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Bellon B, Pippenger B, Stähli A, Degen M, Parisi L. Cementum and enamel surface mimicry influences soft tissue cell behavior. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38828886 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To test whether titanium surface roughness disparity might be used to specifically guide the behavior of gingiva fibroblasts and keratinocytes, thereby improving the quality of soft tissue (ST) integration around abutments. METHODS Titanium discs resembling the roughness of enamel (M) or cementum (MA) were created with normal or increased hydrophilicity and used as substrates for human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Adhesion and proliferation assays were performed to assess cell-type specific responses upon encountering the different surfaces. Additionally, immunofluorescence and qPCR analyses were performed to study more in depth the behavior of fibroblasts and keratinocytes on MA and M surfaces, respectively. RESULTS While enamel-like M surfaces supported adhesion, growth and a normal differentiation potential of keratinocytes, cementum-emulating MA surfaces specifically impaired the growth of keratinocytes. Vice versa, MA surfaces sustained regular adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts. Yet, a more intimate adhesion between fibroblasts and titanium was achieved by an increased hydrophilicity of MA surfaces, which was associated with an increased expression of elastin. CONCLUSION The optimal titanium implant abutment might be achieved by a bimodal roughness design, mimicking the roughness of enamel (M) and cementum with increased hydrophilicity (hMA), respectively. These surfaces can selectively elicit cell responses favoring proper ST barrier by impairing epithelial downgrowth and promoting firm adhesion of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bellon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Preclinical and Translational Research, Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Pippenger
- Preclinical and Translational Research, Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Trinh TT, Choi JH, Yang J, Kim WH, Chien PN, Le LTT, Ngan‐Giang N, Nga PT, Nam S, Heo C. Effects on keratinocytes of the traditional combination of herb extract (Royal Oji Complex) implicated the improvement of young children's skin moisture and barrier. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13682. [PMID: 38616504 PMCID: PMC11016816 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products are often friendly and can be used on children's skin after systematic and careful research. Therefore, in this study, the Royal Oji Complex (ROC), a product with natural ingredients, was used to study their effectiveness on keratinocytes taken from the skin of children from 0 to 3 years old. METHOD Normal human epidermal keratinocytes and tissue-isolated keratinocytes (TIKC) from young donors were treated with three different concentrations of ROC: 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm. The mRNA expression of the epidermal barrier's essential genes, such as hyaluronic acid synthase 3 (Has3), involucrin (IVL), loricrin (LOR), and claudin-1 (CLD1) was investigated using qRT-PCR. Ceramide content was measured by ELISA, with retinoic acid (R.A.) and amarogentin (AMA) serving as positive controls. RESULTS ROC significantly elevated HAS3 gene expression in HEKn cells, especially at 10 ppm, indicating potential advantages for skin hydration in young infants. IVL increased at first but decreased as ROC concentrations increased. LOR was upregulated at lower ROC concentrations but reduced at higher doses. CLD1 gene expression increased considerably in HEKn but reduced with increasing ROC doses. Ceramide concentration increased somewhat but not significantly at 10 ppm. CONCLUSION ROC shows potential in altering keratinocyte gene expression, with unique responses in HEKn and TIKC from young donors. While changes in ceramide content were insignificant, these results help to comprehend ROC's multiple effects on young children's skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy‐Tien Thi Trinh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Jee‐Eun Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical StudySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Pham Ngoc Chien
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical StudySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Linh Thi Thuy Le
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngan‐Giang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device DevelopmentCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Pham Thi Nga
