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Printzi A, Mazurais D, Witten PE, Madec L, Gonzalez AA, Mialhe X, Zambonino-Infante JL, Koumoundouros G. Juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) are able to recover from lordosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21533. [PMID: 36513797 PMCID: PMC9748118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemal lordosis, a frequent skeletal deformity in teleost fish, has long been correlated with increased mechanical loads induced by swimming activity. In the present study, we examine whether juvenile zebrafish can recover from haemal lordosis and explore the musculoskeletal mechanisms involved. Juveniles were subjected to a swimming challenge test (SCT) that induced severe haemal lordosis in 49% of the animals and then immediately transferred them to 0.0 total body lengths (TL) per second of water velocity for a week. The recovery from lordosis was examined by means of whole mount staining, histology and gene expression analysis. Results demonstrate that 80% of the lordotic zebrafish are capable of internal and external recovery within a week after the SCT. Recovered individuals presented normal shape of the vertebral centra, maintaining though distorted internal tissue organization. Through the transcriptomic analysis of the affected haemal regions, several processes related to chromosome organization, DNA replication, circadian clock and transcription regulation were enriched within genes significantly regulated behind this musculoskeletal recovery procedure. Genes especially involved in adipogenesis, bone remodeling and muscular regeneration were regulated. A remodeling tissue-repair hypothesis behind haemal lordosis recovery is raised. Limitations and future possibilities for zebrafish as a model organism to clarify mechanically driven musculoskeletal changes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Printzi
- grid.8127.c0000 0004 0576 3437Biology Department, University of Crete, Crete, Greece ,grid.463763.30000 0004 0638 0577IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - D. Mazurais
- grid.463763.30000 0004 0638 0577IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - P. E. Witten
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - L. Madec
- grid.463763.30000 0004 0638 0577IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - A.-A. Gonzalez
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - X. Mialhe
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J.-L. Zambonino-Infante
- grid.463763.30000 0004 0638 0577IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - G. Koumoundouros
- grid.8127.c0000 0004 0576 3437Biology Department, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
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2
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Dubale NM, Kapron CM, West SL. Commentary: Zebrafish as a Model for Osteoporosis-An Approach to Accelerating Progress in Drug and Exercise-Based Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15866. [PMID: 36497941 PMCID: PMC9739463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a degenerative disease characterized by reduced bone strength and increased fracture risk. As the global population continues to age, the prevalence and economic burden of osteoporosis can be expected to rise substantially, but there remain various gaps in the field of OP care. For instance, there is a lack of anti-fracture drugs with proven long-term efficacy. Likewise, though exercise remains widely recommended in OP prevention and management, data regarding the safety and efficacy for patients after vertebral fracture remain limited. This lack of evidence may be due to the cost and inherent difficulties associated with exercise-based OP research. Thus, the current research landscape highlights the need for novel research strategies that accelerate OP drug discovery and allow for the low-cost study of exercise interventions. Here, we outline an example of one strategy, the use of zebrafish, which has emerged as a potential model for the discovery of anti-osteoporosis therapeutics and study of exercise interventions. The strengths, limitations, and potential applications of zebrafish in OP research will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natnaiel M. Dubale
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Carolyn M. Kapron
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Sarah L. West
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
- Trent/Fleming School of Nursing, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
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3
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Kurchaba N, Charette JM, LeMoine CMR. Metabolic consequences of PGC-1α dysregulation in adult zebrafish muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R319-R330. [PMID: 35670765 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00188.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) is central to the regulation of cellular and mitochondrial energy homeostasis in mammals, but its role in other vertebrates remains unclear. Indeed, previous work suggests extensive structural and functional divergence of PGC-1α in teleosts but this remains to be directly tested. Here, we describe the initial characterization of heterozygous PGC-1α mutant zebrafish lines created by CRISPR-Cas9 disruptions of an evolutionarily conserved regulatory region of the PGC-1α proximal promoter. Using qPCR, we confirmed the disruption of PGC-1α gene expression in striated muscle, leading to a simultaneous 4-fold increase in mixed skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA levels and an opposite 4-fold downregulation in cardiac muscle. In mixed skeletal muscle, most downstream effector genes were largely unaffected yet two mitochondrial lipid transporters, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2, were strongly induced. Conversely, PGC-1α depression in cardiac muscle reduced the expression of several transcriptional regulators (estrogen related receptor alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1 and PGC-1β) without altering metabolic gene expression. Using high resolution respirometry, we determined that white muscle exhibited increased lipid oxidative capacity with little difference in markers of mitochondrial abundance. Finally, using whole animal intermittent respirometry, we show that mutant fish exhibit a 2-fold higher basal metabolism than their wildtype counterparts. Altogether, this new model confirms a central but complex role for PGC-1α in mediating energy utilization in zebrafish and we propose its use as a valuable tool to explore the intricate regulatory pathways of energy homeostasis in a popular biomedical model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Michael Charette
