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Ji X, Li Q, Liu Z, Wu W, Zhang C, Sui H, Chen M. Identification of Active Components for Sports Supplements: Machine Learning-Driven Classification and Cell-Based Validation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11347-11355. [PMID: 38496927 PMCID: PMC10938306 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The identification of active components is critical for the development of sports supplements. However, high-throughput screening of active components remains a challenge. This study sought to construct prediction models to screen active components from herbal medicines via machine learning and validate the screening by using cell-based assays. The six constructed models had an accuracy of >0.88. Twelve randomly selected active components from the screening were tested for their active potency on C2C12 cells, and 11 components induced a significant increase in myotube diameters and protein synthesis. The effect and mechanism of luteolin among the 11 active components as potential sports supplements were then investigated by using immunofluorescence staining and high-content imaging analysis. It showed that luteolin increased the skeletal muscle performance via the activation of PGC-1α and MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, high-throughput prediction models can be effectively used to screen active components as sports supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Ji
- State
Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di
Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Qiuyun Li
- NMPA
Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Food Safety and Health
Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Weiliang Wu
- NMPA
Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Food Safety and Health
Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhang
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Haixia Sui
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Min Chen
- State
Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di
Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Qian L, Zhu Y, Deng C, Liang Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yang Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424050 PMCID: PMC10904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Ren Z, Ahn EH, Do M, Mair DB, Monemianesfahani A, Lee PHU, Kim DH. Simulated microgravity attenuates myogenesis and contractile function of 3D engineered skeletal muscle tissues. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38365862 PMCID: PMC10873406 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
While the effects of microgravity on inducing skeletal muscle atrophy have been extensively studied, the impacts of microgravity on myogenesis and its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we developed a microphysiological system of engineered muscle tissue (EMT) fabricated using a collagen / Matrigel composite hydrogel and murine skeletal myoblasts. This 3D EMT model allows non-invasive quantitative assessment of contractile function. After applying a 7-day differentiation protocol to induce myotube formation, the EMTs clearly exhibited sarcomerogenesis, myofilament formation, and synchronous twitch and tetanic contractions with electrical stimuli. Using this 3D EMT system, we investigated the effects of simulated microgravity at 10-3 G on myogenesis and contractile function utilizing a random positioning machine. EMTs cultured for 5 days in simulated microgravity exhibited significantly reduced contractile forces, myofiber size, and differential expression of muscle contractile, myogenesis regulatory, and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins. These results indicate simulated microgravity attenuates myogenesis, resulting in impaired muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Minjae Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Devin B Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Amir Monemianesfahani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peter H U Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southcoast Health, Fall River, MA, 02720, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Kumar S, Chhabra V, Shenoy S, Daksh R, Ravichandiran V, Swamy RS, Kumar N. Role of Flavonoids in Modulation of Mitochondria Dynamics during Oxidative Stress. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:908-919. [PMID: 37861054 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575259219230920093214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are a widespread category of naturally occurring polyphenols distinguished by the flavan nucleus in plant-based foods and beverages, known for their various health benefits. Studies have suggested that consuming 150-500 mg of flavonoids daily is beneficial for health. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids are involved in maintaining mitochondrial activity and preventing impairment of mitochondrial dynamics by oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE This review emphasized the significance of studying the impact of flavonoids on mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. METHODS This review analysed and summarised the findings related to the impact of flavonoids on mitochondria from publicly available search engines namely Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. DESCRIPTION Any disruption in mitochondrial dynamics can contribute to cellular dysfunction and diseases, including cancer, cardiac conditions, and neurodegeneration. Flavonoids have been shown to modulate mitochondrial dynamics by regulating protein expression involved in fission and fusion events. Furthermore, flavonoids exhibit potent antioxidant properties by lowering the production of ROS and boosting the performance of antioxidant enzymes. Persistent inflammation is a characteristic of many different disorders. This is because flavonoids also alter the inflammatory response by controlling the expression of numerous cytokines and chemokines involved in the inflammatory process. Flavonoids exhibit an impressive array of significant health effects, making them an effective therapeutic agent for managing various disorders. Further this review summarised available mechanisms underlying flavonoids' actions on mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress to recognize the optimal dose and duration of flavonoid intake for therapeutic purposes. CONCLUSION This review may provide a solid foundation for developing targeted therapeutic interventions utilizing flavonoids, ultimately benefiting individuals afflicted with various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Vishal Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Rajni Daksh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Ravindra Shantakumar Swamy
