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Megalin and Vitamin D Metabolism—Implications in Non-Renal Tissues and Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183690. [PMID: 36145066 PMCID: PMC9506339 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalin is an endocytic receptor abundantly expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells and other calciotropic extrarenal cells expressing vitamin D metabolizing enzymes, such as bone and parathyroid cells. The receptor functions in the uptake of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) complexed to 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), facilitating the intracellular conversion of precursor 25(OH)D3 to the active 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). The significance of renal megalin-mediated reabsorption of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 has been well established experimentally, and other studies have demonstrated relevant roles of extrarenal megalin in regulating vitamin D homeostasis in mammary cells, fat, muscle, bone, and mesenchymal stem cells. Parathyroid gland megalin may regulate calcium signaling, suggesting intriguing possibilities for megalin-mediated cross-talk between calcium and vitamin D regulation in the parathyroid; however, parathyroid megalin functionality has not been assessed in the context of vitamin D. Within various models of chronic kidney disease (CKD), megalin expression appears to be downregulated; however, contradictory results have been observed between human and rodent models. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of megalin function in the context of vitamin D metabolism, with an emphasis on extrarenal megalin, an area that clearly requires further investigation.
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Lin DC, Zheng SY, Zhang ZG, Luo JH, Zhu ZL, Li L, Chen LS, Lin X, Sham JSK, Lin MJ, Zhou RX. TRPC3 promotes tumorigenesis of gastric cancer via the CNB2/GSK3β/NFATc2 signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:211-225. [PMID: 34311033 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels have been implicated in various types of malignancies including gastric cancer (GC). However, the detailed mechanisms of TRPC channels underlying cell proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells remain largely unknown. Here, we report that TRPC3 was highly expressed in clinical GC specimens and correlated with GC malignant progression and poor prognosis. Forced expression of TRPC3 in GC cells enhanced both receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and promoted the nuclear factor of activated T cell 2 (NFATc2) nuclear translocation by AKT/GSK-3β and CNB2 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPC3 or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TRPC3 knockout effectively inhibited the growth of GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. These effects were reversible by the rescue of TRPC3 expression. Furthermore, we confirmed the role of TRPC3 and the ROCE-AKT/GSK3β-CNB2/NFATc2 signaling cascade in regulating cell cycle checkpoint, apoptosis cascade, and intracellular ROS production in GC. Overall, our findings suggest an oncogenic role of TRPC3 in GC and may highlight a potential target of TRPC3 for therapeutic intervention of GC and its malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Cen Lin
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Si-Yi Zheng
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Zhang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Luo
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Zhu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu-Shan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Lin
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - James S K Sham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mo-Jun Lin
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Rui-Xiang Zhou
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China.
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Fraser GE, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Orlich M, Mashchak A, Sirirat R, Knutsen S. Dairy, soy, and risk of breast cancer: those confounded milks. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1526-1537. [PMID: 32095830 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between soy, dairy intakes and breast cancer risk are inconsistent. No studies exist with large numbers of dairy consumers and soy consumers to assess mutual confounding. METHODS The study cohort contains 52 795 North American women, initially free of cancer, followed for 7.9 years (29.7% were Black). Dietary intakes were estimated from food frequency questionnaires and, for 1011 calibration study subjects, from six structured 24-h dietary recalls. Incident invasive breast cancers were detected mainly by matching with cancer registries. Analyses used multivariable proportional hazards regression. RESULTS The participants (mean age of 57.1 years) experienced 1057 new breast cancer cases during follow-up. No clear associations were found between soy products and breast cancer, independently of dairy. However, higher intakes of dairy calories and dairy milk were associated with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.40] and 1.50 (95% CI 1.22-1.84), respectively, comparing 