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Han X, Li C, Qin G, Wang X, Zhang B, Lin Q. Growth increase and gonadal dysfunction of the lined seahorse triggered by zinc exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106947. [PMID: 38776607 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Seahorses are characterized by unique characteristics such as a male pregnancy reproductive strategy and grasping preferences, which make these species vulnerable to various environmental risks. Zinc (Zn) is one of the most frequently occurring toxic elements in coastal waters; however, little is known about the effect of Zn exposure on seahorses. In the present study, line seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) were exposed to waterborne Zn (0.2 and 1.0 mg/L) and the impact on growth and gonadal development was investigated. Zn exposure induced growth improvement, but also led to gonadal dysfunction in the lined seahorse. Female seahorses exhibited high testosterone levels, immature follicles, and weight increase after Zn exposure, which is the typical characteristics of a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like phenotype. Transcriptomic data suggested that the Zn-induced growth promotion resulted from the dysregulated expression of fat accumulation genes. Further investigation of gene expression profiles in the brain, ovaries, and testes indicated that Zn affected the expression of genes involved in growth, immunity, tissue remodeling, and gonadal development by regulating serum steroid hormone levels and androgen receptor expression. This study not only clarifies the complex impact of Zn on seahorses using physiological, histological, and molecular evidence but can also provide new insights into the mechanism underlying PCOS in reproductive-aged women. Moreover, this work demonstrates the risk of the common practice of Zn supplementation in the aquaculture industry as the consequent growth yield may not represent a healthy condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Geng Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Awad M, Sayed RKA, Mohammadin D, Hussein MM, Mokhtar DM. Structural characteristics and regenerative potential: Insights from the molly fish spinal cord. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38923674 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Unlike mammals, species such as fish and amphibians can regenerate damaged spinal cords, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets. This study investigates the structural features of the molly fish spinal cord through light and electron microscopy. The most notable characteristic was the presence of Mauthner cells (M-cells), which exhibited large cell bodies and processes, as well as synaptic connections with astrocytes. These astrocytic connections contained synaptic vesicles, suggesting electrical transmission at the M-cell endings. Astrocytes, which were labeled with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), contained cytoplasmic glycogen granules, potentially serving as an emergency fuel source. Two types of oligodendrocytes were identified: a small, dark cell and a larger, lighter cell, both of which reacted strongly with oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2). The dark oligodendrocyte resembled human oligodendrocyte precursors, while the light oligodendrocyte was similar to mature human oligodendrocytes. Additionally, proliferative neurons in the substantia grisea centralis expressed myostatin, Nrf2, and Sox9. Collectively, these findings suggest that the molly fish spinal cord has advanced structural features conducive to spinal cord regeneration and could serve as an excellent model for studying central nervous system regeneration. Further studies on the functional aspects of the molly fish spinal cord are recommended. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Mauthner cells (M-cell), with their typical large cell body and processes, were the most characteristic feature in Molly fish spinal cord, where it presented synaptic connections with astrocytes and their ends contained synaptic vesicles indicating an electrical transmission in the M-cells endings. Two types of oligodendrocytes could be recognized; both reacted intensely with Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2). The proliferative neurons of the substantia grisea centralis expressed myostatin, Nrf2, and Sox9. The findings of this study suggest that molly fish possess highly developed structural features conducive to spinal cord regeneration. Consequently, they could be deemed an exemplary model for investigating central nervous system regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Awad
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ramy K A Sayed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohammadin
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Hussein
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, Assiut, Egypt
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Sundararaman S, Kumar KS, Siddharth U, Prabu D, Karthikeyan M, Rajasimman M, Thamarai P, Saravanan A, Kumar JA, Vasseghian Y. Sustainable approach for the expulsion of metaldehyde: risk, interactions, and mitigation: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:248. [PMID: 38874631 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
All pests can be eliminated with the help of pesticides, which can be either natural or synthetic. Because of the excessive use of pesticides, it is harmful to both ecology and people's health. Pesticides are categorised according to several criteria: their chemical composition, method of action, effects, timing of use, source of manufacture, and formulations. Many aquatic animals, birds, and critters live in danger owing to hazardous pesticides. Metaldehyde is available in various forms and causes significant impact even when small amounts are ingested. Metaldehyde can harm wildlife, including dogs, cats, and birds. This review discusses pesticides, their types and potential environmental issues, and metaldehyde's long-term effects. In addition, it examines ways to eliminate metaldehyde from the aquatic ecosystem before concluding by anticipating how pesticides may affect society. The metal-organic framework and other biosorbents have been appropriately synthesized and subsequently represent the amazing removal of pesticides from effluent as an enhanced adsorbent, such as magnetic nano adsorbents. A revision of the risk assessment for metaldehyde residuals in aqueous sources is also attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Sundararaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India.
| | - K Satish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - U Siddharth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - D Prabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - M Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - M Rajasimman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, 608002, India
| | - P Thamarai
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 602105, India
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 602105, India
| | - J Aravind Kumar
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Mohamedien D, Mokhtar DM, Abdellah N, Awad M, Albano M, Sayed RKA. Ovary of Zebrafish during Spawning Season: Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemical Profiles of Sox9 and Myostatin. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3362. [PMID: 37958117 PMCID: PMC10649070 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to examine the ovarian cellular and stromal components of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) throughout the spawning season using light and electron microscopic tools. The ovaries of zebrafish showed oocytes in all stages of follicular development and degeneration (atresia). Six stages of oogenesis were demonstrated: oogonia, early oocytes, late oocytes, vacuolated follicles, the yolk globule stage (vitellogenesis), and mature follicles. The SOX9 protein was expressed in the ooplasm of the primary and previtellogenic oocytes and the theca cell layer of the mature follicles. Myostatin was expressed in the granulosa and theca cells. Many stem cells in the ovarian stroma expressed myostatin and SOX9. During the spawning season, the EM results indicated that the zona radiata increased in thickness and was crossed perpendicularly by pore canals that contained processes from both oocytes and zona granulosa. The granulosa cells contained many mitochondria, rER, sER, and vesicles. Meanwhile, the thecal layer consisted of fibroblast-like cells. Atretic follicles could be demonstrated that involved both oocytes and their follicular walls. Several types of cells were distinguished in the ovarian stroma, including mast cells, telocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endocrine cells, macrophages, adipocytes, dendritic cells, and steroidogenic (stromal) cells. The ovary of the zebrafish serves as a model to investigate follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Mohamedien
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; (D.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Doaa M. Mokhtar
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, New Nasser City, Assiut 11829, Egypt
| | - Nada Abdellah
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud Awad
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; (D.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
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Jamil Emon F, Rohani MF, Sumaiya N, Tuj Jannat MF, Akter Y, Shahjahan M, Abdul Kari Z, Tahiluddin AB, Goh KW. Bioaccumulation and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Fishes-A Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:510. [PMID: 37368610 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals, the most potent contaminants of the environment, are discharged into the aquatic ecosystems through the effluents of several industries, resulting in serious aquatic pollution. This type of severe heavy metal contamination in aquaculture systems has attracted great attention throughout the world. These toxic heavy metals are transmitted into the food chain through their bioaccumulation in different tissues of aquatic species and have aroused serious public health concerns. Heavy metal toxicity negatively affects the growth, reproduction, and physiology of fish, which is threatening the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector. Recently, several techniques, such as adsorption, physio-biochemical, molecular, and phytoremediation mechanisms have been successfully applied to reduce the toxicants in the environment. Microorganisms, especially several bacterial species, play a key role in this bioremediation process. In this context, the present review summarizes the bioaccumulation of different heavy metals into fishes, their toxic effects, and possible bioremediation techniques to protect the fishes from heavy metal contamination. Additionally, this paper discusses existing strategies to bioremediate heavy metals from aquatic ecosystems and the scope of genetic and molecular approaches for the effective bioremediation of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Jamil Emon
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Sumaiya
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Fatema Tuj Jannat
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin Akter
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
| | - Albaris B Tahiluddin
- College of Fisheries, Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Sanga-Sanga, Bongao 7500, Philippines
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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Liu S, Tu X, Chen X, Mo L, Liu Y, Xu J, Deng M, Wu Y. Effects of single and combined exposure to zinc and two tetracycline antibiotics on zebrafish at the early stage. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 264:109522. [PMID: 36427668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) and heavy metals are commonly used in livestock and poultry farming, leading to their coexistence in the aquatic environment. This coexistence causes combined toxicity to aquatic organisms. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and their combinations for 120 h to evaluate their adverse effects on the growth, antioxidant system, immune system, and endocrine system during the early stage of life. OTC/ZnCl2 combined exposure significantly reduced the body weight, whereas the TCs/ZnCl2 combination significantly increased the heart rate of zebrafish larvae, suggesting growth impairment induced by TCs and ZnCl2. Further, combined groups showed more prominent toxicity to the antioxidant system than single groups, as revealed by related levels of enzyme activity and gene expression. In addition, the levels of most pro-inflammatory genes were downregulated, and those of NF-κB-related genes were upregulated in all treatment groups, indicating an immunosuppressive response and the potential role of NF-κB signaling, while the combined treatment was not more toxic than TCs or ZnCl2 alone. Similarly, hormone and endocrine related gene levels were determined. Although both single and combined exposures caused certain endocrine-disrupting effects, the combined exposure did not result in higher toxicity than a single exposure. Our findings showed that a mixture of TCs and ZnCl2 might exert greater toxic effects as compared to a single compound on some systems, providing fundamental data on the toxic effects of single and combined TC and ZnCl2 exposure on aquatic organisms, although studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Xun Tu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; School of Resources Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Limin Mo
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China.
