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Shoenhard H, Jain RA, Granato M. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates zebrafish sensorimotor decision making via a genetically defined cluster of hindbrain neurons. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111790. [PMID: 36476852 PMCID: PMC9813870 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision making is a fundamental nervous system function that ranges widely in complexity and speed of execution. We previously established larval zebrafish as a model for sensorimotor decision making and identified the G-protein-coupled calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to be critical for this process. Here, we report that CaSR functions in neurons to dynamically regulate the bias between two behavioral outcomes: escapes and reorientations. By employing a computational guided transgenic strategy, we identify a genetically defined neuronal cluster in the hindbrain as a key candidate site for CaSR function. Finally, we demonstrate that transgenic CaSR expression targeting this cluster consisting of a few hundred neurons shifts behavioral bias in wild-type animals and restores decision making deficits in CaSR mutants. Combined, our data provide a rare example of a G-protein-coupled receptor that biases vertebrate sensorimotor decision making via a defined neuronal cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Shoenhard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roshan A. Jain
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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2
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Transcription factor c-Myb: novel prognostic factor in osteosarcoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:375-390. [PMID: 34994868 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Myb is an oncoprotein promoting cell proliferation and survival when aberrantly activated/expressed, thus contributing to malignant transformation. Overexpression of c-Myb has been found in leukemias, breast, colon and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Recent studies revealed its expression also in osteosarcoma cell lines and suggested its functional importance during bone development. However, the relevance of c-Myb in control of osteosarcoma progression remains unknown. A retrospective clinical study was carried out to assess a relationship between c-Myb expression in archival osteosarcoma tissues and prognosis in a cohort of high-grade osteosarcoma patients. In addition, MYB was depleted in metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines SAOS-2 LM5 and 143B and their growth, chemosensitivity, migration and metastatic activity were determined. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that high c-Myb expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival in the cohort and metastatic progression in young patients. Increased level of c-Myb was detected in metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines and its depletion suppressed their growth, colony-forming capacity, migration and chemoresistance in vitro in a cell line-dependent manner. MYB knock-out resulted in reduced metastatic activity of both SAOS-2 LM5 and 143B cell lines in immunodeficient mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the c-Myb-driven functional programs enriched for genes involved in the regulation of cell growth, stress response, cell adhesion and cell differentiation/morphogenesis. Wnt signaling pathway was identified as c-Myb target in osteosarcoma cells. Taken together, we identified c-Myb as a negative prognostic factor in osteosarcoma and showed its involvement in the regulation of osteosarcoma cell growth, chemosensitivity, migration and metastatic activity.
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Romagnoli C, Sharma P, Zonefrati R, Palmini G, Lucattelli E, Ward DT, Ellinger I, Innocenti M, Brandi ML. Study of the Expression and Function of Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Human Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147282. [PMID: 34298895 PMCID: PMC8304165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has an outstanding capacity for regeneration in response to injuries, but there are disorders in which this process is seriously impaired, such as sarcopenia. Pharmacological treatments to restore muscle trophism are not available, therefore, the identification of suitable therapeutic targets that could be useful for the treatment of skeletal reduced myogenesis is highly desirable. In this in vitro study, we explored the expression and function of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in human skeletal muscle tissues and their derived satellite cells. The results obtained from analyses with various techniques of gene and protein CaSR expression and of its secondary messengers in response to calcium (Ca2+) and CaSR drugs have demonstrated that this receptor is not present in human skeletal muscle tissues, neither in the established satellite cells, nor during in vitro myogenic differentiation. Taken together, our data suggest that, although CaSR is a very important drug target in physiology and pathology, this receptor probably does not have any physiological role in skeletal muscle in normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (P.S.); (R.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (P.S.); (R.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (P.S.); (R.Z.); (G.P.)
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulla Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Palmini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (P.S.); (R.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Elena Lucattelli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Donald T. Ward
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marco Innocenti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (P.S.); (R.Z.); (G.P.)