90th to 10th percentiles of intakes. Full fat and reduced fat milks produced similar results. No important associations were noted with cheese and yogurt. Substituting median intakes of dairy milk users by those of soy milk consumers was associated with HR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55-0.85). Similar-sized associations were found among pre- and post-menopausal cases, with CIs also excluding the null in estrogen receptor (ER+, ER-), and progesterone receptor (PR+) cancers. Less biased calibrated measurement-error adjusted regressions demonstrated yet stronger, but less precise, HRs and CIs that still excluded the null. CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of dairy milk were associated with greater risk of breast cancer, when adjusted for soy intake. Current guidelines for dairy milk consumption could be viewed with some caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Karen Jaceldo-Siegl
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael Orlich
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Rawiwan Sirirat
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Synnove Knutsen
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Aslam A, Ahmad J, Baghdadi MA, Idris S, Almaimani R, Alsaegh A, Alhadrami M, Refaat B. Chemopreventive effects of vitamin D 3 and its analogue, paricalcitol, in combination with 5-fluorouracil against colorectal cancer: The role of calcium signalling molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166040. [PMID: 33338596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vitamin D (VD) is chemoprotective and enhances 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer (CRC), little is known about its potential calcium (Ca2+)-mediated anti-tumorigenic actions. Therefore, this study compared between VD and its non-calcaemic analogue, Paricalcitol (Pcal), ± 5-FU in relation to chemoprevention and Ca2+-mediated apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Seventy male mice were distributed to: negative controls, positive controls (PC), VD, Pcal, 5-FU, VD + 5-FU and Pcal+5-FU groups. All groups, except negative, received two consecutive azoxymethane (AOM)-injections (10 mg/Kg/week) for CRC induction. VD3 (1000 IU/kg; three times/week) and Pcal (1.25 μg/kg; three times/week) injections started week-16 post-AOM and for 10 weeks. Three successive 5-FU cycles began at week-21 (50 mg/Kg/week). Similar protocols with VD3, Pcal and/or 5-FU were applied in the HT29 colon cancer cells. RESULTS The PC group had abundant malignant tumours, markedly elevated proliferation markers (survivin/CCND1) and declines in cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitor-1A, pro-apoptotic molecules (p53/BAX/cytochrome_C/caspase-3), tissue Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+-dependent proteins (CaSR/CAM/CAMKIIA). All monotherapies equally reduced tumour numbers and proliferation markers whilst promoting the anti-tumorigenic molecules. VD and/or 5-FU, but not Pcal monotherapy, enhanced Ca2+ levels and Ca2+-related molecules (CaSR/CAM/CAMKIIA/BAX/cytochrome_C) in vivo and in vitro. However, VD + 5-FU co-therapy showed the lowest tumour numbers, the highest cell numbers in sub-G1 phase of cell cycle, alongside the most effective modulations of oncogenes, tumour suppressors and Ca2+-related molecules at the gene and protein levels in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS VD3 was superior than Paricalcitol in potentiating 5-FU cytotoxicity, possibly by upregulating several Ca2+-related molecules involved in tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Vitamin D Effects on Cell Differentiation and Stemness in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092413. [PMID: 32854355 PMCID: PMC7563562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is the precursor of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a pleiotropic hormone that is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates the phenotype and physiology of many cell types by controlling the expression of hundreds of genes in a tissue- and cell-specific fashion. Vitamin D deficiency is common among cancer patients and numerous studies have reported that 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes the differentiation of a wide panel of cultured carcinoma cells, frequently associated with a reduction in cell proliferation and survival. A major mechanism of this action is inhibition of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which in turn is largely based on antagonism of the Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and EGF signaling pathways. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 controls the gene expression profile and phenotype of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are important players in the tumorigenic process. Moreover, recent data suggest a regulatory role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the biology of normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we revise the current knowledge of the molecular and genetic basis of the regulation by 1,25(OH)2D3 of the differentiation and stemness of human carcinoma cells, CAFs and CSCs. These effects support a homeostatic non-cytotoxic anticancer action of 1,25(OH)2D3 based on reprogramming of the phenotype of several cell types.
