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Andrade MT, Barbosa NHS, Souza-Junior RCS, Fonseca CG, Damasceno WC, Regina-Oliveira K, Drummond LR, Bittencourt MA, Kunstetter AC, Andrade PVR, Hudson ASR, Paula PH, Teixeira-Coelho F, Coimbra CC, Pires W, Wanner SP. Determinants of body core temperatures at fatigue in rats subjected to incremental-speed exercise: The prominent roles of ambient temperature, distance traveled, initial core temperature, and measurement site. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:761-775. [PMID: 36935415 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that underlie the physical exercise-induced increase in body core temperature (TCORE) is essential to developing strategies to counteract hyperthermic fatigue and reduce the risk of exertional heatstroke. This study analyzed the contribution of six factors to TCORE attained at fatigue in Wistar rats (n = 218) subjected to incremental-speed treadmill running: ambient temperature (TAMB), distance traveled, initial TCORE, body mass, measurement site, and heat loss index (HLI). First, we ran hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses with data from different studies conducted in our laboratory (n = 353 recordings). We observed that TAMB, distance traveled, initial TCORE, and measurement site were the variables with predictive power. Next, regression analyses were conducted with data for each of the following TCORE indices: abdominal (TABD), brain cortex (TBRAIN), or colonic (TCOL) temperature. Our findings indicated that TAMB, distance traveled (i.e., an exercise performance-related variable), initial TCORE, and HLI predicted the three TCORE indices at fatigue. Most intriguingly, HLI was inversely related to TABD and TBRAIN but positively associated with TCOL. Lastly, we compared the temperature values at fatigue among these TCORE indices, and the following descendent order was noticed - TCOL, TABD, and TBRAIN - irrespective of TAMB where experiments were conducted. In conclusion, TCORE in rats exercised to fatigue depends primarily on environmental conditions, performance, pre-exercise TCORE, and measurement site. Moreover, the influence of cutaneous heat loss on TCOL is qualitatively different from the influence on TABD and TBRAIN, and the temperature values at fatigue are not homogenous within the body core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo T Andrade
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicolas H S Barbosa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberto C S Souza-Junior
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cletiana G Fonseca
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - William C Damasceno
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kássya Regina-Oliveira
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas R Drummond
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade Divinópolis, MG, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Myla A Bittencourt
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana C Kunstetter
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro V R Andrade
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S R Hudson
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Paula
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Francisco Teixeira-Coelho
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, MG, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Cândido C Coimbra
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Washington Pires
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Andrade MT, Goulart KNO, Barbosa NHS, Soares DD, Andrade AGP, Gonçalves DAP, Mendes TT, Coimbra CC, Wanner SP. Core body temperatures of rats subjected to treadmill exercise to fatigue or exhaustion: The journal Temperature toolbox. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 10:287-312. [PMID: 37554383 PMCID: PMC10405761 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2115274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed the literature reporting the changes in rats' core body temperature (TCORE) induced by either incremental- or constant-speed running to fatigue or exhaustion. In addition, multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the factors contributing to the TCORE values attained when exercise was interrupted. Four databases (EMBASE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched in October 2021, and this search was updated in August 2022. Seventy-two studies (n = 1,538 rats) were included in the systematic review. These studies described heterogeneous experimental conditions; for example, the ambient temperature ranged from 5 to 40°C. The rats quit exercising with TCORE values varying more than 8°C among studies, with the lowest and highest values corresponding to 34.9°C and 43.4°C, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the ambient temperature (p < 0.001), initial TCORE (p < 0.001), distance traveled (p < 0.001; only incremental exercises), and running speed and duration (p < 0.001; only constant exercises) contributed significantly to explaining the variance in the TCORE at the end of the exercise. In conclusion, rats subjected to treadmill running exhibit heterogeneous TCORE when fatigued or exhausted. Moreover, it is not possible to determine a narrow range of TCORE associated with exercise cessation in hyperthermic rats. Ambient temperature, initial TCORE, and physical performance-related variables are the best predictors of TCORE at fatigue or exhaustion. From a broader perspective, this systematic review provides relevant information for selecting appropriate methods in future studies designed to investigate exercise thermoregulation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo T. Andrade
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karine N. O. Goulart
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicolas H. S. Barbosa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danusa D. Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André G. P. Andrade
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dawit A. P. Gonçalves
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago T. Mendes
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cândido C. Coimbra
