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Renostro-Souza A, Fonseca-Souza G, Küchler EC, Vasconcelos KRF, Feltrin-Souza J, Kirschneck C, Matsumoto MAN, Lepri CP, Oliveira MAHDM, Thedei G. Association of defects of enamel with polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and parathyroid hormone genes. Braz Dent J 2024; 35:e245900. [PMID: 38922252 PMCID: PMC11196029 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202405900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Orthodontic patients receiving treatment at a dental school were selected through convenience sampling. Intra-oral photographs were used to assess DDE, which were classified according to the criteria proposed by Ghanim et al. (2015) by a single calibrated examiner (Kappa>0.80). Enamel hypoplasia, molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), hypomimineralized second primary molar (HSPM), and non-MIH/HSPM demarcated opacities were considered for the analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells. The SNPs in VDR (rs7975232) and PHT (rs694, rs6256, and rs307247) were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Statistical analyses were performed using the PLINK software (version 1.03, designed by Shaun Purcell, EUA). Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were performed at a significance level of 5%. Ninety-one (n=91) patients (49 females and 42 males) (mean age of 14.1±5.8 years) were included. The frequency of DDE was 38.5% (35 patients). Genotype distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant statistical association was found between DDE and the SNPs evaluated. A borderline association (p=0.09) was observed between DDE and the CC haplotype for SNP rs7975232 in VDR. In conclusion, the selected SNPs in VDR and PTH genes were not associated with DDE in the studied samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Geraldo Thedei
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Sirigala L, Ramani P, G P, Ramalingam K. Prevalence of Dental and Skeletal Fluorosis Among School Children in Rural Areas of YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Cureus 2023; 15:e51288. [PMID: 38288167 PMCID: PMC10824368 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Andhra Pradesh (AP) is one of the states in India found to have districts with endemic fluoride and YSR Kadapa district is one among them. Fluorosis is a well-known endemic disease affecting the hard tissues of the human body like teeth and bone and soft tissues like the kidneys, gastrointestinal system, nervous system, etc. Dental fluorosis is being proven as a biomarker for exposure to fluoride. This study evaluated the toxicity of fluoride in drinking water on the teeth (dental fluorosis) and on the bones (skeletal fluorosis) in YSR Kadapa district, AP. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was done in schools in the study areas and a total of 488 school children aged between eight to 14 years were screened for fluorosis. Consent from parents or legal representatives was taken. The information regarding personal details, source of drinking water, diet, and socio-demographic characteristics was obtained from children through a questionnaire. Oral examination of teeth was done to assess dental fluorosis by the Deans's fluorosis index and a general physical examination to assess skeletal fluorosis as per guidelines given by the Central Government of India in the National Program for Prevention of Fluorosis in India. Fluoride in drinking water samples and urine samples of school children was assessed by a fluoride ion meter. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25, (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Descriptive statistics were used to assess the percentage distribution and Chi-square test of Independence for comparison between variables. Results The mean fluoride levels in water in the study areas ranged between 1.5mg/l to 4.2mg/l and there was a prevalence of 44.05% dental fluorosis and 0% skeletal fluorosis in the school children. A total of 48.47% of girls and 40.64% of boys were affected with dental fluorosis. A prevalence of 23.06% mild, 22.1% moderate, 5.31% very mild, and 4.55% severe dental fluorosis was observed in the examined children. Conclusion Our study results showed the presence of dental fluorosis with no clinical evidence of skeletal fluorosis among school children in the YSR Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. This indicates the fluoride toxicity on teeth in children confirming the exposure to fluoride in the YSR Kadapa district. So, further long-term follow-up surveys are necessary to evaluate skeletal fluorosis in these children though there was no clinical skeletal fluorosis. This highlights that measures need to be enforced by the local governance for the supply of defluorinated water in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Sirigala
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Priyadharshini G
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Samuel SR, Lai CWM, Khan MM, Mathew MG, Kramer MS, Hsu CYS. Gestational Serum Retinol Deficiency Is Associated with Enamel Hypoplasia. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1417-1424. [PMID: 37899507 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Enamel hypoplasia (EH) is a prevalent developmental defect of teeth that can result from various insults, including prenatal nutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between prenatal serum retinol deficiency and EH in the deciduous teeth of offspring at 2-y of age. A cohort of 1,450 pregnant women was enrolled, and their prenatal nutritional status was assessed between 12 and 14 wk of gestation. Maternal serum retinol, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), hemoglobin, body mass index, and birth outcomes, infant feeding practices, family socioeconomic status, and demographic information were recorded. Oral health examinations were conducted for the children semiannually, and EH was diagnosed using the Modified DDE index on all the surfaces of erupted teeth. A modified Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the cumulative risk of EH over a period of 2-y. A total of 920 (63.4%) mother-child pairs completed the study, and the cumulative EH prevalence among offspring after 2-y of follow-up was 16.5% (N = 152; 