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Meeker SM, Seamons A, Treuting PM, Paik J, Brabb T, Hsu CC, Grady WM, Maggio-Price L. Effect of Chronic Vitamin D Deficiency on the Development and Severity of DSS-Induced Colon Cancer in Smad3-/- Mice. Comp Med 2020; 70:120-130. [PMID: 32014085 PMCID: PMC7137544 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both human epidemiologic data and animal studies suggest that low serum vitamin D increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and consequently IBD-associated colorectal cancer. We tested the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk for colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) by using an established CAC mouse model, 129-Smad3tm1Par/J (Smad3-/-) mice, which have defective transforming growth factor β-signaling and develop colitis and CAC after the administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). After determining a dietary regimen that induced chronic vitamin D deficiency in Smad3-/- mice, we assessed the effects of vitamin D deficiency on CAC. Decreasing dietary vitamin D from 1 IU/g diet (control diet) to 0.2 IU /g diet did not decrease serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in Smad3-/- mice. A diet devoid of vitamin D (< 0.02 IU/g diet [no added vitamin D]; vitamin D-null) significantly decreased serum 25(OH)D levels in mice after 2 wk (null compared with control diet: 8.4 mg/mL compared with 12.2 ng/mL) and further decreased serum levels to below the detection limit after 9 wk but did not affect weight gain, serum calcium levels, bone histology, or bone mineral density. In light of these results, Smad3-/- mice were fed a vitamin D-null diet and given DSS to induce colitis. Unexpectedly, DSS-treated Smad3-/- mice fed a vitamin D-null diet had improved survival, decreased colon tumor incidence (8% compared with 36%), and reduced the incidence and severity of colonic dysplasia compared with mice fed the control diet. These effects correlated with increased epithelial cell proliferation and repair early in the disease, perhaps reducing the likelihood of developing chronic colitis and progression to cancer. Our results indicate that vitamin D deficiency is beneficial in some cases of CAC, possibly by promoting intestinal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M Meeker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;,
| | - Audrey Seamons
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jisun Paik
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thea Brabb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charlie C Hsu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Lillian Maggio-Price
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Mohan IK, Khan SA, Shiva Krishna D, Vijaya Bhaskar M, Sai Baba KSS, Hussain T, Alrokayan SA, Naushad SM. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System-Based Exploration of the Interrelationships of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorus with Parathyroid Hormone Production. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 35:121-126. [PMID: 32071505 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The rationale of the current study was to assess the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency and hyperparathyroidism in South Indian population and to explore interrelationships of 25-OHD, Ca, P towards parathyroid hormone (PTH) production using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). A total of 407 subjects (228 men 179 women) with the mean age 56.8 ± 14.1 were tested for these parameters. In view of the skewed distribution of biochemical variables, data segregation was performed in tertiles and this data was trained to generate fuzzy interference system based on subclusters. The optimized model had 358 nodes and followed 44 fuzzy rules for prediction. This ANFIS model demonstrates that the deficiency of 25-OHD and Calcium triggers PTH production. PTH elevation is significant when Phosphorus is in the highest tertile. The associations observed by this model were consistent with the Kendall-Tau correlation matrix, which revealed inverse associations of Ca with P; and Ca with PTH and positive associations of P with PTH, and Ca with 25-OHD. Furthermore, the association statistics of the machine learning algorithm were also consistent, which suggested that depletion of Ca below 8.245 mg/dl was shown to elevate PTH levels greater than 167 pg/ml when P > 4.66. Subnormal depletion in 25-OHD (9.3-16.2 ng/ml) is associated with subnormal elevation in PTH (47-73.6 pg/ml). To conclude, ANFIS and machine learning algorithm are in agreement with each other in stating that 25-OHD deficiency triggers lower calcium levels, lower calcium and higher phosphorus trigger PTH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyyapu Krishna Mohan
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - Siraj Ahmed Khan
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - D Shiva Krishna
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - M Vijaya Bhaskar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - K S S Sai Baba
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- 2Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman A Alrokayan
- 3Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Mohammad Naushad
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Sandor Life sciences Pvt Ld, Banjara Hills, Road No 3, Hyderabad, 500034 India