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Samuel P. Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Reliability of physical performance and thermoregulatory parameters in rats subjected to incremental treadmill running. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Verduzco-Mendoza A, Bueno-Nava A, Wang D, Martínez-Burnes J, Olmos-Hernández A, Casas A, Domínguez A, Mota-Rojas D. Experimental Applications and Factors Involved in Validating Thermal Windows Using Infrared Thermography to Assess the Health and Thermostability of Laboratory Animals. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3448. [PMID: 34944225 PMCID: PMC8698170 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating laboratory animals' health and thermostability are fundamental components of all experimental designs. Alterations in either one of these parameters have been shown to trigger physiological changes that can compromise the welfare of the species and the replicability and robustness of the results obtained. Due to the nature and complexity of evaluating and managing the species involved in research protocols, non-invasive tools such as infrared thermography (IRT) have been adopted to quantify these parameters without altering them or inducing stress responses in the animals. IRT technology makes it possible to quantify changes in surface temperatures that are derived from alterations in blood flow that can result from inflammatory, stressful, or pathological processes; changes can be measured in diverse regions, called thermal windows, according to their specific characteristics. The principal body regions that were employed for this purpose in laboratory animals were the orbital zone (regio orbitalis), auricular pavilion (regio auricularis), tail (cauda), and the interscapular area (regio scapularis). However, depending on the species and certain external factors, the sensitivity and specificity of these windows are still subject to controversy due to contradictory results published in the available literature. For these reasons, the objectives of the present review are to discuss the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in vasomotor responses and thermogenesis via BAT in laboratory animals and to evaluate the scientific usefulness of IRT and the thermal windows that are currently used in research involving laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- PhD Program in Biological and Health Sciences [Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud], Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Bueno-Nava
- División of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Mexico;
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology—Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Casas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Adriana Domínguez
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.C.); (A.D.)
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Teixeira-Coelho F, Fonseca CG, Vaz FF, Barbosa NHS, Soares DD, Pires W, Wanner SP. Physical exercise-induced thermoregulatory responses in trained rats: Effects of manipulating the duration and intensity of aerobic training sessions. J Therm Biol 2021; 97:102878. [PMID: 33863441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of increasing the intensity and/or duration of aerobic training sessions on thermoregulatory responses in rats subjected to exercises in temperate and warm environments. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control (CON) group and three groups that were subjected to an 8-week aerobic training, during which the physical overload was achieved by predominantly increasing the exercise intensity (INT), duration (DUR) or by increasing both in an alternate manner (ID). During the last week of training, the rats received an abdominal sensor implant to measure their core body temperature (TCORE) by telemetry. After the training protocol, the 32 rats were subjected to incremental speed-exercises in temperate (23 °C) and warm (32 °C) environments. The rats had their TCORE recorded while running on a treadmill, and the ratio between the increase in TCORE and distance traveled was calculated to estimate thermoregulatory efficiency. All training protocols increased the rats' thermoregulatory efficiency during the incremental-speed exercise at 23 °C; i.e., trained rats attained faster running speeds but unchanged TCORE at fatigue compared to CON rats. However, none of the load components of training sessions - intensity or duration - was more effective than the other in improving this efficiency. At 32 °C, the aerobic training protocols did not influence the exercise-induced thermoregulatory responses. Our data indicate that different progressions in aerobic training performed at temperate conditions improved thermoregulatory efficiency during incremental exercise in the same environment; this training-induced adaptation was not clearly observed when running in warmer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Teixeira-Coelho
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Science. Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Cletiana Gonçalves Fonseca
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Filipe Ferreira Vaz
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Henrique Santos Barbosa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danusa Dias Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Washington Pires
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Shang FLT, Wanner SP, Damasceno WC, Martins YAT, Silva A, Prado LS. Independent effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation and exposure to environmental heat stress on aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 8:188-201. [PMID: 33997117 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1829939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that aerobic performance is degraded either by environmental heat stress or sleep deprivation. However, whether these conditions interact to produce more significant performance impairment deserves further investigation. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of experimental sleep deprivation (24 h or 96 h) on aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses in rats exercised on a treadmill at different environmental conditions. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (RSD) using the modified multiple platform method and were then subjected to an incremental-speed exercise until they were fatigued. Treadmill running was performed in a temperate (24°C) or warm (31°C) environment, and the colonic temperature (an index of core body temperature; TCORE) and the tail-skin temperature (TSKIN; an index of cutaneous heat loss) were recorded. 24-h and 96-h RSD produced small magnitude reductions in aerobic performance (Cohen's d = 0.47-0.58) and minor changes in thermoregulation. Relative to control rats, sleep-deprived rats showed a higher TCORE at the exercise initiation and a higher threshold for activating cutaneous heat loss, but unchanged TCORE and TSKIN at fatigue. Exercise at 31°C induced large reductions in performance (d = 0.82-1.29) and marked changes in thermoregulation, as evidenced by higher TCORE and TSKIN at fatigue, compared to exercise at 24°C. Interestingly, none of the effects induced by RSD were exacerbated by environmental heat stress and vice-versa, indicating that both conditions did not interact. We conclude that RSD and heat stress modulate aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses by acting independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Lioe Teh Shang