87/1,114 children in the first year and 132/920 in the second year, with 20/920 having EH only in the first year). After adjusting for potential confounders, maternal serum retinol deficiency significantly increased the risk of deciduous EH (risk ratio [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.7). In addition, deficient serum 25OHD (RR, 6.5; 95% CI, 4.0-10.7), caesarean delivery (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.4), Muslim (RR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.1) and Christian (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.5) versus Hindu religions, and very preterm birth (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9) increased the risk of EH. Children presenting with EH had 2 or more teeth affected, and the maxillary incisors were the most frequently affected, followed by the first primary molars and canines. In conclusion, maternal serum retinol deficiency during the 12 to 14 wk of gestation may increase the risk of deciduous EH, besides the well-established 25OHD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Samuel
- The Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C W M Lai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M M Khan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - M G Mathew
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - M S Kramer
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - C-Y S Hsu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Maggio MC, Miniaci A, Gallizzi R, Civino A. "Neuroimmunoendocrinology" in Children with Rheumatic Diseases: How Glucocorticoids Are the Orchestra Director. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13192. [PMID: 37685999 PMCID: PMC10487400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural, the endocrine, and the immune systems are studied as distinct districts in physiological and pathological settings. However, these systems must be investigated with an integrative approach, while also considering that therapeutic agents, such as glucocorticoids, can induce a reversible or irreversible change of this homeostasis. Children and adolescents affected by rheumatic diseases frequently need treatment with corticosteroids, and the treatment must sometimes be continued for a long time. In the biological era, the treat-to-target strategy allowed a real revolution in treatment, with significant steroid dose sparing or, in many patients, steroid treatment withdrawal. In this review, the impact of glucocorticoids on endocrine, immune, and neurologic targets is analyzed, and the crosstalk between these systems is highlighted. In this narrative review, we explore the reasoning as to why glucocorticoids can disrupt this homeostasis, we summarize some of the key results supporting the impact of glucocorticoids treatment on endocrine, immune, and neurologic systems, and we discuss the data reported in the international literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Maggio
- University Department PROMISE “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Angela Miniaci
- Paediatric Rheumatology, UOC of Paediatrics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Romina Gallizzi
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Health Science, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Adele Civino
- Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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Bui AT, Houari S, Loiodice S, Bazin D, Sadoine J, Roubier N, Vennat E, Tran TT, Berdal A, Ricort JM, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Babajko S. Use of Dental Defects Associated with Low-Dose di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate as an Early Marker of Exposure to Environmental Toxicants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:67003. [PMID: 35730944 PMCID: PMC9215264 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Markers of exposure to environmental toxicants are urgently needed. Tooth enamel, with its unique properties, is able to record certain environmental conditions during its formation. Enamel formation and quality are dependent on hormonal regulation and environmental conditions, including exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Among EDCs, phthalates such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) raise concerns about their contribution to various pathologies, including those of mineralized tissues. OBJECTIVES The effects of exposure to low-doses of DEHP on the continually growing incisors were analyzed in mouse males and females. METHODS Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed daily to 0.5, 5, and 50μg/kg per day DEHP for 12 wk and their incisors clinically examined. Incisors of males were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-computed tomography; μCT), and nanoindentation for the enamel, histology and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the dental epithelium. RESULTS Clinical macroscopic observations of incisors showed various dose-dependent dental lesions such as opacities, scratches, and enamel breakdown in 30.5% of males (10 of 34 total incisors across three independent experiments), and 15.6% of females (7 of 46 incisors) at the highest dose, among which 18.1% (6 of 34 total incisors across three independent experiments) and 8.9% (4 of 46 incisors), respectively, had broken incisors. SEM showed an altered enamel surface and ultrastructure in DEHP-exposed male mice. Further characterization of the enamel defects in males by μCT showed a lower mineral density than controls, and nanoindentation showed a lower enamel hardness during all stages of enamel mineralization, with more pronounced alterations in the external part of the enamel. A delay in enamel mineralization was shown by several approaches (μCT, histology, and RT-qPCR). DISCUSSION We conclude that DEHP disrupted enamel development in mice by directly acting on dental cells with higher prevalence and severity in males than in females. The time window of DEHP effects on mouse tooth development led to typical alterations of structural, biochemical, and mechanical properties of enamel comparable to other EDCs, such as bisphenol A. The future characterization of dental defects in humans and animals due to environmental toxicants might be helpful in proposing them as early markers of exposure to such molecules. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Thu Bui