| | - Yongming Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China.
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Zhong L, Zhang H, Wu L, Ru H, Wei N, Yao F, Ni Z, Duan X, Li Y. Copper and Zinc Treatments Alter the Thyroid Endocrine System in Zebrafish Embryos/Larvae. TOXICS 2022; 10:756. [PMID: 36548589 PMCID: PMC9788113 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu2+) and zinc (Zn2+) are two kinds of heavy metals essential to living organisms. Cu2+ and Zn2+ at excessive concentrations can cause adverse effects on animals, but little is known about the thyroid-disrupting effects of these metals in fish, especially in the early developmental transition stage from embryos to larvae. Wild-type zebrafish embryos were used to expose to Cu2+ (0, 1.5, 15, and 150 μg/L) and Zn2+ (0, 20, 200, and 2000 μg/L) for 120 h. Thyroid hormone contents and transcriptional changes of the genes connected with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were measured. Results showed that zebrafish embryos/larvae malformation rates were significantly increased in the Cu2+ and Zn2+ groups. Remarkably elevated thyroxine (T4) concentrations and reduced triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were observed in Cu2+ and Zn2+ exposure fish. And the expression patterns of genes connected with the HPT axis were changed after Cu2+ and Zn2+ treatment. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) results, Zn2+ caused significant effects on the thyroid endocrine system at 200 μg/L, while Cu2+ resulted in thyroid disruption as low as 1.5 μg/L. In short, our study demonstrated that exposure to Cu2+ and Zn2+ induced developmental toxicity and thyroid disruption to zebrafish embryos/larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Zhong
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - He Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Universtiy, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Luyin Wu
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huijun Ru
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Nian Wei
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xinbin Duan
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
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Mokhtar DM, Sayed RKA, Zaccone G, Albano M, Hussein MT. Ependymal and Neural Stem Cells of Adult Molly Fish ( Poecilia sphenops, Valenciennes, 1846) Brain: Histomorphometry, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Studies. Cells 2022; 11:2659. [PMID: 36078068 PMCID: PMC9455025 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted on 16 adult specimens of molly fish (Poecilia sphenops) to investigate ependymal cells (ECs) and their role in neurogenesis using ultrastructural examination and immunohistochemistry. The ECs lined the ventral and lateral surfaces of the optic ventricle and their processes extended through the tectal laminae and ended at the surface of the tectum as a subpial end-foot. Two cell types of ECs were identified: cuboidal non-ciliated (5.68 ± 0.84/100 μm2) and columnar ciliated (EC3.22 ± 0.71/100 μm2). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed two types of GFAP immunoreactive cells: ECs and astrocytes. The ECs showed the expression of IL-1β, APG5, and Nfr2. Moreover, ECs showed immunostaining for myostatin, S100, and SOX9 in their cytoplasmic processes. The proliferative activity of the neighboring stem cells was also distinct. The most interesting finding in this study was the glia-neuron interaction, where the processes of ECs met the progenitor neuronal cells in the ependymal area of the ventricular wall. These cells showed bundles of intermediate filaments in their processes and basal poles and were connected by desmosomes, followed by gap junctions. Many membrane-bounded vesicles could be demonstrated on the surface of the ciliated ECs that contained neurosecretion. The abluminal and lateral cell surfaces of ECs showed pinocytotic activities with many coated vesicles, while their apical cytoplasm contained centrioles. The occurrence of stem cells in close position to the ECs, and the presence of bundles of generating axons in direct contact with these stem cells indicate the role of ECs in neurogenesis. The TEM results revealed the presence of neural stem cells in a close position to the ECs, in addition to the presence of bundles of generating axons in direct contact with these stem cells. The present study indicates the role of ECs in neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M. Mokhtar
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Manal T. Hussein
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Study of the Mandibular Bone Microstructure and Blood Minerals Bioavailability in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) from Freshwater. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121476. [PMID: 35739813 PMCID: PMC9219474 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Farmed salmonids show alterations in bone structure that result in skeletal deformities during formation, repair, and regeneration processes, with loss of mineralization at the level of the axial skeleton, mainly the head and spine, affecting their quality of life and even causing death. Despite improving factors, such as farming conditions, diets, and genetics, bone alterations appear more frequently in farmed fish than in wild fish. Thus, we used SEM-EDX, and TGA-DSC to study bone mineralization in farmed and wild rainbow trouts. As expected, we found significant differences in the nutritional parameters of farmed and wild fish (p < 0.05). Microstructural analyses indicated that farmed fish have a more robust mineral structure (p < 0.05), confirming the differences in mineralization and microstructure between both groups. However, the mechanisms regulating absorption and distribution in the organism and their effect on bone mineralization remain to be known. In our study, the combined use of techniques such as SEM-EDX and TGA-DSC allows a clearer assessment and detailed characterization beneficial to understanding the relationship between diet control and bone microstructure.