- Department of Chemistry, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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4
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Exercise Intervention Mitigates Pathological Liver Changes in NAFLD Zebrafish by Activating SIRT1/AMPK/NRF2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010940. [PMID: 34681600 PMCID: PMC8536011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease that causes serious liver damage. Exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological tool to improve the pathology of NAFLD. However, the antioxidative effects and mechanisms by which exercise ameliorates NAFLD remain unclear. The present study conducted exercise training on zebrafish during a 12-week high-fat feeding period to study the antioxidant effect of exercise on the liver. We found that swimming exercise decreased lipid accumulation and improved pathological changes in the liver of high-fat diet-fed zebrafish. Moreover, swimming alleviated NOX4-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and reduced methanedicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) levels. We also examined the anti-apoptotic effects of swimming and found that it increased the expression of antiapoptotic factor bcl2 and decreased the expression of genes associated with apoptosis (caspase3, bax). Mechanistically, swimming intervention activated SIRT1/AMPK signaling-mediated lipid metabolism and inflammation as well as enhanced AKT and NRF2 activation and upregulated downstream antioxidant genes. In summary, exercise attenuates pathological changes in the liver induced by high-fat diets. The underlying mechanisms might be related to NRF2 and mediated by SIRT1/AMPK signaling.
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5
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Keller RM, Beaver LM, Reardon PN, Prater MC, Truong L, Robinson MM, Tanguay RL, Stevens JF, Hord NG. Nitrate-induced improvements in exercise performance are coincident with exuberant changes in metabolic genes and the metabolome in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:142-157. [PMID: 34043471 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00185.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary nitrate supplementation improves exercise performance by reducing the oxygen cost of exercise and enhancing skeletal muscle function. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in skeletal muscle energy metabolism associated with exercise performance in a zebrafish model. Fish were exposed to sodium nitrate (60.7 mg/L, 303.5 mg/L, 606.9 mg/L), or control water, for 21 days and analyzed at intervals (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 cm/s) during a 2-h strenuous exercise test. We measured oxygen consumption during an exercise test and assessed muscle nitrate concentrations, gene expression, and the muscle metabolome before, during, and after exercise. Nitrate exposure reduced the oxygen cost of exercise and increased muscle nitrate concentrations at rest, which were reduced with increasing exercise duration. In skeletal muscle, nitrate treatment upregulated expression of genes central to nutrient sensing (mtor), redox signaling (nrf2a), and muscle differentiation (sox6). In rested muscle, nitrate treatment increased phosphocreatine (P = 0.002), creatine (P = 0.0005), ATP (P = 0.0008), ADP (P = 0.002), and AMP (P = 0.004) compared with rested-control muscle. Following the highest swimming speed, concentration of phosphocreatine (P = 8.0 × 10-5), creatine (P = 6.0 × 10-7), ATP (P = 2.0 × 10-6), ADP (P = 0.0002), and AMP (P = 0.004) decreased compared with rested nitrate muscle. Our data suggest nitrate exposure in zebrafish lowers the oxygen cost of exercise by changing the metabolic programming of muscle prior to exercise and increasing availability of energy-rich metabolites required for exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that skeletal muscle nitrate concentration is higher with supplementation at rest and was lower in groups with increasing exercise duration in a zebrafish model. The higher availability of nitrate at rest is associated with upregulation of key nutrient-sensing genes and greater availability of energy-producing metabolites (i.e., ATP, phosphocreatine, glycolytic intermediates). Overall, nitrate supplementation may lower oxygen cost of exercise through improved fuel availability resulting from metabolic programming of muscle prior to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Keller
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Patrick N Reardon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Mary C Prater
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Lisa Truong
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Norman G Hord
- OU Health, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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6
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Ferreira FJ, Carvalho L, Logarinho E, Bessa J. foxm1 Modulates Cell Non-Autonomous Response in Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051241. [PMID: 34070077 PMCID: PMC8158134 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
foxm1 is a master regulator of the cell cycle, contributing to cell proliferation. Recent data have shown that this transcription factor also modulates gene networks associated with other cellular mechanisms, suggesting non-proliferative functions that remain largely unexplored. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to disrupt foxm1 in the zebrafish terminally differentiated fast-twitching muscle cells. foxm1 genomic disruption increased myofiber death and clearance. Interestingly, this contributed to non-autonomous satellite cell activation and proliferation. Moreover, we observed that Cas9 expression alone was strongly deleterious to muscle cells. Our report shows that foxm1 modulates a muscle non-autonomous response to myofiber death and highlights underreported toxicity to high expression of Cas9 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio J. Ferreira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (F.J.F.); (L.C.)