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sophia Houari
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophia Loiodice
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bazin
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jérémy Sadoine
- EA 2496 Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Nicolas Roubier
- Laboratory of Mechanics of Soils, Structures and Materials, Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Centrale-Supélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Elsa Vennat
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1196, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Thu Thuy Tran
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Ho Chi Minh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ricort
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Neuroscience Paris Seine–Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Everett ET. Invited Perspective: A Wise Choice: Using Murine Models to Demonstrate Dental Effects following Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:61301. [PMID: 35730961 PMCID: PMC9215263 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Everett
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Mohabatpour F, Chen X, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Novel trends, challenges and new perspectives for enamel repair and regeneration to treat dental defects. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3062-3087. [PMID: 35543379 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00072e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dental enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, providing external protection for the tooth against masticatory forces, temperature changes and chemical stimuli. Once enamel is damaged/altered by genetic defects, dental caries, trauma, and/or dental wear, it cannot repair itself due to the loss of enamel producing cells following the tooth eruption. The current restorative dental materials are unable to replicate physico-mechanical, esthetic features and crystal structures of the native enamel. Thus, development of alternative approaches to repair and regenerate enamel defects is much needed but remains challenging due to the structural and functional complexities involved. This review paper summarizes the clinical aspects to be taken into consideration for the development of optimal therapeutic approaches to tackle dental enamel defects. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging acellular and cellular approaches proposed for enamel remineralization and regeneration. Acellular approaches aim to artificially synthesize or re-mineralize enamel, whereas cell-based strategies aim to mimic the natural process of enamel development given that epithelial cells can be stimulated to produce enamel postnatally during the adult life. The key issues and current challenges are also discussed here, along with new perspectives for future research to advance the field of regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd B419, S7N 0 W8, SK, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
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Sabri B, Brejawi M, Venkiteswaran A, Ergieg SO. Correlation between molar-incisor hypomineralization, stress, and family functioning. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2022; 12:547-553. [DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_105_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kovacs CS, Chaussain C, Osdoby P, Brandi ML, Clarke B, Thakker RV. The role of biomineralization in disorders of skeletal development and tooth formation. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:336-349. [PMID: 33948016 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The major mineralized tissues are bone and teeth, which share several mechanisms governing their development and mineralization. This crossover includes the hormones that regulate circulating calcium and phosphate concentrations, and the genes that regulate the differentiation and transdifferentiation of cells. In developing endochondral bone and in developing teeth, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) acts in chondrocytes to delay terminal differentiation, thereby increasing the pool of precursor cells. Chondrocytes and (in specific circumstances) pre-odontoblasts can also transdifferentiate into osteoblasts. Moreover, bone and teeth share outcomes when affected by systemic disorders of mineral homeostasis or of the extracellular matrix, and by adverse effects of treatments such as bisphosphonates and fluoride. Unlike bone, teeth have more permanent effects from systemic disorders because they are not remodelled after they are formed. This Review discusses the normal processes of bone and tooth development, followed by disorders that have effects on both bone and teeth, versus disorders that have effects in one without affecting the other. The takeaway message is that bone specialists should know when to screen for dental disorders, just as dental specialists should recognize when a tooth disorder should raise suspicions about a possible underlying bone disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Kovacs
- Faculty of Medicine - Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | | | - Philip Osdoby
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Biochemical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Bart Clarke
- Mayo Clinic Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Fernée C, Zakrzewski S, Robson Brown K. Dimorphism in dental tissues: Sex differences in archaeological individuals for multiple tooth types. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 175:106-127. [PMID: 33247477 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dimorphism in the dentition has been observed in human populations worldwide. However, research has largely focused on traditional linear crown measurements. As imaging systems, such as micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), become increasingly more accessible, new dental measurements such as dental tissue size and proportions can be obtained. This research investigates the variation of dental tissues and proportions by sex in archaeological samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Upper and lower first incisor to second premolar tooth rows were obtained from 30 individuals (n = 300), from 3 archaeological samples. The teeth were micro-CT scanned and surface area and volumetric measurements were obtained from the surface meshes extracted. Dental wear was also recorded and differences between sexes determined. RESULTS Enamel and crown measurements were found to be larger in females. Conversely, dentine and root measurements were larger in males. DISCUSSION The findings support the potential use of dental tissues to estimate sex of individuals from archaeological samples, while also indicating that individuals aged using current dental aging methods may be underaged or overaged due to sex differences in enamel thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianne Fernée