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Chouchene L, Kessabi K, Gueguen MM, Kah O, Pakdel F, Messaoudi I. Interference with zinc homeostasis and oxidative stress induction as probable mechanisms for cadmium-induced embryo-toxicity in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39578-39592. [PMID: 35106724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to provide new insights into the mechanisms that may be responsible for cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity in zebrafish larvae as well as the role of the trace element zinc (Zn) in reversing Cd harmful effects. For this purpose, zebrafish eggs were exposed to Cd or/and Zn for 96 h. The effects on morphological aspect; mortality rate; Cd, Zn, and metallothionein (MT) levels; oxidative stress biomarkers; as well as molecular expression of some genes involved in Zn metabolism (Zn-MT, ZIP10, and ZnT1) and in antioxidant defense system (Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GPx) were examined. Our results showed that Cd toxicity was exerted, initially, by an interference with Zn metabolism. Thus, Cd was able to modify the expression of the corresponding genes so as to ensure its intracellular accumulation at the expense of Zn, causing its depletion. An oxidative stress was then generated, representing the second mode of Cd action which resulted in developmental anomalies and subsequently mortality. Interestingly, significant corrections have been noted following Zn supplementation based, essentially, on its ability to interact with the toxic metal. The increases of Zn bioavailability, the improvement of the oxidative status, as well as changes in Zn transporter expression profile are part of the protection mechanisms. The decrease of Cd-induced MTs after Zn supplement, both at the protein and the mRNA level, suggests that the protection provided by Zn is ensured through mechanisms not involving MT expression but which rather depend on the oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chouchene
- Génétique, Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Taher Haddad BP74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Kaouthar Kessabi
- Génétique, Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Taher Haddad BP74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Madeleine Gueguen
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail), Université de Rennes, UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Kah
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail), Université de Rennes, UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail), Université de Rennes, UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Génétique, Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Taher Haddad BP74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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11
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Taslima K, Al-Emran M, Rahman MS, Hasan J, Ferdous Z, Rohani MF, Shahjahan M. Impacts of heavy metals on early development, growth and reproduction of fish - A review. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:858-868. [PMID: 36561955 PMCID: PMC9764183 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals pollution causes a threat to the aquatic environment and to its inhabitants when their concentrations exceed safe limits. Heavy metals cause toxicity in fish due to their non-biodegradable properties and their long persistence in the environment. This review investigated the effects of heavy metals on early development, growth and reproduction of fish. Fish embryos/larvae and each developmental stage of embryo respond differently to the intoxication and vary from species to species, types of metals and their mode of actions, concentration of heavy metals and their exposure time. Many of the heavy metals are considered as essential nutrient elements that positively improve the growth and feed utilization of fishes but upon crossing the maximum tolerable limit these metals cause not only a hazard to fish health but also to human consumers and the disruption of ecological systems. Reduced gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity, hatching rate, fertilization success, abnormal shape of reproductive organs, and finally failure of reproduction in fish have been attributed to heavy metal toxicity. In summary, this review sheds light on the manipulation of fish physiology by heavy metals and seeks to raise sensitivity to the prevention and control of aquatic environmental contamination, particularly from heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanam Taslima
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Al-Emran
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shadiqur Rahman
- Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science and Technology University, Melandah, Jamalpur, Bangladesh
| | - Jabed Hasan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Zannatul Ferdous
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Way C, Hudson MD, Williams ID, Langley GJ, Marsh R. Assessing the effectiveness of microplastic extraction methods on fishmeal with different properties. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:606-619. [PMID: 35060984 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02154k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic presence in fishmeal is an emerging research area because of its potential to enter food chains, and the importance of fishmeal within global food security. However, fishmeal is a complex medium dependant on fish composition. This study measured properties (organics, carbonates, protein and density) of five fishmeal types (trimmings, sardine and anchovy, krill, tuna and salmon), sourced from locations worldwide (Norway, South America, Antarctica, Spain and Scotland). Microplastic recovery rates were compared for existing methodologies using sodium chloride overflows and potassium hydroxide digestions and then compared to newly developed methods. These methods included dispersants and calcium chloride density separations which were developed and designed to be environmentally conscious and affordable, which we argue should become an international standard approach for researchers. A calcium chloride overflow with dispersant and potassium hydroxide digestion provided the highest recovery rate in sardine and anchovy fishmeal (66.3%). Positive correlations with recovery rate were found with protein content, and negative correlations with organic content. Low recovery rates found here suggest microplastics in fishmeal reported in the literature are underestimated. With complex media such as fishmeal, attention must be paid to variation between types and composition when choosing methods and interpreting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Way
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Malcolm D Hudson
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Ian D Williams
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - G John Langley
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Robert Marsh
- Faculty of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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13
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Way C, Hudson MD, Williams ID, Langley GJ. Evidence of underestimation in microplastic research: A meta-analysis of recovery rate studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150227. [PMID: 34537704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on microplastics in the environment is of high interest to many scientists and industries globally. Key to the success of this research is the accuracy, efficiency, reliability, robustness and repeatability of the method(s) used to isolate the microplastics from environmental media. However, with microplastics now being found in new complex media, many multifaceted methods have been developed to research the quantities of these pollutants. To validate new methods, recovery studies can be undertaken by spiking the test medium with known quantities of plastics. The method is typically run as normal, and the recovered plastics counted to give a recovery rate. A current issue in this field is that methods are rarely or poorly validated in this way. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on 71 recovery rate studies. We found sediment was the most studied medium and saline solutions were the most used reagents. Polyethylene and polystyrene were the most used spiking polymers, which is relevant to the most common polymers in the environment. We found that recovery rates were highest from plant material, whole organisms and excrement (>88%), and lowest from fishmeal, water and soil (58-71%). Moreover, all reagents but water were able to recover more than 80% of the spiked plastics. We believe we are the first (to our knowledge) to provide an overarching indication for the underestimation of microplastics in the environment of approximately 14% across the studies we reviewed, varying with the methods used. Furthermore, we recommend that the quality, use and reporting of recovery rate studies should be improved to aid the standardisation and replication of microplastic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Way
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Malcolm D Hudson
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Ian D Williams
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - G John Langley
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
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14
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Survival of Embryos and Fry of Sea Trout ( Salmo trutta m . trutta) Growing from Eggs Exposed to Different Concentrations of Selenium during Egg Swelling. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102921. [PMID: 34679941 PMCID: PMC8532871 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate selenium (Se) availability enhances the health and growth of organisms, but overdose of it can be harmful and pathogenic. The study's objective was to analyse the impact of short-term exposure of sea trout fertilised eggs to inorganic selenium (SeO2) at concentrations from 0 to 32 mg Se L-1 to find the optimal and toxic dose of Se on early fish development. Se accumulated in the body, embryos' survival rate, and growth in the first four months of life was examined. Swelling of fertilised eggs in water supplemented with Se at a concentration from 0.5 to 8 mg Se L-1 was associated with a slightly positive impact on the hatching rate. At higher Se concentration, a harmful effect on the survival of the embryo was observed. The survival of fry was similar in all groups, while the fry length and weight correlated positively with Se concentration in its body. Immersion of fertilised eggs in water enriched with Se during egg swelling can constitute a method to supplement the element to non-feeding stages of fish. In selenium-poor areas, this innovative method can be implemented in aquaculture to improve breeding outcomes. Se concentration should be adjusted to the chemical compound, fish species, and Se's content in the yolk.
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15
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Ding Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Chen H, Wu Y, Jin L. Toxic effects of ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots on the reproduction and genotoxiticy of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 247:109065. [PMID: 33915279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have excellent optical properties, but researchers have not clearly determined whether they cause harm to organisms. In the present study, the effect of ZnSe/ZnS QDs on the parents and offspring of rare minnow were evaluated for the first time. Exposure to ZnSe/ZnS QDs altered the testicular structure, caused sperm DNA damage and decreased sperm motility in males. They also suppressed the expression of reproduction-related genes, such as androgen receptor (Ar), DM-related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1), estrogen receptor (Er), and X-ray repair cross complementing gene 1 (Xrcc1). Continued monitoring of the F1 generation revealed that the embryonic development of the F1 generation was abnormal and the growth index of the F1 generation of adult fish showed hormesis. A comet assay showed that the F1 generation still had DNA damage in the 400 and 800 nmol/L groups at 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). Thus, ZnSe/ZnS QDs damaged the reproductive system of the rare minnow, and this effect continued to the F1 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yingyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China.
