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Tsvetkov D, Schleifenbaum J, Wang Y, Kassmann M, Polovitskaya MM, Ali M, Schütze S, Rothe M, Luft FC, Jentsch TJ, Gollasch M. KCNQ5 Controls Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Mediated Vasodilation. Hypertension 2024; 81:561-571. [PMID: 38354270 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small arteries exhibit resting tone, a partially contracted state that maintains arterial blood pressure. In arterial smooth muscle cells, potassium channels control contraction and relaxation. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been shown to exert anticontractile effects on the blood vessels. However, the mechanisms by which PVAT signals small arteries, and their relevance remain largely unknown. We aimed to uncover key molecular components in adipose-vascular coupling. METHODS A wide spectrum of genetic mouse models targeting Kcnq3, Kcnq4, and Kcnq5 genes (Kcnq3-/-, Kcnq4-/-, Kcnq5-/-, Kcnq5dn/dn, Kcnq4-/-/Kcnq5dn/dn, and Kcnq4-/-/Kcnq5-/-), telemetry blood pressure measurements, targeted lipidomics, RNA-Seq profiling, wire-myography, patch-clamp, and sharp-electrode membrane potential measurements was used. RESULTS We show that PVAT causes smooth muscle cell KV7.5 family of voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels to hyperpolarize the membrane potential. This effect relaxes small arteries and regulates blood pressure. Oxygenation of polyunsaturated fats generates oxylipins, a superclass of lipid mediators. We identified numerous oxylipins released by PVAT, which potentiate vasodilatory action in small arteries by opening smooth muscle cell KV7.5 family of voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a key molecular function of the KV7.5 family of voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels in the adipose-vascular coupling, translating PVAT signals, particularly oxylipins, to the central physiological function of vasoregulation. This novel pathway opens new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (D.T., M.K., M.A., M.G.)
| | - Johanna Schleifenbaum
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.S.)
| | - Yibin Wang
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (Y.W., F.C.L.)
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (D.T., M.K., M.A., M.G.)
| | - Maya M Polovitskaya
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (D.T., M.K., M.A., M.G.)
| | - Sebastian Schütze
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
| | | | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (Y.W., F.C.L.)
| | - Thomas J Jentsch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (T.J.J.)
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (D.T., M.K., M.A., M.G.)
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2
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Ahmed A, Bibi A, Valoti M, Fusi F. Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone: Friends or Foes? Cells 2023; 12:cells12081196. [PMID: 37190105 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a specialized type of adipose tissue that surrounds most mammalian blood vessels. PVAT is a metabolically active, endocrine organ capable of regulating blood vessel tone, endothelium function, vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proliferation, and contributing critically to cardiovascular disease onset and progression. In the context of vascular tone regulation, under physiological conditions, PVAT exerts a potent anticontractile effect by releasing a plethora of vasoactive substances, including NO, H2S, H2O2, prostacyclin, palmitic acid methyl ester, angiotensin 1-7, adiponectin, leptin, and omentin. However, under certain pathophysiological conditions, PVAT exerts pro-contractile effects by decreasing the production of anticontractile and increasing that of pro-contractile factors, including superoxide anion, angiotensin II, catecholamines, prostaglandins, chemerin, resistin, and visfatin. The present review discusses the regulatory effect of PVAT on vascular tone and the factors involved. In this scenario, dissecting the precise role of PVAT is a prerequisite to the development of PVAT-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aasia Bibi
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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3
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Cheng CK, Ding H, Jiang M, Yin H, Gollasch M, Huang Y. Perivascular adipose tissue: Fine-tuner of vascular redox status and inflammation. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102683. [PMID: 36958248 PMCID: PMC10038789 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the aggregate of adipose tissue surrounding the vasculature, exhibiting the phenotypes of white, beige and brown adipocytes. PVAT has emerged as an active modulator of vascular homeostasis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in addition to its structural role to provide mechanical support to blood vessels. More specifically, PVAT is closely involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and inflammation along the vascular tree, through the tight interaction between PVAT and cellular components of the vascular wall. Furthermore, the phenotype-genotype of PVAT at different regions of vasculature varies corresponding to different cardiovascular risks. During ageing and obesity, the cellular proportions and signaling pathways of PVAT vary in favor of cardiovascular pathogenesis by promoting ROS generation and inflammation. Physiological means and drugs that alter PVAT mass, components and signaling may provide new therapeutic insights in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an updated understanding towards PVAT in the context of redox regulation, and to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting PVAT against cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Huanyu Ding