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - William Coutinho Damasceno
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ygor Antônio Tinoco Martins
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva
- Psychobiology and Exercise Studies Centre, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciano Sales Prado
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Drummond LR, Campos HO, de Andrade Lima PM, da Fonseca CG, Kunstetter AC, Rodrigues QT, Szawka RE, Natali AJ, Prímola-Gomes TN, Wanner SP, Coimbra CC. Impaired thermoregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats during physical exercise is related to reduced hypothalamic neuronal activation. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1757-1768. [PMID: 33040159 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the physical exercise-induced neuronal activation in brain nuclei controlling thermoregulatory responses in hypertensive and normotensive rats. Sixteen-week-old male normotensive Wistar rats (NWRs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were implanted with an abdominal temperature sensor. After recovery, the animals were subjected to a constant-speed treadmill running (at 60% of the maximum aerobic speed) for 30 min at 25 °C. Core (Tcore) and tail-skin (Tskin) temperatures were measured every minute during exercise. Ninety minutes after the exercise, the rats were euthanized, and their brains were collected to determine the c-Fos protein expression in the following areas that modulate thermoregulatory responses: medial preoptic area (mPOA), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), and supraoptic nucleus (SON). During treadmill running, the SHR group exhibited a greater increase in Tcore and an augmented threshold for cutaneous heat loss relative to the NWR group. In addition, the SHRs showed reduced neuronal activation in the mPOA (< 49.7%) and PVN (< 44.2%), but not in the SON. The lower exercise-induced activation in the mPOA and PVN in hypertensive rats was strongly related to the delayed onset of cutaneous heat loss. We conclude that the enhanced exercise-induced hyperthermia in hypertensive rats can be partially explained by a delayed cutaneous heat loss, which is, in turn, associated with reduced activation of brain areas modulating thermoregulatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rios Drummond
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627., Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Helton Oliveira Campos
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627., Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcelo de Andrade Lima
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627., Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cletiana Gonçalves da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cançado Kunstetter
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Quezia Teixeira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627., Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Raphael Escorsim Szawka
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627., Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio José Natali
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Thales Nicolau Prímola-Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cândido Celso Coimbra
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627., Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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Bittencourt MA, Wanner SP, Kunstetter AC, Barbosa NHS, Walker PCL, Andrade PVR, Turnes T, Guglielmo LGA. Comparative effects of two heat acclimation protocols consisting of high-intensity interval training in the heat on aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229335. [PMID: 32084208 PMCID: PMC7034902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acclimation resulting from low- to moderate-intensity physical exertion in the heat induces several thermoregulatory adaptations, including slower exercise-induced increases in core body temperature. However, few studies have investigated the thermoregulatory adaptations induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the adaptations in rats’ thermoregulatory parameters and aerobic performance observed after two different heat acclimation regimens consisting of HIIT protocols performed in a hot environment. Twenty-three adult male Wistar rats were initially subjected to an incremental-speed exercise at 32°C until they were fatigued and then randomly assigned to one of the following three heat acclimation strategies: passive heat exposure without any exercise (untrained controls–UN; n = 7), HIIT performed at the maximal aerobic speed (HIIT100%; n = 8) and HIIT performed at a high but submaximal speed (HIIT85%; n = 8). Following the two weeks of interventions, the rats were again subjected to a fatiguing incremental exercise at 32°C, while their colonic temperature (TCOL) was recorded. The workload performed by the rats and their thermoregulatory efficiency were calculated. After the intervention period, rats subjected to both HIIT protocols attained greater workloads (HIIT100%: 313.7 ± 21.9 J vs. HIIT85%: 318.1 ± 32.6 J vs. UN: 250.8 ± 32.4 J; p < 0.01) and presented a lower ratio between the change in TCOL and the distance travelled (HIIT100%: 4.95 ± 0.42°C/km vs. HIIT85%: 4.33 ± 0.59°C/km vs. UN: 6.14 ± 1.03°C/km; p < 0.001) when compared to UN rats. The latter finding indicates better thermoregulatory efficiency in trained animals. No differences were observed between rats subjected to the two HIIT regimens. In conclusion, the two HIIT protocols induce greater thermoregulatory adaptations and performance improvements than passive heat exposure. These adaptations do not differ between the two training protocols investigated in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myla Aguiar Bittencourt
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Cançado Kunstetter