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16
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Puar P, Naderi M, Niyogi S, Kwong RWM. Using zebrafish as a model to assess the individual and combined effects of sub-lethal waterborne and dietary zinc exposure during development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117377. [PMID: 34062438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present research used zebrafish (5-28 days post-fertilization; dpf) as a model organism to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant sub-lethal concentrations of waterborne (261 μg/L) and dietary zinc (Zn) (1500 mg Zn/kg dw), either independently or simultaneously, during development. The results showed that whole body contents of Zn were increased in all Zn treatment groups, with the highest accumulation of Zn observed in larvae simultaneously exposed to elevated waterborne and dietary Zn. In addition, exposure to elevated levels of Zn, either through the water or the diet, led to a decrease in whole body calcium (Ca) contents at 28 dpf. The findings also suggested that exposure to elevated levels of Zn resulted in a significant reduction in whole body manganese (Mn) contents. More importantly, the magnitude of decrease in Mn contents by Zn exposure was markedly higher than that in Ca and appeared to mirror the increases in whole body Zn accumulation. These results indicate that Mn regulation is more sensitive than Ca to disruption by Zn exposure in developing fish. Further examination of the Zrt-Irt-Like Protein (ZIP) family of transporters using droplet digital PCR technologies revealed that several zip transporters exhibited temporal and exposure route-specific changes following Zn exposure. In particular, the level of zip4 was influenced by Zn exposure regardless of the exposure routes, while changes in zip7 and zip8 levels were predominantly driven by waterborne exposure. Overall, our findings demonstrated that zebrafish during the developmental periods are sensitive to elevated levels of Zn seen in the environment, particularly following co-exposures to waterborne and dietary Zn. Future toxicological assessment of elevated Zn exposure should consider both the exposure routes and the life stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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17
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Langa X, Neuhaus P, Lains D, Stewart TJ, Borel N, Certal AC, Monteiro JF, Aleström P, Diaz E, Piragyte I, Bräutigam L, Vázquez R, Hlushchuk R, Gfeller L, Mestrot A, Bigalke M, Varga ZM, Mercader N. A Systematic Analysis of Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in Eight Zebrafish Recirculating Water Systems. Zebrafish 2021; 18:252-264. [PMID: 34227897 PMCID: PMC8392081 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals and metalloids are integral to biological processes and play key roles in physiology and metabolism. Nonetheless, overexposure to some metals or lack of others can lead to serious health consequences. In this study, eight zebrafish facilities collaborated to generate a multielement analysis of their centralized recirculating water systems. We report a first set of average concentrations for 46 elements detected in zebrafish facilities. Our results help to establish an initial baseline for trouble-shooting purposes, and in general for safe ranges of metal concentrations in recirculating water systems, supporting reproducible scientific research outcomes with zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Langa
- Division Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Neuhaus
- Laboratory/Soil Science, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Lains
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Theodora J Stewart
- London Metallomics Facility, King's College London and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Borel
- European Zebrafish Resource Center, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ana C Certal
- Fish Platform, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana F Monteiro
- Fish Platform, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Aleström
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Eduardo Diaz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Indre Piragyte
- Division Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Comparative Medicine, Zebrafish Core Facility, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ruslan Hlushchuk
- Division microCT, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Gfeller
- Laboratory/Soil Science, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Mestrot
- Laboratory/Soil Science, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Bigalke
- Laboratory/Soil Science, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zoltan M Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Division Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Learning by Doing: The Use of Distance, Corners and Length in Rewarded Geometric Tasks by Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072001. [PMID: 34359129 PMCID: PMC8300093 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Geometric navigation allows animals to efficiently move towards essential life-spaces by taking advantage of macrostructural information such as distance, angular magnitude, and length, in relation to left-right positional sense. In natural contexts, these cues can be referred to extensive three-dimensional surfaces such as a slope or a riverbed, thus becoming crucial to orient and find useful supplies. In controlled contexts, it is possible to set apart these components by handling the global shape of the experimental space (rectangular or square) as well, with the aim to specially probe the impact of each of them on navigation behavior of animals, including fishes. The present study aimed at investigating whether a well-known vertebrate, the zebrafish, could learn to encode and retain in memory such metric information (in terms of distances, corners, and lengths) in association with left–right directions, to gain rewards. Our results showed that zebrafish learned to use all these geometric attributes when repeatedly exposed to them, over a period of training, thereby giving strength to the ecological relevance of environmental geometry as a source of spatial knowledge. Generally, the engagement of zebrafish may consent to assess computations underlying large-scale-based navigation, also by drawing targeted comparisons, due to its behavioral, cognitive, and even emotional similarities with mammals. Abstract Zebrafish spontaneously use distance and directional relationships among three-dimensional extended surfaces to reorient within a rectangular arena. However, they fail to take advantage of either an array of freestanding corners or an array of unequal-length surfaces to search for a no-longer-present goal under a spontaneous cued memory procedure, being unable to use the information supplied by corners and length without some kind of rewarded training. The present study aimed to tease apart the geometric components characterizing a rectangular enclosure under a procedure recruiting the reference memory, thus training zebrafish in fragmented layouts that provided differences in surface distance, corners, and length. Results showed that fish, besides the distance, easily learned to use both corners and length if subjected to a rewarded exit task over time, suggesting that they can represent all the geometrically informative parts of a rectangular arena when consistently exposed to them. Altogether, these findings highlight crucially important issues apropos the employment of different behavioral protocols (spontaneous choice versus training over time) to assess spatial abilities of zebrafish, further paving the way to deepen the role of visual and nonvisual encodings of isolated geometric components in relation to macrostructural boundaries.
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Jaziri AA, Shapawi R, Mokhtar RAM, Noordin WNM, Huda N. Chemical Composition of Lizardfish Surimi By-Product: Focus on Macro and Micro-Minerals Contents. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.9.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Surimi processing industries generated over 60% of fish by-products, including head, skin, viscera, trimming, bone, scale, and fin. Hence, an effort converting these by-products into valuable compounds and constituents is necessary for optimizing the resources. In order to implement this, the information on the chemical composition of the by-products is helpful. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, particularly minerals of lizardfish surimi by-products. The protein, fat, ash, moisture, and carbohydrate values of by-products differed significantly (p < 0.05). Protein content was highest in the skin and scale (29.63% and 29.62%, respectively), and ash content was predominantly found in the scale (28.43%), fin (26.01%), and bone (23.58). Calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium content were significantly varied respectively from 0.25% to 6.88%, 0.06% to 0.37%, 0.01% to 0.09%, and 0.01% to 0.32%. Calcium is highest in scale, whereas zinc, manganese, and iron were most abundance in all parts of the by-products sample. Zinc is mostly detected in the fin (76.75 µg/g), bone (48.67 µg/g) and scale (46.01 µg/g) parts. On the other hand, copper, chromium, selenium, cadmium and lead were detected at lower concentration (less than 2 µg/g), and complied with the safety levels set by the Malaysian Food and Regulations. These findings suggest that, by-products generated from lizardfish surimi processing may be used as ingredients to enrich nutritional value of other food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aziz Jaziri
- 1Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
| | - Rossita Shapawi
- 3Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Nurul Huda
- 1Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
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20
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The Influence of Polystyrene Microspheres Abundance on Development and Feeding Behavior of Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, it has been evaluated how 10 µm of polyethylene microspheres can be ingested by Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae within the first 7 days of the life cycle, and the impact on their health. Twelve A. salina larvae (instar I) groups were exposed to different microplastics (MPs) concentrations (0-1-10-102-103-104 MPs/mL), with and without Dunaliella salina as a food source. The results highlighted that A. salina larvae ingest MPs in relation to the exposure times in a dose-dependent manner and are significantly influenced by food availability. The highest contamination found was 306.2 MPs/individual at 104 MPs/mL exposure without a food source. No MPs were found in the presence of the food source from 1 to 102 MPs/mL, while contamination was detected at all concentrations of MPs without a food source. The worst effect on the developmental stages was evaluated at 168 h with a food source, with a delay compared to the control of I and II instars at 103 and 104 MPs/mL, respectively. Furthermore, microalgal feeding was significantly reduced for about 50% in the presence of 104 MPs/mL. These results highlight that aquatic microplastics pollution could affect the A. salina’s feeding behavior and life cycle.
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21
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Oocyte Ageing in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) and Its Consequence on the Viability and Ploidy Anomalies in the Progeny. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030912. [PMID: 33810200 PMCID: PMC8004945 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The maintenance and manipulation of AB strain zebrafish oocytes at 26 °C was found to be possible for 2 h without incurring a marked reduction in fertilization potential. However, the post-ovulatory ageing of oocytes for 6 h resulted in an almost complete loss of egg viability. All larvae derived from the 4- and 6-h aged oocytes were characterized by physical abnormalities. Ageing oocytes for 4 h resulted in the incidence of ploidy anomalies having a four-fold increase. These results make a valuable contribution with respect to the control of experimental reproduction in zebrafish, which is currently accepted as an excellent model animal. Abstract Fish egg quality can be markedly influenced by the oocyte age after ovulation. In this study, we examined the duration of oocyte ageing in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and whether prolonged ageing is associated with the incidence of ploidy anomalies in the resulting embryos. Oocytes were incubated in vitro for 6 h post-stripping (HPS) at 26 °C and fertilized at 2-h intervals. Meanwhile, for eggs fertilized immediately after stripping, the fertilization, embryo survival, and hatching rates started at ~80%; these rates decreased to 39%, 24%, and 16%, respectively, for oocytes that had been stored for 4 h (p ˂ 0.05), and there was an almost complete loss of egg viability at 6 HPS. Furthermore, almost 90% of the embryos derived from 6-h aged oocytes died prior to hatching, and all larvae originating from 4- and 6-h aged oocytes showed malformations. The proportion of ploidy abnormal embryos was significantly greater at 4 HPS (18.5%) than at either 0 or 2 HPS (4.7% and 8.8%, respectively). The results revealed that zebrafish oocytes retained their fertilization potential for up to 2 h after stripping at 26 °C and indicated the contribution of post-ovulatory oocyte ageing in the occurrence of ploidy anomalies in the resulting embryos.