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences (DBMS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
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Zhang Y, Li S, Nie H, Wang X, Li X, Wen J, Li M, Song Y. The rs17782313 polymorphism near MC4R gene confers a high risk of obesity and hyperglycemia, while PGC1α rs8192678 polymorphism is weakly correlated with glucometabolic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210455. [PMID: 37621650 PMCID: PMC10445758 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationships of the rs17782313 polymorphism near melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) and the rs8192678 polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha gene (PGC1α) with metabolic abnormalities have been explored in many populations around the world, but the findings were not all consistent and sometimes even a bit contradictory. Methods Electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Google Scholar were checked for studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data were carefully extracted from eligible studies. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated by using a random-effects model to examine the differences in the indexes of obesity, glucometabolic disorder and dyslipidemia between the genotypes of the rs17782313 and rs8192678 polymorphisms. Cochran's Q-statistic test and Begg's test were employed to identify heterogeneity among studies and publication bias, respectively. Results Fifty studies (58,716 subjects) and 51 studies (18,660 subjects) were respectively included in the pooled meta-analyses for the rs17782313 and rs8192678 polymorphisms. The C-allele carriers of the rs17782313 polymorphism had a higher average level of body mass index (SMD = 0.21 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.12 to 0.29 kg/m2, p < 0.001), waist circumference (SMD = 0.14 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.23 cm, p < 0.001) and blood glucose (SMD = 0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.16 mg/dL, p = 0.01) than the TT homozygotes. Regarding the rs8192678 polymorphism, no significant associations with the indexes of obesity, glucometabolic disorder and dyslipidemia were detected. However, significant correlations between the rs8192678 polymorphism and multiple glucometabolic indexes were observed in subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age, ethnicity and health status. Conclusion The meta-analysis demonstrates that the C allele of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism confers a higher risk of obesity and hyperglycemia, and the PGC1α rs8192678 polymorphism is weakly correlated with glucometabolic disorder. These findings may partly explain the relationships between these variants and diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022373543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Nie
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhui Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yamauchi N, Tamai K, Kimura I, Naito A, Tokuda N, Ashida Y, Motohashi N, Aoki Y, Yamada T. High-intensity interval training in the form of isometric contraction improves fatigue resistance in dystrophin-deficient muscle. J Physiol 2023; 601:2917-2933. [PMID: 37184335 DOI: 10.1113/jp284532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic muscle-wasting disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and easy fatigability. Here we examined whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the form of isometric contraction improves fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from dystrophin-deficient mdx52 mice. Isometric HIIT was performed on plantar flexor muscles in vivo with supramaximal electrical stimulation every other day for 4 weeks (a total of 15 sessions). In the non-trained contralateral gastrocnemius muscle from mdx52 mice, the decreased fatigue resistance was associated with a reduction in the amount of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α, citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial respiratory complex II, LC3B-II/I ratio, and mitophagy-related gene expression (i.e. Pink1, parkin, Bnip3 and Bcl2l13) as well as an increase in the phosphorylation levels of Src Tyr416 and Akt Ser473, the amount of p62, and the percentage of Evans Blue dye-positive area. Isometric HIIT restored all these alterations and markedly improved fatigue resistance in mdx52 muscles. Moreover, an acute bout of HIIT increased the phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Thr172, acetyl CoA carboxylase Ser79, unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk1) Ser555, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) Ser616 in mdx52 muscles. Thus, our data show that HIIT with isometric contractions significantly mitigates histological signs of pathology and improves fatigue resistance in dystrophin-deficient muscles. These beneficial effects can be explained by the restoration of mitochondrial function via AMPK-dependent induction of the mitophagy programme and de novo mitochondrial biogenesis. KEY POINTS: Skeletal muscle fatigue is often associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and leads to an inability to perform daily tasks, profoundly decreasing quality of life. We examined the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the form of isometric contraction on fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from the mdx52 mouse model of DMD. Isometric HIIT counteracted the reduced fatigue resistance as well as dystrophic changes in skeletal muscle of mdx52 mice. This beneficial effect could be explained by the restoration of mitochondrial function via AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and the induction of the mitophagy programme in the dystrophic muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tamai