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Al-Ghafari AB, Balamash KS, Al Doghaither HA. Serum vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels as a potential diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:827-832. [PMID: 32127758 PMCID: PMC7042625 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and there has been a significant increase in the incidence of CRC in recent decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify blood biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis. It is not yet clear whether the level of vitamin D and its receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR), in the blood are helpful factors in the diagnosis of CRC. Therefore, the study focuses on determining the VDR serum level’s contribution and other chemical parameters to the risk of CRC. A total of 189 Saudi participants (66 CRC patients and 123 control patients) aged 20–80 years old were enrolled in this case-control study. A serum sample was collected from each participant, and the levels of VDR and other bone profile tests were determined using ELISA or chemiluminescent assays. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results showed a highly significant reduction in the levels of total vitamin D (P < 0.0001), VDR (P < 0.0001), vitamin D3 (P < 0.05), and calcium (P < 0.0001) in the serum of CRC patients compared to the controls. However, the alkaline phosphatase level was higher in CRC patients compared to the controls (P < 0.0001). None of the blood markers showed a significant correlation to the progression of CRC (P > 0.05). More investigation is needed to elucidate different physiological processes that can be affected by these blood biomarkers, therefore changing the carcinogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat B Al-Ghafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 3270, Jeddah, 22252 Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 3270, Jeddah, 22252 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah S Balamash
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A Al Doghaither
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Milczarek M, Rossowska J, Klopotowska D, Stachowicz M, Kutner A, Wietrzyk J. Tacalcitol increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by downregulating the thymidylate synthase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 190:139-151. [PMID: 30923017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug that is most frequently used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but unfortunately it shows limited efficacy. We recently demonstrated that vitamin D analogs (VDAs), particularly tacalcitol (coded as PRI-2191), potentiate its anticancer activity in an in vivo mouse and human CRC model. The purpose of this study was to explain the mechanism underlying the enhancement of 5-FU efficacy by PRI-2191 towards human HT-29 CRC cells. We showed that PRI-2191 induces the CDKN1A (gene encoding p21Waf1/Cip1) expression directly through vitamin D receptor (VDR) in a p53-independent manner and thus decreases the thymidylate synthase expression both at the mRNA and protein level. It is the main mechanism by which PRI-2191 improves the anticancer efficacy of 5-FU towards HT-29 cells. Additionally, we indicated that the VDR also participates in 5-FU mechanism of action. 5-FU significantly increased TYMS (gene encoding thymidylate synthase (TS)) and BIRC5 (gene encoding survivin) level in HT-29 cells with silenced VDR. Furthermore, PRI-2191 induced E-cadherin and ZO-1 expression and thus reduced the level of BIRC5 in HT-29 cells. The induction of E-cadherin expression may also contribute to the reduction of c-Myc level and consequently the downregulation of TS. Our results also indicate that calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a role in the activity of PRI-2191 but has no influence on the 5-FU mechanism of action. In conclusion, we suggest that both VDR and CaSR might be useful as molecular markers for predicting treatment outcomes and identifying the CRC patient subgroups who might benefit from 5-FU-based chemotherapy combined with vitamin D analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Milczarek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rossowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Klopotowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Stachowicz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
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Buonomo AR, Scotto R, Zappulo E, Nerilli M, Pinchera B, Perruolo G, Formisano P, Nappa S, Gentile I. Severe Vitamin D Deficiency Increases Mortality Among Patients With Liver Cirrhosis Regardless of the Presence of HCC. In Vivo 2019; 33:177-182. [PMID: 30587620 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency (<10 mg/ml) and mortality in patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a cohort of patients with liver cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted among 345 patients with liver cirrhosis. RESULTS At enrolment, 46 (13.3%) patients had HCC. Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with mortality (p<0.01). At the survival analysis, alpha-fetoprotein >10 ng/ml (p=0.003), vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001), a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score ≥15 (p<0.001), Child-Pugh class B and C (versus A) (p<0.001) and the presence of active HCC (p<0.001) were strongly associated with death. At the multivariate Cox regression analysis, only Child-Pugh class B and C (versus A) and vitamin D deficiency were found to be significantly associated with death during the follow-up period (p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with HCC, it is associated with active HCC and it negatively affects the overall survival of patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riccardo Buonomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scotto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zappulo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Nerilli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nappa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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11
