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McPherson PAC, Alphonso L, Johnston BM. The quantum mechanics of skincare: A context for the biochemistry curriculum. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 52:403-410. [PMID: 38456572 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Designing a relevant and engaging curriculum for biochemistry undergraduates can be challenging for topics which are at the periphery of the subject. We have used the framework of context-based learning as a means of assessing understanding of quantum theory in a group of students in their junior year. Our context, the role of retinol in skincare, provides a basis for the simple application of quantum mechanical principles to a biological context in an adaptation of the polyene in a box concept. As part of the learner journey, they gain experience of practical computational chemistry, which provided an in silico alternative to traditional laboratory work during the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic. Student feedback was overwhelmingly positive, and this approach is now firmly embedded in the undergraduate curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A C McPherson
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Centre for Applied Science, Belfast Metropolitan College, Belfast, UK
| | - Lynsey Alphonso
- Centre for Applied Science, Belfast Metropolitan College, Belfast, UK
| | - Ben M Johnston
- Centre for Applied Science, Belfast Metropolitan College, Belfast, UK
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2
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Ksas B, Chiarenza S, Dubourg N, Ménard V, Gilbin R, Havaux M. Plant acclimation to ionising radiation requires activation of a detoxification pathway against carbonyl-containing lipid oxidation products. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38831671 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Ionising γ radiation produces reactive oxygen species by water radiolysis, providing an interesting model approach for studying oxidative stress in plants. Three-week old plants of Arabidopsis thaliana were exposed to a low dose rate (25 mGy h-1) of γ radiation for up to 21 days. This treatment had no effect on plant growth and morphology, but it induced chronic oxidation of lipids which was associated with an accumulation of reactive carbonyl species (RCS). However, contrary to lipid peroxidation, lipid RCS accumulation was transient only, being maximal after 1 day of irradiation and decreasing back to the initial level during the subsequent days of continuous irradiation. This indicates the induction of a carbonyl-metabolising process during chronic ionising radiation. Accordingly, the γ-radiation treatment induced the expression of xenobiotic detoxification-related genes (AER, SDR1, SDR3, ALDH4, and ANAC102). The transcriptomic response of some of those genes (AER, SDR1, and ANAC102) was deregulated in the tga256 mutant affected in three TGAII transcription factors, leading to enhanced and/or prolonged accumulation of RCS and to a marked inhibition of plant growth during irradiation compared to the wild type. These results show that Arabidopsis is able to acclimate to chronic oxidative stress and that this phenomenon requires activation of a carbonyl detoxification mechanism controlled by TGAII. This acclimation did not occur when plants were exposed to an acute γ radiation stress (100 Gy) which led to persistent accumulation of RCS and marked inhibition of plant growth. This study shows the role of secondary products of lipid peroxidation in the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Ksas
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265 CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biosciences et de Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (BIAM), CEA/Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265 CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biosciences et de Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (BIAM), CEA/Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Nicolas Dubourg
- IRSN, Service de Radioprotection des Populations et de l'Environnement (SERPEN), MICADOLab, CEA/Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Véronique Ménard
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Rodophe Gilbin
- IRSN, Service de Radioprotection des Populations et de l'Environnement (SERPEN), MICADOLab, CEA/Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Michel Havaux
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265 CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biosciences et de Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (BIAM), CEA/Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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3
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Mould RR, Mackenzie AM, Kalampouka I, Nunn AVW, Thomas EL, Bell JD, Botchway SW. Ultra weak photon emission-a brief review. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1348915. [PMID: 38420619 PMCID: PMC10899412 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1348915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells emit light at ultra-low intensities: photons which are produced as by-products of cellular metabolism, distinct from other light emission processes such as delayed luminescence, bioluminescence, and chemiluminescence. The phenomenon is known by a large range of names, including, but not limited to, biophotons, biological autoluminescence, metabolic photon emission and ultraweak photon emission (UPE), the latter of which shall be used for the purposes of this review. It is worth noting that the photons when produced are neither 'weak' nor specifically biological in characteristics. Research of UPE has a long yet tattered past, historically hamstrung by a lack of technology sensitive enough to detect it. Today, as technology progresses rapidly, it is becoming easier to detect and image these photons, as well as to describe their function. In this brief review we will examine the history of UPE research, their proposed mechanism, possible biological role, the detection of the phenomenon, and the potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys R Mould
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair M Mackenzie