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22
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Yang Y, Yu Y, Zhou R, Yang Y, Bu Y. The effect of combined exposure of zinc and nickel on the development of zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1765-1778. [PMID: 33645740 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of Zn2+ or Ni2+ can cause various problems to aquatic animals. In this study, the developmental toxicity induced by individual or combined exposure of Zn2+ and Ni2+ to zebrafish embryos and larvae were evaluated to better understand the interaction between Zn2+ and Ni2+ . Both of individual and combined exposure of Zn2+ and Ni2+ could cause obvious developmental toxicity, which mainly occurred after hatching, at a concentration-dependent manner. The calculated 168-h LC50 were 2.79 mg/L for Zn2+ and 7.44 mg/L for Ni2+ . The interaction of Zn2+ and Ni2+ based on mortality was found to be an antagonism. Various malformations, including tail curving, spinal curvature, pericardial edema, and yolk sac edema, were observed with significant effects on body length and heartbeat rates after exposure of Zn2+ and Ni2+ . Meanwhile, some genes related to cardiovascular development and bone formation were mainly down-regulated by the individual and combined exposure of Zn2+ and Ni2+ . The individual exposure was more toxic than combined exposure because the interaction of Zn2+ and Ni2+ was determined to be an antagonism. The down-regulation of genes related to cardiovascular development and bone formation may contribute to the observed malformation and decreases of body length and heartbeat rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmeng Yang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
- Guangdong University of Technology, Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangdong University of Technology, Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
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23
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Iaria C, Spanò N, Smeriglio A, Capparucci F, De Benedetto G, Lanteri G, Marino F, Macheda S, Macrì F, Belvedere A, D'Agostino M, Caridi F, Marguccio S, Salvo A, Acri G, Siclari A, Brundo MV, Trombetta D. Massive infection of Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum in brown trout Salmo trutta with skeletal deformities. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 143:159-168. [PMID: 33632994 DOI: 10.3354/dao03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the cause of skeletal deformities found in brown trout from the Aspromonte mountain area in Reggio Calabria, Italy. Toxicological, histopathological and parasitological analyses were carried out on 14 fish with evident macro-morphological alterations from 2 different locations in the same river, and 4 control fish without morphological alterations from a different river (far from the first river but still within the area under study). Histopathological and radiological observations confirmed severe skeletal deformities in the specimens investigated. Parasitological examinations highlighted the presence of the nematode Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, found only within the gastrointestinal tract of specimens showing deformities. Moreover, a direct correlation between parasite number and fish size was found. Given the low heavy metal levels and the presence of a massive parasitosis in teleosts showing deformities, we postulate a correlation between skeletal deformities and nematode infestation: the parasites caused a serious vitamin and mineral deficiency in the fish, which led to a dysplastic vertebral column. The low calcium levels found in malformed specimens compared with negative controls effectively confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Italy
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24
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Puar P, Niyogi S, Kwong RWM. Regulation of metal homeostasis and zinc transporters in early-life stage zebrafish following sublethal waterborne zinc exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105524. [PMID: 32610223 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, the effects of exposure to a sublethal concentration of zinc (Zn) on metal and ion homeostasis, and the regulation and the localization of various Zn transporters (i.e., the Zrt-Irt Like Protein (ZIP) family of Zn transporters), were investigated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during early development. Exposure to an elevated level of Zn [4 μM (high) vs. 0.25 μM (control)] from 0 day post-fertilization (dpf) resulted in a significant increase in the whole body content of Zn at 5 dpf. A transient decrease in the whole body calcium (Ca) level was observed in 3 dpf larvae exposed to high Zn. Similarly, whole body nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) contents were also reduced in 3 dpf larvae exposed to high Zn. Importantly, the magnitude of reduction in whole body Ni and Cu contents following Zn exposure was markedly higher than that in Ca content, suggesting that internal Ni and Cu balance were likely more sensitive to Zn exposure in developing zebrafish. Exposure to high Zn altered the mRNA expression levels of specific zip transporters, with an increase in zip1 (at 3 dpf) and zip8 (at 5 dpf), and a decrease in zip4 (at 5 dpf). The expression levels of most zip transporters tended to decrease from 3 dpf to 5 dpf with the exception of zip4 and zip8. Results from in situ hybridization revealed that several zip transporters exhibited distinct spatial distribution (e.g., zip8 in the intestinal tract, zip14 in the pronephric tubules). Overall, our findings suggested that exposure to sublethal concentrations of Zn disrupts the homeostasis of essential metals during early development and that different ZIP transporters may play unique roles in regulating Zn homeostasis in various organs in developing zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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25
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Eco-Friendly Cellulose Nanofiber Extraction from Sugarcane Bagasse and Film Fabrication. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12156015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective cellulose fibers by utilizing agricultural residues have been attracted by the scientific community in the past few years; however, a facile production route along with minimal processing steps and a significant reduction in harsh chemical use is still lacking. Here, we report a straightforward ultrasound-assisted method to extract cellulose nanofiber (CNF) from fibrous waste sugarcane bagasse. X-ray diffraction-based crystallinity calculation showed 25% increase in the crystallinity of the extracted CNF (61.1%) as compared to raw sugarcane bagasse (35.1%), which is coherent with Raman studies. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed thread-like CNF structures. Furthermore, we prepared thin films of the CNF using hot press and solution casting method and compared their mechanical properties. Our experiments demonstrated that hot press is a more effective way to produce high strength CNF films; Young’s modulus of the thin films prepared from the hot press was ten times higher than the solution casting method. Our results suggest that a combination of ultrasound-based extraction and hot press-based film preparation is an efficient route of producing high strength CNF films.
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26
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Hatching gland development and hatching in zebrafish embryos: A role for zinc and its transporters Zip10 and Znt1a. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:698-705. [PMID: 32517868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc transporters of the ZIP (Slc39, importers) and ZnT (Slc30, exporters) protein families have evolutionary conserved roles in biology. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of zinc, and zinc transporters Zip10 and Znt1a in zebrafish hatching gland development and larval hatching. In the study, knockdown of genes for Zip10 and Znt1a in zebrafish embryos was achieved using morpholino-modified oligonucleotides. A partial loss-of-function Znt1a mutant (Znt1asa17) allowed comparison with the Znt1a morphant. Free Zn2+ in embryos and apoptosis were investigated using fluorescent dyes whereas gene expression was investigated by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH). The results showed high levels of free Zn2+ in the hatching gland cells (HGC) along with abundant expression of zip10 and znt1a in normal embryo. Knockdown of zip10 reduced free Zn2+ in HGC, ceased their normal developmental apoptosis, and resulted in displacement and later disappearance of hatching glands and hatching enzymes he1a and catL1b, and inability to hatch. Conversely, knockdown of znt1a or the Znt1asa17 mutation accelerated hatching and coincided with high expression of hatching enzymes and free Zn2+ in the HGC. Thus, Zip10 and free Zn2+ in the HGC are required both for their development and function. This study also demonstrated the opposite functions of the two zinc transporters, ZIP10 and ZnT1 as well as shedding light on the role of Zn2+ in regulation of the human hatching enzyme homologue, ovastacin, which is activated by zinc and cleaves the zona pellucida protein, ZP2, to prevent polyspermy.