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulla Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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4
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Iamartino L, Elajnaf T, Gall K, David J, Manhardt T, Heffeter P, Grusch M, Derdak S, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Schepelmann M, Kallay E. Effects of pharmacological calcimimetics on colorectal cancer cells over-expressing the human calcium-sensing receptor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118836. [PMID: 32861746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional G protein-coupled receptor. Several studies reported that the CaSR plays an anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic role in the intestine, and that it is down-regulated during colorectal carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that positive allosteric CaSR modulators (type II calcimimetics) selectively targeting the intestinal cells could be used for the treatment of intestinal pathologies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of pharmacological stimulation of CaSR on gene expression in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo. We stably transduced two colon cancer cell lines (HT29 and Caco2) with lentiviral vectors containing either the CaSR fused to GFP or GFP only. Using RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR experiments and ELISA, we determined that CaSR over-expression itself had generally little effect on gene expression in these cells. However, treatment with 1 μM of the calcimimetic NPS R-568 increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-23α and IL-8 and reduced the transcription of various differentiation markers in the cells over-expressing the CaSR. In vivo, neither the presence of the CaSR nor p.o. treatment of the animals with the calcimimetic cinacalcet affected tumor growth, tumor cell proliferation or tumor vascularization of murine HT29 xenografts. In summary, CaSR stimulation in CaSR over-expressing cells enhanced the expression of inflammatory markers in vitro, but was not able to repress colorectal cancer tumorigenicity in vivo. These findings suggest potential pro-inflammatory effects of the CaSR and type II calcimimetics in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gall
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacquelina David
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Derdak
- Medical University of Vienna, Core Facilities, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Mao FX, Luo CH, Chen HJ, Zhang YX, Zhang Q. CaSR is required for ischemia-induced proliferation and differentiation of white matter progenitor cells from neonatal rats. Brain Res Bull 2019; 154:116-126. [PMID: 31738973 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) could induce immture white matter progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation into oligodendrocyte(OL) precursor cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. Progenitor cells of immature white matter originating from five-day-old newborn rats were divided into control, OGD, control + CaSR silencing, OGD + CaSR silencing, control + adenosine triphosphate magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl2) and OGD + ATP-MgCl2 groups. Immunofluorescence, real-time RT-PCR, gene silencing, Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (PI) and Flow cytometry tests were used to examine the proliferation, differentiation and survival of the white matter progenitor cells in the different treatment groups. The results showed that normal immature white matter progenitor cells have certain ability of self-proliferation and differentiation in vitro. OGD could further induce progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation into O4 + OL precursor cells by activating CaSR, but OGD also induced more necrosis and apoptosis of newborn cells and less MBP + OL formation. The addition of ATP-MgCl2 as an activating agent of CaSR further promoted cell proliferation and differentiation both under normal and OGD conditions and reduced OGD-induced apoptosis and necrosis, while CaSR silenced resulted in minimal cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. This study suggests that CaSR plays an important role in the induction of immature white matter progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation into OL precursor cells after OGD, which may provide a new angle to further study whether CaSR initiates the intrinsic repair potential of immature white matter after ischemia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xia Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road No.1, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Cheng-Han Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road No.1, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hui-Jin Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi-Xia Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road No.1, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road No.1, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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6
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Capiod T, Barry Delongchamps N, Pigat N, Souberbielle JC, Goffin V. Do dietary calcium and vitamin D matter in men with prostate cancer? Nat Rev Urol 2019; 15:453-461. [PMID: 29765146 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Active surveillance (AS) is an attractive alternative to immediate treatment for men with low-risk prostate cancer. Thus, the identification of environmental factors that promote the progression of indolent disease towards aggressive stages is critical to optimize clinical management. Epidemiological studies suggest that calcium-rich diets contribute to an increased risk of developing prostate cancer and that vitamin D reduces this risk. However, the potential effect of these nutrients on the progression of early-stage prostate tumours is uncertain, as studies in this setting are scarce and have not provided unambiguous conclusions. By contrast, the results of a preclinical study from our own group demonstrate that a diet high in calcium dose-dependently accelerated the progression of early-stage prostate tumours and that dietary vitamin D prevented this effect. The extent to which the conclusions of preclinical and epidemiological studies support a role for calcium and vitamin D and the relevance of monitoring and adjustment of calcium and/or vitamin D intake in patients on AS require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Capiod
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Barry Delongchamps
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Souberbielle
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Physiology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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7
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The Nervous System Relevance of the Calcium Sensing Receptor in Health and Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142546. [PMID: 31336912 PMCID: PMC6680999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) was first identified in parathyroid glands, and its primary role in controlling systemic calcium homeostasis by the regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion has been extensively described in literature. Additionally, the receptor has also been investigated in cells and tissues not directly involved in calcium homeostasis, e.g., the nervous system (NS), where it plays crucial roles in early neural development for the differentiation of neurons and glial cells, as well as in the adult nervous system for synaptic transmission and plasticity. Advances in the knowledge of the CaSR's function in such physiological processes have encouraged researchers to further broaden the receptor's investigation in the neuro-pathological conditions of the NS. Interestingly, pre-clinical data suggest that receptor inhibition by calcilytics might be effective in counteracting the pathomechanism underlying Alzheimer's disease and ischemia, while a CaSR positive modulation with calcimimetics has been proposed as a potential approach for treating neuroblastoma. Importantly, such promising findings led to the repurposing of CaSR modulators as novel pharmacological alternatives for these disorders. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to critically appraise evidence which, so far, has been yielded from the investigation of the role of the CaSR in physiology of the nervous system and to focus on the most recent emerging concepts which have reported the receptor as a therapeutic target for neurodegeneration and neuroblastic tumors.