- OCTOPUS, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Ifigeneia Kalampouka
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair V W Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- The Guy Foundation, Beaminster, United Kingdom
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- OCTOPUS, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, United Kingdom
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Zhang Z, Liu Q, Deng Z, Liu J, Li S, Hong M, Peng Y. Evaluating the Metabolic Basis of α-Gal A mRNA Therapy for Fabry Disease. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:106. [PMID: 38392324 PMCID: PMC10886685 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
mRNA injection-based protein supplementation has emerged as a feasible treatment for Fabry disease. However, whether the introduction of LNP-encapsulated mRNA results in the alteration of metabolomics in an in vivo system remains largely unknown. In the present study, α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) mRNA was generated and injected into the Fabry disease mouse model. The α-Gal A protein was successfully expressed. The level of globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3), a biomarker for Fabry disease, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were greatly decreased compared to the untreated control, indicating the therapeutic outcome of the mRNA drug. Metabolomics analysis found that the level of 20 metabolites was significantly altered in the plasma of mRNA-injected mice. These compounds are primarily enriched in the arachidonic acid metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways. Arachidonic acid and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), both of which are important components in the eicosanoid pathway and related to inflammation response, were significantly increased in the injected mice, possibly due to the presence of lipid nanoparticles. Moreover, mRNA can effectively alter the level of metabolites in the amino acid and energy metabolic pathways that are commonly found to be suppressed in Fabry disease. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that in addition to supplementing the deficient α-Gal A protein, the mRNA-based therapeutic agent can also affect levels of metabolites that may help in the recovery of metabolic homeostasis in the full body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Zhang
- Liverna Therapeutics Inc., Zhuhai 519000, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Liverna Therapeutics Inc., Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Zhiwen Deng
- Liverna Therapeutics Inc., Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Liverna Therapeutics Inc., Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Liverna Therapeutics Inc., Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Mei Hong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yucai Peng
- Liverna Therapeutics Inc., Zhuhai 519000, China
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Liu C, Ding X, Xie Y, Chen C, Zhao M, Duan Y, Yuan G, Ren J. Isolation and purification of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S. Y. Hu peptides and study of their antioxidant effects and mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1353871. [PMID: 38389921 PMCID: PMC10883310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1353871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant effects in the body, which is closely associated with aging and many diseases. Therefore, the development of antioxidants has become urgent. In this study, we isolated three polypeptides, G-6-Y, P-8-R, and F-10-W, from Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S. Y. Hu (E. sessiliflorus), based on the antioxidant and anti-aging properties of Eleutherococcus, and screened the most powerful free radical scavenging peptide P-8-R. Ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress damage in the skin was established to test the efficacy of P-8-R. In cellular experiments, P-8-R not only prevented oxidative stress damage in HaCaT cells, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and inhibited the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases but also inhibited apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway; in animal experiments, P-8-R was able to prevent oxidative stress damage in the skin and reduce skin collagen loss by inhibiting the overexpression of MMPs to prevent mouse skin aging. In conclusion, the present study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the active compounds of Eleutherococcus, which is of great significance for the pharmacodynamic mechanism and industrial development of Eleutherococcus, and P-8-R is likely to become a potential antioxidant and anti-aging drug or skin care cosmetic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xuying Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yining Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Meijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College, Jilin, China
| | - Yanming Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Guojing Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Junxi Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
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Poplová M, Prasad A, Van Wijk E, Pospíšil P, Cifra M. Biological Auto(chemi)luminescence Imaging of Oxidative Processes in Human Skin. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14853-14860. [PMID: 37753614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative processes in all types of organisms cause the chemical formation of electronically excited species, with subsequent ultraweak photon emission termed biological auto(chemi)luminescence (BAL). Imaging this luminescence phenomenon using ultrasensitive devices could potentially enable monitoring of oxidative stress in optically accessible areas of the human body, such as skin. Although oxidative stress induced by UV light has been explored, for chemically induced stress, there is no in vivo-quantified imaging of oxidative processes in human skin using BAL under the controlled extent of oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, the mechanisms and dynamics of BAL from the skin have not been fully explored. Here, we demonstrate that different degrees of chemically induced oxidative stress on the skin can be spatially resolved quantitatively through noninvasive label-free BAL imaging. Additionally, to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms, a minimal chemical model of skin based on a mixture of lipid, melanin, and water was developed and used to show that it can be used to reproduce essential features of the response of real skin to oxidative stress. Our results contribute to novel, noninvasive photonic label-free methods for quantitative sensing of oxidative processes and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Poplová