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical StudySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Sun‐Young Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Chan‐Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical StudySeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device DevelopmentCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Rihs S, Parisi L, Lauener A, Mansour F, Schnyder I, Dekany GM, La Scala GC, Katsaros C, Degen M. Reflecting the human lip in vitro: Cleft lip skin and mucosa keratinocytes keep their identities. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38178623 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cell models have shown great promise as tools for research, potentially providing intriguing alternatives to animal models. However, the original tissue characteristics must be maintained in culture, a fact that is often assumed, but seldom assessed. We aimed to follow the retention of the original tissue identities of cleft lip-derived skin and mucosa keratinocytes in vitro. METHODS Cleft lip-derived keratinocytes were isolated from discarded tissue along the cleft margins during cheiloplasty. Cell identities were assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR for tissue-specific markers and compared with native lip tissue. Moreover, keratinocytes were regularly analyzed for the retention of the original tissue characteristics by the aforementioned methods as well as by differentiation assays. RESULTS The various anatomical zones of the human lip could be distinguished using a panel of differentiation and functional-based markers. Using these markers, retention of the original tissue identities could be followed and confirmed in the corresponding primary keratinocytes in culture. CONCLUSIONS Our findings promote patient-derived cells retaining their original identities as astonishing and clinically relevant in vitro tools. Such cells allow a better molecular understanding of various lip-associated pathologies as well as their modeling in vitro, including but not restricted to orofacial clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rihs
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anic Lauener
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Farah Mansour
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Schnyder
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Dekany
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio C La Scala
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Parisi L, Mockenhaupt C, Rihs S, Mansour F, Katsaros C, Degen M. Consistent downregulation of the cleft lip/palate-associated genes IRF6 and GRHL3 in carcinomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023072. [PMID: 36457487 PMCID: PMC9706198 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) and Grainyhead Like Transcription Factor 3 (GRHL3) are transcription factors that orchestrate gene regulatory networks required for the balance between keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Absence of either protein results in the lack of a normal stratified epidermis with keratinocytes failing to stop proliferating and to terminally differentiate. Numerous pathological variants within IRF6 and GRHL3 have been identified in orofacial cleft-affected individuals and expression of the two transcription factors has been found to be often dysregulated in cancers. However, whether orofacial cleft-associated IRF6 and GRHL3 variants in patients might also affect their cancer risk later in life, is not clear yet. The fact that the role of IRF6 and GRHL3 in cancer remains controversial makes this question even more challenging. Some studies identified IRF6 and GRHL3 as oncogenes, while others could attribute tumor suppressive functions to them. Trying to solve this apparent conundrum, we herein aimed to characterize IRF6 and GRHL3 function in various types of carcinomas. We screened multiple cancer and normal cell lines for their expression, and subsequently proceeded with functional assays in cancer cell lines. Our data uncovered consistent downregulation of IRF6 and GRHL3 in all types of carcinomas analyzed. Reduced levels of IRF6 and GRHL3 were found to be associated with several tumorigenic properties, such as enhanced cell proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, migration and reduced differentiation capacity. Based on our findings, IRF6 and GRHL3 can be considered as tumor suppressor genes in various carcinomas, which makes them potential common etiological factors for cancer and CLP in a fraction of CLP-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Parisi L, Rihs S, La Scala GC, Schnyder I, Katsaros C, Degen M. Discovery and characterization of heterogeneous and multipotent fibroblast populations isolated from excised cleft lip tissue. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:469. [PMID: 36076255 PMCID: PMC9461253 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regularly discarded lip tissue obtained from corrective surgeries to close the cleft lip represents an easily accessible and rich source for the isolation of primary fibroblasts. Primary fibroblasts have been described to show compelling similarities to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hence, cleft lip and palate (CLP) lip-derived fibroblasts could be thought as an intriguing cell source for personalized regenerative therapies in CLP-affected patients. Methods Initially, we thoroughly characterized the fibroblastic nature of the lip-derived mesenchymal outgrowths by molecular and functional assays. Next, we compared their phenotype and genotype to that of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and of human lung-derived fibroblasts WI38, by assessing their morphology, surface marker expression, trilineage differentiation potential, colony-forming (CFU) capacity, and immunomodulation property. Finally, to better decipher the heterogeneity of our CLP cultures, we performed a single cell clonal analysis and tested expanded clones for surface marker expression, as well as osteogenic and CFU potential. Results We identified intriguingly similar phenotypic and genotypic properties between CLP lip fibroblasts and BM-MSCs, which makes them distinct from WI38. Furthermore, our own data in combination with the complex anatomy of the lip tissue indicated heterogeneity in our CLP cultures. Using a clonal analysis, we discovered single cell-derived clones with increased levels of the MSC markers CD106 and CD146 and clones with variabilities in their commitment to differentiate into bone-forming cells and in their potential to form single cell-derived colonies. However, we were not able to gain clones possessing superior MSC-like capacities when compared to the heterogeneous parental CLP population. Additionally, all clones could still generate contractile forces and retained robust levels of the fibroblast specific marker FSP1, which was not detectable in BM-MSCs. Conclusions Our results suggest that we isolate heterogeneous populations of fibroblasts from discarded CLP lip tissue, which show a prominently multipotent character in their entirety avoiding the need for elaborate subpopulation selections in vitro. These findings suggest that CLP lip fibroblasts might be a novel potential cell source for personalized regenerative medicine of clinical benefit for CLP patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03154-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Rihs
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio C La Scala
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Schnyder
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Thomsen A, Aldrian C, Luka B, Hornhardt S, Gomolka M, Moertl S, Hess J, Zitzelsberger H, Heider T, Schlueter N, Rau S, Monroy Ordonez B, Schäfer H, Rücker G, Henke M. Biopsy-Derived Oral Keratinocytes – a Model to Potentially Test for Oral Mucosa Radiation Sensitivity. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 34:51-56. [PMID: 35345866 PMCID: PMC8956846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral keratinocytes – the key players in radiation mucositis in head and neck cancer treatment – are established ex vivo from patient-derived micro-biopsies. Individual radiosensitivity of primary oral keratinocytes is measured by a novel assay for cellular proliferation and spreading. The keratinocyte model also supports classical functional assays such as clonogenic survival and DNA double strand repair.
Purpose To establish stable in vitro growth of keratinocytes from very small biopsy specimens and successfully apply new test systems to determine their radiosensitivity. Materials and Methods Oral mucosa biopsies (diameter: 1.7 mm) from 15 subjects were immobilized with custom-made cups onto culture plates. Outgrowing cells were tested for cytokeratin 5/14 and Ki67, expanded, radiated at different doses, and seeded onto circumscribed areas before being allowed to spread centrifugally. In this newly developed spreading assay, cell-covered areas were measured by image analysis. For statistical analysis, a linear mixed regression model was used; additionally, results were correlated to the radiation dose applied. Colony forming efficiency (CFE) was used to validate the results. DNA damage repair was analysed by gammaH2AX and 53BP1 foci quantification using immunofluorescence microscopy 24 h and 96 h after irradiation. Results Stable keratinocyte growth continued for up to 7 weeks in 14 biopsies. Cells spread reliably from an initial 16.6 mm2 up to a median of 119.2 mm2 (range: 54.4–290). Radiated cells spread to only 100.7 mm2 (2 Gy; range: 55.3–266.7); 73.2 mm2 (4 Gy; 15–240.4); 47 mm2 (6 Gy; 2–111.9), and 22.7 mm2 (8 Gy; 0–80). Similarly, CFE decreased from 0.223 (0 Gy) to 0.0028 (8 Gy). Using an individual donor as a random factor, cell spread correlated with CFE, where radiation dose was the main driver (decrease by 0.50, adjusted for area). Upon irradiation with 6 Gy, radiation-induced DNA damage was increased after 24 h in all samples, and even after 96 h in 5 out of 7 samples, as detected by a higher number of gammaH2AX/53BP1 foci in irradiated cells (mean 3.7 for 24 h; mean 0.6 for 96 h). Conclusion In vitro propagation of keratinocytes derived from a small biopsy is feasible. Radiation impairs cellular migration and proliferation, and the newly described spreading assay allows ranking for cellular radioresistance. The keratinocyte model also supports classical functional assays such as clonogenic survival and DNA double strand repair. The clinical relevance awaits upcoming investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Thomsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany.