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Hannan FM, Kallay E, Chang W, Brandi ML, Thakker RV. The calcium-sensing receptor in physiology and in calcitropic and noncalcitropic diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 15:33-51. [PMID: 30443043 PMCID: PMC6535143 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a dimeric family C G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid glands and the kidneys and signals via G proteins and β-arrestin. The CaSR has a pivotal role in bone and mineral metabolism, as it regulates parathyroid hormone secretion, urinary Ca2+ excretion, skeletal development and lactation. The importance of the CaSR for these calcitropic processes is highlighted by loss-of-function and gain-of-function CaSR mutations that cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia, respectively, and also by the fact that alterations in parathyroid CaSR expression contribute to the pathogenesis of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, the CaSR is an established therapeutic target for hyperparathyroid disorders. The CaSR is also expressed in organs not involved in Ca2+ homeostasis: it has noncalcitropic roles in lung and neuronal development, vascular tone, gastrointestinal nutrient sensing, wound healing and secretion of insulin and enteroendocrine hormones. Furthermore, the abnormal expression or function of the CaSR is implicated in cardiovascular and neurological diseases, as well as in asthma, and the CaSR is reported to protect against colorectal cancer and neuroblastoma but increase the malignant potential of prostate and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadil M Hannan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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12
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Iamartino L, Elajnaf T, Kallay E, Schepelmann M. Calcium-sensing receptor in colorectal inflammation and cancer: Current insights and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4119-4131. [PMID: 30271078 PMCID: PMC6158479 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is best known for its action in the parathyroid gland and kidneys where it controls body calcium homeostasis. However, the CaSR has different roles in the gastrointestinal tract, where it is ubiquitously expressed. In the colon, the CaSR is involved in controlling multiple mechanisms, including fluid transport, inflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation. Although the expression pattern and functions of the CaSR in the colonic microenvironment are far from being completely understood, evidence has been accumulating that the CaSR might play a protective role against both colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer. For example, CaSR agonists such as dipeptides have been suggested to reduce colonic inflammation, while dietary calcium was shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. CaSR expression is lost in colonic malignancies, indicating that the CaSR is a biomarker for colonic cancer progression. This dual anti-inflammatory and anti-tumourigenic role of the CaSR makes it especially interesting in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. In this review, we describe the clinical and experimental evidence for the role of the CaSR in colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer, the intracellular signalling pathways which are putatively involved in these actions, and the possibilities to exploit these actions of the CaSR for future therapies of colonic inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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13
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Yang W, Liu L, Masugi Y, Qian ZR, Nishihara R, Keum N, Wu K, Smith-Warner SA, Ma Y, Nowak JA, Momen-Heravi F, Zhang L, Bowden M, Morikawa T, da Silva A, Wang M, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Ng K, Giovannucci E, Ogino S, Zhang X. Calcium intake and risk of colorectal cancer according to expression status of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR). Gut 2018; 67:1475-1483. [PMID: 28676564 PMCID: PMC5754263 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although evidence suggests an inverse association between calcium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer, the mechanisms remain unclear. The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is expressed abundantly in normal colonic epithelium and may influence carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that calcium intake might be associated with lower risk of CASR-positive, but not CASR-negative, colorectal cancer. DESIGN We assessed tumour CASR protein expression using immunohistochemistry in 779 incident colon and rectal cancer cases that developed among 136 249 individuals in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Duplication method Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess associations of calcium intake with incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma subtypes by CASR status. RESULTS Total calcium intake was inversely associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer (ptrend=0.01, comparing ≥1200 vs <600 mg/day: multivariable HR=0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.95). For the same comparison, higher total calcium intake was associated with a lower risk of CASR-positive tumours (ptrend=0.003, multivariable HR=0.67, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.86) but not with CASR-negative tumours (ptrend=0.67, multivariable HR=1.15, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.78; pheterogeneity=0.06 between the CASR subtypes). The stronger inverse associations of calcium intake with CASR-positive but not CASR-negative tumours generally appeared consistent regardless of sex, tumour location and source of calcium. CONCLUSIONS Our molecular pathological epidemiology data suggest a causal relationship between higher calcium intake and lower colorectal cancer risk, and a potential role of CASR in mediating antineoplastic effect of calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshui Yang
- Department of Social Science and Public Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Periodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Libin Zhang