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Iori Kimura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Azuma Naito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nao Tokuda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ashida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Motohashi
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Schmid S, Heim-Kupr B, Pérez-Schindler J, Mansingh S, Beer M, Mittal N, Ehrenfeuchter N, Handschin C. PGC-1β modulates catabolism and fiber atrophy in the fasting-response of specific skeletal muscle beds. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101643. [PMID: 36400401 PMCID: PMC9723918 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle is a pivotal organ for the coordination of systemic metabolism, constituting one of the largest storage site for glucose, lipids and amino acids. Tight temporal orchestration of protein breakdown in times of fasting has to be balanced with preservation of muscle mass and function. However, the molecular mechanisms that control the fasting response in muscle are poorly understood. METHODS We now have identified a role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) in the regulation of catabolic pathways in this context in muscle-specific loss-of-function mouse models. RESULTS Muscle-specific knockouts for PGC-1β experience mitigated muscle atrophy in fasting, linked to reduced expression of myostatin, atrogenes, activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and other energy deprivation signaling pathways. At least in part, the muscle fasting response is modulated by a negative effect of PGC-1β on the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATC1). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data highlight the complex regulation of muscle metabolism and reveal a new role for muscle PGC-1β in the control of proteostasis in fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenia Schmid
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Heim-Kupr
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Shivani Mansingh
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Beer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nitish Mittal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Handschin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Bennett CF, Latorre-Muro P, Puigserver P. Mechanisms of mitochondrial respiratory adaptation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:817-835. [PMID: 35804199 PMCID: PMC9926497 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. The main regulatory components of mitochondrial energetic adaptation include: the transcription coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and associated transcription factors; mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling; TOM70-dependent mitochondrial protein import; the cristae remodelling factors, including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and OPA1; lipid remodelling; and the assembly and metabolite-dependent regulation of respiratory complexes. These adaptive molecular and structural mechanisms increase respiration to maintain basic processes specific to cell types and tissues. Failure to execute these regulatory responses causes cell damage and inflammation or senescence, compromising cell survival and the ability to adapt to energetically demanding conditions. Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Latorre-Muro
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Beeram H, Siddamalla S, Tumu VR, KV V, Vidala A, Deenadayal M, Sisinthy S, Bhanoori M. Genetic Variants of VDR and PGC-1α Are Not Associated with the Risk of Endometriosis in Indian Women. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:987-995. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Beeram
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Veena KV
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akanksha Vidala
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mamata Deenadayal
- Infertility Institute and Research Centre (IIRC), Secunderabad, India
| | - Shivaji Sisinthy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manjula Bhanoori
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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10
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Bachnak L, Sparks J, Newmire DE, Gonzales XF, Omoruyi FO. The Effect of Acute and Chronic Thermotherapy on Type 2 Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression and Inflammatory Markers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1276. [PMID: 34572462 PMCID: PMC8467662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic illness associated with resistance to or defective insulin secretion. This study investigates the effects of thermotherapy on cell viability, gene expression and inflammation in skeletal muscle cell lines. METHODS Healthy and T2D human skeletal muscle cell lines (HSMM and D-HSMM, respectively) were subjected to acute or chronic thermo-therapy (AT or CT, respectively). CT consisted of a 30 min exposure to 40 °C, three times a week for three weeks; AT was a one-time exposure. RESULTS A significant decrease in D-HSMM cell viability percentage followed AT; however, no significant change occurred in CT. HSMM yielded the highest elevations of genes following CT. In D-HSMM, both treatments yielded gene upregulation. Both treatments significantly down-regulated IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in HSMM. AT significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-6 and upregulated IL-10 and TNF-α levels in D-HSMM, while CT yielded a reduction in IL-4, TNF-α and an upregulation of IL-6 and IL-10. CONCLUSIONS An increase in gene expression indicates actin activity and cellular responses, suggesting an increase in transcriptional regulation. The upregulation of IL-6 and IL-10 in D-HSMM negatively correlated with a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β, indicating improved adverse inflammatory effects associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louay Bachnak
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (J.S.); (X.F.G.); (F.O.O.)
| | - Jean Sparks
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (J.S.); (X.F.G.); (F.O.O.)
| | - Daniel E. Newmire
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
| | - Xavier F. Gonzales
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (J.S.); (X.F.G.); (F.O.O.)
| | - Felix O. Omoruyi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (J.S.); (X.F.G.); (F.O.O.)
