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Koizumi J, Ohya T. Effects of High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up on High-Intensity Exercise Performance and Muscle Oxygenation. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:347-355. [PMID: 38215734 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE An inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) improves inspiratory muscle function, but the effects of high-intensity exercise are inconsistent. We aimed to determine the effects of high-intensity IMW on high-intensity exercise performance and muscle oxygenation. METHODS Ten healthy men (maximal oxygen uptake [V˙O2max] 52.2 [5.0] mL·kg-1·min-1) performed constant-load exercise to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer at V˙O2max under 2 IMW conditions: a placebo condition (PLA) and a high-intensity IMW condition (HIGH). The inspiratory loads were set at 15% and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure, respectively. Maximal inspiratory pressure was measured before and after IMW. Oxyhemoglobin was measured in the vastus lateralis by near-infrared spectroscopy during exercise. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for a leg was measured after 1 and 2 minutes of exercise. RESULTS Exercise tolerance was significantly higher under HIGH than PLA (228 [49] s vs 218 [49] s, P = .003). Maximal inspiratory pressure was significantly increased by IMW under HIGH (from 125 [20] to 136 [25] cm H2O, P = .031). Oxyhemoglobin was significantly higher under HIGH than PLA at 80% of the total duration of exercise (P = .048). RPE for the leg was significantly lower under HIGH than PLA after 2 minutes of exercise (P = .019). CONCLUSIONS Given that oxyhemoglobin is an index of local oxygen supply, the results of this study suggest that high-intensity IMW increases the oxygen supply to active limbs. It may also reflect a reduction in RPE in the leg. In addition, high-intensity IMW may improve exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Koizumi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohya
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
- School of Health and Sport Science, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
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2
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Vardar-Yagli N, Saglam M, Dasgin H, Karli-Oguz K. The Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training on Resting-State Brain Activity and Thoracic Mobility in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:403-417. [PMID: 35762913 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is an effective intervention for improving breath perception, brain mechanisms have not been studied yet. PURPOSE To examine the effects of IMT on insula and default mode network (DMN) using resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI). STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION A total of 26 healthy participants were randomly assigned to two groups as IMT group (n = 14) and sham IMT groups (n = 12). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3-T, three-dimensional T2* gradient-echo echo planar imaging sequence for RS-fMRI was obtained. ASSESSMENT The intervention group received IMT at 60% and sham group received at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) for 8 weeks. Pulmonary and respiratory muscle function, and breathing patterns were measured. Groups underwent RS-fMRI before and after the treatment. STATISTICAL TESTS Statistical tests were two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Student's t test was used to compare the groups. One-sample t-test for each group was used to reveal pattern of functional connectivity. A statistical threshold of P < 0.001 uncorrected value was set at voxel level. We used False discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P < 0.05 cluster level. RESULTS The IMT group showed more prominent alterations in insula and DMN connectivity than sham group. The MIP was significantly different after IMT. Respiratory rate (P = 0.344), inspiratory time (P = 0.222), expiratory time (P = 1.000), and inspiratory time/total breath time (P = 0.572) of respiratory patterns showed no significant change after IMT. All DMN components showed decreased, while insula showed increased activation significantly. DATA CONCLUSION Differences in brain activity and connectivity may reflect improved ventilatory perception with IMT with a possible role in regulating breathing pattern by processing interoceptive signals. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naciye Vardar-Yagli
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melda Saglam
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hacer Dasgin
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM) Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kader Karli-Oguz