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Minchun Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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4
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Amer A, Fabio F, Valoti M. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Modulates the Effects of Flavonoids on Rat Aorta Rings: Role of Superoxide Anion and β3 Receptors. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Zhang D, Krause BM, Schmalz HG, Wohlfart P, Yard BA, Schubert R. ET-CORM Mediated Vasorelaxation of Small Mesenteric Arteries: Involvement of Kv7 Potassium Channels. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:702392. [PMID: 34552483 PMCID: PMC8451721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the vasoactive properties of carbon monoxide (CO) have been extensively studied, the mechanism by which CO mediates vasodilation is not completely understood. Through-out published studies on CO mediated vasodilation there is inconsistency on the type of K+-channels that are activated by CO releasing molecules (CORMs). Since the vasorelaxation properties of enzyme triggered CORMs (ET-CORMs) have not been studied thus far, we first assessed if ET-CORMs can mediate vasodilation of small mesenteric arteries and subsequently addressed the role of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and that of K-channels herein. To this end, 3 different types of ET-CORMs that either contain acetate (rac-1 and rac-4) or pivalate (rac-8) as ester functionality, were tested ex vivo on methoxamine pre-contracted small rat mesenteric arteries in a myograph setting. Pre-contracted mesenteric arteries strongly dilated upon treatment with both types of acetate containing ET-CORMs (rac-1 and rac-4), while treatment with the pivalate containing ET-CORM (rac-8) resulted in no vasodilation. Pre-treatment of mesenteric arteries with the sGC inhibitor ODQ abolished rac-4 mediated vasodilation, similar as for the known sGC activator SNP. Likewise, rac-4 mediated vasodilation did not occur in KCL pretreated mesenteric arteries. Although mesenteric arteries abundantly expressed a variety of K+-channels only Kv7 channels were found to be of functional relevance for rac-4 mediated vasodilation. In conclusion the current results identified Kv7 channels as the main channel by which rac-4 mediates vasodilation. In keeping with the central role of Kv7 in the control of vascular tone and peripheral resistance these promising ex-vivo data warrant further in vivo studies, particularly in models of primary hypertension or cardiac diseases, to assess the potential use of ET-CORMs in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Medical Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | | | - Paulus Wohlfart
- Diabetes Research, Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benito A Yard
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Medical Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rudolf Schubert
- European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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6
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Shvetsova AA, Gaynullina DK, Schmidt N, Bugert P, Lukoshkova EV, Tarasova OS, Schubert R. TASK-1 channel blockade by AVE1231 increases vasocontractile responses and BP in 1- to 2-week-old but not adult rats. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5148-5162. [PMID: 32860629 PMCID: PMC7589011 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The vasomotor role of K2P potassium channels during early postnatal development has never been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that TASK‐1 channel (K2P family member) contribution to arterial vascular tone and BP is higher in the early postnatal period than in adulthood. Experimental Approach We studied 10‐ to 15‐day‐old (“young”) and 2‐ to 3‐month‐old (“adult”) male rats performing digital PCR (dPCR) (using endothelium‐intact saphenous arteries), isometric myography, sharp microelectrode technique, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting (using endothelium‐denuded saphenous arteries), and arterial pressure measurements under urethane anaesthesia. Key Results We found mRNA of Kcnk1–Kcnk7, Kcnk12, and Kcnk13 genes to be expressed in rat saphenous artery, and Kcnk3 (TASK‐1) and Kcnk6 (TWIK‐2) were most abundant in both age groups. The TASK‐1 channel blocker AVE1231 (1 μmol·L−1) prominently depolarized arterial smooth muscle and increased basal tone level and contractile responses to methoxamine of arteries from young rats but had almost no effect in adult rats. The level of TASK‐1 mRNA and protein expression was higher in arteries from young compared with adult rats. Importantly, intravenous administration of AVE1231 (4 mg·kg−1) had no effect on mean arterial pressure in adult rats but prominently raised it in young rats. Conclusion and Implications We showed that TASK‐1 channels are important for negative feedback regulation of vasocontraction in young but not adult rats. The influence of TASK‐1 channels most likely contributes to low BP level at perinatal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Shvetsova