- Institute for Community Inclusion, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Zhu Y, Chen P, Gao Y, Ta N, Zhang Y, Cai J, Zhao Y, Liu S, Zheng J. MEG3 Activated by Vitamin D Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cells Proliferation and Migration via Regulating Clusterin. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:148-157. [PMID: 29628342 PMCID: PMC5952405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is frequently dysregulated in human cancers; however, its roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) development are largely unknown. Here, we reported that MEG3 was down-regulated in CRC tissues and CRC patients with lower MEG3 showed poorer overall survival and disease-free survival than those with higher MEG3 level. MEG3 over-expression represses CRC cells proliferation and migration in vivo and in vitro, while MEG3 knockdown leads to the enhanced proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. In CRC cells, MEG3 over-expression is related to decreased Clusterin mRNA and the corresponding protein levels, and it also directly binds to Clusterin protein through its 732–1174 region. In further, Clusterin over-expression rescues the compromised abilities of proliferation and metastasis induced by MEG3 over-expression, suggesting that MEG3 inhibits the CRC progression through regulating the Clusterin activities. Additionally, we found that 1α,25-(OH)2D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) stimulate MEG3 expression in CRC cells through directly binding to its promoter. These results suggested that MEG3 functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC via regulating the Clusterin activities and may underlie the anticancer activities of vitamin D on CRC cells. The VDR/MEG3/Clusterin signaling pathway may serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognosis biomarkers for CRC patients in future. MEG3 serves as a novel CRC prognosis biomarker and a potential therapeutic target. MEG3 over-expression represses CRC cells proliferation and metastatic features. MEG3 has a role in Clusterin expression and activity down-regulation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. VDR activated MEG3 expression via directly binding to MEG3 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Peizhan Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201821, PR China
| | - Yisha Gao
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Na Ta
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yunshuo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jialin Cai
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201821, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Office of Shanghai Administrative Committee for Laboratory Animal, Shanghai, Laboratory Animals Research Center, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Shupeng Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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15
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Protective Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 on Pepsin-Trypsin-Resistant Gliadin-Induced Tight Junction Injuries. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:92-104. [PMID: 28871457 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight junction (TJ) injuries induced by pepsin-trypsin-resistant gliadin (PT-G) play an important role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Previously, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (VD3) was reported to be a TJ regulator that attenuates lipopolysaccharide- and alcohol-induced TJ injuries. However, whether VD3 can attenuate PT-G-induced TJ injuries is unknown. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of VD3 on PT-G-induced TJ injuries. METHODS Caco-2 monolayers were used as in vitro models. After being cultured for 21 days, the monolayers were treated with PT-G plus different concentrations of VD3. Then, the changes in trans-epithelial electrical resistance and FITC-dextran 4000 (FD-4) flux were determined to evaluate the monolayer barrier function. TJ protein levels were measured to assess TJ injury severity, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression and zonulin release levels were determined to estimate zonulin release signaling pathway activity. Additionally, a gluten-sensitized mouse model was established as an in vivo model. After the mice were treated with VD3 for 7 days, we measured serum FD-4 concentrations, TJ protein levels, MyD88 expression, and zonulin release levels to confirm the effect of VD3. RESULTS Both in vitro and in vivo, VD3 significantly attenuated the TJ injury-related increase in intestinal mucosa barrier permeability. Moreover, VD3 treatment up-regulated TJ protein expression levels and significantly decreased MyD88 expression and zonulin release levels. CONCLUSIONS VD3 has protective effects against PT-G-induced TJ injuries both in vitro and in vivo, which may correlate with the disturbance of the MyD88-dependent zonulin release signaling pathway.
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16
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Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds the secosteroid hormone 1,25(OH)2D3 with high affinity and regulates gene programs that control a serum calcium levels, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. A significant focus has been to exploit the VDR in cancer settings. Although preclinical studies have been strongly encouraging, to date clinical trials have delivered equivocal findings that have paused the clinical translation of these compounds. However, it is entirely possible that mining of genomic data will help to refine precisely what are the key anticancer actions of vitamin D compounds and where these can be used most effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moray J Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 536 Parks Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Donald L Trump
- Department of Medicine, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, 3221 Gallows Road, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
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17