| | - C. Aldrian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Luka
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Hornhardt
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - M. Gomolka
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - S. Moertl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - J. Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - H. Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T. Heider
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - N. Schlueter
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Rau
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - B. Monroy Ordonez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Schäfer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Rücker
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Henke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany
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Girousi E, Muerner L, Parisi L, Rihs S, von Gunten S, Katsaros C, Degen M. Lack of IRF6 Disrupts Human Epithelial Homeostasis by Altering Colony Morphology, Migration Pattern, and Differentiation Potential of Keratinocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718066. [PMID: 34660580 PMCID: PMC8514984 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants within the gene encoding for the transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) are associated with syndromic and non-syndromic Cleft Lip/Palate (CLP) cases. IRF6 plays a vital role in the regulation of the proliferation/differentiation balance in keratinocytes and is involved in wound healing and migration. Since a fraction of CLP patients undergoing corrective cleft surgery experience wound healing complications, IRF6 represents an interesting candidate gene linking the two processes. However, Irf6 function has been mainly studied in mice and knowledge on IRF6 in human cells remains sparse. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of IRF6 in human postnatal skin- and oral mucosa-derived keratinocytes. To do so, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 to ablate IRF6 in two TERT-immortalized keratinocyte cultures, which we used as model cell lines. We show that IRF6 controls the appearance of single cells and colonies, with the latter being less cohesive in its absence. Consequently, IRF6 knockout keratinocytes often moved as single cells instead of a collective epithelial sheet migration but maintained their epithelial character. Lack of IRF6 triggered severe keratinocyte differentiation defects, which were already apparent in the stratum spinosum and extended to the stratum corneum in 3D organotypic skin cultures, while it did not alter their growth rate. Finally, proteomics revealed that most of the differentially expressed proteins in the absence of IRF6 could be associated with differentiation, cell-cell adhesion as well as immune response. Our data expand the knowledge on IRF6 in human postnatal keratinocytes, which will help to better understand IRF6-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Girousi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Muerner
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Rihs
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christos Katsaros
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Gandhi S, Nor Rashid N, Mohamad Razif MF, Othman S. Proteasomal degradation of p130 facilitate cell cycle deregulation and impairment of cellular differentiation in high-risk Human Papillomavirus 16 and 18 E7 transfected cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5121-5133. [PMID: 34169395 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) 16 and 18 are known to cause cervical cancer, which is primarily attributed to E6 and E7 oncoproteins. In addition, recent studies have focused on the vital role of the p130 pocket protein as an oncosuppressor to limit the expression of E2F transcription factors required for cell cycle progression. In view of this, the current study was conducted to investigate the mechanism by which transfection with HPV16/18 E7 leads to the deregulation of the host cell cycle, altering the localisation of p130, and expression of differentiation genes in Human Keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), and the inhibition of p130 by MG132 inhibitor were employed to investigate the loss of p130 and its disruption in HPV 16/18 E7-transfected HaCaT cells. The HPV16- and HPV18-transformed cells, known as CaSki and HeLa, respectively, were also used to complement the ectopic expressions of E7 in HaCaT cells. Normal keratinocytes displayed higher level of p130 expression than HPV-transformed cells. In addition, the immunofluorescence analysis revealed that both HPV 16/18 E7-transfected HaCaT and HPV-transformed cells exhibited higher level of cytoplasmic p130 compared to nuclear p130. A significant increase in the number of S/G2 phase cells in HPV-transformed cells was also recorded since E7 has been shown to stimulate proliferation through the deactivation of Retinoblastoma Protein (pRB)-dependent G1/S checkpoint. Furthermore, the findings recorded the down-regulation of keratinocyte differentiation markers, namely p130, keratin10, and involucrin. The proteasomal degradation of the exported p130 