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 00, Czechia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 166 27, Czechia
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Eduard Van Wijk
- Meluna Research Business & Science Park Wageningen, Agro Business Park, 10 6708 PW Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 00, Czechia
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7
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Pinho SA, Anjo SI, Cunha-Oliveira T. Metabolic Priming as a Tool in Redox and Mitochondrial Theragnostics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051072. [PMID: 37237939 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Theragnostics is a promising approach that integrates diagnostics and therapeutics into a single personalized strategy. To conduct effective theragnostic studies, it is essential to create an in vitro environment that accurately reflects the in vivo conditions. In this review, we discuss the importance of redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function in the context of personalized theragnostic approaches. Cells have several ways to respond to metabolic stress, including changes in protein localization, density, and degradation, which can promote cell survival. However, disruption of redox homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress and cellular damage, which are implicated in various diseases. Models of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction should be developed in metabolically conditioned cells to explore the underlying mechanisms of diseases and develop new therapies. By choosing an appropriate cellular model, adjusting cell culture conditions and validating the cellular model, it is possible to identify the most promising therapeutic options and tailor treatments to individual patients. Overall, we highlight the importance of precise and individualized approaches in theragnostics and the need to develop accurate in vitro models that reflect the in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia A Pinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- PDBEB-PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- IIIUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- IIIUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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Ramos LD, Gomes TMV, Stevani CV, Bechara EJH. Mining reactive triplet carbonyls in biological systems. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 243:112712. [PMID: 37116363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic triplet carbonyls can be treated as short-lived radicals, since both species share similar reactions such as hydrogen atom abstraction, cyclization, addition, and isomerization. Importantly, enzyme-generated triplet carbonyls excite triplet molecular oxygen to the highly reactive, electrophilic singlet state by resonance energy transfer, which can react with proteins, lipids, and DNA. Carbonyl triplets, singlet oxygen, and radicals are endowed with the potential to trigger both normal and pathological responses. In this paper, we present a short review of easy, fast, and inexpensive preliminary tests for the detection of transient triplet carbonyls in chemical and biological systems. This paper covers direct and indirect methods to look for triplet carbonyls based on their spectral distribution of chemiluminescence, photoproduct analysis, quenching of light emission by conjugated dienes, and enhancement of light emission by the sensitizer 9,10-dibromoanthracence-2-sulfonate ion (DBAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz D Ramos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M V Gomes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassius V Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Imaging and Characterization of Oxidative Protein Modifications in Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043981. [PMID: 36835390 PMCID: PMC9959078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin plays an important role in protection, metabolism, thermoregulation, sensation, and excretion whilst being consistently exposed to environmental aggression, including biotic and abiotic stresses. During the generation of oxidative stress in the skin, the epidermal and dermal cells are generally regarded as the most affected regions. The participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a result of environmental fluctuations has been experimentally proven by several researchers and is well known to contribute to ultra-weak photon emission via the oxidation of biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). More recently, ultra-weak photon emission detection techniques have been introduced to investigate the conditions of oxidative stress in various living systems in in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies. Research into two-dimensional photon imaging is drawing growing attention because of its application as a non-invasive tool. We monitored spontaneous and stress-induced ultra-weak photon emission under the exogenous application of a Fenton reagent. The results showed a marked difference in the ultra-weak photon emission. Overall, these results suggest that triplet carbonyl (3C=O∗) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are the final emitters. Furthermore, the formation of oxidatively modified protein adducts and protein carbonyl formation upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were observed using an immunoblotting assay. The results from this study broaden our understanding of the mechanism of the generation of ROS in skin layers and the formation/contribution of various excited species can be used as tools to determine the physiological state of the organism.
