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Pan LY, Zhou J, Sun Y, Qiao BX, Wan T, Guo RQ, Zhang J, Shan DQ, Cai YL. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses of cherry leaves spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1129515. [PMID: 36844070 PMCID: PMC9947566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1129515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen with a broad host range that causes widespread and devastating disease in sweet cherry (Prunus avium). We selected a resistant cultivar (RC) and a susceptible cultivar (SC) of cherry and used a combined physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the plant's resistance to A. alternata, of which little is known. We found that A. alternata infection stimulated the outbreak of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cherry. The responses of the antioxidant enzymes and chitinase to disease were observed earlier in the RC than in the SC. Moreover, cell wall defense ability was stronger in the RC. Differential genes and metabolites involved in defense responses and secondary metabolism were primarily enriched in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, and α-linolenic acid. Reprogramming the phenylpropanoid pathway and the α-linolenic acid metabolic pathway led to lignin accumulation and early induction of jasmonic acid signaling, respectively, in the RC, which consequently enhanced antifungal and ROS scavenging activity. The RC contained a high level of coumarin, and in vitro tests showed that coumarin significantly inhibited A. alternata growth and development and had antifungal effect on cherry leaves. In addition, differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors from the MYB, NAC, WRKY, ERF, and bHLH families were highly expressed, they could be the key responsive factor in the response of cherry to infection by A. alternata. Overall, this study provides molecular clues and a multifaceted understanding of the specific response of cherry to A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yi Pan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bai-Xue Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Wan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-Quan Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dong-Qian Shan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Liang Cai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Li X, Hu Y, Su M, Zhang M, Du J, Zhou H, Zhang X, Ye Z. Genome-wide analysis of terpene synthase gene family to explore candidate genes related to disease resistance in Prunus persica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032838. [PMID: 36388503 PMCID: PMC9660250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plants, a family of terpene synthases (TPSs) is responsible for the biosynthesis of terpenes and contributes to species-specific diversity of volatile organic compounds, which play essential roles in fitness of plants. However, little is known about the TPS gene family in peach and/or nectarine (Prunus persica L.). In this study, we identified 40 PpTPS genes in peach genome v2.0. Although these PpTPSs could be clustered into five classes, they distribute in several gene clusters of three chromosomes, share conserved exon-intron organizations, and code similar protein motifs. Thirty-five PpTPSs, especially PpTPS2, PpTPS23, PpTPS17, PpTPS18, and PpTPS19, altered their transcript levels after inoculation with Botryosphaeria dothidea, a cause of peach gummosis, compared to the mock treatments, which might further affect the contents of 133 terpenoids at 48 hours and/or 84 hours post inoculations in the current-year shoots of 'Huyou018', a highly susceptible nectarine cultivar. Moreover, about fifteen PpTPSs, such as PpTPS1, PpTPS2, PpTPS3, and PpTPS5, showed distinct expression patterns during fruit development and ripening in two peach cultivars, yellow-fleshed 'Jinchun' and white-fleshed 'Hikawa Hakuho'. Among them, the transcription level of chloroplast-localized PpTPS3 was obviously related to the content of linalool in fruit pulps. In addition, elevated concentrations (0.1 g/L to 1.0 g/L) of linalool showed antifungal activities in PDA medium. These results improve our understanding of peach PpTPS genes and their potential roles in defense responses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Li
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingshen Su
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Du
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhou
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwen Ye
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Pouzoulet J, Yelle DJ, Theodory B, Nothnagel EA, Bol S, Rolshausen PE. Biochemical and Histological Insights into the Interaction Between the Canker Pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum and Prunus dulcis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:345-354. [PMID: 34270907 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-21-0107-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The number of reports associated with wood dieback caused by fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae in numerous perennial crops worldwide has significantly increased in the past years. In this study, we investigated the interactions between the canker pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum and the almond tree host (Prunus dulcis), with an emphasis on varietal resistance and host response at the cell wall biochemical and histological levels. Plant bioassays in a shaded house showed that among the four commonly planted commercial almond cultivars ('Butte', 'Carmel', 'Monterey', and 'Nonpareil'), there was no significant varietal difference with respect to resistance to the pathogen. Gummosis was triggered only by fungal infection, not by