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dina K Gaynullina
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena V Lukoshkova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Tarasova
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,State Research Center of the Russian Federation-Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rudolf Schubert
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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7
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of small peripheral arteries contribute to blood pressure control by adapting their contractile state. These adaptations depend on the VSMC cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, regulated by complex local elementary Ca2+ signaling pathways. Ca2+ sparks represent local, transient, rapid calcium release events from a cluster of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In arterial SMCs, Ca2+ sparks activate nearby calcium-dependent potassium channels, cause membrane hyperpolarization and thus decrease the global intracellular [Ca2+] to oppose vasoconstriction. Arterial SMC Cav1.2 L-type channels regulate intracellular calcium stores content, which in turn modulates calcium efflux through RyRs. Cav3.2 T-type channels contribute to a minor extend to Ca2+ spark generation in certain types of arteries. Their localization within cell membrane caveolae is essential. We summarize present data on local elementary calcium signaling (Ca2+ sparks) in arterial SMCs with focus on RyR isoforms, large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (BKCa) channels, and cell membrane-bound calcium channels (Cav1.2 and Cav3.2), particularly in caveolar microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fan
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yingqiu Cui
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
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8
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Chang L, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Regulates Vascular Function by Targeting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1094-1109. [PMID: 32188271 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.312464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are present at multiple locations in the body. Most blood vessels are surrounded with adipose tissue which is referred to as perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Similarly to adipose tissues at other locations, PVAT harbors many types of cells which produce and secrete adipokines and other undetermined factors which locally modulate PVAT metabolism and vascular function. Uncoupling protein-1, which is considered as a brown fat marker, is also expressed in PVAT of rodents and humans. Thus, compared with other adipose tissues in the visceral area, PVAT displays brown-like characteristics. PVAT shows a distinct function in the cardiovascular system compared with adipose tissues in other depots which are not adjacent to the vascular tree. Growing and extensive studies have demonstrated that presence of normal PVAT is required to maintain the vasculature in a functional status. However, excessive accumulation of dysfunctional PVAT leads to vascular disorders, partially through alteration of its secretome which, in turn, affects vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In this review, we highlight the cross talk between PVAT and vascular smooth muscle cells and its roles in vascular remodeling and blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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9
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Zavaritskaya O, Dudem S, Ma D, Rabab KE, Albrecht S, Tsvetkov D, Kassmann M, Thornbury K, Mladenov M, Kammermeier C, Sergeant G, Mullins N, Wouappi O, Wurm H, Kannt A, Gollasch M, Hollywood MA, Schubert R. Vasodilation of rat skeletal muscle arteries by the novel BK channel opener GoSlo is mediated by the simultaneous activation of BK and K v 7 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1164-1186. [PMID: 31658366 PMCID: PMC7042121 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose BK channels play important roles in various physiological and pathophysiological processes and thus have been the target of several drug development programmes focused on creating new efficacious BK channel openers, such as the GoSlo‐SR compounds. However, the effect of GoSlo‐SR compounds on vascular smooth muscle has not been studied. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that GoSlo‐SR compounds dilate arteries exclusively by activating BK channels. Experimental Approach Experiments were performed on rat Gracilis muscle, saphenous, mesenteric and tail arteries using isobaric and isometric myography, sharp microelectrodes, digital droplet PCR and the patch‐clamp technique. Key Results GoSlo‐SR compounds dilated isobaric and relaxed and hyperpolarised isometric vessel preparations and their effects were abolished after (a) functionally eliminating K+ channels by pre‐constriction with 50 mM KCl or (b) blocking all K+ channels known to be expressed in vascular smooth muscle. However, these effects were not blocked when BK channels were inhibited. Surprisingly, the Kv7 channel inhibitor XE991 reduced their effects considerably, but neither Kv1 nor Kv2 channel blockers altered the inhibitory effects of GoSlo‐SR. However, the combined blockade of BK and Kv7 channels abolished the GoSlo‐SR‐induced relaxation. GoSlo‐SR compounds also activated Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 channels expressed in HEK 293 cells. Conclusion and Implications This study shows that GoSlo‐SR compounds are effective relaxants in vascular smooth muscle and mediate their effects by a combined activation of BK and Kv7.4/Kv7.5 channels. Activation of Kv1, Kv2 or Kv7.1 channels or other vasodilator pathways seems not to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zavaritskaya
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Srikanth Dudem
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Dongyu Ma
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Kaneez E Rabab
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Sarah Albrecht
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Keith Thornbury
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland.,Ion Channel Biotechnology Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Sts. Cyril and Methodius, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia.,Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Claire Kammermeier
- Sanofi Diabetes Research, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerard Sergeant
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland.,Ion Channel Biotechnology Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Mullins
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Ornella Wouappi
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hannah Wurm
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Sanofi Diabetes Research, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark A Hollywood
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland.,Ion Channel Biotechnology Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Rudolf Schubert
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
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10
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Tsvetkov D, Kolpakov E, Kassmann M, Schubert R, Gollasch M. Distinguishing Between Biological and Technical Replicates in Hypertension Research on Isolated Arteries. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:126. [PMID: 31281816 PMCID: PMC6595250 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, especially in obese individuals in which the quantity of renal and visceral PVAT is markedly increased. The control of arterial tone by PVAT has emerged as a relatively new field of experimental hypertension research. The discovery of this prototype of vasoregulation has been mostly inferred from data obtained using wire myography. Currently, there is a major discussion on distinguishing between biological vs. technical replicates in biomedical studies, which resulted in numerous guidelines being published on planning studies and publishing data by societies, journals, and associations. Experimental study designs are determined depending on how the experimentator distinguishes between biological vs. technical replicates. These definitions determine the ultimate standards required for making submissions to certain journals. In this article, we examine possible outcomes of different experimental study designs on PVAT control of arterial tone using isolated arteries. Based on experimental data, we determine the sample size and power of statistical analyses for such experiments. We discuss whether n-values should correspond to the number of arterial rings and analyze the resulting effects if those numbers are averaged to provide a single N-value per animal, or whether the hierarchical statistical method represents an alternative for analyzing such kind of data. Our analyses show that that the data (logEC50) from (+) PVAT to (-) PVAT arteries are clustered. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was 31.4%. Moreover, it appeared that the hierarchical approach was better than regular statistical tests as the analyses revealed by a better goodness of fit (v2-2LL test). Based on our results, we propose to use at least three independent arterial rings from each from three animals or at least seven arterial rings from each from two animals for each group, i.e., (+) PVAT vs. (-) PVAT. Finally, we discuss a clinical situation where distinguishing between biological vs. technical replicates can lead to absurd situations in clinical decision makings. We conclude that discrimination between biological vs. technical replicates is helpful in experimental studies but is difficult to implement in everyday's clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Kolpakov
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Schubert