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Du J, Deng T, Cao B, Wang Z, Yang M, Han J. The application and trend of ultra-weak photon emission in biology and medicine. Front Chem 2023; 11:1140128. [PMID: 36874066 PMCID: PMC9981976 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1140128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-weak bioluminescence, also known as ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), is one of the functional characteristics of biological organisms, characterized by specialized, low-energy level luminescence. Researchers have extensively studied UPE for decades, and the mechanisms by which UPE is generated and its properties have been extensively investigated. However, there has been a gradual shift in research focus on UPE in recent years toward exploring its application value. To better understand the application and trend of UPE in biology and medicine, we have conducted a review of relevant articles in recent years. Among the several topics covered in this review is UPE research in biology and medicine (including traditional Chinese medicine), primarily focused on UPE as a promising non-invasive tool for diagnosis and oxidative metabolism monitoring as well as a potential tool for traditional Chinese medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baorui Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meina Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Naumova EV, Vladimirov YA, Beloussov LV, Tuchin VV, Volodyaev IV. Methods of Studying Ultraweak Photon Emission from Biological Objects: I. History, Types and Properties, Fundamental and Application Significance. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921050158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Tudorachi NB, Totu EE, Fifere A, Ardeleanu V, Mocanu V, Mircea C, Isildak I, Smilkov K, Cărăuşu EM. The Implication of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:985. [PMID: 34205576 PMCID: PMC8233827 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic multifactorial pathology and a current and essential challenge for public health, with a negative impact on the geriatric patient's quality of life. The pathophysiology is not fully known; therefore, no specific treatment has been found to date. The increase in the number of newly diagnosed cases of KOA is worrying, and it is essential to reduce the risk factors and detect those with a protective role in this context. The destructive effects of free radicals consist of the acceleration of chondrosenescence and apoptosis. Among other risk factors, the influence of redox imbalance on the homeostasis of the osteoarticular system is highlighted. The evolution of KOA can be correlated with oxidative stress markers or antioxidant status. These factors reveal the importance of maintaining a redox balance for the joints and the whole body's health, emphasizing the importance of an individualized therapeutic approach based on antioxidant effects. This paper aims to present an updated picture of the implications of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in KOA from pathophysiological and biochemical perspectives, focusing on antioxidant systems that could establish the premises for appropriate treatment to restore the redox balance and improve the condition of patients with KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Bianca Tudorachi
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Mamaia Boulevard 124, 900527 Constanța, Romania; (N.B.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Eugenia Eftimie Totu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–5 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Fifere
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Valeriu Ardeleanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Mamaia Boulevard 124, 900527 Constanța, Romania; (N.B.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Cornelia Mircea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Ibrahim Isildak
- Faculty of Chemistry-Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey;
| | - Katarina Smilkov
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Division of Pharmacy, Department of Applied Pharmacy, Goce Delcev University, Krste Misirkov Street, No. 10-A, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia;
| | - Elena Mihaela Cărăuşu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Nicolae Leon” Building, 13 Grigore Ghica Street, 700259 Iasi, Romania;
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Harada N, Kataoka M, Nakanosho M, Uyama H. Penetration of Singlet Oxygen into Films with Oxygen Permeability Coefficient Close to that of Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:971-979. [PMID: 33973245 DOI: 10.1111/php.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although its antiviral and antibacterial functions help prevent infection, singlet oxygen (1 O2 )-which is generated by the action of light on an endogenous photosensitizer-is cytotoxic. In the present study, we investigated the ability of 1 O2 -generated by the action of visible light on a photosensitizer-to penetrate skin. We used two polymer films with oxygen permeability coefficients similar to that of skin-i.e. cellulose acetate (CA) and ethyl cellulose (EC). Both films contained 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), which was used as an 1 O2 probe. 1 O2 generated externally did not permeate the films by mere contact. Therefore, we conclude that the potential for 1 O2 to penetrate the skin is very low, and films that generate 1 O2 are safe and useful for preventing infections by contact. We also proved that 1 O2 can move between the layers of integrated polymer films when they are joined together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Harada
- Nippon Shokubai Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Kataoka
- Nippon Shokubai Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Zapata F, Pastor-Ruiz V, Ortega-Ojeda F, Montalvo G, Ruiz-Zolle AV, García-Ruiz C. Human ultra-weak photon emission as non-invasive spectroscopic tool for diagnosis of internal states - A review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112141. [PMID: 33540236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the knowledge that human ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is mainly due to the metabolic oxidative stress processes that the skin cells undergo in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), external stressors (like UV radiation), but also internal stressors (like diseases or brain activity) might strongly influence the UPE. This manuscript revises the scientific advances focused on the influence of internal factors on the human UPE. According to literature, the UPE seems to be influenced by some diseases (including diabetes, hemiparesis, protoporphyria, or a typical cold), and even by the cerebral intention/relaxation (brain activity/meditation). These allow to consider UPE as a natural and promising non-invasive spectroscopic tool for helping during the diagnosis of a variety of illnesses or stress- / mood-state disorders. Nonetheless, further research is required for answering some still unresolved controversial points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Zapata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoria Pastor-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ortega-Ojeda