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sonia Zakrzewski
- Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate Robson Brown
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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11
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Quade L, Chazot PL, Gowland R. Desperately seeking stress: A pilot study of cortisol in archaeological tooth structures. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 174:532-541. [PMID: 33026108 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced through activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. It is known as the "stress hormone" for its primary role in the body's stress response and has been the focus of much modern clinical research. Within archaeology, only a few studies have analyzed cortisol in human remains and these have been restricted to hair (Webb et al., 2010; Webb, White, van Uum, & Longstaffe, 2015a; Webb, White, van Uum, & Longstaffe, 2015b). This study examines the utility of dentine and enamel, which survive well archaeologically, as possible reservoirs for detectable levels of cortisol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Then, 69 teeth from 65 individuals from five Roman and Post-Roman sites in France were tested via competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess and quantify the cortisol concentrations present within tooth dentine and enamel. RESULTS In both tooth dentine and enamel, detectable concentrations of cortisol were identified in multiple teeth. However, concentrations were low and not all teeth yielded results that were measurable through cortisol ELISA. Differences in cortisol values between dentine and enamel could suggest different uptake mechanisms or timing. DISCUSSION These results suggest that cortisol is incorporated within tooth structures and merits further investigation in both modern and archaeological contexts. Analysis of the results through liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry would verify current results and might yield values that could be better integrated with published cortisol studies. Future studies of cortisol in tooth structures would greatly expand the research potential of cortisol in the past and could have implications for studies of human stress across deep time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Quade
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Paul L Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
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12
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Hernandez M, Mendioroz J. Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation and Allergic March. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:130-135. [PMID: 32801371 PMCID: PMC7362738 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/2/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molar-incisor hypomineralisation is a disturbance in dental development that involves first permanent molars as well as permanent incisors with a prevalence that ranges from 2.5% to 40%. Aim The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of atopic diseases on the development of molar-incisor hypomineralisation. Material and methods The study was based on the review of the medical records of a group of 102 children whose age was between eight and 12 years and 11 months and who had previously been diagnosed with MIH. Results An association (χ2, p≤0.05) has been found between molar-incisor hypomineralisation in children's mouths and the existence of: atopic dermatitis (OR=2.504; 1.54-4.05 CI 95%), food allergies (OR=2.171; 1.03-4.56 CI 95%), allergic rhinitis (OR=0.17; 0.02-1.27 CI 95%), and asthmatic bronchitis/asthma (OR=1.707; 1.05-2.76 CI 95%). When analyzing the pathologies by location, we found that atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis and asthma were more frequent in children who had (p≤0.05) #12, #11, #21, #22, #36, #31, #41 and #42 affected. Conclusions The association between molar-incisor hypomineralisation and the presence of atopic diseases in the first 36 months of life underlines the convenience of approaching this problem from a multidisciplinary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacobo Mendioroz
- Research Suport Unit. University Institute for Research in Primary Care (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
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Babajko S, Gayrard V, Houari S, Thu Bui A, Barouki R, Niederreither K, Fini JB, Dursun E, Coumoul X. [Oral cavity as a target and a marker of environmental exposures: developmental dental defects]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:225-230. [PMID: 32228840 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is one of the main route for environmental contaminations associated to many chronic diseases (cancers, fertility and behavior disorders for example) via alimentation, medications and respiration. These environmental factors including, among others, endocrine disruptors and excessive fluoride can disrupt dental development and thus generate irreversible enamel defects. These defects are then treated with materials that may release molecules capable of generating these defects, leading to a vicious circle, particularly in pregnant women and young children. The present paper aims to review the state of knowledge, questions and controversies on common environmental factors in contact with the oral cavity. It also reviews their mechanisms of action and the mediators involved in enamel pathologies associated with environmental conditions. Dental tissues can not only be targeted by environmental factors but can also serve as early and easily accessible markers of exposure to these agents. Understanding and characterizing the environmental impact in the oral cavity will help to prevent multiple diseases, oral and distant, whose link with oral homeostasis is just being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Babajko