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM) Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Shei RJ, Paris HL, Sogard AS, Mickleborough TD. Time to Move Beyond a "One-Size Fits All" Approach to Inspiratory Muscle Training. Front Physiol 2022; 12:766346. [PMID: 35082689 PMCID: PMC8784843 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.766346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been studied as a rehabilitation tool and ergogenic aid in clinical, athletic, and healthy populations. This technique aims to improve respiratory muscle strength and endurance, which has been seen to enhance respiratory pressure generation, respiratory muscle weakness, exercise capacity, and quality of life. However, the effects of IMT have been discrepant between populations, with some studies showing improvements with IMT and others not. This may be due to the use of standardized IMT protocols which are uniformly applied to all study participants without considering individual characteristics and training needs. As such, we suggest that research on IMT veer away from a standardized, one-size-fits-all intervention, and instead utilize specific IMT training protocols. In particular, a more personalized approach to an individual's training prescription based upon goals, needs, and desired outcomes of the patient or athlete. In order for the coach or practitioner to adjust and personalize a given IMT prescription for an individual, factors, such as frequency, duration, and modality will be influenced, thus inevitably affecting overall training load and adaptations for a projected outcome. Therefore, by integrating specific methods based on optimization, periodization, and personalization, further studies may overcome previous discrepancies within IMT research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jay Shei
- Global Medical Department, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Company, Hampton, NJ, United States
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Abigail S Sogard
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Timothy D Mickleborough
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Laghi F, Shaikh H, Littleton SW, Morales D, Jubran A, Tobin MJ. Inhibition of central activation of the diaphragm: a mechanism of weaning failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:366-376. [PMID: 32673161 PMCID: PMC7473953 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00856.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During a T-tube trial following disconnection of mechanical ventilation, patients failing the trial do not develop contractile diaphragmatic fatigue despite increases in inspiratory pressure output. Studies in volunteers, patients, and animals raise the possibility of spinal and supraspinal reflex mechanisms that inhibit central-neural output under loaded conditions. We hypothesized that diaphragmatic recruitment is submaximal at the end of a failed weaning trial despite concurrent respiratory distress. Tidal transdiaphragmatic pressure (ΔPdi) and electrical activity (ΔEAdi) were recorded with esophago-gastric catheters during a T-tube trial in 20 critically ill patients. During the T-tube trial, ∆EAdi was greater in weaning failure patients than in weaning success patients (P = 0.049). Despite increases in ΔPdi, from 18.1 ± 2.5 to 25.9 ± 3.7 cm H2O (P < 0.001), rate of transdiaphragmatic pressure development (from 22.6 ± 3.1 to 37.8 ± 6.7 cm H2O/s; P < 0.0004), and concurrent respiratory distress, ∆EAdi at the end of a failed T-tube trial was half of maximum, signifying inhibition of central neural output to the diaphragm. The increase in ΔPdi in the weaning failure group, while ∆EAdi remained constant, indicates unexpected improvement in diaphragmatic neuromuscular coupling (from 46.7 ± 6.5 to 57.8 ± 8.4 cm H2O/%; P = 0.006). Redistribution of neural output to the respiratory muscles characterized by a progressive increase in rib cage and accessory muscle contribution to tidal breathing and expiratory muscle recruitment contributed to enhanced coupling. In conclusion, diaphragmatic recruitment is submaximal at the end of a failed weaning trial despite concurrent respiratory distress. This finding signifies that reflex inhibition of central neural output to the diaphragm contributes to weaning failure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Research into pathophysiology of failure to wean from mechanical ventilation has excluded several factors, including contractile fatigue, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. We recorded transdiaphragmatic pressure and diaphragmatic electrical activity in patients undergoing a T-tube trial. Diaphragmatic recruitment was submaximal at the end of a failed trial despite concurrent respiratory distress, signifying that inhibition of central neural output to the diaphragm is an important mechanism of weaning failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Laghi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Hameeda Shaikh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Stephen W Littleton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Daniel Morales
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Amal Jubran
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Martin J Tobin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
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Laghi F, Shaikh H. Clarifying the Effect of Sleep Deprivation on the Respiratory Muscles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:894-895. [PMID: 31951467 PMCID: PMC7159421 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201912-2493ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Laghi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineHines Veterans Affairs HospitalHines, Illinoisand.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineLoyola UniversityMaywood, Illinois
| | - Hameeda Shaikh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineHines Veterans Affairs HospitalHines, Illinoisand.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineLoyola UniversityMaywood, Illinois
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Rault C, Sangaré A, Diaz V, Ragot S, Frat JP, Raux M, Similowski T, Robert R, Thille AW, Drouot X. Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Respiratory Motor Output and Endurance. A Physiological Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:976-983. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201904-0819oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Rault