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Libreros 27, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Montalvo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Libreros 27, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Libreros 27, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Tanaka M, Vécsei L. Monitoring the Redox Status in Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E406. [PMID: 33053739 PMCID: PMC7599550 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, over 2.2 million people suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS), a multifactorial demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. MS is characterized by a wide range of motor, autonomic, and psychobehavioral symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and dementia. The blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and postmortem brain samples of MS patients provide evidence on the disturbance of reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis, such as the alterations of oxidative and antioxidative enzyme activities and the presence of degradation products. This review article discusses the components of redox homeostasis, including reactive chemical species, oxidative enzymes, antioxidative enzymes, and degradation products. The reactive chemical species cover frequently discussed reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, infrequently featured reactive chemicals such as sulfur, carbonyl, halogen, selenium, and nucleophilic species that potentially act as reductive, as well as pro-oxidative stressors. The antioxidative enzyme systems cover the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway. The NRF2 and other transcriptional factors potentially become a biomarker sensitive to the initial phase of oxidative stress. Altered components of the redox homeostasis in MS were discussed in search of a diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and/or therapeutic biomarker. Finally, monitoring the battery of reactive chemical species, oxidative enzymes, antioxidative enzymes, and degradation products helps to evaluate the redox status of MS patients to expedite the building of personalized treatment plans for the sake of a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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16
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Gabe Y, Murase D, Kasamatsu S, Osanai O, Takahashi Y, Hachiya A. Exploitation of long-lasting ultraweak photon emission to estimate skin photodamage after ultraviolet exposure. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:309-315. [PMID: 33022822 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing a noninvasive method to estimate skin damage immediately after ultraviolet (UV) exposure is required to minimize the anticipated severe symptoms triggered by early phase UV-induced reactions in the skin. To develop a suitable method, we focused on ultraweak photon emission (UPE) immediately after UV exposure to characterize the relationship of UPE to skin photodamage caused by the UV exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analysis of the correlation between UV-induced UPE and erythema formation characterized by skin redness was conducted in a clinical study. To clarify the source of UPE, time-dependent lipid oxidation was analyzed in human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro using a fluorescence indicator as well as the lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) assay. RESULTS The average amount of UV-induced long-lasting UPE per second, especially from 1 to 3 minutes compared to other time periods after the UV radiation, increased in a dose-dependent manner and was highly correlated with the intensity of cutaneous redness 24 hours after UV exposure. In addition, cellular examinations elucidated that both the long-lasting UPE signals and the increased amounts of LPO 2 minutes after UV radiation were significantly suppressed by Trolox (a vitamin E derivative), which has been shown to inhibit UV-induced erythema formation in human skin. CONCLUSION Long-lasting UPE generated between 1 and 3 minutes immediately after UV exposure, which is associated with LPO production, is a valuable indicator to estimate and/or avoid severe cutaneous photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gabe
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Daiki Murase
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Osanai
- Sensory Science Research, Kao Corporation, Sumida, Japan
| | | | - Akira Hachiya
- Planning and Implementation, Kao Corporation, Sumida, Japan
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Medaka ( Oryzias latipes) Embryo as a Model for the Screening of Compounds That Counteract the Damage Induced by Ultraviolet and High-Energy Visible Light. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165769. [PMID: 32796742 PMCID: PMC7460826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous overexposure to sunlight increases its harmful effects on the skin. For this reason, there is a growing need to characterize economic models more representative of the negative effects and counteracting responses that irradiation causes on human skin. These models will serve for the screening of protective compounds against damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) and high energy visible light (HEV). Therefore, two common in vitro models employed for sunlight irradiation studies, namely human keratinocyte HaCat culture and reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), were compared with the medaka fish embryo model, traditionally used in other scientific disciplines. Using suberythemal doses of UVA and HEV to determine the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and thymine dimers formed by UVB, we show that medaka embryo responds with a lower damage level, more comparable to human skin, than the other two models, probably due to the protective mechanisms that work in a complete organism. In the same way, the protective effects of antioxidant compounds have the greatest effect on medaka embryos. Taken together, these findings suggest that medaka embryos would be a good alternative in vitro model for sunlight effect studies, and for the screening of molecules with counteracting capacity against the damage caused by UV and HEV.