wounding. A two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography determination of cell wall polymers showed that infected almond trees differed significantly in their glycosyl and lignin composition compared with healthy, noninfected trees. Response to fungal infection involved a significant increase in lignin, a decrease in glucans, and an overall enrichment in other carbohydrates with a profile similar to those observed in gums. Histological observations revealed the presence of guaiacyl-rich cell wall reinforcements. Confocal microscopy suggested that N. parvum colonized mainly the lumina of xylem vessels and parenchyma cells, and to a lesser extent the gum ducts. We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of the compartmentalization of decay in trees model in almond and its potential involvement in the vulnerability of the host toward fungal wood canker diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Pouzoulet
- University of California, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Daniel J Yelle
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Bassam Theodory
- University of California, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Eugene A Nothnagel
- University of California, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Sebastiaan Bol
- University of California, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Philippe E Rolshausen
- University of California, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521
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Zhang D, Shen X, Zhang H, Huang X, He H, Ye J, Cardinale F, Liu J, Liu J, Li G. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolic analyses reveal that ethylene enhances peach susceptibility to Lasiodiplodia theobromae-induced gummosis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:6510707. [PMID: 35040976 PMCID: PMC8958899 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gummosis, one of the most detrimental diseases to the peach industry worldwide, can be induced by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Ethylene (ET) is known to trigger the production of gum exudates, but the mechanism underlying fungus-induced gummosis remains unclear. In this study, L. theobromae infection triggered the accumulation of ET and jasmonic acid (JA) but not salicylic acid (SA) in a susceptible peach variety. Gaseous ET and its biosynthetic precursor increased gum formation, whereas ET inhibitors repressed it. SA and methyl-jasmonate treatments did not influence gum formation. RNA-seq analysis indicated that L. theobromae infection and ET treatment induced a shared subset of 1808 differentially expressed genes, which were enriched in the category "starch and sucrose, UDP-sugars metabolism". Metabolic and transcriptional profiling identified a pronounced role of ET in promoting the transformation of primary sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) into UDP-sugars, which are substrates of gum polysaccharide biosynthesis. Furthermore, ethylene insensitive3-like1 (EIL1), a key transcription factor in the ET pathway, could directly target the promoters of the UDP-sugar biosynthetic genes UXS1a, UXE, RGP and MPI and activate their transcription, as revealed by firefly luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays. On the other hand, the supply of SA and inhibitors of ET and JA decreased the lesion size. ET treatment reduced JA levels and the transcription of the JA biosynthetic gene OPR but increased the SA content and the expression of its biosynthetic gene PAL. Overall, we suggest that endogenous and exogenous ET aggravate gummosis disease by transactivating UDP-sugar metabolic genes through EIL1 and modulating JA and SA biosynthesis in L. theobromae-infected peach shoots. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism by which ET regulates plant defense responses in peach during L. theobromae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xingyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hanzi He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- Plant Stress Lab, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science DISAFA - Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Jihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Corresponding author. E-mail: ;
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Corresponding author. E-mail: ;
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Zhang H, Shen W, Zhang D, Shen X, Wang F, Hsiang T, Liu J, Li G. The bZIP Transcription Factor LtAP1 Modulates Oxidative Stress Tolerance and Virulence in the Peach Gummosis Fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:741842. [PMID: 34630367 PMCID: PMC8495313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the primary causal agents in peach gummosis disease, leading to enormous losses in peach production. In our previous study, a redox-related gene, LtAP1, from the fungus was significantly upregulated in peach shoots throughout infection. Here, we characterized LtAP1, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, during peach gummosis progression using the CRISPR-Cas9 system and homologous recombination. The results showed that LtAP1-deletion mutant had slower vegetative growth and increased sensitivity to several oxidative and nitrosative stress agents. LtAP1 was highly induced by exogenous oxidants treatment in the L. theobromae wild-type strain. In a pathogenicity test, the deletion mutant showed decreased virulence (reduced size of necrotic lesions, less gum release, and decreased pathogen biomass) on infected peach shoots compared to the wild-type strain. The mutant showed severely reduced transcription levels of genes related to glutaredoxin and thioredoxin in L. theobroame under oxidative stress or during infection, indicating an attenuated capacity for reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. When shoots were treated with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, the pathogenicity of the mutant was partially restored. Moreover, ROS production and plant defense response were strongly activated in peach shoots infected by the mutant. These results highlight the crucial role of LtAP1 in the oxidative stress response, and further that it acts as an important virulence factor through modulating the fungal ROS-detoxification system and the plant defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wanqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Jiangxi Oil-tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Li X, Wang J, Su M, Zhou J, Zhang M, Du J, Zhou H, Gan K, Jin J, Zhang X, Cao K, Fang W, Wang L, Jia H, Gao Z, Ye Z. