erika Solani
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Chiara Stranieri
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Alberto Ceccon
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Cominacini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Osculati
- Section of Anatomy & Histology, Department of Neurological & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi ‘Bonino Pulejo’, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertini
- Section of Anatomy & Histology, Department of Neurological & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Paolo Francesco Fabene
- Section of Anatomy & Histology, Department of Neurological & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
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