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11
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Khromova NV, Fedorov AV, Ma Y, Kondratov KA, Prikhodko SS, Ignatieva EV, Artemyeva MS, Anopova AD, Neimark AE, Kostareva AA, Babenko AY, Dmitrieva RI. Regulatory Action of Plasma from Patients with Obesity and Diabetes towards Muscle Cells Differentiation and Bioenergetics Revealed by the C2C12 Cell Model and MicroRNA Analysis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:769. [PMID: 34063883 PMCID: PMC8224077 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are often combined and pathologically affect many tissues due to changes in circulating bioactive molecules. In this work, we evaluated the effect of blood plasma from obese (OB) patients or from obese patients comorbid with diabetes (OBD) on skeletal muscle function and metabolic state. We employed the mouse myoblasts C2C12 differentiation model to test the regulatory effect of plasma exposure at several levels: (1) cell morphology; (2) functional activity of mitochondria; (3) expression levels of several mitochondria regulators, i.e., Atgl, Pgc1b, and miR-378a-3p. Existing databases were used to computationally predict and analyze mir-378a-3p potential targets. We show that short-term exposure to OB or OBD patients' plasma is sufficient to affect C2C12 properties. In fact, the expression of genes that regulate skeletal muscle differentiation and growth was downregulated in both OB- and OBD-treated cells, maximal mitochondrial respiration rate was downregulated in the OBD group, while in the OB group, a metabolic switch to glycolysis was detected. These alterations correlated with a decrease in ATGL and Pgc1b expression in the OB group and with an increase of miR-378a-3p levels in the OBD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Khromova
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Anton V. Fedorov
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Yi Ma
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Kirill A. Kondratov
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Stanislava S. Prikhodko
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Elena V. Ignatieva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Marina S. Artemyeva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Anna D. Anopova
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Aleksandr E. Neimark
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Anna A. Kostareva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alina Yu. Babenko
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Renata I. Dmitrieva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
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12
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Packer M. Longevity genes, cardiac ageing, and the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy: implications for understanding the effects of current and future treatments for heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:3856-3861. [PMID: 32460327 PMCID: PMC7599035 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The two primary molecular regulators of lifespan are sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Each plays a central role in two highly interconnected pathways that modulate the balance between cellular growth and survival. The activation of SIRT1 [along with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] and the suppression of mTORC1 (along with its upstream regulator, Akt) act to prolong organismal longevity and retard cardiac ageing. Both activation of SIRT1/PGC-1α and inhibition of mTORC1 shifts the balance of cellular priorities so as to promote cardiomyocyte survival over growth, leading to cardioprotective effects in experimental models. These benefits may be related to direct actions to modulate oxidative stress, organellar function, proinflammatory pathways, and maladaptive hypertrophy. In addition, a primary shared benefit of both SIRT1/PGC-1α/AMPK activation and Akt/mTORC1 inhibition is the enhancement of autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway, which clears the cytosol of dysfunctional organelles and misfolded proteins that drive the ageing process by increasing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Autophagy underlies the ability of SIRT1/PGC-1α/AMPK activation and Akt/mTORC1 suppression to extend lifespan, mitigate cardiac ageing, alleviate cellular stress, and ameliorate the development and progression of cardiomyopathy; silencing of autophagy genes abolishes these benefits. Loss of SIRT1/PGC-1α/AMPK function or hyperactivation of Akt/mTORC1 is a consistent feature of experimental cardiomyopathy, and reversal of these abnormalities mitigates the development of heart failure. Interestingly, most treatments that have been shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of chronic heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction have been reported experimentally to exert favourable effects to activate SIRT1/PGC-1α/AMPK and/or suppress Akt/mTORC1, and thereby, to promote autophagic flux. Therefore, the impairment of autophagy resulting from derangements in longevity gene signalling is likely to represent a seminal event in the evolution and progression of cardiomyopathy. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 N. Hall Street, Dallas, TX 75226, USA.,Imperial College, London, UK
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13