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim and European Center of Angioscience, Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the local aggregate of adipose tissue surrounding the vascular tree, exhibiting phenotypes from white to brown and beige adipocytes. Although PVAT has long been regarded as simply a structural unit providing mechanical support to vasculature, it is now gaining reputation as an integral endocrine/paracrine component, in addition to the well-established modulator endothelium, in regulating vascular tone. Since the discovery of anti-contractile effect of PVAT in 1991, the use of multiple rodent models of reduced amounts of PVAT has revealed its regulatory role in vascular remodeling and cardiovascular implications, including atherosclerosis. PVAT does not only release PVAT-derived relaxing factors (PVRFs) to activate multiple subsets of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle potassium channels and anti-inflammatory signals in the vasculature, but it does also provide an interface for neuron-adipocyte interactions in the vascular wall to regulate arterial vascular tone. In this review, we outline our current understanding towards PVAT and attempt to provide hints about future studies that can sharpen the therapeutic potential of PVAT against cardiovascular diseases and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hamidah Abu Bakar
- Health Sciences Department, Universiti Selangor, 40000, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC)-a joint cooperation between the Charité-University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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12
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Shvetsova AA, Gaynullina DK, Tarasova OS, Schubert R. Negative feedback regulation of vasocontraction by potassium channels in 10- to 15-day-old rats: Dominating role of K v 7 channels. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13176. [PMID: 30136434 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Potassium channels are key regulators of smooth muscle membrane potential and arterial tone. However, the roles of potassium channels in vascular tone regulation in the systemic circulation during early postnatal development are poorly understood. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that the negative feedback regulation of vasocontraction by potassium channels changes during maturation. METHODS Experiments were performed on endothelium-denuded saphenous arteries from 10- to 15-day-old and 2- to 3-month-old male rats. Isometric force and membrane potential were recorded using wire myography and the sharp microelectrode technique respectively; mRNA and protein contents were determined by qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS The effects of Kv 1, Kir and Kv 7 channel blockers (DPO-1, BaCl2 , XE991) on methoxamine-induced contraction were larger in arteries of 10- to 15-day-old compared to 2- to 3-month-old animals. In contrast, the BKC a channel blocker iberiotoxin had a stronger influence in 2- to 3- month-old rats. The effects of KATP and Kv 2 channel blockers (glibenclamide, stromatoxin) were not pronounced at both ages. The larger influence of Kv 7 and Kir channel blockade on arterial contraction in 10- to 15-day-old rats was associated with more prominent smooth muscle depolarization. The developmental alterations in potassium channel functioning were generally consistent with their mRNA and protein expression levels in arterial smooth muscle. CONCLUSION The negative feedback regulation of vasocontraction by potassium channels varies during maturation depending on the channel type. A dominating contribution of Kv 7 channels to the regulation of basal tone and agonist-induced contraction was observed in arteries of 10- to 15-day-old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Shvetsova
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM); European Center of Angioscience (ECAS); Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Biology; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
- State Research Center of the Russian Federation - Institute for Biomedical Problems; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Dina K. Gaynullina
- Faculty of Biology; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
- State Research Center of the Russian Federation - Institute for Biomedical Problems; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Department of Physiology; Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - Olga S. Tarasova
- Faculty of Biology; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
- State Research Center of the Russian Federation - Institute for Biomedical Problems; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Rudolf Schubert
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM); European Center of Angioscience (ECAS); Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
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13