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Xie R, Xu J, Xiao Y, Wu J, Wan H, Tang B, Liu J, Fan Y, Wang S, Wu Y, Dong TX, Zhu MX, Carethers JM, Dong H, Yang S. Calcium Promotes Human Gastric Cancer via a Novel Coupling of Calcium-Sensing Receptor and TRPV4 Channel. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6499-6512. [PMID: 28951460 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although dietary calcium intake has long been recommended for disease prevention, the influence of calcium in development of cancer in the upper gastrointestinal tract has not been explored. Here, we assess the roles of calcium and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in gastric cancer development. CaSR expression was enhanced in gastric cancer specimens, which positively correlated with serum calcium concentrations, tumor progression, poor survival, and male gender in gastric cancer patients. CaSR and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) were colocalized in gastric cancer cells, and CaSR activation evoked TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ entry. Both CaSR and TRPV4 were involved in Ca2+-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells through a Ca2+/AKT/β-catenin relay, which occurred only in gastric cancer cells or normal cells overexpressing CaSR. Tumor growth and metastasis of gastric cancer depended on CaSR in nude mice. Overall, our findings indicate that calcium may enhance expression and function of CaSR to potentially promote gastric cancer, and that targeting the novel CaSR/TRPV4/Ca2+ pathway might serve as preventive or therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6499-512. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jilin Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanxing Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yahan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tobias Xiao Dong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John M Carethers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Calcium sensing receptor protects high glucose-induced energy metabolism disorder via blocking gp78-ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2799. [PMID: 28518143 PMCID: PMC5520714 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication and fatal cause of the patients with diabetes. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor, which is involved in maintaining calcium homeostasis, regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, and so on. In our previous study, we found that CaSR expression, intracellular calcium levels and cardiac function were all significantly decreased in DCM rats; however, the exact mechanism are not clear yet. The present study revealed the protective role of CaSR in myocardial energy metabolism disorder induced by high glucose (HG) as well as the underlying mechanism. Here, we demonstrated that HG decreased the expression of CaSR, mitochondrial fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2), cell gap junction related proteins (Cx43, β-catenin, N-cadherin), and intracellular ATP concentration. In contrast, HG increased extracellular ATP concentration, the expression of gp78, mitochondrial fission proteins (Fis1, Drp1), and the ubiquitination levels of Mfn1, Mfn2 and Cx43. Moreover, CaSR agonist and gp78-siRNA significantly reduced the above changes. Taken together, these results suggest that HG induces myocardial energy metabolism disorder via decrease of CaSR expression, and activation of gp78-ubiquitin proteasome system. In turn, these effects disrupt the structure and function of the mitochondria and the cell gap junction, result in the reduced ATP synthesis and the increased ATP leakage. Stimulation of CaSR significantly attenuates HG-induced abnormal myocardial energy metabolism, suggesting CaSR would be a promising potential therapeutic target for DCM.
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19
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Uchida K, Tanaka Y, Ichikawa H, Watanabe M, Mitani S, Morita K, Fujii H, Ishikawa M, Yoshino G, Okinaga H, Nagae G, Aburatani H, Ikeda Y, Susa T, Tamamori-Adachi M, Fukusato T, Uozaki H, Okazaki T, Iizuka M. An Excess of CYP24A1, Lack of CaSR, and a Novel lncRNA Near the PTH Gene Characterize an Ectopic PTH-Producing Tumor. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:691-711. [PMID: 29264523 PMCID: PMC5686629 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thus far, only 23 cases of the ectopic production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been reported. We have characterized the genome-wide transcription profile of an ectopic PTH-producing tumor originating from a retroperitoneal histiocytoma. We found that the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) was barely expressed in the tumor. Lack of CaSR, a crucial braking apparatus in the presence of both intraparathyroid and, probably, serendipitous PTH expression, might contribute strongly to the establishment and maintenance of the ectopic transcriptional activation of the PTH gene in nonparathyroid cells. Along with candidate drivers with a crucial frameshift mutation or copy number variation at specific chromosomal areas obtained from whole exome sequencing, we identified robust tumor-specific cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1) overproduction, which was not observed in other non–PTH-expressing retroperitoneal histiocytoma and parathyroid adenoma samples. We then found a 2.5-kb noncoding RNA in the PTH 3′-downstream region that was exclusively present in the parathyroid adenoma and our tumor. Such a co-occurrence might act as another driver of ectopic PTH-producing tumorigenesis; both might release the control of PTH gene expression by shutting down the other branches of the safety system (e.g., CaSR and the vitamin D3–vitamin D receptor axis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Uchida
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.,Department of General Practice, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of General Practice, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mitani
- Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koji Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, Tokyo 154-8532, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishikawa
- Diabetes and Arteriosclerosis, Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan
| | - Gen Yoshino
- Center for Diabetes, Shinsuma General Hospital, Hyogo 654-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okinaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Genta Nagae
- Genome Science Laboratory Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Laboratory Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Susa
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Mimi Tamamori-Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukusato
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uozaki
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Tomoki Okazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Iizuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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