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Bai J, Ma Q, Lan Y, Chen Y, Ma S, Li J, Liu C, Fu Z, Lu X, Huang Y, Li Y. Mitochondrial tRNA Mutation and Regulation of the Adiponectin Pathway in Maternally Inherited Hypertension in Chinese Han. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:623450. [PMID: 33553162 PMCID: PMC7862570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.623450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Some essential hypertension (EH) patients show maternal inheritance, which is the mode of mitochondrial DNA inheritance. This study examines the mechanisms by which mitochondrial mutations cause EH characterized by maternal inheritance. The study enrolled 115 volunteers, who were divided into maternally inherited EH (group A, n = 17), non-maternally inherited EH (group B, n = 65), and normal control (group C, n = 33) groups. A mitochondrial tRNA (15910 C>T) gene mutation was significantly correlated with EH and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of maternally inherited EH. Examining two families carrying the mitochondrial tRNA 15910 C>T mutation, which disrupted base pairing and may affect the stability and function of mitochondrial tRNAThr, we find that the overall incidence of EH was 59.3% in the maternal family members and 90% in males, significantly higher than in the general population in China (23.2%), and that the EH began at a younger age in those carrying mitochondrial tRNA 15910 C>T. To reveal the mechanism through which mitochondrial tRNA 15910 C>T causes maternally inherited EH, we cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from family A2 in vitro. We find that cells carrying mitochondrial tRNA 15910 C>T were more viable and proliferative, and the increased ATP production resulted in raised intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the mitochondrial dysfunction resulted in reduced APN levels, causing hypoadiponectinemia, which promoted cell proliferation, and produced more ROS. This vicious cycle promoted the occurrence of EH with maternally inherited mitochondrial tRNA 15910 C>T. The mitochondrial tRNA 15910 C>T mutation may induce hypertension by changing the APN, AdipoR1, PGC-1α, and ERRα signaling pathways to elevate blood pressure. We discover a new mitochondrial mutation (tRNA 15910 C>T) related to EH, reveal part of the mechanism by which mitochondrial mutations lead to the occurrence and development of maternally inherited EH, and discuss the role of APN in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Lan
- Hainan LANBO Health Management Co. Ltd., Sanya, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbin Liu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Fu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Tang J, Liu T, Wen X, Zhou Z, Yan J, Gao J, Zuo J. Estrogen-related receptors: novel potential regulators of osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Mol Med 2021; 27:5. [PMID: 33446092 PMCID: PMC7809777 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with articular cartilage destruction, subchondral bone alterations, synovitis, and even joint deformity and the loss of joint function. Although current basic research on the pathogenesis of OA has made remarkable progress, our understanding of this disease still needs to be further improved. Recent studies have shown that the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family members ERRα and ERRγ may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of OA. In this review, we refer to the latest research on ERRs and the pathogenesis of OA, elucidate the structure and physiopathological functions of the ERR orphan nuclear receptor family, and systematically examine the relationship between ERRs and OA at the molecular level. Moreover, we also discuss and predict the capacity of ERRs as potential targets in the clinical treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuo Tang
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xinggui Wen
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jingtong Yan
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jianlin Zuo
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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15
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Suginohara T, Wakabayashi K, Ato S, Ogasawara R. Effect of 2-deoxyglucose-mediated inhibition of glycolysis on the regulation of mTOR signaling and protein synthesis before and after high-intensity muscle contraction. Metabolism 2021; 114:154419. [PMID: 33161019 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolysis controls mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis. In skeletal muscle, glucose metabolism increases with both exercise/contraction intensity and volume, and therefore, high-intensity muscle contraction (HiMC) such as resistance exercise facilitates glycolysis including glucose uptake and glycogen breakdown. However, it is unknown whether glycolysis regulates HiMC-induced mTORC1 activation and increase in protein synthesis. METHODS To determine whether glycolysis regulates basal and HiMC-induced mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis, we employed 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) to inhibit glycolysis and isometrically contracted the gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague Dawley rats using percutaneous electrical stimulation. RESULTS Inhibition of glycolysis by 2-DG inhibited basal phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 (downstream targets of mTORC1) and protein synthesis (all P < 0.05) independent of AMPK phosphorylation. AMPK phosphorylation was comparably increased after HiMC at 0 h post HiMC and returned to basal levels 6 h post HiMC in both vehicle- and 2-DG-treated groups. Glycolysis inhibition attenuated muscle contraction-induced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at 6 h post HiMC (P < 0.05) but not p70S6K phosphorylation and protein synthesis. CONCLUSION Although glycolysis is involved in basal but not HiMC-induced muscle protein synthesis, it regulates both basal and HiMC-induced mTORC1 signaling, and may play key roles in skeletal muscle adaptation to HiMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suginohara
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koki Wakabayashi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Ato
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.