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8
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Iamartino L, Elajnaf T, Kallay E, Schepelmann M. Calcium-sensing receptor in colorectal inflammation and cancer: Current insights and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4119-4131. [PMID: 30271078 PMCID: PMC6158479 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is best known for its action in the parathyroid gland and kidneys where it controls body calcium homeostasis. However, the CaSR has different roles in the gastrointestinal tract, where it is ubiquitously expressed. In the colon, the CaSR is involved in controlling multiple mechanisms, including fluid transport, inflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation. Although the expression pattern and functions of the CaSR in the colonic microenvironment are far from being completely understood, evidence has been accumulating that the CaSR might play a protective role against both colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer. For example, CaSR agonists such as dipeptides have been suggested to reduce colonic inflammation, while dietary calcium was shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. CaSR expression is lost in colonic malignancies, indicating that the CaSR is a biomarker for colonic cancer progression. This dual anti-inflammatory and anti-tumourigenic role of the CaSR makes it especially interesting in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. In this review, we describe the clinical and experimental evidence for the role of the CaSR in colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer, the intracellular signalling pathways which are putatively involved in these actions, and the possibilities to exploit these actions of the CaSR for future therapies of colonic inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Espinoza-Castañeda M, Chamorro-García A, Rodríguez-Hernández CJ, de Torres C, Merkoçi A. In situ monitoring of PTHLH secretion in neuroblastoma cells cultured onto nanoporous membranes. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 107:62-68. [PMID: 29438908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose for the first time the use of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanoporous membranes for in situ monitoring of parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) secretion in cultured human cells. The biosensing system is based on the nanochannels blockage upon immunocomplex formation, which is electrically monitored through the voltammetric oxidation of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs). Models evaluated include a neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-AS) and immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) as a control of high PTHLH production. The effect of total number of seeded cells and incubation time on the secreted PTHLH levels is assessed, finding that secreted PTHLH levels range from approximately 60 to 400 ng/mL. Moreover, our methodology is also applied to analyse PTHLH production following PTHLH gene knockdown upon transient cell transfection with a specific silencing RNA (siRNA). Given that inhibition of PTHLH secretion reduces cell proliferation, survival and invasiveness in a number of tumors, our system provides a powerful tool for the preclinical evaluation of therapies that regulate PTHLH production. This nanoporous membrane - based sensing technology might be useful to monitor the active secretion of other proteins as well, thus contributing to characterize their regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Espinoza-Castañeda
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Chamorro-García
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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Masvidal L, Iniesta R, García M, Casalà C, Lavarino C, Mora J, de Torres C. Genetic variants in the promoter region of the calcium-sensing receptor gene are associated with its down-regulation in neuroblastic tumors. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1281-1289. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Masvidal
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory; Institut de Recerca; -Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Raquel Iniesta
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics; King's College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Marta García
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory; Institut de Recerca; -Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carla Casalà
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory; Institut de Recerca; -Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory; Institut de Recerca; -Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Oncology; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory; Institut de Recerca; -Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Oncology; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory; Institut de Recerca; -Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Oncology; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Esplugues de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
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11
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Ellinger I. The Calcium-Sensing Receptor and the Reproductive System. Front Physiol 2016; 7:371. [PMID: 27625611 PMCID: PMC5003915 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Active placental transport of maternal serum calcium (Ca2+) to the offspring is pivotal for proper development of the fetal skeleton as well as various organ systems. Moreover, extracellular Ca2+ levels impact on distinct processes in mammalian reproduction. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) translates changes in extracellular Ca2+-concentrations into cellular reactions. This review summarizes current knowledge on the expression of CaSR and its putative functions in reproductive organs. CaSR was detected in placental cells mediating materno-fetal Ca2+-transport such as the murine intraplacental yolk sac (IPYS) and the human syncytiotrophoblast. As shown in casr knock-out mice, ablation of CaSR downregulates transplacental Ca2+-transport. Receptor expression was reported in human and rat ovarian surface epithelial (ROSE) cells, where CaSR activation stimulates cell proliferation. In follicles of various species a role of CaSR activation in oocyte maturation was suggested. Based on studies in avian follicles, the activation of CaSR expressed in granulosa cells may support the survival of follicles after their selection. CaSR in rat and equine sperms was functionally linked to sperm motility and sperm capacitation. Implantation involves complex interactions between the blastocyst and the uterine epithelium. During early pregnancy, CaSR expression at the implantation site as well as in decidual cells indicates that CaSR is important for blastocyst implantation and decidualization in the rat uterus. Localization of CaSR in human extravillous cytotrophoblasts suggests a role of CaSR in placentation. Overall, evidence for functional involvement of CaSR in physiologic mammalian reproductive processes exists. Moreover, several studies reported altered expression of CaSR in cells of reproductive tissues under pathologic conditions. However, in many tissues we still lack knowledge on physiological ligands activating CaSR, CaSR-linked G-proteins, activated intracellular signaling pathway, and functional relevance of CaSR activation. Clearly, more work is required in the future to decode the complex physiologic and pathophysiologic relationship of CaSR and the mammalian reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Ellinger
- Pathophysiology of the Placenta, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna Vienna, Austria
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