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Sabatino L, Federighi G, Del Seppia C, Lapi D, Costagli C, Scuri R, Iervasi G. Thyroid hormone deiodinases response in brain of spontaneausly hypertensive rats after hypotensive effects induced by mandibular extension. Endocrine 2021; 74:100-107. [PMID: 33761105 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The deiodinases activate or inactivate the thyroid hormones (TH) in virtually all tissues in both physiological and pathological conditions. The three deiodinases, DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3, have different catalytic functions and regulate TH tissue distribution. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the modulation of gene expression of the deiodinases and TH transporters and protein levels of DIO1 in parietal and frontal areas of cerebral cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), after two successive mandibular extensions (ME). METHODS ME was performed on anesthetized rats by a dilatator appropriately designed and real-time PCR and western blotting techniques were employed for gene expression and protein level study. RESULTS Mean blood pressure (MBP) significantly decreased in 2ME-treated rats when compared to sham-operated rats (p < 0.001) and this decrease lasted for the entire observation period. In gene expression analysis, in 2ME-treated rats we did not observe any significant variation of DIO1 and DIO3 with respect to the sham-operated rats. Differently, DIO2 gene expression significantly increased in frontal area of 2ME-treated rats, with respect to sham-operated rats (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in parietal area, protein levels of DIO1 in 2ME-treated rats were significantly higher than in sham-operated rats (p < 0.01). Moreover MCT8 and OATP1C1 both resulted significantly higher (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001) in sham frontal cortex. CONCLUSION In summary, our data on SHRs, while confirming the hypotensive effect of two MEs, show that the treatment also solicits the three deiodinases production in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Federighi
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Dominga Lapi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Costagli
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Scuri
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Lapi D, Varanini M, Galasso L, Di Maro M, Federighi G, Del Seppia C, Colantuoni A, Scuri R. Effects of Mandibular Extension on Pial Arteriolar Diameter Changes in Glucocorticoid-Induced Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30792661 PMCID: PMC6375092 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, in normotensive rats, it has been observed that a repetitive sub-maximal mouth opening (mandibular extension, ME) obtained by placing a home-made U-shaped dilator between the superior and inferior dental arches of the rat caused modulation of pial arteriolar tone. The present study was aimed to characterize pial microcirculation in two different cortical brain regions and to assess the hemodynamic effects of a single or double ME on pial arteriolar rhythmic diameter changes in rats rendered hypertensive by dexamethasone administrations. Cranial windows were prepared on parietal and frontal region. Pial arterioles were classified by Strahler method in five orders by in vivo fluorescence microscopy technique associated with a computerized system that permits off-line measurements of arteriolar diameter changes. Two 10 min ME at 10 min interval were applied; then the animals were monitored for further 240 min. Dexamethasone-treated rats exhibited a marked arterial rarefaction and asymmetry of bifurcation in the pial microvascular networks more evident in the frontal region. Starting from ME1, in both cortical areas, the arterioles dilated, and the vasodilation became significant compared to baseline after ME2 for the entire observation period. The spectral analysis carried out on order 2 arteriolar diameter change tracings, showed that double ME increased the spectral density of the frequency components related to endothelial, neuronal and myogenic activities in both the cortical regions studied. In conclusion, double ME has a generalized effect in the cortical areas by restoring the physiological vasomotion of the pial arterioles that was severely impaired by the experimentally hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Lapi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Varanini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Galasso
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Di Maro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Federighi
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Del Seppia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Scuri
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Del Seppia C, Lapi D, Ghione S, Federighi G, Sabatino L, Fommei E, Colantuoni A, Scuri R. Evidence in hypertensive rats of hypotensive effect after mandibular extension. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13911. [PMID: 30548831 PMCID: PMC6291740 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in anesthetized normotensive rats demonstrated that a single mouth opening for 10 min obtained by an ad hoc dilator (mandibular extension [ME]) produced a blood pressure reduction by about 20 mmHg lasting for about 2 h and that once-repeated ME prolonged this effect. We here describe these effects in hypertensive rats. Mean (intra) arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) was followed for up to a maximum of 470 min after single or repeated 10 min-lasting ME in two groups of anesthetized, male, 6-9 months old hypertensive rats. In one group, hypertension was induced by dexamethasone (20 μg/kg/day, subcutaneously for 7 days; Dex-HT); the other group was spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Studies were done, in Dex-HT rats, after only surgical procedures (no ME, sham-operated rats), single ME, early repeated (after 10 min) ME (ER-ME) and late repeated (after 160 min) ME (LR-ME) and, in SHR, after only surgical procedures and ER-ME. One-way ANOVA for repeated measures revealed no significant effect on MABP and HR in sham-operated groups. In Dex-HT rats, single ME was followed by a significant MABP decline by 25 mmHg, lasting for 100 min; ER-ME and LR-ME were followed by an even greater significant MABP decline by 40 mmHg, which outlasted the experimental observation period. In SHR, ER-ME gave similar results as in Dex-HT rats. HR significantly declined in all, except sham-operated groups. In conclusions, ME is followed by a prolonged MABP decline also in hypertensive rats. This effect is even more pronounced, in length and magnitude, after repeated ME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominga Lapi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery“Federico II” University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Sergio Ghione
