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de Sousa AMM, Cavalcante JGT, Bottaro M, Vieira DCL, Babault N, Geremia JM, Corrigan P, Silbernagel KG, Durigan JLQ, Marqueti RDC. The Influence of Hip and Knee Joint Angles on Quadriceps Muscle-Tendon Unit Properties during Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3947. [PMID: 36900958 PMCID: PMC10002253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Determining how the quadriceps femoris musculotendinous unit functions, according to hip and knee joint angles, may help with clinical decisions when prescribing knee extension exercises. We aimed to determine the effect of hip and knee joint angles on structure and neuromuscular functioning of all constituents of the quadriceps femoris and patellar tendon properties. Twenty young males were evaluated in four positions: seated and supine in both 20° and 60° of knee flexion (SIT20, SIT60, SUP20, and SUP60). Peak knee extension torque was determined during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Ultrasound imaging was used at rest and during MVIC to characterize quadriceps femoris muscle and tendon aponeurosis complex stiffness. We found that peak torque and neuromuscular efficiency were higher for SUP60 and SIT60 compared to SUP20 and SIT20 position. We found higher fascicle length and lower pennation angle in positions with the knee flexed at 60°. The tendon aponeurosis complex stiffness, tendon force, stiffness, stress, and Young's modulus seemed greater in more elongated positions (60°) than in shortened positions (20°). In conclusion, clinicians should consider positioning at 60° of knee flexion rather than 20°, regardless if seated or supine, during rehabilitation to load the musculotendinous unit enough to stimulate a cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Martins Melo de Sousa
- Laboratory of Muscle and Tendon Plasticity, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 72220275, Brazil
| | | | - Martim Bottaro
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910900, Brazil
| | - Denis César Leite Vieira
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910900, Brazil
- Centre d’Expertise de la Performance, INSERM U1093 CAPS, Sports Science Faculty, University of Burgundy, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Centre d’Expertise de la Performance, INSERM U1093 CAPS, Sports Science Faculty, University of Burgundy, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Jeam Marcel Geremia
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy, and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690200, Brazil
| | - Patrick Corrigan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | | | - João Luiz Quaglioti Durigan
- Laboratory of Muscle and Tendon Plasticity, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 72220275, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 72220275, Brazil
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Bakenecker P, Weingarten T, Hahn D, Raiteri BJ. Residual force enhancement is affected more by quadriceps muscle length than stretch amplitude. eLife 2022; 11:77553. [PMID: 35579415 PMCID: PMC9129877 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how muscle length affects residual force enhancement (rFE) in humans. We therefore investigated rFE at short, long, and very long muscle lengths within the human quadriceps and patellar tendon (PT) using conventional dynamometry with motion capture (rFETQ) and a new, non-invasive shear-wave tensiometry technique (rFEWS). Eleven healthy male participants performed submaximal (50% max.) EMG-matched fixed-end reference and stretch-hold contractions across these muscle lengths while muscle fascicle length changes of the vastus lateralis (VL) were captured using B-mode ultrasound. We found significant rFETQ at long (7±5%) and very long (12±8%), but not short (2±5%) muscle lengths, whereas rFEWS was only significant at the very long (38±27%), but not short (8±12%) or long (6±10%) muscle lengths. We also found significant relationships between VL fascicle length and rFETQ (r=0.63, p=0.001) and rFEWS (r=0.52, p=0.017), but relationships were not significant between VL fascicle stretch amplitude and rFETQ (r=0.33, p=0.126) or rFEWS (r=0.29, p=0.201). Squared PT shear-wave-speed-angle relationships did not agree with estimated PT force-angle relationships, which indicates that estimating PT loads from shear-wave tensiometry might be inaccurate. We conclude that increasing muscle length rather than stretch amplitude contributes more to rFE during submaximal voluntary contractions of the human quadriceps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Hahn
- Human Movement Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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de Campos D, Orssatto LBR, Trajano GS, Herzog W, Fontana HDB. Residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:94-103. [PMID: 34062271 PMCID: PMC8847921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reviewed and appraised the existing evidence of in vivo manifestations of residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles and assessed, through a meta-analysis, the effect of an immediate history of eccentric contraction on the subsequent torque capacity of voluntary and electrically evoked muscle contractions. METHODS Our search was conducted from database inception to May 2020. Descriptive information was extracted from, and quality was assessed for, 45 studies. Meta-analyses and metaregressions were used to analyze residual torque enhancement and its dependence on the angular amplitude of the preceding eccentric contraction. RESULTS Procedures varied across studies with regards to muscle group tested, angular stretch amplitude, randomization of contractions, time window analyzed, and verbal command. Torque capacity in isometric (constant muscle tendon unit length and joint angle) contractions preceded by an eccentric contraction was typically greater compared to purely isometric contractions, and this effect was greater for electrically evoked muscle contractions than voluntary contractions. Residual torque enhancement differed across muscle groups for the voluntary contractions, with a significant enhancement in torque observed for the adductor pollicis, ankle dorsiflexors, ankle plantar flexors, and knee extensors, but not for the elbow and knee flexors. Meta-regressions revealed that the angular amplitude of the eccentric contraction (normalized to the respective joint's full range of motion) was not associated with the residual torque enhancement observed. CONCLUSION There is evidence of residual torque enhancement for most, but not all, muscle groups, and residual torque enhancement is greater for electrically evoked than for voluntary contractions. Contrary to our hypothesis, and contrary to generally accepted findings on isolated muscle preparations, residual torque enhancement in voluntary and electrically evoked contractions does not seem to depend on the angular amplitude of the preceding eccentric contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani de Campos
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-001, Brazil
| | - Lucas B R Orssatto
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4030, Australia
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4030, Australia
| | - Walter Herzog
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-001, Brazil; Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Heiliane de Brito Fontana
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-001, Brazil; School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
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Farrag A, Almusallam M, Almulhim N, Alzahrani E, Alowa Z, Elsayed W. The effect of knee angle and subject position on plantar flexors isokinetic performance and muscular activity. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-210195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Assessment of the plantar flexion (PF) isokinetic performance has been greatly diverse and based on personal preferences rather than standardized guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To examine the performance of the plantar flexors under different settings including knee joint angle and subject position. METHODS: Thirteen women and 20 men took part in this study. The isokinetic protocol (60∘/s) was set to ankle movement between 10∘ dorsiflexion to 30∘ PF. Participants performed three repetitions of concentric PF in randomly-ordered knee angles; 15∘, 45∘ and 90∘, and in seated and supine positions. Surface electromyography (EMG) data were collected from the Soleus (SOL) and Gastrocnemius. RESULTS: Knee angle impacted the PF moment (P⩽ 0.001–0.026) and work (P⩽ 0.05) measures in both genders. The moment and work measures were significantly less in the 90∘ than those in the 45∘ and 15∘ positions. The 45∘ position had the highest values, particularly in sitting in the male participants. Only the GL EMG data was significantly impacted (P= 0.017) by the subject position. However, the difference was trivial (1.6%). The SOL muscle showed a consistent pattern of increased activity when the knee was in flexion. CONCLUSION: The 45∘ position seems to be optimal for obtaining the highest isokinetic PF scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farrag
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Physical Therapy Program, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moath Almusallam
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Almulhim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eidan Alzahrani
- Physical Therapy Program, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaenab Alowa
- Department of Physical Therapy, AlJubail General Hospital, AlJubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Elsayed
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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Paternoster FK, Holzer D, Arlt A, Schwirtz A, Seiberl W. Residual force enhancement in humans: Is there a true non-responder? Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14944. [PMID: 34337885 PMCID: PMC8327164 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When an active muscle is stretched and kept isometrically active, the resulting force is enhanced compared to a purely isometric reference contraction at the same muscle length and activity; a generally accepted muscle property called residual force enhancement (rFE). Interestingly, studies on voluntary muscle action regularly identify a significant number of participants not showing rFE. Therefore, the aim was to unmask possible confounders for this non-responsive behavior. Ten participants performed maximum voluntary isometric plantarflexion contractions with and without preceding stretch. Contractions were accompanied by the assessment of voluntary activation using the twitch-interpolation technique. The same test protocol was repeated four additional times with a least on day rest in-between. Additionally, at the first and fifth sessions, a submaximal tetanic muscle-stimulation condition was added. At both muscle-stimulation sessions mean rFE higher 10% (p < 0.028) was found. In contrast, during voluntary muscle action, individual participants showed inconsistent rFE across sessions and only one session (#3) had significant rFE (5%; p = 0.023) in group means. As all participants clearly had rFE in electrical stimulation conditions, structural deficits cannot explain the missing rFE in voluntary muscle action. However, we also did not find variability in voluntary activation levels or muscle activity as the confounding characteristics of "non-responders."