- INSERM, CIC 1402, Equipe Alive, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service d’Explorations fonctionnelles, Physiologie respiratoire et de l’exercice
| | | | - Véronique Diaz
- INSERM, CIC 1402, Equipe Alive, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service d’Explorations fonctionnelles, Physiologie respiratoire et de l’exercice
| | - Stéphanie Ragot
- INSERM, CIC 1402, Equipe Alive, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, Unité de méthodologie biostatistique, and
| | - Jean-Pierre Frat
- INSERM, CIC 1402, Equipe Alive, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Réanimation Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Mathieu Raux
- Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, SSIAP, Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Similowski
- Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, SSIAP, Service de Pneumologie, Medecine Intensive et Réanimation, Département R3S, Paris, France; and
| | - René Robert
- INSERM, CIC 1402, Equipe Alive, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Réanimation Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Arnaud W. Thille
- INSERM, CIC 1402, Equipe Alive, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Réanimation Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Xavier Drouot
- INSERM, CIC 1402, Equipe Alive, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service d’Explorations fonctionnelles, Physiologie respiratoire et de l’exercice
- Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique
- INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Neurobiology and Neuroplasticity and Neuro-development Group, Poitiers, France
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7
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Dynamic respiratory muscle function in late-onset Pompe disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19006. [PMID: 31831753 PMCID: PMC6908708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximal inspiratory pressure (PIMAX) reflects inspiratory weakness in late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD). However, static pressure tests may not reveal specific respiratory muscle adaptations to disruptions in breathing. We hypothesized that dynamic respiratory muscle functional tests reflect distinct ventilatory compensations in LOPD. We evaluated LOPD (n = 7) and healthy controls (CON, n = 7) during pulmonary function tests, inspiratory endurance testing, dynamic kinematic MRI of the thorax, and ventilatory adjustments to single-breath inspiratory loads (inspiratory load compensation, ILC). We observed significantly lower static and dynamic respiratory function in LOPD. PIMAX, spirometry, endurance time, and maximal diaphragm descent were significantly correlated. During single-breath inspiratory loads, inspiratory time and airflow acceleration increased to preserve volume, and in LOPD, the response magnitudes correlated to maximal chest wall kinematics. The results indicate that changes in diaphragmatic motor function and strength among LOPD subjects could be detected through dynamic respiratory testing. We concluded that neuromuscular function significantly influenced breathing endurance, timing and loading compensations.
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Shei RJ. Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2665-2676. [PMID: 29985221 PMCID: PMC6105530 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shei, R-J. Recent advancements in our understanding of the ergogenic effect of respiratory muscle training in healthy humans: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2674-2685, 2018-Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid for sport performance. Respiratory muscle training has been documented to improve performance in a wide range of exercise modalities including running, cycling, swimming, and rowing. The physiological effects of RMT that may explain the improvements in performance have been proposed to include diaphragm hypertrophy, muscle fiber-type switching, improved neural control of the respiratory muscles, increased respiratory muscle economy, attenuation of the respiratory muscle metaboreflex, and decreases in perceived breathlessness and exertion. This review summarizes recent studies on the ergogenicity and mechanisms of RMT since 2013 when the topic was last systematically reviewed. Recent evidence confirms the ergogenic effects of RMT and explores different loading protocols, such as concurrent exercise and RMT (i.e., "functional" RMT). These studies suggest that adapting new training protocols may have an additive improvement effect, but evidence of the efficacy of such an approach is conflicting thus far. Other recent investigations have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning RMT-associated improvements in performance. Importantly, changes in ventilatory efficiency, oxygen delivery, cytokine release, motor recruitment patterns, and respiratory muscle fatigue resistance are highlighted as potential mechanistic factors linking RMT with performance improvements. It is suggested that future investigations focus on development of sport-specific RMT loading protocols, and that further work be undertaken to better understand the mechanistic basis of RMT-induced performance improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jay Shei
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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