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection for Peach Gummosis Disease Resistance by Genome-Wide Association Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:763618. [PMID: 35197988 PMCID: PMC8858797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Peach gummosis is one of the most widespread and destructive diseases. It causes growth stunting, yield loss, branch, trunk, and tree death, and is becoming a restrictive factor in healthy and sustainable development of peach production. Although a locus has been identified based on bi-parental quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, selection of gummosis-resistant cultivars remains challenging due to the lack of resistant parents and of the complexity of an inducing factor. In this study, an integrated approach of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and comparative transcriptome was used to elucidate the genetic architecture associated with the disease using 195 accessions and 145,456 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The broad-sense and narrow-sense heritabilities were estimated using 2-year phenotypic data and genotypic data, which gave high values of 70 and 73%, respectively. Evaluation of population structure by neighbor-joining and principal components analysis (PCA) clustered all accessions into three major groups and six subgroups, mainly according to fruit shape, hairy vs. glabrous fruit skin, pedigree, geographic origin, and domestication history. Five SNPs were found to be significantly associated with gummosis disease resistance, of which SNPrs285957, located on chromosome6 across 28 Mb, was detected by both the BLINK and the FarmCPU model. Six candidate genes flanked by or harboring the significant SNPs, previously implicated in biotic stress tolerance, were significantly associated with this resistance. Two highly resistant accessions were identified with low disease severity, which could be potential sources of resistance genes for breeding. Our results provide a fresh insight into the genetic control of peach gummosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Li
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization (Southwest Minzu University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshen Su
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Horticultural Department, Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Du
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhou
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Gan
- Key Laboratory for Horticultural Plant Growth, Department of Horticulture, Development and Quality Improvement of State Agriculture Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Key Laboratory for Horticultural Plant Growth, Department of Horticulture, Development and Quality Improvement of State Agriculture Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weichao Fang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Key Laboratory for Horticultural Plant Growth, Department of Horticulture, Development and Quality Improvement of State Agriculture Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongshan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Horticultural Plant Growth, Department of Horticulture, Development and Quality Improvement of State Agriculture Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhongshan Gao,
| | - Zhengwen Ye
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengwen Ye,
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Yuan W, Yan M, Wang Y, Liu X, Gong Y. Optimized preparation of eugenol microcapsules and its effect on hepatic steatosis in HepG 2 cells. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 47:225-234. [PMID: 33320023 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1863421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the potential of peach gum (PG) and gelatin in the microencapsulation of eugenol and the intervention of eugenol microcapsules on hepatic steatosis in vitro. Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the encapsulation conditions of eugenol microcapsules. The microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and release behavior in vitro was determined. The effect of eugenol microcapsules on free fatty acids (FFA) treated hepatocellular cells (HepG2) cells was evaluated by oil red O staining and intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) determination. The results showed that the optimal encapsulation conditions were as follows: the PG-gelatin ratio was 1.6:1.4, the core-wall ratio was 1.6:1.4, the pH was 4 and the emulsification speed was 9000 r/min. The optimized microcapsules were smooth spherical with a size of about 3.09 ± 0.58 μm and the encapsulation was confirmed by FT-IR. In vitro release behavior showed that eugenol microcapsules could be released stably in a neutral environment for 72 h. Oil red O staining showed that 50 and 100 μM eugenol microcapsules could significantly inhibit the lipid accumulation and reduce the TC and TG in steatotic HepG2 cells induced by FFA. Therefore, PG and gelatin can be used as excellent carriers for the microencapsulation of volatile compounds in the field of biomedical industry, and eugenol microcapsules is a promising preparation for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Meixing Yan