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian K. Paternoster
- Department of Sport and Health SciencesBiomechanics in SportsTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Denis Holzer
- Department of Sport and Health SciencesBiomechanics in SportsTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Anna Arlt
- Department of Sport and Health SciencesBiomechanics in SportsTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Ansgar Schwirtz
- Department of Sport and Health SciencesBiomechanics in SportsTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Wolfgang Seiberl
- Department of Human SciencesHuman Movement ScienceBundeswehr University MunichNeubibergGermany
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The effect of stretch-shortening magnitude and muscle-tendon unit length on performance enhancement in a stretch-shortening cycle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14605. [PMID: 34272461 PMCID: PMC8285374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretch-induced residual force enhancement (rFE) is associated with increased performance in a stretch–shortening cycle (SSC). Although the influence of different range of motions and muscle–tendon unit lengths has been investigated in pure stretch-hold experiments in vivo, the contribution to a SSC movement in human muscles remains unclear. In two sessions, 25 healthy participants performed isometric reference (ISO), shortening hold (SHO) and SSC contractions on an isokinetic dynamometer. We measured the net knee-joint torque, rotational mechanical work, knee kinematics and fascicle behavior (m. vastus lateralis) of the upper right leg.
In session 1 the SHO- and SSC-magnitude was changed respectively (SHO: 50°–20°, 80°–20° and 110°–20°; SSC: 20°–50°–20°, 20°–80°–20° and 20°–110°–20°) and in session 2 the muscle–tendon unit length (SHO: 50°–20°, 80°–50° and 110°–80°; SSC: 20°–50°–20°, 50°–80°–50° and 80°–110°–80°; straight leg = 0°). In both sessions, rotational work was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the SSC compared to the SHO contractions (in the range of 8.1–17.9%). No significant difference of joint torque was found in the steady-state for all SSC-magnitudes compared to the corresponding SHO contractions in session 1. In session 2, we found only significantly (p < 0.05) less depressed joint torque in the SSC at the longest muscle–tendon unit length compared to the corresponding SHO condition, without any differences in knee kinematics and fascicle behavior. Therefore, the physiological relevance of rFE might be particularly important for movements at greater muscle–tendon unit lengths.
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Fukutani A, Isaka T, Herzog W. Evidence for Muscle Cell-Based Mechanisms of Enhanced Performance in Stretch-Shortening Cycle in Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2021; 11:609553. [PMID: 33488399 PMCID: PMC7820781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Force attained during concentric contraction (active shortening) is transiently enhanced following eccentric contraction (active stretch) in skeletal muscle. This phenomenon is called stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) effect. Since many human movements contain combinations of eccentric and concentric contractions, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the SSC effect would be useful for improving physical performance, optimizing human movement efficiency, and providing an understanding of fundamental mechanism of muscle force control. Currently, the most common mechanisms proposed for the SSC effect are (i) stretch-reflex activation and (ii) storage of energy in tendons. However, abundant SSC effects have been observed in single fiber preparations where stretch-reflex activation is eliminated and storage of energy in tendons is minimal at best. Therefore, it seems prudent to hypothesize that factor(s) other than stretch-reflex activation and energy storage in tendons contribute to the SSC effect. In this brief review, we focus on possible candidate mechanisms for the SSC effect, that is, pre-activation, cross-bridge kinetics, and residual force enhancement (RFE) obtained in experimental preparations that exclude/control the influence of stretch-reflex activation and energy storage in tendons. Recent evidence supports the contribution of these factors to the mechanism of SSCs, and suggests that the extent of their contribution varies depending on the contractile conditions. Evidence for and against alternative mechanisms are introduced and discussed, and unresolved problems are mentioned for inspiring future studies in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Fukutani
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Hinks A, Davidson B, Akagi R, Power GA. Influence of isometric training at short and long muscle‐tendon unit lengths on the history dependence of force. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:325-338. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery Hinks
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Brooke Davidson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Ryota Akagi
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
- College of Systems Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Saitama Japan
| | - Geoffrey A. Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
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Bakenecker P, Raiteri BJ, Hahn D. Force enhancement in the human vastus lateralis is muscle-length-dependent following stretch but not during stretch. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2597-2610. [PMID: 32892321 PMCID: PMC7674334 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Force enhancement is the phenomenon of increased forces during (transient force enhancement; tFE) and after (residual force enhancement; rFE) eccentric muscle actions compared with fixed-end contractions. Although tFE and rFE have been observed at short and long muscle lengths, whether both are length-dependent remains unclear in vivo. Methods We determined maximal-effort vastus lateralis (VL) force-angle relationships of eleven healthy males and selected one knee joint angle at a short and long muscle lengths where VL produced approximately the same force (85% of maximum). We then examined tFE and rFE at these two lengths during and following the same amount of knee joint rotation. Results We found tFE at both short (11.7%, P = 0.017) and long (15.2%, P = 0.001) muscle lengths. rFE was only observed at the long (10.6%, P < 0.001; short: 1.3%, P = 0.439) muscle length. Ultrasound imaging revealed that VL muscle fascicle stretch magnitude was greater at long compared with short muscle lengths (mean difference: (tFE) 1.7 mm, (rFE) 1.9 mm, P ≤ 0.046), despite similar isometric VL forces across lengths (P ≥ 0.923). Greater fascicle stretch magnitude was likely to be due to greater preload forces at the long compared with short muscle length (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion At a similar isometric VL force capacity, tFE was not muscle-length-dependent at the lengths we tested, whereas rFE was greater at longer muscle length. We speculate that the in vivo mechanical factors affecting tFE and rFE are different and that greater stretch of a passive component is likely contributing more to rFE at longer muscle lengths. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00421-020-04488-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bakenecker