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27
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Pérez-López A, Núñez-Nogueira G, Álvarez-González CA, De la Rosa-García S, Uribe-López M, Quintana P, Peña-Marín ES. Effect of salinity on zinc toxicity (ZnCl 2 and ZnO nanomaterials) in the mosquitofish (Gambusia sexradiata). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22441-22450. [PMID: 32314288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zn is an essential trace metal in living beings. However, excessive concentrations can cause toxic effects even in the aquatic biota. Zn is widely used in different industrial sectors, which has increased its presence in aquatic environments. To assess the acute toxicity of Zn, bioassays were performed with the fish Gambusia sexradiata for a 96-h exposure using ZnCl2 (0 and 15 salinity) and ZnO nanomaterials (0 salinity). The mean lethal concentrations (LC50-96 h) for ZnCl2 were 25.36 (19.64-32.76) and 177.91 (129.39-244.63) mg Zn L-1 to 0 and 15 salinity, respectively. The increased concentration of ZnCl2 showed a dose-response relationship; similarly, the increase in salinity significantly reduces the toxicity of Zn. Characterisation of ZnO nanomaterials was carried out by FTIR, DRX, SEM, DLS and zeta potential. The FTIR spectra showed the characteristic band of Zn-O vibration at 364 cm-1, while DRX presents the hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size of 40 nm. SEM micrographs reveal rod-like shapes with lengths and diameters of 40-350 nm and 90 nm, respectively. Agglomerates of 423 nm in water suspension were obtained by DLS and zeta potential of + 14.4 mV. Under these conditions, no mortality was observed due to the rapid flocculation/precipitation of ZnO nanomaterials, which involved brief interaction periods of Zn in the water column with the fish. Gambusia sexradiata is affected by increased Zn concentrations in hard water conditions, and salinity changes modified Zn toxicity, placing it as a suitable model for toxicity tests for this type of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Pérez-López
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas S/N entronque a Bosques de Saloya, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Núñez-Nogueira
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas S/N entronque a Bosques de Saloya, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Alfonso Álvarez-González
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas S/N entronque a Bosques de Saloya, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Susana De la Rosa-García
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas S/N entronque a Bosques de Saloya, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Melina Uribe-López
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas S/N entronque a Bosques de Saloya, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Patricia Quintana
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nano y Biomateriales (LANNBIO)/Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-Mérida, Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo, Km. 6, postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Emyr Saúl Peña-Marín
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas S/N entronque a Bosques de Saloya, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
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28
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Progress in the Research of the Toxicity Effect Mechanisms of Heavy Metals on Freshwater Organisms and Their Water Quality Criteria in China. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/9010348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water quality criteria are the scientific basis for formulating water quality standards and environmental management practices. Due to the development of urbanization and industrialization, the problem of heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem. Heavy metals not only have major impacts on aquatic organisms, but also seriously threaten human health. However, the current environmental criteria refer to the maximum value limitations of environmental factors in environmental media where harmful or detrimental effects are not produced on specific protected objects. This study reviewed the sources, hazard levels, toxic effect mechanisms, and the current research status of China’s water quality criteria for heavy metal pollutants. In addition, the focus and direction of future research on the toxic effects of heavy metal on aquatic organisms and the necessary criteria changes were discussed. The present study would provide an important theoretical basis for the future research of water quality criteria and risk assessment of heavy metal pollutants.
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29
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Perez JL, Chu T. Effect of Zinc on Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385 and Its Toxin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020092. [PMID: 32019107 PMCID: PMC7076789 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are primarily caused by man-made eutrophication and increasing climate-change conditions. The presence of heavy metal runoff in affected water systems may result in CHABs alteration to their ecological interactions. Certain CHABs produce by-products, such as microcystin (MC) cyanotoxins, that have detrimentally affected humans through contact via recreation activities within implicated water bodies, directly drinking contaminated water, ingesting biomagnified cyanotoxins in seafood, and/or contact through miscellaneous water treatment. Metallothionein (MT) is a small, metal-sequestration cysteine rich protein often upregulated within the stress response mechanism. This study focused on zinc metal resistance and stress response in a toxigenic cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385, by monitoring cells with (0, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L) ZnCl2 treatment. Flow cytometry and phase contrast microscopy were used to evaluate physiological responses in cultures. Molecular assays and an immunosorbent assay were used to characterize the expression of MT and MC under zinc stress. The results showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.25 mg/L ZnCl2. Flow cytometry and phase contrast microscopy showed morphological changes occurred in cultures exposed to 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L ZnCl2. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of selected cDNA samples showed significant upregulation of Mmt through all time points, significant upregulation of mcyC at a later time point. ELISA MC-LR analysis showed extracellular MC-LR (µg/L) and intracellular MC-LR (µg/cell) quota measurements persisted through 15 days, although 0.25 mg/L ZnCl2 treatment produced half the normal cell biomass and 0.5 mg/L treatment largely inhibited growth. The 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L ZnCl2 treated cells demonstrated a ~40% and 33% increase of extracellular MC-LR(µg/L) equivalents, respectively, as early as Day 5 compared to control cells. The 0.5 mg/L ZnCl2 treated cells showed higher total MC-LR (µg/cell) quota yield by Day 8 than both 0 mg/L ZnCl2 control cells and 0.1 mg/L ZnCl2 treated cells, indicating release of MCs upon cell lysis. This study showed this Microcystis aeruginosa strain is able to survive in 0.25 mg/L ZnCl2 concentration. Certain morphological zinc stress responses and the upregulation of mt and mcy genes, as well as periodical increased extracellular MC-LR concentration with ZnCl2 treatment were observed.
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30
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Pecoraro R, Salvaggio A, Scalisi EM, Iaria C, Lanteri G, Copat C, Ferrante M, Fragalà G, Zimbone M, Impellizzeri G, Brundo MV. Evaluation of the effects of silver nanoparticles on Danio rerio cornea: Morphological and ultrastructural analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1297-1301. [PMID: 31044488 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although in recent years there has been intensification in the use of nanoparticles (NPs) for the production of many commercial products, few studies have been carried out to assess the risks associated with its use. Among the most used NPs, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a preponderant position as they have various applications. In this study, 40 adult zebrafish were exposed to increasing concentrations of AgNPs (8, 45, and 70 μg/L) for 30 days to evaluate the effects on eyes after chronic exposure to AgNPs with an average diameter of 50 nm. From the morphological and ultrastructural analysis performed, no alteration or lesions of the corneal epithelium were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Salvaggio
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily "A. Mirri", Catania, Italy
| | - Elena M Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Fragalà
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria V Brundo
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily "A. Mirri", Catania, Italy
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31
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Sarasamma S, Audira G, Juniardi S, Sampurna BP, Liang ST, Hao E, Lai YH, Hsiao CD. Zinc Chloride Exposure Inhibits Brain Acetylcholine Levels, Produces Neurotoxic Signatures, and Diminishes Memory and Motor Activities in Adult Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103195. [PMID: 30332818 PMCID: PMC6213992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the acute (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) and chronic (21 days) adverse effects induced by low doses (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/L) of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) exposure in adult zebrafish by using behavioral endpoints like three-dimensional (3D) locomotion, passive avoidance, aggression, circadian rhythm, and predator avoidance tests. Also, brain tissues were dissected and subjected to analysis of multiple parameters related to oxidative stress, antioxidant responses, superoxide dismutase (SOD), neurotoxicity, and neurotransmitters. The results showed that ZnCl2-exposed fishes displayed decreased locomotor behavior and impaired short-term memory, which caused an Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-like syndrome. In addition, low concentrations of ZnCl2 induced amyloid beta (amyloid β) and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) protein levels in brains. In addition, significant induction in oxidative stress indices (reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), reduction in antioxidant defense system (glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) and SOD) and changes in neurotransmitters were observed at low concentrations of ZnCl2. Neurotoxic effects of ZnCl2 were observed with significant inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) activity when the exposure dose was higher than 1 ppm. Furthermore, we found that zinc, metallothionein (MT), and cortisol levels in brain were elevated compared to the control group. A significantly negative correlation was observed between memory and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In summary, these findings revealed that exposure to ZnCl2 affected the behavior profile of zebrafish, and induced neurotoxicity which may be associated with damaged brain areas related to memory. Moreover, our ZnCl2-induced zebrafish model may have potential for AD-associated research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Sarasamma
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Gilbert Audira
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Stevhen Juniardi
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Bonifasius Putera Sampurna
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Tzu Liang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, No. 55 Hwa-Kang Rd, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
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32
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Salvaggio A, Antoci F, Messina A, Ferrante M, Copat C, Ruberto C, Scalisi EM, Pecoraro R, Brundo MV. Teratogenic effects of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid on chick embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus). Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:812-820. [PMID: 29932992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Thiacloprid is an insecticide belonging to the family of neonicotinoids, substances initially underestimated for their potential adverse effects, that they may manifest in the long term leading to an extensive use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect at increasing concentrations of thiacloprid on chick embryos development. The research was carried out on 75 fertile eggs of Gallus gallus domesticus. The eggs were opened after 10, 15 and 20 days of incubation and in treated embryos were observed developmental alterations, growth retardation, limbs defects and ectopia viscerale. The histological analysis showed hepatic steatosis and haemorrhages both in the liver and in the lungs. Moreover, the immunohistochemical analysis performed on the liver sections showed a strong positivity only for the erythrocytes to the anti-CYP1A antibody. Thiacloprid exposure increases the risks of teratogenic effects especially at the higher doses tested, therefore its use should be more controlled and limited. Since the literature on the topic is lacking, then the human health impacts resulting from neonicotinoids exposure is not yet fully understood, and, our data will be helpful to allow the assessment of an oral reference dose and health risk characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Ruberto
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Italy.