confirmed the cellular localisation pattern of p130, which was commonly observed in cancerous cells. The findings provide strong evidence that the localisation of nuclear p130 nuclear was disrupted by HPV16/18 E7 led to the deregulation of the cell cycle and the impairment of cellular differentiation ultimately lead to cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasangkary Gandhi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurshamimi Nor Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Drug Design and Development Research Group, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Shatrah Othman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Drug Design and Development Research Group, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Parisi L, Knapp PO, Girousi E, Rihs S, La Scala GC, Schnyder I, Stähli A, Sculean A, Bosshardt DD, Katsaros C, Degen M. A Living Cell Repository of the Cranio-/Orofacial Region to Advance Research and Promote Personalized Medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682944. [PMID: 34179013 PMCID: PMC8222786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of congenital anomalies in newborns is estimated to be as high as 6%, many of which involving the cranio-/orofacial region. Such malformations, including several syndromes, are usually identified prenatally, at birth, or rarely later in life. The lack of clinically relevant human cell models of these often very rare conditions, the societal pressure to avoid the use of animal models and the fact that the biological mechanisms between rodents and human are not necessarily identical, makes studying cranio-/orofacial anomalies challenging. To overcome these limitations, we are developing a living cell repository of healthy and diseased cells derived from the cranio-/orofacial region. Ultimately, we aim to make patient-derived cells, which retain the molecular and genetic characteristics of the original anomaly or disease in vitro, available for the scientific community. We report our efforts in establishing a human living cell bank derived from the cranio-/orofacial region of otherwise discarded tissue samples, detail our strategy, processes and quality checks. Such specific cell models have a great potential for discovery and translational research and might lead to a better understanding and management of craniofacial anomalies for the benefit of all affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick O Knapp
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eleftheria Girousi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Rihs
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio C La Scala
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Schnyder
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology, Dental Research Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ma X, Wang X, Dong Q, Pang H, Xu J, Shen J, Zhu J. Inhibition of KIF20A by transcription factor IRF6 affects the progression of renal clear cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:246. [PMID: 33941190 PMCID: PMC8091794 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, whose incidence is increasing year by year. IRF6 plays an important role in the occurrence of tumors, although there is yet no report on its expression in ccRCC. Methods The expression of IRF6 and KIF20A in ccRCC was predicted by GEPIA and HAP databases. In addition, GEPIA database predicted the relationship between IRF6 and KIF20A expressions and the pathological staging, overall survival, and disease-free survival of ccRCC. The possible binding sites of IRF6 and KIF20A promoters were predicted by JASPAR database and verified by luciferase and ChIP assays. The specific effects of IRF6 on ccRCC cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were subsequently examined at both cellular level and animal level. Results The database predicted down-regulated IRF6 expression in renal carcinoma tissues and its correlation with poor prognosis. IRF6 overexpression inhibited cRCC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. In addition, up-regulated KIF20A expression in renal carcinoma tissues and its association with prognosis were also predicted. Interference with KIF20A inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of ccRCC cells. Finally, we confirmed that KIF20A is a functional target of IRF6 and can partially reverse the effects of IRF6 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of ccRCC cells. Conclusion: Inhibition of KIF20A by transcription factor IRF6 affects cell proliferation, invasion and migration in renal clear cell carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01879-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 Lijiang Road, high Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 Lijiang Road, high Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongquan Pang
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 Lijiang Road, high Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 Lijiang Road, high Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junkang Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianbing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 Lijiang Road, high Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu, China.