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16
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Sun YN, Yang ZX, Ren FZ, Fang B. FGF19 alleviates palmitate-induced atrophy in C2C12 cells by inhibiting mitochondrial overload and insulin resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:401-407. [PMID: 32344084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) acts as a novel factor in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in animal models by regulating energy expenditure. People with obesity have a lower content of FGF19 and lose muscle mass easily. However, as the main energy metabolism organelles, the involvement of mitochondria in the protective effect of FGF19 is still unknown. In this study, the protective effects of FGF19 on palmitate-induced damages in differentiated mouse myoblast cells (C2C12) were studied, including myotube morphology, mitochondrial function and the regulation of pathways and genes. Excessive palmitate resulted in myotube atrophy and activation of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway in C2C12 cells. Palmitate also inhibited glucose uptake and induced insulin resistance. FGF19 addition during the differentiation of C2C12 cells, returned the palmitate-induced mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis to the control levels and improved the insulin sensitivity. The palmitate-induced upregulation of genes involved in β-oxidation (PPARβ/δ, PPARγ, UCP-1, MCAD) and the downregulation of genes related to myotube atrophy (PPARα, PGC-1α and PGC-1β) were also alleviated by FGF19. In summary, FGF19 prevented excessive palmitate-induced dysfunction of C2C12 cells by protecting mitochondrial overload and apoptosis and maintaining normal insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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17
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Spaulding HR, Ludwig AK, Hollinger K, Hudson MB, Selsby JT. PGC-1α overexpression increases transcription factor EB nuclear localization and lysosome abundance in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14383. [PMID: 32109352 PMCID: PMC7048376 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of functional dystrophin protein and results in progressive muscle wasting. Dystrophin deficiency leads to a host of dysfunctional cellular processes including impaired autophagy. Autophagic dysfunction appears to be due, at least in part, to decreased lysosomal abundance mediated by decreased nuclear localization of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a transcription factor responsible for lysosomal biogenesis. PGC-1α overexpression decreased disease severity in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle and increased PGC-1α has been linked to TFEB activation in healthy muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which PGC-1α overexpression increased nuclear TFEB localization, increased lysosome abundance, and increased autophagosome degradation. We hypothesized that overexpression of PGC-1α would drive TFEB nuclear translocation, increase lysosome biogenesis, and improve autophagosome degradation. To address this hypothesis, we delivered PGC-1α via adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector injected into the right limb of 3-week-old mdx mice and the contralateral limbs received a sham injection. At 6 weeks of age, this approach increased PGC-1α transcript by 60-fold and increased TFEB nuclear localization in gastrocnemii from PGC-1α treated limbs by twofold compared to contralateral controls. Furthermore, lamp2, a marker of lysosome abundance, was significantly elevated in muscles from limbs overexpressing PGC-1α. Lastly, increased LC3II and similar p62 in PGC-1α overexpressing-limbs compared to contralateral limbs are supportive of increased degradation of autophagosomes. These data provide mechanistic insight into PGC-1α-mediated benefits to dystrophin-deficient muscle, such that increased TFEB nuclear localization in dystrophin-deficient muscle leads to increased lysosome biogenesis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda K. Ludwig
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | - Matthew B. Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDEUSA
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18
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Brown LA, Macpherson PC, Koch LG, Qi NR, Britton SL, Brooks SV. Late life maintenance and enhancement of functional exercise capacity in low and high responding rats after low intensity treadmill training. Exp Gerontol 2019; 125:110657. [PMID: 31306740 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic exercise capacity is predictive of both lifespan and healthspan but whether adaptive exercise capacity influences the benefits achieved from aerobic training implemented later in life is not known. AIM To determine if exercise late in life provides any functional improvements or underlying beneficial biochemical adaptations in rats bred to have a high response to training (HRT rats) or little to no response to training (LRT rats). METHODS Adult (11 months) and old (22 months) female LRT and HRT rats either remained sedentary (SED) or were exercised (EXER) on a treadmill 2-3 times/week at 60% of their initial maximum running speed and distance for 4 months. At 26 months of age, exercise capacity was re-evaluated and extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius (GTN), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were