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33
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LeCorgne H, Tudosie AM, Lavik K, Su R, Becker KN, Moore S, Walia Y, Wisner A, Koehler D, Alberts AS, Williams FE, Eisenmann KM. Differential Toxicity of mDia Formin-Directed Functional Agonists and Antagonists in Developing Zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:340. [PMID: 29692731 PMCID: PMC5902741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Diaphanous-related (mDia) formins are cytoskeletal regulators that assemble and, in some cases, bundle filamentous actin (F-actin), as well as stabilize microtubules. The development of small molecule antagonists and agonists that interrogate mDia formin function has allowed us to investigate the roles of formins in disease states. A small molecule inhibitor of FH2 domain (SMIFH2) inhibits mDia-dependent actin dynamics and abrogates tumor cell migration and cell division in vitro and ex vivo tissue explants. mDia formin activation with small molecule intramimics IMM01/02 and mDia2-DAD peptides inhibited glioblastoma motility and invasion in vitro and ex vivo rat brain slices. However, SMIFH2, IMMs, and mDia2 DAD efficacy in vivo remains largely unexplored and potential toxicity across a range of developmental phenotypes has not been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we performed an in vivo screen of early life-stage toxicity in Danio rerio zebrafish embryos 2 days post-fertilization (dpf) in response to SMIFH2, IMM01/02, and mDia2 DAD. SMIFH2 at concentrations ≥5–10 μM induced significant defects in developing zebrafish, including shorter body lengths, tail curvature and defective tail cellularity, craniofacial malformations, pericardial edema, absent and/or compromised vasculature function and flow, depressed heart rates and increased mortality. Conversely, IMM and mDia2 DAD peptides were minimally toxic at concentrations up to 10–20 and 50 μM, respectively. SMIFH2's therapeutic potential may therefore be limited by its substantial in vivo toxicity at functional concentrations. mDia formin agonism with IMMs and mDia2 DADs may therefore be a more effective and less toxic anti-invasive therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter LeCorgne
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Andrew M Tudosie
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Kari Lavik
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Robin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Kathryn N Becker
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Sara Moore
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yashna Walia
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Alexander Wisner
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Koehler
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Arthur S Alberts
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Signal Integration, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Frederick E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Kathryn M Eisenmann
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
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Pecoraro R, D'Angelo D, Filice S, Scalese S, Capparucci F, Marino F, Iaria C, Guerriero G, Tibullo D, Scalisi EM, Salvaggio A, Nicotera I, Brundo MV. Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide and Titania Loaded Nafion Membranes in Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1039. [PMID: 29354061 PMCID: PMC5758540 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials in several application fields has received in the last decades a great attention due to their peculiar properties, but also raised many doubts about possible toxicity when these materials are used for some specific applications, such as water purification. Indeed a careful investigation is needed in order to exclude possible harmful side effects related to the use of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles effects on the marine organisms may depend on their chemical composition, size, surface structure, solubility, shape and how the individual nanoparticles aggregate together. In order to make the most of their potential, without polluting the environment, many researchers are trying to trap them into some kind of matrix that keeps them active but avoids their dispersion in the environment. In this study we have tested nanocomposite membranes prepared using Nafion polymer combined with various fillers, such as anatase-type TiO2 nanoparticles and graphene oxide. The non-toxicity of these nanocomposites, already shown to be effective for water purification applications in our previous studies, was recognized by testing the effect of the different materials on zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish was considered an excellent model for ecotoxicological studies and for this motivation zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of free nanoparticles and to the nanocomposite membranes. As biomarkers of exposure, we evaluated the expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases by immunohistochemistry and gene expression. Embryo toxicity test showed that nor sublethal effects neither mortality were caused by the different nanoparticles and nano-systems tested. Only zebrafish larvae exposed to free nanoparticles have shown a different response to antibodies anti-heme-oxygenase 1 and anti- inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases. The immunolocalization analysis in fact has highlighted an increase in the synthesis of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena M. Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Nicotera
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria V. Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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35
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Pecoraro R, Marino F, Salvaggio A, Capparucci F, Di Caro G, Iaria C, Salvo A, Rotondo A, Tibullo D, Guerriero G, Scalisi EM, Zimbone M, Impellizzeri G, Brundo MV. Evaluation of Chronic Nanosilver Toxicity to Adult Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1011. [PMID: 29311953 PMCID: PMC5735120 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly growing with nanoparticles produced and utilized in a wide range of commercial products worldwide. Among the different types of nanomaterials produced, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) occupy a predominant position and they are used in electronics, clothing, food industry, cosmetics and medical devices. Nanosilver has also showed excellent performance in antibacterial application. Nowadays, the increasing use of AgNPs has put the evidence on their possible toxicity to the human health and the impact on the environment. This paper focus on adverse effects of AgNPs in adult of Danio rerio. Fishes exposed to increasing concentrations (8, 45, and 70 μg/l) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 25 nm in average diameter) and after treatment for 30 days, was quickly euthanized in MS-222. We have evaluated bioaccumulation of AgNPs using ICP-MS and analyzed histological changes, biomarkers of oxidative damage and gene expression in the gut, liver and gills tissues of AgNPs-treated zebrafish. The histological analysis showed lesions of secondary lamellae of the gills with different degrees of toxicity such as hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, subepithelial edema, and even in some cases telangiectasia. Huge necrosis of the intestinal villi was found in the gut. No lesion was detected in the liver. The analysis revealed a high expression of metallothioneins 1 (MTs 1) in animals exposed to AgNPs compared to the control group. The ICP-MS analysis shows that the amount of particles absorbed in all treated samples is almost the same. We can affirm that AgNPs toxicity linked more to their size and state of aggregation than to their concentrations. Silver nanoparticles can damage gills and gut because they are able to pass through the mucosal barrier thanks to their small size. The damage is still reversible because it is not documented injury to the basal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Caro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena M. Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria V. Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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36
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Valcarce DG, Vuelta E, Robles V, Herráez MP. Paternal exposure to environmental 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol concentrations modifies testicular transcription, affecting the sperm transcript content and the offspring performance in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:18-29. [PMID: 29028550 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic estrogen 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a major constituent in contraceptive pills, is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) present in the aquatic environment at concentrations of ng/L. Developmental exposure to these low concentrations in fish can induce several disorders. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a perfect organism for monitoring the effects of environmental contaminants. Our hypothesis is that changes promoted by EE2 in the germ line of male adults could be transmitted to the unexposed progeny. We exposed male zebrafish to 2.5, 5 and 10ng/L of EE2 during spermatogenesis and mated them with untreated females. Detailed progeny development was studied concentrating to survival, hatching and malformations. Due to the high incidence of lymphedemas within larvae, we performed qPCR analysis of genes involved in lymphatic development (vegfc and vegfr3) and endothelial cell migration guidance (cxcr4a and cxcl12b). Estrogen receptor (ER) transcript presence was also evaluated in sperm, testis and embryos. Progenies showed a range of disorders although at a low incidence: skeletal distortions, uninflated swimbladder, lymphedema formation, cartilage deformities and otolith tethering. Swimming evaluation revealed less active locomotion. All these processes are related to pathways involving ERs (esr1, esr2a and esr2b). mRNA analysis revealed that environmental EE2 causes the up-regulation of esr1 an esr2b in testis and the increase of esr2b transcripts in sperm pointing to a link between lymphedema in embryos and ER expression impairment. We demonstrate that the effects induced by environmental toxicants can be paternally inherited and point to the changes on the sperm transcriptome as the responsible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Valcarce
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain; INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Elena Vuelta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain; INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Vanesa Robles
- INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain; IEO, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Planta de Cultivos el Bocal, Barrio Corbanera s/n, Monte, Santander, 39012, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain; INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.