- Human Movement Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus Nord 10, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Brent J Raiteri
- Human Movement Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus Nord 10, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Hahn
- Human Movement Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus Nord 10, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Fukutani A, Shimoho K, Isaka T. Pre-activation affects the effect of stretch-shortening cycle by modulating fascicle behavior. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/12/bio044651. [PMID: 31862776 PMCID: PMC6955218 DOI: 10.1242/bio.044651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The torque attained during active shortening is enhanced after an active stretch (stretch-shortening cycle, SSC). This study examined the influence of pre-activation on fascicle behavior and the SSC effect. Subjects exhibited the following three conditions by electrically induced plantar flexions. In the isometric-concentric (ISO-CON) condition, subjects exhibited active shortening from dorsiflexion of 15° to 0° after isometric pre-activation. In the eccentric-concentric (ECC-CON) condition, subjects exhibited the above active shortening immediately after the eccentric pre-activation. In the isometric-eccentric-concentric (ISO-ECC-CON) condition, isometric pre-activation was conducted before exhibiting the ECC-CON maneuver. Joint torque and fascicle length of the medial gastrocnemius were compared. The joint torque at the onset and end of shortening was larger in the ISO-ECC-CON than in the ISO-CON or ECC-CON conditions, while no differences were found between ISO-CON and ECC-CON conditions. The magnitude of fascicle elongation attained during the active stretch was larger in the ISO-ECC-CON than in the ECC-CON condition. This could be caused by the shorter fascicle length at the onset of active stretch due to isometric pre-activation. This shorter fascicle length could lead to larger fascicle elongation during the subsequent active stretch, which should emphasize the effect of active stretch-induced force enhancement mechanism. Summary: Due to the larger fascicle elongation induced by a pre-activation, the effect of the stretch-shortening cycle is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Fukutani
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kento Shimoho
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Fukutani A, Shimoho K, Isaka T. Isometric preactivation before active lengthening increases residual force enhancement. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1153-1160. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Fukutani
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan
| | - Kento Shimoho
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan
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Residual force enhancement during submaximal and maximal effort contractions of the plantar flexors across knee angle. J Biomech 2018; 78:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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de Brito Fontana H, de Campos D, Sakugawa RL. Predictors of residual force enhancement in voluntary contractions of elbow flexors. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:318-325. [PMID: 30356605 PMCID: PMC6189239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The steady-state increase in muscle force generating potential following a lengthening contraction is called residual force enhancement (RFE). In this study, we aimed to test for differences in torque, electromyographic activity (EMG), and the associated neuromuscular efficiency (NME) between isometric voluntary contractions of elbow flexors preceded and not preceded by a lengthening contraction. The dependence of such differences on (i) stretch amplitude, (ii) the region of the force-length (FxL) relationship where contraction occurs, and (iii) the individual's ability to produce (negative) work during the stretch was investigated. METHODS Sixteen healthy adults participated in the study. Elbow flexor torque, angle, and biceps brachii EMG for purely isometric contractions (reference contractions) and for isometric contractions preceded by active stretches of 20° and 40° were measured at the ascending, plateau, and descending regions of subject-specific FxL curves. All contractions were performed in an isokinetic dynamometer. Two-factor (stretch × FxL region) repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVAs was used to analyze the effect of active stretch on EMG, torque, and NME across conditions. The relationships between mechanical work during stretch-calculated as the torque-angular displacement integral-and the changes in EMG, torque, and NME were analyzed using Pearson correlation. RESULTS In general, torque, EMG, and NME following active stretches differed from the values observed for the purely isometric reference contractions. While although the detailed effects of active stretch on torque and EMG differed between regions of the FxL relationship, NME increased by about 19% for all muscle lengths. Up to 30% of the interindividual variability in torque generating potential change in response to active stretching was accounted for by differences in (negative) work capacity between subjects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that (i) RFE contributes to "flatten" the elbow flexor torque-angle relationship, favoring torque production at lengths where the purely isometric torques are reduced substantially, and (ii) RFE contributes to a reduction in energy cost of torque production during isometric contractions for the entire operating range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiliane de Brito Fontana
- Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Daiani de Campos
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Luiz Sakugawa
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
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