- Vertebrate Development and Regeneration Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Carvalho
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (F.J.F.); (L.C.)
- Vertebrate Development and Regeneration Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (F.J.F.); (L.C.)
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (J.B.)
| | - José Bessa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (F.J.F.); (L.C.)
- Vertebrate Development and Regeneration Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (J.B.)
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7
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Ono H, Suzuki N, Kanno SI, Kawahara G, Izumi R, Takahashi T, Kitajima Y, Osana S, Nakamura N, Akiyama T, Ikeda K, Shijo T, Mitsuzawa S, Nagatomi R, Araki N, Yasui A, Warita H, Hayashi YK, Miyake K, Aoki M. AMPK Complex Activation Promotes Sarcolemmal Repair in Dysferlinopathy. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1133-1153. [PMID: 32087766 PMCID: PMC7132631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in dysferlin are responsible for a group of progressive, recessively inherited muscular dystrophies known as dysferlinopathies. Using recombinant proteins and affinity purification methods combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we found that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)γ1 was bound to a region of dysferlin located between the third and fourth C2 domains. Using ex vivo laser injury experiments, we demonstrated that the AMPK complex was vital for the sarcolemmal damage repair of skeletal muscle fibers. Injury-induced AMPK complex accumulation was dependent on the presence of Ca2+, and the rate of accumulation was regulated by dysferlin. Furthermore, it was found that the phosphorylation of AMPKα was essential for plasma membrane repair, and treatment with an AMPK activator rescued the membrane-repair impairment observed in immortalized human myotubes with reduced expression of dysferlin and dysferlin-null mouse fibers. Finally, it was determined that treatment with the AMPK activator metformin improved the muscle phenotype in zebrafish and mouse models of dysferlin deficiency. These findings indicate that the AMPK complex is essential for plasma membrane repair and is a potential therapeutic target for dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Ono
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kanno
- The Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Genri Kawahara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Rumiko Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Takahashi
- National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai 982-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Division of Developmental Regulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shion Osana
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Akiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shijo
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shio Mitsuzawa
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- The Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Warita
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yukiko K Hayashi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Katsuya Miyake
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan; Center for Basic Medical Research, Narita Campus, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
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8
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Nadermann N, Volkoff H. Effects of short-term exercise on food intake and the expression of appetite-regulating factors in goldfish. Peptides 2020; 123:170182. [PMID: 31678371 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, growing evidence indicates that exercise affects food intake, metabolism and the expression and blood levels of appetite regulators. In this study, we examined the effects of short-term (30 min, at low and high water flow) exercise on food intake, glucose levels and the expressions of appetite regulators in goldfish hypothalamus (irisin, orexin, CART, leptin), intestine (CCK, PYY, proglucagon/GLP-1), muscle (irisin) and liver (leptin), of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain, interleukin-6 (IL6) in muscle and hypothalamus, and major metabolic enzymes, the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase (GCK) and its regulatory protein (GCKR) in liver, the lipolytic enzyme lipoprotein lipase in intestine and muscle, and trypsin in intestine. Fish submitted to high flow exercise had a lower post-exercise food intake compared to control fish but no differences were seen in glucose levels between groups. Exercise induced an increase in hypothalamic expression levels of CART, IL6 and BDNF, but not orexin, irisin, CRF, leptin and NPY. High flow exercise induced an increase in intestine CCK, PYY and GLP-1, and muscle irisin and IL-6 expression levels. Exercise had no effects on expression levels of hepatic leptin or any of the metabolic enzymes examined. Our results suggest that, in goldfish, short-term exercise might decrease feeding in part by affecting the expressions of myokines and peripheral, but not central appetite regulators or metabolic enzyme/hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Nadermann
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada; Hochschule Mannheim University, Mannheim, 68163, Germany
| | - Hélène Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
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9