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMRS 1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophia Houari
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMRS 1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Ai Thu Bui
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMRS 1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Inserm UMRS 1124, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Dursun
- Unité de Recherche en Biomatériaux Innovants et Interfaces EA4462, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge ; Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Inserm UMRS 1124, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
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14
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Racz R, Nagy A, Rakonczay Z, Dunavari EK, Gerber G, Varga G. Defense Mechanisms Against Acid Exposure by Dental Enamel Formation, Saliva and Pancreatic Juice Production. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:2012-2022. [PMID: 29769002 PMCID: PMC6225347 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180515125654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas, the salivary glands and the dental enamel producing ameloblasts have marked developmental, structural and functional similarities. One of the most striking similarities is their bicarbonate-rich secretory product, serving acid neutralization. An important difference between them is that while pancreatic juice and saliva are delivered into a lumen where they can be collected and analyzed, ameloblasts produce locally precipitating hydroxyapatite which cannot be easily studied. Interestingly, the ion and protein secretion by the pancreas, the salivary glands, and maturation ameloblasts are all two-step processes, of course with significant differences too. As they all have to defend against acid exposure by producing extremely large quantities of bicarbonate, the failure of this function leads to deteriorating consequences. The aim of the present review is to describe and characterize the defense mechanisms of the pancreas, the salivary glands and enamel-producing ameloblasts against acid exposure and to compare their functional capabilities to do this by producing bicarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Racz
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Akos Nagy
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Katalin Dunavari
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gabor Gerber
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Yaguchi T. The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A promotes nuclear ERRγ translocation, facilitating cell proliferation of Grade I endometrial cancer cells via EGF-dependent and EGF-independent pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 452:41-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Houari S, Babajko S, Loiodice S, Berdal A, Jedeon K. Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29658923 DOI: 10.3791/57081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enamel defects resulting from environmental conditions and ways of life are public health concerns because of their high prevalence. These defects result from altered activity of cells responsible for enamel synthesis named ameloblasts, which present in enamel organ. During amelogenesis, ameloblasts follow a specific and precise sequence of events of proliferation, differentiation, and death. A rat continually growing incisors is a suitable experimental model to study ameloblast activity and differentiation stages in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we describe a reliable and consistent method to micro-dissect enamel organ of rats exposed to environmental toxicants. The micro-dissected dental epithelia contain secretion- and maturation-stage ameloblasts that may be used for qualitative experiments, such as immunohistochemistry assays and in situ hybridization, as well as for quantitative analyses such as RT-qPCR, RNA-seq, and Western blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Houari
- Institut National de la Santé et Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Paris-Diderot University, Pierre & Marie Curie University, Paris-Descartes University, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Cordeliers Research Centre; Unit of Formation and Research (UFR) of Odontology, Paris-Diderot University
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Institut National de la Santé et Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Paris-Diderot University, Pierre & Marie Curie University, Paris-Descartes University, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Cordeliers Research Centre; Unit of Formation and Research (UFR) of Odontology, Paris-Diderot University;
| | - Sophia Loiodice
- Institut National de la Santé et Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Paris-Diderot University, Pierre & Marie Curie University, Paris-Descartes University, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Cordeliers Research Centre; Unit of Formation and Research (UFR) of Odontology, Paris-Diderot University
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Institut National de la Santé et Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Paris-Diderot University, Pierre & Marie Curie University, Paris-Descartes University, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Cordeliers Research Centre; Unit of Formation and Research (UFR) of Odontology, Paris-Diderot University
| | - Katia Jedeon
- Institut National de la Santé et Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Paris-Diderot University, Pierre & Marie Curie University, Paris-Descartes University, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Cordeliers Research Centre; Unit of Formation and Research (UFR) of Odontology, Paris-Diderot University
