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Effect of Pinoresinol and Vanillic Acid Isolated from Catalpa bignonioides on Mouse Myoblast Proliferation via the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175397. [PMID: 36080161 PMCID: PMC9457826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and maintenance of skeletal muscle is essential for athletic performance and a healthy life. Stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells may help prevent loss of muscle mass. To discover effective natural substances enabling to mitigate muscle loss without side effects, we evaluated muscle growth with several compounds extracted from Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Among these compounds, pinoresinol and vanillic acid increased C2C12, a mouse myoblast cell line, proliferation being the most without cytotoxicity. These substances activated the Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which positively regulates the proliferation of muscle cells. In addition, the results of in silico molecular docking study showed that they may bind to the active site of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), which is an upstream of the Akt/mTOR pathway, indicating that both pinoresinol and vanillic acid stimulate myoblast proliferation through direct interaction with IGF-1R. These results suggest that pinoresinol and vanillic acid may be a natural supplement to improve the proliferation of skeletal muscle via IGF-1R/Akt/mTOR signaling and thus strengthen muscles.
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2
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Chouw A, Sartika CR, Milanda T, Faried A. Interleukins Profiling in Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome. Stem Cells Cloning 2022; 15:1-9. [PMID: 35444427 PMCID: PMC9015105 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s356763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs)-derived secretome is currently used in regenerative therapy. MSCs are believed to secrete a wide spectrum of bioactive molecules which give paracrine effects in immunomodulation and regenerative capacities. One group that was found in secretome is interleukins (ILs), a cytokine that plays an essential role in the process of proliferation, differentiation, maturation, migration, and adhesion of immune cells. However, as there are many types of ILs, the profile of ILs in the UC-MSCs-derived secretome has been limitedly reported. Therefore, in this study, we would like to profile and detect the interleukin concentration secreted by UC-MSCs. Methods UC-MSCs-derived secretome was collected from UC-MSCs passage 5 after 24- and 48-hour incubation (n=9). Secretome was filtered using 0.2 µm and stored at -80°C for further detection. All samples were normalized before the interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A) detection using a MACSPlex Cytokine Kit. Results The IL-6 has the highest concentration among other interleukins in both groups and increases significantly (p<0.003) after incubation for 48 hours. The pro-inflammatory factors are decreasing while anti-inflammatory factors are increasing after 48-hour incubation. Discussion Our studies show that the UC-MSCs secrete pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins. The concentration of anti-inflammatory interleukins shows to be increasing, while the pro-inflammatory interleukins are decreasing within the longer incubation time, but this not be applicable for IL-10 and IL-6. IL-6 has the highest concentration among other ILs. These results may provide important clues regarding when is the right time for secretome to be used in therapy patients, because all the molecules in the secretome can lead to many clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angliana Chouw
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
- Research and Development, Prodia StemCell Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Cynthia Retna Sartika
- Research and Development, Prodia StemCell Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tiana Milanda
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Faried
- Stem Cell Working Group, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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3
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Qiao J, Wang S, Zhou J, Tan B, Li Z, Zheng E, Cai G, Wu Z, Hong L, Gu T. ITGB6 inhibits the proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:96-105. [PMID: 34519117 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of embryonic muscle fibers determines the amount of postnatal muscles and is regulated by a variety of signaling pathways and transcription factors. Previously, by using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and RNA-Seq techniques, we identified a large number of genes that are regulated by H3K27me3 in porcine embryonic skeletal muscles. Among these genes, we found that ITGB6 is regulated by H3K27me3. However, its function in muscle development is unknown. In this study, we first verified that ITGB6 was differentially regulated by H3K27me3 and that its expression levels were upregulated in porcine skeletal muscles at embryonic Days 33, 65, and 90. Then, we performed gain- or loss-of-function studies on porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells to study the role of ITGB6 in porcine skeletal muscle development. The proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells was studied through real-time polymerase chain reaction, Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, Western blot, and flow cytometry analyses. We found that the ITGB6 gene was regulated by H3K27me3 during muscle development and had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Qiao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Tan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicong Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Linjun Hong