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Henrique Santos Barbosa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Carolina Leite Walker
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Victor Ribeiro Andrade
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Turnes
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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9
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Vavřínová A, Behuliak M, Bencze M, Vodička M, Ergang P, Vaněčková I, Zicha J. Sympathectomy-induced blood pressure reduction in adult normotensive and hypertensive rats is counteracted by enhanced cardiovascular sensitivity to vasoconstrictors. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:1872-1882. [PMID: 31527789 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of chemical sympathectomy on cardiovascular parameters and the compensatory role of adrenal hormones, the renin-angiotensin system, and cardiovascular sensitivity to vasoconstrictors were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Sympathectomy was induced in 20-week-old rats by daily intraperitoneal guanethidine administration (30 mg/kg b.w.) for 2 weeks. Basal blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and restraint stress-induced cardiovascular changes were measured by radiotelemetry. The BP response to catecholamines was determined in rats with implanted catheters. Sympathectomy decreased BP only transiently, and after 14-day guanethidine treatment, BP returned to basal values in both strains. Sympathectomy permanently lowered HR, improved baroreflex sensitivity, and decreased the low-frequency domain of systolic blood pressure variability (a marker of vascular sympathetic activity). Guanethidine also attenuated the BP and HR responses to restraint stress. On the other hand, the BP response to catecholamines was augmented in sympathectomized rats, and this was not due to the de novo synthesis of vascular adrenergic receptors. Sympathectomy caused adrenal enlargement, enhanced the expression of adrenal catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, and elevated plasma adrenaline levels in both strains, especially in WKY rats. Guanethidine also increased the plasma levels of aldosterone and corticosterone in WKY rats only. In conclusion, sympathectomy produced a transient decrease in BP, a chronic decrease in HR and improvement in baroreflex sensitivity. The effect of sympathectomy on BP was counteracted by increased vascular sensitivity to catecholamines in WKY rats and SHRs and/or by the enhanced secretion of adrenal hormones, which was more pronounced in WKY rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vavřínová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bencze
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vodička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Ergang
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Drummond LR, Kunstetter AC, Campos HO, Vaz FF, Drummond FR, Andrade AG, Coimbra CC, Natali AJ, Wanner SP, Prímola-Gomes TN. Spontaneously hypertensive rats have greater impairments in regulating abdominal temperature than brain cortex temperature following physical exercise. J Therm Biol 2019; 83:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Rabelo PCR, Cordeiro LMS, Aquino NSS, Fonseca BBB, Coimbra CC, Wanner SP, Szawka RE, Soares DD. Rats with higher intrinsic exercise capacities exhibit greater preoptic dopamine levels and greater mechanical and thermoregulatory efficiencies while running. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:393-402. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00092.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether intrinsic exercise capacity affects the changes in thermoregulation, metabolism and central dopamine (DA) induced by treadmill running. Male Wistar rats were subjected to three incremental exercises and ranked as low-performance (LP), standard-performance (SP), and high-performance (HP) rats. In the first experiment, abdominal (TABD) and tail (TTAIL) temperatures were registered in these rats during submaximal exercise (SE) at 60% of maximal speed. Immediately after SE, rats were decapitated and concentrations of DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were determined in the preoptic area (POA). In the second experiment, oxygen consumption was measured and mechanical efficiency (ME) was calculated in these rats during an incremental exercise. HP rats ran for longer periods and were fatigued with higher TABD values, with no difference in TTAIL. Nevertheless, thermoregulatory efficiency was higher in HP rats, compared with other groups. DA and DOPAC concentrations in the POA were increased by SE, with higher levels in HP compared with LP and SP rats. V̇o2 also differed between groups, with HP rats displaying a lower consumption throughout the incremental exercise but a higher V̇o2 at fatigue. ME, in turn, was consistently higher in HP than in LP and SP rats. Thus, our results show that HP rats have greater TABD values at fatigue, which seem to be related to a higher dopaminergic activity in the POA. Moreover, HP rats exhibited a greater thermoregulatory efficiency during exercise, which can be attributed to a lower V̇o2, but not to changes in tail heat loss mechanisms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings reveal that rats with higher intrinsic exercise capacities have greater thermoregulatory efficiencies and increased dopaminergic activity in the preoptic area, a key brain area in thermoregulatory control, while exercising. Moreover, higher intrinsic exercise capacities are associated with decreased oxygen consumption for a given exercise intensity, which indicates greater mechanical efficiencies. Collectively, these findings help to advance our knowledge of why some rats of a given strain can exercise for longer periods than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia C. R. Rabelo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia M. S. Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunometabolismo, Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nayara S. S. Aquino
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno B. B. Fonseca
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cândido C. Coimbra
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel P. Wanner
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raphael E. Szawka
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danusa D. Soares
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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