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Gollasch M, Welsh DG, Schubert R. Perivascular adipose tissue and the dynamic regulation of K v 7 and K ir channels: Implications for resistant hypertension. Microcirculation 2018; 25. [PMID: 29211322 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistant hypertension is defined as high blood pressure that remains uncontrolled despite treatment with at least three antihypertensive drugs at adequate doses. Resistant hypertension is an increasingly common clinical problem in older age, obesity, diabetes, sleep apnea, and chronic kidney disease. Although the direct vasodilator minoxidil was introduced in the early 1970s, only recently has this drug been shown to be particularly effective in a subgroup of patients with treatment-resistant or uncontrolled hypertension. This pharmacological approach is interesting from a mechanistic perspective as minoxidil is the only clinically used K+ channel opener today, which targets a subclass of K+ channels, namely KATP channels in VSMCs. Beside KATP channels, two other classes of VSMC K+ channels could represent novel effective targets for treatment of resistant hypertension, namely Kv 7 (KCNQ) and inward rectifier potassium (Kir 2.1) channels. Interestingly, these channels are unique among VSMC potassium channels. First, both have been implicated in the control of microvascular tone by perivascular adipose tissue. Second, they exhibit biophysical properties strongly controlled and regulated by membrane voltage, but not intracellular calcium. This review focuses on Kv 7 (Kv 7.1-5) and Kir (Kir 2.1) channels in VSMCs as potential novel drug targets for treatment of resistant hypertension, particularly in comorbid conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Gollasch
- Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) - a joint cooperation between the Charité - University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Donald G Welsh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rudolf Schubert
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Byron KL, Brueggemann LI. Kv7 potassium channels as signal transduction intermediates in the control of microvascular tone. Microcirculation 2018; 25. [PMID: 28976052 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels are recognized as important regulators of cellular functions in most, if not all cell types. These cellular proteins assemble to form gated pores in the plasma membrane, which serve to regulate the flow of potassium ions (K+ ) from the cytosol to the extracellular space. In VSMCs, the open state of potassium channels enables the efflux of K+ and thereby establishes a negative resting voltage across the plasma membrane that inhibits the opening of VSCCs. Under these conditions, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations are relatively low and Ca2+ -dependent contraction is inhibited. Recent research has identified Kv7 family potassium channels as important contributors to resting membrane voltage in VSMCs, with much of the research focusing on the effects of drugs that specifically activate or block these channels to produce corresponding effects on VSMC contraction and vascular tone. Increasingly, evidence is emerging that these channels are not just good drug targets-they are also essential intermediates in vascular signal transduction, mediating vasoconstrictor or vasodilator responses to a variety of physiological stimuli. This review will summarize recent research findings that support a crucial function of Kv7 channels in both positive (vasoconstrictive) and negative (vasorelaxant) regulation of microvascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Byron
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lyubov I Brueggemann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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15
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Lian X, Beer-Hammer S, König GM, Kostenis E, Nürnberg B, Gollasch M. RXFP1 Receptor Activation by Relaxin-2 Induces Vascular Relaxation in Mice via a Gα i2-Protein/PI3Kß/γ/Nitric Oxide-Coupled Pathway. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1234. [PMID: 30233409 PMCID: PMC6131674 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Relaxins are small peptide hormones, which are novel candidate molecules that play important roles in cardiometablic syndrome. Relaxins are structurally related to the insulin hormone superfamily, which provide vasodilatory effects by activation of G-protein-coupled relaxin receptors (RXFPs) and stimulation of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) generation. Recently, relaxin could be demonstrated to activate Gi proteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways in cultured endothelial cells in vitro. However, the contribution of the Gi-PI3K pathway and their individual components in relaxin-dependent relaxation of intact arteries remains elusive. Methods: We used Gαi2- (Gnai2-/-) and Gαi3-deficient (Gnai3-/-) mice, pharmacological tools and wire myography to study G-protein-coupled signaling pathways involved in relaxation of mouse isolated mesenteric arteries by relaxins. Human relaxin-1, relaxin-2, and relaxin-3 were tested. Results: Relaxin-2 (∼50% relaxation at 10-11 M) was the most potent vasodilatory relaxin in mouse mesenteric arteries, compared to relaxin-1 and relaxin-3. The vasodilatory effects of relaxin-2 were inhibited by removal of the endothelium or treatment of the vessels with N (G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor) or simazine (RXFP1 inhibitor). The vasodilatory effects of relaxin-2 were absent in arteries of mice treated with pertussis toxin (PTX). They were also absent in arteries isolated from Gnai2-/- mice, but not from Gnai3-/- mice. The effects were not affected by FR900359 (Gαq protein inhibitor) or PI-103 (PI3Kα inhibitor), but inhibited by TGX-221 (PI3Kβ inhibitor) or AS-252424 (PI3Kγ inhibitor). Simazine did not influence the anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue. Conclusion: Our data indicate that relaxin-2 produces endothelium- and NO-dependent relaxation of mouse mesenteric arteries by activation of RXFP1 coupled to Gi2-PI3K-eNOS pathway. Targeting vasodilatory Gi-protein-coupled RXFP1 pathways may provide promising opportunities for drug discovery in endothelial dysfunction and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Lian