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Song R, Zhao S, Xu Y, Hu J, Ke S, Li F, Tian G, Zheng X, Li J, Gu L, Xu Y. MRTF-A regulates myoblast commitment to differentiation by targeting PAX7 during muscle regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8645-8661. [PMID: 34347392 PMCID: PMC8435411 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor-A/serum response factor (MRTF-A/SRF), a well-known transcriptional programme, has been proposed to play crucial roles in skeletal muscle development and function. However, whether MRTF-A participates in muscle regeneration and the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we show that MRTF-A levels are highly correlated with myogenic genes using a RNA-seq assay, which reveal that MRTF-A knockdown in C2C12 cells significantly reduces PAX7 expression. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo data show that MRTF-A and PAX7 present identical expression patterns during myoblast differentiation and CTX-induced muscle injury and repair. Remarkably, MRTF-A overexpression promotes myoblast proliferation, while inhibiting cell differentiation and the expression of MyoD and MyoG. MRTF-A loss of function produces the opposite effect. Moreover, mice with lentivirus (MRTF-A) injection possesses more PAX7+ satellite cells, but less differentiating MyoD+ and MyoG+ cells, leading subsequently to diminished muscle regeneration. Our mechanistic results reveal that MRTF-A contributes to PAX7-mediated myoblast self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its distal CArG box. Overall, we propose that MRTF-A functions as a novel PAX7 regulator upon myoblast commitment to differentiation, which could provide pathways for dictating muscle stem cell fate and open new avenues to explore stem cell-based therapy for muscle degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhui Song
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Centre of Chongqing City, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Shuangao Ke
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Gaohui Tian
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Lixing Gu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
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5
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MRTF-A regulates Ca2+ release through CACNA1S. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Kong M, Zhang Y, Song M, Cong W, Gao C, Zhang J, Han S, Tu Q, Ma X. Myocardin‑related transcription factor A nuclear translocation contributes to mechanical overload‑induced nucleus pulposus fibrosis in rats with intervertebral disc degeneration. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:123. [PMID: 33982787 PMCID: PMC8121555 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)/myocardin‑related transcription factor A (MRTF‑A) nuclear translocation axis positively regulates fibrogenesis induced by mechanical forces in various organ systems. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this signaling pathway was involved in the pathogenesis of nucleus pulposus (NP) fibrosis induced by mechanical overload during the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and to confirm the alleviating effect of an MRTF‑A inhibitor in the treatment of IVDD. NP cells (NPCs) were cultured on substrates of different stiffness (2.9 and 41.7 KPa), which mimicked normal and overloaded microenvironments, and were treated with an inhibitor of MRTF‑A nuclear import, CCG‑1423. In addition, bipedal rats were established by clipping the forelimbs of rats at 1 month and gradually elevating the feeding trough, and in order to establish a long‑term overload‑induced model of IVDD, and their intervertebral discs were injected with CCG‑1423 in situ. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, and protein expression was determined by western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The results demonstrated that the viability of NPCs was not affected by the application of force or the inhibitor. In NPCs cultured on stiff matrices, MRTF‑A was mostly localized in the nucleus, and the expression levels of fibrotic proteins, including type I collagen, connective tissue growth factor and α‑smooth muscle cell actin, were upregulated compared with those in NPCs cultured on soft matrices. The levels of these proteins were reduced by CCG‑1423 treatment. In rats, 6 months of upright posture activated MRTF‑A nuclear‑cytoplasmic trafficking and fibrogenesis in the NP and induced IVDD; these effects were alleviated by CCG‑1423 treatment. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that the RhoA/MRTF‑A translocation pathway may promote mechanical overload‑induced fibrogenic activity in NP tissue and partially elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Mengxiong Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Cong
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Changtong Gao
- Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qihao Tu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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7
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Aránega AE, Lozano-Velasco E, Rodriguez-Outeiriño L, Ramírez de Acuña F, Franco D, Hernández-Torres F. MiRNAs and Muscle Regeneration: Therapeutic Targets in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084236. [PMID: 33921834 PMCID: PMC8072594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs required for the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. MicroRNAs play a critical role in modulating muscle regeneration and stem cell behavior. Muscle regeneration is affected in muscular dystrophies, and a critical point for the development of effective strategies for treating muscle disorders is optimizing approaches to target muscle stem cells in order to increase the ability to regenerate lost tissue. Within this framework, miRNAs are emerging as implicated in muscle stem cell response in neuromuscular disorders and new methodologies to regulate the expression of key microRNAs are coming up. In this review, we summarize recent advances highlighting the potential of miRNAs to be used in conjunction with gene replacement therapies, in order to improve muscle regeneration in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Eva Aránega
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lara Rodriguez-Outeiriño
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Felicitas Ramírez de Acuña
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández-Torres
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
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8
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Zhao X, Zhu R, Wang Y, Qi J, Wang J, Bai L, Wang H, Wu Y, Hu H. Differentiation proliferative capacity of skeletal muscle satellite cells from Dapulian and Landrace pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1769511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liya Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huaizhong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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9