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio ‐ Medical and Public Health ResearchPisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Federighi
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Laura Sabatino
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Council of Research (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Enza Fommei
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio ‐ Medical and Public Health ResearchPisaItaly
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery“Federico II” University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Rossana Scuri
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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Sabatino L, Costagli C, Lapi D, Del Seppia C, Federighi G, Balzan S, Colantuoni A, Iervasi G, Scuri R. Renin-Angiotensin System Responds to Prolonged Hypotensive Effect Induced by Mandibular Extension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1613. [PMID: 30498455 PMCID: PMC6249415 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing interest in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contribution either to pathological mechanisms leading to hypertension (mainly regarding the ACE/AngII/AT1R axis), or, to RAS protective and pro-regenerative actions, primarily ascribed to the mediation of the AT2R and the MAS1 receptor. In the present study, we evaluated the modulation of gene expression and protein levels of “deleterious” (ACE/AngII/AT1R) and “protective” [ACE/AngII/AT2R and ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MAS1 arms] RAS components in parietal and frontal areas of cerebral cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), after two periods of mandibular extensions (MEs). Blood pressure, BP and heart rate, HR were also measured. While no significant changes in BP and HR were present in the sham operated (SO) group, in rats after two MEs (2-ME rats), BP displayed a marked decrease (p < 0.001) at ME2, and remained then stably low for the subsequent observation period. In gene expression analysis, in SHRs undergoing two MEs, either in parietal or frontal cortex, we did not observe any significant variation of AT2R and ACE2 with respect to SO rats. In contrast, we observed a decrease in Mas1 gene expression in parietal area (p < 0.01) and an increase in frontal region (p < 0.01). AT1R and ACE gene expression was significantly higher in 2-ME rats than SO in parietal cortex (p < 0.05) but no difference was observed in the frontal area. Concerning protein levels, in parietal area, AT1R and AT2R did not change whereas MAS1 significantly decreased in 2-ME rats (p < 0.05). In frontal area, both AT1R and AT2R significantly decreased in 2-ME rats (p < 0.05), whereas MAS1 did not significantly change. Gene expression analysis in normotensive (NT) rats revealed the non-detectability of AT1R in both parietal and frontal zone. In parietal area, AT2R (p < 0.0001) and Mas1 (p < 0.01) were significantly decreased in 2-ME NT rats, when compared to SO, and ACE and ACE2 resulted not detectable whereas there was some expression of these genes after 2-ME procedure. In conclusion, our data in rat models indicated that a 2-ME procedure induced a hypotensive response and that a modulation of gene expression and protein levels of RAS components occurred in different cerebral cortex areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sabatino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Costagli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dominga Lapi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Federighi
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvana Balzan
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Scuri
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Zampino C, Ficacci R, Checcacci M, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. Pain Control by Proprioceptive and Exteroceptive Stimulation at the Trigeminal Level. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1037. [PMID: 30131708 PMCID: PMC6090166 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gate Control Theory of pain, published more than half a century ago to explain nociceptive modulation of peripheral sensory input, assumes inhibition of incoming nociceptive (pain) information produced by mechanical stimulation. To verify the presence of such a gate control mechanism at the level of the human trigeminal system, we evaluated the effects on pain sensation of a proprioceptive trigeminal stimulation induced by mandibular extension. We found that such a stimulation, applied for 7 min, was effective in increasing both the threshold and tolerance of tooth pain induced by electrical activation of dental nociceptors. Moreover the antinociceptive effect lasted for several minutes after the proprioceptive stimulus had ceased. We also tested whether an exteroceptive palatal stimulation superimposed on the proprioceptive stimulation would increase the effects on tooth pain perception of human volunteers. We observed that the exteroceptive stimulation significantly increased the antinociceptive effect induced by the sole proprioceptive stimulation. The physiological mechanisms and the possible implications of these observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Zampino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ficacci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Franciolini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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