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Piccirillo R. Exercise-Induced Myokines With Therapeutic Potential for Muscle Wasting. Front Physiol 2019; 10:287. [PMID: 30984014 PMCID: PMC6449478 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly vascularized tissue that can secrete proteins called myokines. These muscle-secreted factors exert biological functions in muscle itself (autocrine effect) or on short- or long-distant organs (paracrine/endocrine effects) and control processes such as metabolism, angiogenesis, or inflammation. Widely differing diseases ranging from genetic myopathies to cancers are emerging as causing dysregulated secretion of myokines from skeletal muscles. Myokines are also involved in the control of muscle size and may be important to be restored to normal levels to alleviate muscle wasting in various conditions, such as cancer, untreated diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aging, or heart failure. Interestingly, many myokines are induced by exercise (muscle-derived exerkines) and some even by specific types of physical activity, but more studies are needed on this issue. Most exercise-induced myokines travel throughout the body by means of extracellular vesicles. Restoring myokines by physical activity may be added to the list of mechanisms by which exercise exerts preventative or curative effects against a large number of diseases, including the deleterious muscle wasting they may cause. Extending our understanding about which myokines could be usefully restored in certain diseases might help in prescribing more tailored exercise or myokine-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Piccirillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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10
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Palstra AP, Mendez S, Dirks RP, Schaaf MJM. Cortisol Acting Through the Glucocorticoid Receptor Is Not Involved in Exercise-Enhanced Growth, But Does Affect the White Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Physiol 2019; 9:1889. [PMID: 30692930 PMCID: PMC6339955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced sustained swimming exercise at optimal speed enhances growth in many fish species, particularly through hypertrophy of the white skeletal muscle. The exact mechanism of this effect has not been resolved yet. To explore the role of cortisol, we first subjected wild-type zebrafish to an exercise protocol validated for exercise-enhanced growth, and showed that exercised zebrafish, which indeed showed enhanced growth, had higher cortisol levels than the non-exercised controls. A central role was therefore hypothesized for the steroid hormone cortisol acting through the Glucocorticoid receptor (Gr). Second, we subjected wild-type zebrafish and zebrafish with a mutant Gr to exercise at optimal, suboptimal, and super-optimal speeds and compared them with non-exercised controls. Exercised zebrafish showed growth enhancement at all speeds, with highest growth at optimal speeds. In the Gr mutant fish, exercise resulted in growth enhancement similar to wild-type zebrafish, indicating that cortisol signaling through Gr cannot be considered as a main determinant of exercise-enhanced growth. Finally, the transcriptome of white skeletal muscle tissue was analyzed by RNA sequencing. The results of this analysis showed that in the muscle tissue of Gr mutant fish a lower number of genes is regulated by exercise than in wild-type fish (183 vs. 351). A cluster of 36 genes was regulated by exercise in both wild-type and mutant fish, and in this cluster genes involved in transcriptional regulation and protein ubiquitination were overrepresented. Because these two processes appear to be regulated in both wild type and mutant fish, which both display exercise-enhanced growth, we suggest that they play an important role in the growth of muscles upon exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan P Palstra
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Yerseke, Netherlands.,Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Silvia Mendez
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Yerseke, Netherlands.,Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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11
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Differential Role of Hypothalamic AMPKα Isoforms in Fish: an Evolutive Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5051-5066. [PMID: 30460617 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 and α2 isoforms mainly relate to regulation of thermogenesis/liver metabolism and food intake, respectively. Since both isoforms are present in fish, which do not thermoregulate, we assessed their role(s) in hypothalamus regarding control of food intake and energy homeostasis. Since many fish species are carnivorous and mostly mammals are omnivorous, assessing if the role of hypothalamic AMPK is different is also an open question. Using the rainbow trout as a fish model, we first observed that food deprivation for 5 days did not significantly increase phosphorylation status of AMPKα in hypothalamus. Then, we administered adenoviral vectors that express dominant negative (DN) AMPKα1 or AMPKα2 isoforms. The inhibition of AMPKα2 (but not AMPKα1) led to decreased food intake. The central inhibition of AMPKα2 resulted in liver with decreased capacity of use and synthesis of glucose, lipids, and amino acids suggesting that a signal of nutrient abundance flows from hypothalamus to the liver, thus suggesting a role for central AMPKα2 in the regulation of peripheral metabolism in fishes. The central inhibition of AMPKα1 induced comparable changes in liver metabolism though at a lower extent. From an evolutionary point of view, it is of interest that the function of central AMPKα2 remained similar throughout the vertebrate lineage. In contrast, the function of central AMPKα1 in fish relates to modulation of liver metabolism whereas in mammals modulates not only liver metabolism but also brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.