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Zacharewicz E, Kalanon M, Murphy RM, Russell AP, Lamon S. MicroRNA-99b-5p downregulates protein synthesis in human primary myotubes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C432-C440. [PMID: 32608991 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00172.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of cellular homeostasis and exert their effect by directly controlling protein expression. We have previously reported an age-dependent negative association between microRNA-99b (miR-99b-5p) expression and muscle protein synthesis in human muscle in vivo. Here we investigated the role of miR-99b-5p as a potential negative regulator of protein synthesis via inhibition of mammalian target for rapamycin (MTOR) signaling in human primary myocytes. Overexpressing miR-99b-5p in human primary myotubes from young and old subjects significantly decreased protein synthesis with no effect of donor age. A binding interaction between miR-99b-5p and its putative binding site within the MTOR 3'-untranslated region (UTR) was confirmed in C2C12 myoblasts. The observed decline in protein synthesis was, however, not associated with a suppression of the MTOR protein but of its regulatory associated protein of mTOR complex 1 (RPTOR). These results demonstrate that modulating the expression levels of a miRNA can regulate protein synthesis in human muscle cells and provide a potential mechanism for muscle wasting in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Zacharewicz
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ming Kalanon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Li P, Liu A, Liu C, Qu Z, Xiao W, Huang J, Liu Z, Zhang S. Role and mechanism of catechin in skeletal muscle cell differentiation. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 74:108225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Muscle Atrophy Marker Expression Differs between Rotary Cell Culture System and Animal Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2042808. [PMID: 30906768 PMCID: PMC6398068 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2042808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscular atrophy, defined as the loss of muscle tissue, is a serious issue for immobilized patients on Earth and for humans during spaceflight, where microgravity prevents normal muscle loading. In vitro modeling is an important step in understanding atrophy mechanisms and testing countermeasures before animal trials. The most ideal environment for modeling must be empirically determined to best mimic known responses in vivo. To simulate microgravity conditions, murine C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS). Alginate encapsulation was compared against polystyrene microcarrier beads as a substrate for culturing these adherent muscle cells. Changes after culture under simulated microgravity were characterized by assessing mRNA expression of MuRF1, MAFbx, Caspase 3, Akt2, mTOR, Ankrd1, and Foxo3. Protein concentration of myosin heavy chain 4 (Myh4) was used as a differentiation marker. Cell morphology and substrate structure were evaluated with brightfield and fluorescent imaging. Differentiated C2C12 cells encapsulated in alginate had a significant increase in MuRF1 only following simulated microgravity culture and were morphologically dissimilar to normal cultured muscle tissue. On the other hand, C2C12 cells cultured on polystyrene microcarriers had significantly increased expression of MuRF1, Caspase 3, and Foxo3 and easily identifiable multinucleated myotubes. The extent of differentiation was higher in simulated microgravity and protein synthesis more active with increased Myh4, Akt2, and mTOR. The in vitro microcarrier model described herein significantly increases expression of several of the same atrophy markers as in vivo models. However, unlike animal models, MAFbx and Ankrd1 were not significantly increased and the fold change in MuRF1 and Foxo3 was lower than expected. Using a standard commercially available RCCS, the substrates and culture methods described only partially model changes in mRNAs associated with atrophy in vivo.
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12
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Lou W, Reynolds CA, Li Y, Liu J, Hüttemann M, Schlame M, Stevenson D, Strathdee D, Greenberg ML. Loss of tafazzin results in decreased myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells: A myoblast model of Barth syndrome and cardiolipin deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:857-865. [PMID: 29694924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the tafazzin gene (TAZ), which encodes the transacylase that remodels the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). While most BTHS patients exhibit pronounced skeletal myopathy, the mechanisms linking defective CL remodeling and skeletal myopathy have not been determined. In this study, we constructed a CRISPR-generated stable tafazzin knockout (TAZ-KO) C2C12 myoblast cell line. TAZ-KO cells exhibit mitochondrial deficits consistent with other models of BTHS, including accumulation of monolyso-CL (MLCL), decreased mitochondrial respiration, and increased mitochondrial ROS production. Additionally, tafazzin deficiency was associated with impairment of myocyte differentiation. Future studies should determine whether alterations in myogenic determination contribute to the skeletal myopathy observed in BTHS patients. The BTHS myoblast model will enable studies to elucidate mechanisms by which defective CL remodeling interferes with normal myocyte differentiation and skeletal muscle ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Yiran Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Stevenson
- Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Protein function can be regulated via post-translational modifications by numerous enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms, including oxidation of cysteine and methionine residues. Redox-dependent regulatory mechanisms have been identified for nearly every cellular process, but the major paradigm has been that cellular components are oxidized (damaged) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a relatively unspecific way, and then reduced (repaired) by designated reductases. While this scheme may work with cysteine, it cannot be ascribed to other residues, such as methionine, whose reaction with ROS is too slow to be biologically relevant. However, methionine is clearly oxidized in vivo and enzymes for its stereoselective reduction are present in all three domains of life. Here, we revisit the chemistry and biology of methionine oxidation, with emphasis on its generation by enzymes from the monooxygenase family. Particular attention is placed on MICALs, a recently discovered family of proteins that harbor an unusual flavin-monooxygenase domain with an NADPH-dependent methionine sulfoxidase activity. Based on structural and kinetic information we provide a rational framework to explain MICAL mechanism, inhibition, and regulation. Methionine residues that are targeted by MICALs are reduced back by methionine sulfoxide reductases, suggesting that reversible methionine oxidation may be a general mechanism analogous to the regulation by phosphorylation by kinases/phosphatases. The identification of new enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of methionine will open a new area of research at the forefront of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Manta