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Miranda ÉGA, Araujo-Chaves JC, Kawai C, Brito AMM, Dias IWR, Arantes JT, Nantes-Cardoso IL. Cardiolipin Structure and Oxidation Are Affected by Ca 2+ at the Interface of Lipid Bilayers. Front Chem 2020; 7:930. [PMID: 32039150 PMCID: PMC6986261 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-overload contributes to the oxidation of mitochondrial membrane lipids and associated events such as the permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening. Numerous experimental studies about the Ca2+/cardiolipin (CL) interaction are reported in the literature, but there are few studies in conjunction with theoretical approaches based on ab initio calculations. In the present study, the lipid fraction of the inner mitochondrial membrane was modeled as POPC/CL large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). POPC/CL and, comparatively, POPC, and CL LUVs were challenged by singlet molecular oxygen using the anionic porphyrin TPPS4 as a photosensitizer and by free radicals produced by Fe2+-citrate. Calcium ion favored both types of lipid oxidation in a lipid composition-dependent manner. In membranes containing predominantly or exclusively POPC, Ca2+ increased the oxidation at later reaction times while the oxidation of CL membranes was exacerbated at the early times of reaction. Considering that Ca2+ interaction affects the lipid structure and packing, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to the Ca2+ association with totally and partially protonated and deprotonated CL, in the presence of water. The interaction of totally and partially protonated CL head groups with Ca2+ decreased the intramolecular P-P distance and increased the hydrophobic volume of the acyl chains. Consistently with the theoretically predicted effect of Ca2+ on CL, in the absence of pro-oxidants, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) challenged by Ca2+ formed buds and many internal vesicles. Therefore, Ca2+ induces changes in CL packing and increases the susceptibility of CL to the oxidation promoted by free radicals and excited species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica G A Miranda
- Laboratory of Nanostructures for Biology and Advanced Materials, NanoBioMAv, Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Araujo-Chaves
- Laboratory of Nanostructures for Biology and Advanced Materials, NanoBioMAv, Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Cintia Kawai
- Laboratory of Nanostructures for Biology and Advanced Materials, NanoBioMAv, Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Adrianne M M Brito
- Laboratory of Nanostructures for Biology and Advanced Materials, NanoBioMAv, Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Igor W R Dias
- Center of Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Jeverson T Arantes
- Center of Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Iseli L Nantes-Cardoso
- Laboratory of Nanostructures for Biology and Advanced Materials, NanoBioMAv, Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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19
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Pospíšil P, Prasad A, Rác M. Mechanism of the Formation of Electronically Excited Species by Oxidative Metabolic Processes: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070258. [PMID: 31284470 PMCID: PMC6681336 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that biological systems, such as microorganisms, plants, and animals, including human beings, form spontaneous electronically excited species through oxidative metabolic processes. Though the mechanism responsible for the formation of electronically excited species is still not clearly understood, several lines of evidence suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the formation of electronically excited species. This review attempts to describe the role of ROS in the formation of electronically excited species during oxidative metabolic processes. Briefly, the oxidation of biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids by ROS initiates a cascade of reactions that leads to the formation of triplet excited carbonyls formed by the decomposition of cyclic (1,2-dioxetane) and linear (tetroxide) high-energy intermediates. When chromophores are in proximity to triplet excited carbonyls, the triplet-singlet and triplet-triplet energy transfers from triplet excited carbonyls to chromophores result in the formation of singlet and triplet excited chromophores, respectively. Alternatively, when molecular oxygen is present, the triplet-singlet energy transfer from triplet excited carbonyls to molecular oxygen initiates the formation of singlet oxygen. Understanding the mechanism of the formation of electronically excited species allows us to use electronically excited species as a marker for oxidative metabolic processes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rác
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Di Mascio P, Martinez GR, Miyamoto S, Ronsein GE, Medeiros MHG, Cadet J. Singlet Molecular Oxygen Reactions with Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Proteins. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2043-2086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Glaucia R. Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Graziella E. Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Marisa H. G. Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4 Québec, Canada
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