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Gonçalves MFM, Nunes RB, Tilleman L, Van de Peer Y, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Esteves AC, Alves A. Dual RNA Sequencing of Vitis vinifera during Lasiodiplodia theobromae Infection Unveils Host-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6083. [PMID: 31816814 PMCID: PMC6928909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the most aggressive agents of the grapevine trunk disease Botryosphaeria dieback. Through a dual RNA-sequencing approach, this study aimed to give a broader perspective on the infection strategy deployed by L. theobromae, while understanding grapevine response. Approximately 0.05% and 90% of the reads were mapped to the genomes of L. theobromae and Vitis vinifera, respectively. Over 2500 genes were significantly differentially expressed in infected plants after 10 dpi, many of which are involved in the inducible defense mechanisms of grapevines. Gene expression analysis showed changes in the fungal metabolism of phenolic compounds, carbohydrate metabolism, transmembrane transport, and toxin synthesis. These functions are related to the pathogenicity mechanisms involved in plant cell wall degradation and fungal defense against antimicrobial substances produced by the host. Genes encoding for the degradation of plant phenylpropanoid precursors were up-regulated, suggesting that the fungus could evade the host defense response using the phenylpropanoid pathway. The up-regulation of many distinct components of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants supports this hypothesis. Moreover, genes related to phytoalexin biosynthesis, hormone metabolism, cell wall modification enzymes, and pathogenesis-related proteins seem to be involved in the host responses observed. This study provides additional insights into the molecular mechanisms of L. theobromae and V. vinifera interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael F. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.F.M.G.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Rui B. Nunes
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.F.M.G.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Laurentijn Tilleman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.T.); (D.D.); (F.V.N.)
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.T.); (D.D.); (F.V.N.)
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.T.); (D.D.); (F.V.N.)
| | - Ana C. Esteves
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Artur Alves
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.F.M.G.); (R.B.N.)
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Rauwane ME, Odeny DA, Millar I, Rey C, Rees J. The early transcriptome response of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti) feeding. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202541. [PMID: 30133510 PMCID: PMC6105004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, is a leading pest of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), damaging this crop globally. Although the biological control of this mealybug using natural predators has been established, resistance breeding remains an important means of control. Understanding plant responses to insect herbivory, by determining and identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs), is a vital step towards the understanding of molecular mechanisms of defence responses in plants and the development of resistant cultivars by gene editing. Morphological and molecular analysis confirmed the mealybug identity as Phenacoccus manihoti (Matile-Ferrero). The transcriptome response of the green mite resistant cassava genotype AR23.1 was compared to P40/1 with no known resistance at 24 and 72 hours of mealybug infestation compared to non-infested mock. A total of 301 and 206 genes were differentially expressed at 24 and 72 of mealybug infestation for AR23.1 and P40/1 genotypes respectively, using a log2 fold change and P-value ≤ 0.05. Gene ontology functional classification revealed an enrichment of genes in the secondary metabolic process category in AR23.1 in comparison with P40/1, while genes in the regulation of molecular function, cellular component biogenesis and electron carrier categories were more significantly enriched in P40/1 than in AR23.1. Biological pathway analysis, based on KEGG, revealed a significant enrichment of plant-pathogen interaction and plant hormonal signal transduction pathways for a cohort of up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs in both genotypes. Defence-related genes such as 2-oxogluterate, gibberellin oxidase and terpene synthase proteins were only induced in genotype AR23.1 and not in P40/1, and subsequently validated by RT-qPCR. The study revealed a difference in response to mealybug infestation in the two genotypes studied, with AR23.1 showing a higher number of differentially expressed transcripts post mealybug infestation at 24 and 72 hours. Candidate defence-related genes that were overexpressed in the AR23.1 genotype post mealybug infestation will be useful in future functional studies towards the control of mealybugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molemi E. Rauwane
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Ian Millar
- Biosystematics Division, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Queenswood, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chrissie Rey
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jasper Rees
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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