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Russell AP, Wallace MA, Kalanon M, Zacharewicz E, Della Gatta PA, Garnham A, Lamon S. Striated muscle activator of Rho signalling (STARS) is reduced in ageing human skeletal muscle and targeted by miR-628-5p. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:263-274. [PMID: 27739650 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The striated muscle activator of Rho signalling (STARS) is a muscle-specific actin-binding protein. The STARS signalling pathway is activated by resistance exercise and is anticipated to play a role in signal mechanotransduction. Animal studies have reported a negative regulation of STARS signalling with age, but such regulation has not been investigated in humans. METHODS Ten young (18-30 years) and 10 older (60-75 years) subjects completed an acute bout of resistance exercise. Gene and protein expression of members of the STARS signalling pathway and miRNA expression of a subset of miRNAs, predicted or known to target members of STARS signalling pathway, were measured in muscle biopsies collected pre-exercise and 2 h post-exercise. RESULTS For the first time, we report a significant downregulation of the STARS protein in older subjects. However, there was no effect of age on the magnitude of STARS activation in response to an acute bout of exercise. Finally, we established that miR-628-5p, a miRNA regulated by age and exercise, binds to the STARS 3'UTR to directly downregulate its transcription. CONCLUSION This study describes for the first time the resistance exercise-induced regulation of STARS signalling in skeletal muscle from older humans and identifies a new miRNA involved in the transcriptional control of STARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - M. A. Wallace
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - M. Kalanon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - E. Zacharewicz
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - P. A. Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - A. Garnham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - S. Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
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15
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STARS knockout attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by suppressing pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:397-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Abreu P, Pinheiro CHJ, Vitzel KF, Vasconcelos DAA, Torres RP, Fortes MS, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Mancini-Filho J, Hirabara SM, Curi R. Contractile function recovery in severely injured gastrocnemius muscle of rats treated with either oleic or linoleic acid. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:1392-1405. [PMID: 27579497 DOI: 10.1113/ep085899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Oleic and linoleic acids modulate fibroblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation in vitro. However, their in vivo effects on muscle regeneration have not yet been examined. We investigated the effects of either oleic or linoleic acid on a well-established model of muscle regeneration after severe laceration. What is the main finding and its importance? We found that linoleic acid increases fibrous tissue deposition and impairs muscle regeneration and recovery of contractile function, whereas oleic acid has the opposite effects in severely injured gastrocnemius muscle, suggesting that linoleic acid has a harmful effect and oleic acid a potential therapeutic effect on muscle regeneration. Oleic and linoleic acids control fibroblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation in vitro; however, there was no study in skeletal muscle in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of either oleic or linoleic acid on the fibrous tissue content (collagen deposition) of muscle and recovery of contractile function in rat gastrocnemius muscle after being severely injured by laceration. Rats were supplemented with either oleic or linoleic acid for 4 weeks after laceration [0.44 g (kg body weight)-1 day-1 ]. Muscle injury led to an increase in oleic-to-stearic acid and palmitoleic-to-palmitic acid ratios, suggesting an increase in Δ9 desaturase activity. Increased fibrous tissue deposition and reduced isotonic and tetanic specific forces and resistance to fatigue were observed in the injured muscle. Supplementation with linoleic acid increased the content of eicosadienoic (20:2, n-6) and arachidonic (20:4, n-6) acids, reduced muscle mass and fibre cross-sectional areas, increased fibrous tissue deposition and further reduced the isotonic and tetanic specific forces and resistance to fatigue induced by laceration. Supplementation with oleic acid increased the content of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3) and abolished the increase in fibrous tissue area and the decrease in isotonic and tetanic specific forces and resistance to fatigue induced by muscle injury. We concluded that supplementation with linoleic acid impairs muscle regeneration and increases fibrous tissue deposition, resulting in impaired recovery of contractile function. Oleic acid supplementation reduced fibrous tissue deposition and improved recovery of contractile function, attenuating the tissue damage caused by muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phablo Abreu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H J Pinheiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaio F Vitzel
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosângela P Torres
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco S Fortes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mancini-Filho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandro M Hirabara
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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