excised for histological and biochemical analysis. RESULTS Both SED-HRT and SED-LRT rats showed decreased exercise capacity from 22 to 26 months, but with 4 months of treadmill training, EXER-HRT rats displayed a 50% improvement in exercise capacity while EXER-LRT rats maintained pre-training levels. Protein levels of antioxidant enzymes PRDX3, CuZnSOD, and PRXV were 6-fold greater in TA muscles of aged HRT rats compared to LRT rats. PGC-1α protein levels were ~2-fold greater in GTN and TA muscles of aged HRT than in LRT rats and TFAM protein was similarly elevated in GTN muscles of aged HRT rats compared with LRT rats. BNIP3 protein levels were 5-fold greater in TA muscles of aged HRT than in LRT rats while PINK1 protein content was reduced by 78% in GTN muscles of aged HRT rats compared with LRT rats. CONCLUSION HRT rats retained the ability to improve exercise capacity into late life and that ability was associated with inherent and adaptive changes in antioxidant enzyme levels and markers of and mitochondrial quality related to healthspan benefits in aging. Moreover, low intensity exercise prevented the age-associated decline in functional exercise capacity in LRT rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemuel A Brown
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Peter C Macpherson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Nathan R Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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19
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, García-Melo LF, Anguiano-Robledo L, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Morales-Gonzalez JA. Antioxidant and Adaptative Response Mediated by Nrf2 during Physical Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060196. [PMID: 31242588 PMCID: PMC6617290 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a powerful nuclear transcription factor that coordinates an antioxidant cytoprotector system complex stimulated by the increase in inoxidative stress (OS). In the present manuscript, we conduct a review on the evidence that shows the effect different modalities of physical exercise exert on the antioxidant metabolic response directed by Nrf2. During physical exercise, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased; therefore, if the endogenous and exogenous antioxidant defenses are unable to control the elevation of ROS, the resulting OS triggers the activation of the transcriptional factor Nrf2 to induce the antioxidant response. On a molecular basis related to physical exercise, hormesis maintenance (exercise preconditioning) and adaptative changes in training are supported by a growing body of evidence, which is important for detailing the health benefits that involve greater resistance to environmental aggressions, better tolerance to constant changes, and increasing the regenerative capacity of the cells in such a way that it may be used as a tool to support the prevention or treatment of diseases. This may have clinical implications for future investigations regarding physical exercise in terms of understanding adaptations in high-performance athletes but also as a therapeutic model in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, CP 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Luis Fernando García-Melo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07700 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - José A. Morales-Gonzalez
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
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Soledad RB, Charles S, Samarjit D. The secret messages between mitochondria and nucleus in muscle cell biology. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 666:52-62. [PMID: 30935885 PMCID: PMC6538274 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over two thousand proteins are found in the mitochondrial compartment but the mitochondrial genome codes for only 13 proteins. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are products of nuclear genes and are synthesized in the cytosol, then translocated into the mitochondria. Most of the subunits of the five respiratory chain complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which generate a proton gradient across the membrane and produce ATP, are encoded by nuclear genes. Therefore, it is quite clear that import of nuclear-encoded proteins into the mitochondria is essential for mitochondrial function. Nuclear to mitochondrial communication is well studied. However, there is another arm to this communication, mitochondria to nucleus retrograde signaling. This plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and is less well studied. Several transcription factors, including Sp1, SIRT3 and GSP2, are activated by altered mitochondrial function. These activated transcription factors then translocate to the nucleus. Based on the mitochondrially generated molecular signal, nuclear genes are targeted, which alters transcription of nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial proteins. This review article will mainly focus on this interactive and bi-directional communication between mitochondria and nucleus, and how this communication plays a significant role in muscle cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steenbergen Charles
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Das Samarjit
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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