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37
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Yao Y, Sun S, Fei F, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang R, Wu J, Liu L, Liu X, Cui Z, Li Q, Yu M, Dang Y, Wang X. Screening in larval zebrafish reveals tissue-specific distribution of fifteen fluorescent compounds. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1155-1164. [PMID: 28754836 PMCID: PMC5611963 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is a prominent vertebrate model for low-cost in vivo whole organism screening. In our recent screening of the distribution patterns of fluorescent compounds in live zebrafish larvae, fifteen compounds with tissue-specific distributions were identified. Several compounds were observed to accumulate in tissues where they were reported to induce side-effects, and compounds with similar structures tended to be enriched in the same tissues, with minor differences. In particular, we found three novel red fluorescent bone-staining dyes: purpurin, lucidin and 3-hydroxy-morindone; purpurin can effectively label bones in both larval and adult zebrafish, as well as in postnatal mice, without significantly affecting bone mass and density. Moreover, two structurally similar chemotherapeutic compounds, doxorubicin and epirubicin, were observed to have distinct distribution preferences in zebrafish. Epirubicin maintained a relatively higher concentration in the liver, and performed better in inhibiting hepatic hyperplasia caused by the over-expression of krasG12V In total, our study suggests that the transparent zebrafish larvae serve as valuable tools for identifying tissue-specific distributions of fluorescent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Fei
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Institute of Reproduction and Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Deparment of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Institute of Reproduction and Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiuyun Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zhaomeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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38
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Salvaggio A, Pecoraro R, Scalisi EM, Tibullo D, Lombardo BM, Messina G, Loreto F, Copat C, Ferrante M, Avola R, D'amante G, Genovese C, Raccuia SA, Brundo MV. Morphostructural and immunohistochemical study on the role of metallothionein in the detoxification of heavy metals in Apis mellifera L., 1758. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:1215-1220. [PMID: 28833895 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Honey is a valuable food produced by bees from sugary substances that they gather in nature. The transformation the nectar into honey, by bees, is long and complex. Except for honey, where heavy metals are absent or are found only in traces, the bees and their products have always been considered excellent biomarkers of such contaminants. We have assumed that the absence of heavy metals in honey is due to the presence of a detoxification system in the digestive system of bees, which involves metallothioneins, proteins that have a role in the homeostatic control of essential and non-essential metals. We have placed the beehives in three different zones: industrial, urban and rural. Investigations were carried out with ICP-MS method for the detection of heavy metals in the guts of honey bees and honey. The metallothioneins have been identified by Immunohistochemical and Western-blotting analisys. The investigations have shown the presence of heavy metals only in bees guts but not in honey, while the presence of metallothionein has been highlighted only in epithelium of the honey sac, demonstrating the existence of an efficient system of detoxification of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Salvaggio
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily "A. Mirri", Via Passo Gravina 195, Catania, I-95123, Italy
| | - Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, Catania, I-95124, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, Catania, I-95124, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, I-95123, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Lombardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, Catania, I-95124, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, Catania, I-95124, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, Catania, I-95124, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87, Catania, I-95123, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87, Catania, I-95123, Italy
| | - Roberto Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, I-95123, Italy
| | - Giusi D'amante
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, Catania, I-95124, Italy.,National Research Council Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Empedocle, 58, Catania, I-95125, Italy
| | - Claudia Genovese
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, Catania, I-95124, Italy.,National Research Council Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Empedocle, 58, Catania, I-95125, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antonino Raccuia
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, Catania, I-95124, Italy.,National Research Council Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Empedocle, 58, Catania, I-95125, Italy
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, Catania, I-95124, Italy
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39
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Negishi J, Omori Y, Shindo M, Takanashi H, Musha S, Nagayama S, Hirayama J, Nishina H, Nakakura T, Mogi C, Sato K, Okajima F, Mochimaru Y, Tomura H. Manganese and cobalt activate zebrafish ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 but not GPR4. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:401-408. [PMID: 28270026 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1298130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian ovarian G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) is activated by some metals in addition to extracellular protons and coupling to multiple intracellular signaling pathways. In the present study, we examined whether zebrafish OGR1, zebrafish GPR4, and human GPR4 (zOGR1, zGPR4, and hGPR4, respectively) could sense the metals and activate the intracellular signaling pathways. On one hand, we found that only manganese and cobalt of the tested metals stimulated SRE-promoter activities in zOGR1-overexpressed HEK293T cells. On the other hand, none of the metals tested stimulated the promoter activities in zGPR4- and hGPR4-overexpressed cells. The OGR1 mutant (H4F), which is lost to activation by extracellular protons, did not stimulate metal-induced SRE-promoter activities. These results suggest that zOGR1, but not GPR4, is also a metal-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor in addition to a proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor, although not all metals that activate hOGR1 activated zOGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Negishi
- a Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Yuka Omori
- a Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Mami Shindo
- a Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Hayate Takanashi
- a Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Shiori Musha
- a Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Suminori Nagayama
- a Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- b Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology , Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- b Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology , Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Nakakura
- c Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine , Teikyo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Chihiro Mogi
- d Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi , Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- d Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi , Japan
| | - Fumikazu Okajima
- e Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Aomori University , Aomori , Japan
| | - Yuta Mochimaru
- a Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Hideaki Tomura
- a Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan.,f Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
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40
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Pecoraro R, Marino F, Salvaggio A, Capparucci F, Di Caro G, Iaria C, Salvo A, Rotondo A, Tibullo D, Guerriero G, Scalisi EM, Zimbone M, Impellizzeri G, Brundo MV. Evaluation of Chronic Nanosilver Toxicity to Adult Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2017. [PMID: 29311953 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2017.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly growing with nanoparticles produced and utilized in a wide range of commercial products worldwide. Among the different types of nanomaterials produced, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) occupy a predominant position and they are used in electronics, clothing, food industry, cosmetics and medical devices. Nanosilver has also showed excellent performance in antibacterial application. Nowadays, the increasing use of AgNPs has put the evidence on their possible toxicity to the human health and the impact on the environment. This paper focus on adverse effects of AgNPs in adult of Danio rerio. Fishes exposed to increasing concentrations (8, 45, and 70 μg/l) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 25 nm in average diameter) and after treatment for 30 days, was quickly euthanized in MS-222. We have evaluated bioaccumulation of AgNPs using ICP-MS and analyzed histological changes, biomarkers of oxidative damage and gene expression in the gut, liver and gills tissues of AgNPs-treated zebrafish. The histological analysis showed lesions of secondary lamellae of the gills with different degrees of toxicity such as hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, subepithelial edema, and even in some cases telangiectasia. Huge necrosis of the intestinal villi was found in the gut. No lesion was detected in the liver. The analysis revealed a high expression of metallothioneins 1 (MTs 1) in animals exposed to AgNPs compared to the control group. The ICP-MS analysis shows that the amount of particles absorbed in all treated samples is almost the same. We can affirm that AgNPs toxicity linked more to their size and state of aggregation than to their concentrations. Silver nanoparticles can damage gills and gut because they are able to pass through the mucosal barrier thanks to their small size. The damage is still reversible because it is not documented injury to the basal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Caro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena M Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria V Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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