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Wang N, Kuczmanski A, Dubrovska G, Gollasch M. Palmitic Acid Methyl Ester and Its Relation to Control of Tone of Human Visceral Arteries and Rat Aortas by Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2018; 9:583. [PMID: 29875688 PMCID: PMC5974537 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts anti-contractile effects on visceral arteries by release of various perivascular relaxing factors (PVRFs) and opening voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) has been proposed as transferable PVRF in rat aorta. Here, we studied PVAT regulation of arterial tone of human mesenteric arteries and clarified the contribution of Kv channels and PAME in the effects. Methods: Wire myography was used to measure vasocontractions of mesenteric artery rings from patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Isolated aortic rings from Sprague-Dawley rats were studied for comparison. PVAT was either left intact or removed from the arterial rings. Vasocontractions were induced by external high K+ (60 mM), serotonin (5-HT) or phenylephrine. PAME (10 nM−3 μM) was used as vasodilator. Kv channels were blocked by XE991, a Kv7 (KCNQ) channel inhibitor, or by 4-aminopyridine, a non-specific Kv channel inhibitor. PAME was measured in bathing solutions incubated with rat peri-aortic or human visceral adipose tissue. Results: We found that PVAT displayed anti-contractile effects in both human mesenteric arteries and rat aortas. The anti-contractile effects were inhibited by XE991 (30 μM). PAME (EC50 ~1.4 μM) was capable to produce relaxations of PVAT-removed rat aortas. These effects were abolished by XE991 (30 μM), but not 4-aminopyridine (2 mM) or NDGA (10 μM), a lipoxygenases inhibitor. The cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibitor 17-octadecynoic acid (ODYA 10 μM) and the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 12-(3-adamantan-1-ylureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA 10 μM) slightly decreased PAME relaxations. PAME up to 10 μM failed to induce relaxations of PVAT-removed human mesenteric arteries. 5-HT induced endogenous PAME release from rat peri-aortic adipose tissue, but not from human visceral adipose tissue. Conclusions: Our data also suggest that Kv7 channels are involved in the anti-contractile effects of PVAT on arterial tone in both rat aorta and human mesenteric arteries. PAME could contribute to PVAT relaxations by activating Kv7 channels in rat aorta, but not in human mesenteric arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Artur Kuczmanski
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Galyna Dubrovska
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Medical Clinic of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Long-term diet-induced hypertension in rats is associated with reduced expression and function of small artery SKCa, IKCa, and Kir2.1 channels. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:461-474. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20171408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal obesity and/or a high intake of fructose may cause hypertension. K+ channels, Na/K-ATPase, and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are crucial determinants of resistance artery tone and thus the control of blood pressure. Limited information is available on the role of K+ transporters in long-term diet-induced hypertension in rats. We hypothesized that a 28-week diet rich in fat, fructose, or both, will lead to changes in K+ transporter expression and function, which is associated with increased blood pressure and decreased arterial function. Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats received a diet containing normal chow (Control), high-fat chow (High Fat), high-fructose in drinking water (High Fructose), or a combination of high-fat and high-fructose diet (High Fat/Fruc) for 28 weeks from the age of 4 weeks. Measurements included body weight (BW), systolic blood pressure (SBP), mRNA expression of vascular K+ transporters, and vessel myography in small mesenteric arteries (SMAs). BW was increased in the High Fat and High Fat/Fruc groups, and SBP was increased in the High Fat/Fruc group. mRNA expression of small conductance calcium-activated K+ channel (SKCa), intermediate conductance calcium-activated K+ (IKCa), and Kir2.1 inward rectifier K+ channels were reduced in the High Fat/Fruc group. Reduced endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-type relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) was seen in the High Fat and High Fat/Fruc groups. Ba2+-sensitive dilatation to extracellular K+ was impaired in all the experimental diet groups. In conclusion, reduced expression and function of SKCa, IKCa, and Kir2.1 channels are associated with elevated blood pressure in rats fed a long-term High Fat/Fruc. Rats fed a 28-week High Fat/Fruc provide a relevant model of diet-induced hypertension.