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17
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Le MH, Nakano Y, Abduweli Uyghurturk D, Zhu L, Den Besten PK. Fluoride Alters Klk4 Expression in Maturation Ameloblasts through Androgen and Progesterone Receptor Signaling. Front Physiol 2017; 8:925. [PMID: 29249975 PMCID: PMC5715335 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorosed maturation stage enamel is hypomineralized in part due to a delay in the removal of matrix proteins to inhibit final crystal growth. The delay in protein removal is likely related to reduced expression of kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4), resulting in a reduced matrix proteinase activity that found in fluorosed enamel. Klk4 transcription is known to be regulated in other cell types by androgen receptor (AR) and progesterone receptors (PR). In this study, we determined the possible role of fluoride in down-regulation of KLK4 expression through changes in AR and PR. Immunohistochemical localization showed that both AR and PR nuclear translocation was suppressed in fluoride exposed mice. However, when AR signaling was silenced in mouse ameloblast-lineage cells (ALCs), expression of both Pgr and Klk4 were increased. Similar to the effect from AR silencing, fluoride also upregulated Pgr in ALCs, but downregulated Klk4. This finding suggests that though suppression of AR transactivation by fluoride increases Prg expression, inhibition of PR transactivation by fluoride has a much greater effect, ultimately resulting in downregulation of Klk4 expression. These findings indicate that in ameloblasts, PR has a dominant role in regulating Klk4 expression. We found that when AR was retained in the cytoplasm in the presence of fluoride, that co-localized with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a well-known chaperone for steroid hormone receptors. HSP90 also known to regulate TGF-β signaling. Consistent with the effect of fluoride on AR and HSP90, we found evidence of reduced TGF-β signaling activity in fluorosed ameloblasts as reduced immunolocalization of TGFB1 and TGFBR-2 and a significant increase in Cyclin D1 mRNA expression, which also possibly contributes to the reduced AR signaling activity. In vitro, when serum was removed from the media, aluminum was required for fluoride to inhibit the dissociation of HSP90 from AR. In conclusion, fluoride related downregulation of Klk4 is associated with reduced nuclear translocation of AR and PR, and also reduced TGF-β signaling activity, all of which are regulated by HSP90. We suggest that a common mechanism by which fluoride affects AR, PR, and TGF-β signaling is through inhibiting ATP-dependent conformational cycling of HSP90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Le
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dawud Abduweli Uyghurturk
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pamela K Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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18
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Varga G, DenBesten P, Rácz R, Zsembery Á. Importance of bicarbonate transport in pH control during amelogenesis - need for functional studies. Oral Dis 2017; 24:879-890. [PMID: 28834043 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dental enamel, the hardest mammalian tissue, is produced by ameloblasts. Ameloblasts show many similarities to other transporting epithelia although their secretory product, the enamel matrix, is quite different. Ameloblasts direct the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals, which liberate large quantities of protons that then need to be buffered to allow mineralization to proceed. Buffering requires a tight pH regulation and secretion of bicarbonate by ameloblasts. Many investigations have used immunohistochemical and knockout studies to determine the effects of these genes on enamel formation, but up till recently very little functional data were available for mineral ion transport. To address this, we developed a novel 2D in vitro model using HAT-7 ameloblast cells. HAT-7 cells can be polarized and develop functional tight junctions. Furthermore, they are able to accumulate bicarbonate ions from the basolateral to the apical fluid spaces. We propose that in the future, the HAT-7 2D system along with similar cellular models will be useful to functionally model ion transport processes during amelogenesis. Additionally, we also suggest that similar approaches will allow a better understanding of the regulation of the cycling process in maturation-stage ameloblasts, and the pH sensory mechanisms, which are required to develop sound, healthy enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - P DenBesten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Rácz
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Á Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Babajko S, Jedeon K, Houari S, Loiodice S, Berdal A. Disruption of Steroid Axis, a New Paradigm for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). Front Physiol 2017; 8:343. [PMID: 28603502 PMCID: PMC5445125 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Babajko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, University Paris-Descartes, University Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Odontologie, University Paris-DiderotParis, France
| | - Katia Jedeon
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, University Paris-Descartes, University Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Odontologie, University Paris-DiderotParis, France
| | - Sophia Houari
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, University Paris-Descartes, University Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Odontologie, University Paris-DiderotParis, France
| | - Sophia Loiodice
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, University Paris-Descartes, University Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Odontologie, University Paris-DiderotParis, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, University Paris-Descartes, University Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Odontologie, University Paris-DiderotParis, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Rothschild HospitalParis, France
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