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Transforming growth factor beta type 1 (TGF-β) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) transcription complex as master regulators of the immunosuppressive protein galectin-9 expression in human cancer and embryonic cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23478-23496. [PMID: 33295886 PMCID: PMC7762483 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 is one of the key proteins employed by a variety of human malignancies to suppress anti-cancer activities of cytotoxic lymphoid cells and thus escape immune surveillance. Human cancer cells in most cases express higher levels of galectin-9 compared to non-transformed cells. However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here we report for the first time that in human cancer as well as embryonic cells, the transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) are involved in upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression, leading to activation of the transcription factor Smad3 through autocrine action. This process triggers upregulation of galectin-9 expression in both malignant (mainly in breast and colorectal cancer as well as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)) and embryonic cells. The effect, however, was not observed in mature non-transformed human cells. TGF-β1-activated Smad3 therefore displays differential behaviour in human cancer and embryonic vs non-malignant cells. This study uncovered a self-supporting biochemical mechanism underlying high levels of galectin-9 expression operated by the human cancer and embryonic cells employed in our investigations. Our results suggest the possibility of using the TGF-β1 signalling pathway as a potential highly efficient target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Degen M, Girousi E, Feldmann J, Parisi L, La Scala GC, Schnyder I, Schaller A, Katsaros C. A Novel Van der Woude Syndrome-Causing IRF6 Variant Is Subject to Incomplete Non-sense-Mediated mRNA Decay Affecting the Phenotype of Keratinocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583115. [PMID: 33117810 PMCID: PMC7552806 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a genetic syndrome that leads to typical phenotypic traits, including lower lip pits and cleft lip/palate (CLP). The majority of VWS-affected patients harbor a pathogenic variant in the gene encoding for the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), a crucial regulator of orofacial development, epidermal differentiation and tissue repair. However, most of the underlying mechanisms leading from pathogenic IRF6 gene variants to phenotypes observed in VWS remain poorly understood and elusive. The availability of one VWS individual within our cohort of CLP patients allowed us to identify a novel VWS-causing IRF6 variant and to functionally characterize it. Using VWS patient-derived keratinocytes, we reveal that most of the mutated IRF6_VWS transcripts are subject to a non-sense-mediated mRNA decay mechanism, resulting in IRF6 haploinsufficiency. While moderate levels of IRF6_VWS remain detectable in the VWS keratinocytes, our data illustrate that the IRF6_VWS protein, which lacks part of its protein-binding domain and its whole C-terminus, is noticeably less stable than its wild-type counterpart. Still, it maintains transcription factor function. As we report and characterize a so far undescribed VWS-causing IRF6 variant, our results shed light on the physiological as well as pathological role of IRF6 in keratinocytes. This acquired knowledge is essential for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to VWS and CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eleftheria Girousi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio C La Scala
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Schnyder
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - André Schaller
- Division of Human Genetics, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Kim SY, Hwang YS, Chun HJ, Yang DH. Preparation of a photocured GelMA hydrogel co-cultured with HOKs and HGFs for an artificial oral mucosal tissue model. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lin-Shiao E, Lan Y, Welzenbach J, Alexander KA, Zhang Z, Knapp M, Mangold E, Sammons M, Ludwig KU, Berger SL. p63 establishes epithelial enhancers at critical craniofacial development genes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw0946. [PMID: 31049400 PMCID: PMC6494499 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is a key mediator of epidermal development. Point mutations in p63 in patients lead to developmental defects, including orofacial clefting. To date, knowledge on how pivotal the role of p63 is in human craniofacial development is limited. Using an inducible transdifferentiation model, combined with epigenomic sequencing and multicohort meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies data, we show that p63 establishes enhancers at craniofacial development genes to modulate their transcription. Disease-specific substitution mutation in the DNA binding domain or sterile alpha motif protein interaction domain of p63, respectively, eliminates or reduces establishment of these enhancers. We show that enhancers established by p63 are highly enriched for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip ± cleft palate (CL/P). These orthogonal approaches indicate a strong molecular link between p63 enhancer function and CL/P, illuminating molecular mechanisms underlying this developmental defect and revealing vital regulatory elements and new candidate causative genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lin-Shiao
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julia Welzenbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katherine A Alexander
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Morgan Sammons
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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