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18
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Fernández-Alfonso MS, Somoza B, Tsvetkov D, Kuczmanski A, Dashwood M, Gil-Ortega M. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:23-59. [PMID: 29357124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is cushion of fat tissue surrounding blood vessels, which is phenotypically different from other adipose tissue depots. PVAT is composed of adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction, constituted by different populations of immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipose-derived stromal cells. It expresses and releases an important number of vasoactive factors with paracrine effects on vascular structure and function. In healthy individuals, these factors elicit a net anticontractile and anti-inflammatory paracrine effect aimed at meeting hemodynamic and metabolic demands of specific organs and regions of the body. Pathophysiological situations, such as obesity, diabetes or hypertension, induce changes in its amount and in the expression pattern of vasoactive factors leading to a PVAT dysfunction in which the beneficial paracrine influence of PVAT is shifted to a pro-oxidant, proinflammatory, contractile, and trophic environment leading to functional and structural cardiovascular alterations and cardiovascular disease. Many different PVATs surrounding a variety of blood vessels have been described and exhibit regional differences. Both protective and deleterious influence of PVAT differs regionally depending on the specific vascular bed contributing to variations in the susceptibility of arteries and veins to vascular disease. PVAT therefore, might represent a novel target for pharmacological intervention in cardiovascular disease. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:23-59, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Artur Kuczmanski
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany
| | - Mick Dashwood
- Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Amor S, Martín-Carro B, Rubio C, Carrascosa JM, Hu W, Huang Y, García-Villalón AL, Granado M. Study of insulin vascular sensitivity in aortic rings and endothelial cells from aged rats subjected to caloric restriction: Role of perivascular adipose tissue. Exp Gerontol 2017; 109:126-136. [PMID: 29055722 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is dramatically increasing among elderly population. Metabolic syndrome in aged individuals is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance both in metabolic tissues and in the cardiovascular system, with this fact being associated with the cardiometabolic alterations associated to this condition. Caloric restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity and is one of the dietetic strategies most commonly used to enlarge life and to prevent aging induced cardiovascular alterations. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of CR in aging-induced vascular insulin resistance both in aortic rings and in primary culture of endothelial cells. In addition, the inflammatory profile of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and its possible role in the impairment of vascular insulin sensitivity associated with aging was also assessed. Three experimental groups of male Wistar rats were used: 3 (3m), 24 (24m) fed ad libitum and 24months old rats subjected to 20% CR during their three last months of life (24m-CR). Aorta rings surrounded or not by PVAT were mounted in an organ bath and precontracted with phenylephrine (10-7.5M). Changes in isometric tension were recorded in response to cumulative insulin concentrations (10-8-10-5.5M) in the presence or absence of L-NAME (10-4M). Aortic rings and primary aortic endothelial cells were incubated in presence/absence of insulin (10-7M) and the activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways as well as nitrite and nitrates concentrations and the mRNA levels of eNOS, insulin receptor, and GLUT-4 were assessed. CR prevented the aging-induced decrease in the vasodilator response to insulin and the aging-induced increase in the vasoconstrictor response to high insulin concentrations. Changes between 24m and 24m-CR aorta rings were abolished in the presence of L-NAME. CR induced-improvement in insulin vascular sensitivity was related with activation of the PI3K/Akt both in aortic rings and in aortic endothelial cells in response to insulin. CR attenuated the overexpression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β in the PVAT of aged rats although aortic rings surrounded by PVAT from 24m rats showed and increased vasorelaxation in response to insulin compared to aortic rings from 3m and 24m-CR rats. In conclusion, a moderate protocol of CR improves insulin vascular sensitivity and prevents the aging induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - B Martín-Carro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Carrascosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - W Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Y Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - A L García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - M Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Shin SE, Li H, Kim HS, Kim HW, Seo MS, Ha KS, Han ET, Hong SH, Firth AL, Choi IW, Bae YM, Park WS. Nortriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, inhibits voltage-dependent K + channels in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:225-232. [PMID: 28280416 PMCID: PMC5343056 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the effect of nortriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant drug and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels in freshly isolated rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells using a whole-cell patch clamp technique. Nortriptyline inhibited Kv currents in a concentration-dependent manner, with an apparent IC50 value of 2.86±0.52 µM and a Hill coefficient of 0.77±0.1. Although application of nortriptyline did not change the activation curve, nortriptyline shifted the inactivation current toward a more negative potential. Application of train pulses (1 or 2 Hz) did not change the nortriptyline-induced Kv channel inhibition, suggesting that the effects of nortiprtyline were not use-dependent. Preincubation with the Kv1.5 and Kv2.1/2.2 inhibitors, DPO-1 and guangxitoxin did not affect nortriptyline inhibition of Kv channels. From these results, we concluded that nortriptyline inhibited Kv channels in a concentration-dependent and state-independent manner independently of serotonin reuptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Shin
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Han Sol Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Seo
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Amy L Firth
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA90033, USA
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48516, Korea
| | - Young Min Bae
- Department of Physiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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21
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Lian X, Gollasch M. A Clinical Perspective: Contribution of Dysfunctional Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) to Cardiovascular Risk. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 18:82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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