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Rovira M, Borràs DM, Marques IJ, Puig C, Planas JV. Physiological Responses to Swimming-Induced Exercise in the Adult Zebrafish Regenerating Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1362. [PMID: 30327615 PMCID: PMC6174316 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise promotes a set of physiological responses known to provide long-term health benefits and it can play an important role in cardioprotection. In the present study, we examined cardiac responses to exercise training in the adult zebrafish and in the context of cardiac regeneration. We found that swimming-induced exercise increased cardiomyocyte proliferation and that this response was also found under regenerating conditions, when exercise was performed either prior to and after ventricular cryoinjury (CI). Exercise prior to CI resulted in a mild improvement in cardiac function and lesion recovery over the non-exercise condition. Transcriptomic profiling of regenerating ventricles in cryoinjured fish subjected to exercise identified genes possibly involved in the cardioprotective effects of exercise and that could represent potential targets for heart regeneration strategies. Taken together, our results suggest that exercise constitutes a physiological stimulus that may help promote cardiomyogenic mechanisms of the vertebrate heart through the induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation. The zebrafish exercise model may be useful for investigating the potential cardioprotective effects of exercise in teleost fish and to contribute to further identify and develop novel avenues in basic research to promote heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Rovira
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel M Borràs
- Research and Development Department, GenomeScan B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Inês J Marques
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Puig
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep V Planas
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Boskovic S, Marín-Juez R, Jasnic J, Reischauer S, El Sammak H, Kojic A, Faulkner G, Radojkovic D, Stainier DYR, Kojic S. Characterization of zebrafish (Danio rerio) muscle ankyrin repeat proteins reveals their conserved response to endurance exercise. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204312. [PMID: 30252882 PMCID: PMC6155536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle proteins with ankyrin repeats (MARPs) ANKRD1 and ANKRD2 are titin-associated proteins with a putative role as transcriptional co-regulators in striated muscle, involved in the cellular response to mechanical, oxidative and metabolic stress. Since many aspects of the biology of MARPs, particularly exact mechanisms of their action, in striated muscle are still elusive, research in this field will benefit from novel animal model system. Here we investigated the MARPs found in zebrafish for protein structure, evolutionary conservation, spatiotemporal expression profiles and response to increased muscle activity. Ankrd1 and Ankrd2 show overall moderate conservation at the protein level, more pronounced in the region of ankyrin repeats, motifs indispensable for their function. The two zebrafish genes, ankrd1a and ankrd1b, counterparts of mammalian ANKRD1/Ankrd1, have different expression profiles during first seven days of development. Mild increase of ankrd1a transcript levels was detected at 72 hpf (1.74±0.24 fold increase relative to 24 hpf time point), while ankrd1b expression was markedly upregulated from 24 hpf onward and peaked at 72 hpf (92.18±36.95 fold increase relative to 24 hpf time point). Spatially, they exhibited non-overlapping expression patterns during skeletal muscle development in trunk (ankrd1a) and tail (ankrd1b) somites. Expression of ankrd2 was barely detectable. Zebrafish MARPs, expressed at a relatively low level in adult striated muscle, were found to be responsive to endurance exercise training consisting of two bouts of 3 hours of forced swimming daily, for five consecutive days. Three hours after the last exercise bout, ankrd1a expression increased in cardiac muscle (6.19±5.05 fold change), while ankrd1b and ankrd2 were upregulated in skeletal muscle (1.97±1.05 and 1.84±0.58 fold change, respectively). This study provides the foundation to establish zebrafish as a novel in vivo model for further investigation of MARPs function in striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Boskovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jovana Jasnic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hadil El Sammak
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ana Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dragica Radojkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Snezana Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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