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Zhang J, Shi M, Wang J, Li F, Du C, Su G, Xie X, Li S. Novel Strategies for Angiogenesis in Tissue Injury: Therapeutic Effects of iPSCs-Derived Exosomes. Angiology 2025; 76:5-16. [PMID: 37933764 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231213192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration after tissue injury is a dynamic and complex process, and angiogenesis is necessary for normal physiological activities and tissue repair. Induced pluripotent stem cells are a new approach in regenerative medicine, which provides good model for the study of difficult-to-obtain human tissues, patient-specific therapy, and tissue repair. As an innovative cell-free therapeutic strategy, the main advantages of the treatment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived exosomes are low in tumorigenicity and immunogenicity, which become an important pathway for tissue injury. This review focuses on the mechanism of the angiogenic effect of iPSCs-derived exosomes on wound repair in tissue injury and their potential therapeutic targets, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the use of iPSCs-derived exosomes in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Maoning Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Gansu Province Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiweng Li
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
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Ding JY, Meng TT, Du RL, Song XB, Li YX, Gao J, Ji R, He QY. Bibliometrics of trends in global research on the roles of stem cells in myocardial fibrosis therapy. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:1086-1105. [DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i12.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis, a condition linked to several cardiovascular diseases, is associated with a poor prognosis. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment option and the application of stem cell therapy has been studied extensively. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of these studies has yet to be conducted.
AIM To map thematic trends, analyze research hotspots, and project future directions of stem cell-based myocardial fibrosis therapy.
METHODS We conducted a bibliometric and visual analysis of studies in the Web of Science Core Collection using VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel. The dataset included 1510 articles published between 2001 and 2024. Countries, organizations, authors, references, keywords, and co-citation networks were examined to identify evolving research trends.
RESULTS Our findings revealed a steady increase in the number of publications, with a projected increase to over 200 publications annually by 2030. Initial research focused on stem cell-based therapy, particularly for myocardial infarction and heart failure. More recently, there has been a shift toward cell-free therapy, involving extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and microRNAs. Key research topics include angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress.
CONCLUSION This analysis highlights the evolution of stem cell therapies for myocardial fibrosis, with emerging interest in cell-free approaches. These results are expected to guide future scientific exploration and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tian-Tian Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ruo-Lin Du
- Department of Emergency Medicine, South Branch of Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xin-Bin Song
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhumadian 463000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000 Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qing-Yong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Wagner KT, Lu RXZ, Landau S, Shawky SA, Zhao Y, Bodenstein DF, Jiménez Vargas LF, Jiang R, Okhovatian S, Wang Y, Liu C, Vosoughi D, Gustafson D, Fish JE, Cummins CL, Radisic M. Endothelial extracellular vesicles enhance vascular self-assembly in engineered human cardiac tissues. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045037. [PMID: 39226913 PMCID: PMC11409464 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad76d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of complex and stable vasculature in engineered cardiac tissues represents a significant hurdle towards building physiologically relevant models of the heart. Here, we implemented a 3D model of cardiac vasculogenesis, incorporating endothelial cells (EC), stromal cells, and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CM) in a fibrin hydrogel. The presence of CMs disrupted vessel formation in 3D tissues, resulting in the upregulation of endothelial activation markers and altered extracellular vesicle (EV) signaling in engineered tissues as determined by the proteomic analysis of culture supernatant. miRNA sequencing of CM- and EC-secreted EVs highlighted key EV-miRNAs that were postulated to play differing roles in cardiac vasculogenesis, including the let-7 family and miR-126-3p in EC-EVs. In the absence of CMs, the supplementation of CM-EVs to EC monolayers attenuated EC migration and proliferation and resulted in shorter and more discontinuous self-assembling vessels when applied to 3D vascular tissues. In contrast, supplementation of EC-EVs to the tissue culture media of 3D vascularized cardiac tissues mitigated some of the deleterious effects of CMs on vascular self-assembly, enhancing the average length and continuity of vessel tubes that formed in the presence of CMs. Direct transfection validated the effects of the key EC-EV miRNAs let-7b-5p and miR-126-3p in improving the maintenance of continuous vascular networks. EC-EV supplementation to biofabricated cardiac tissues and microfluidic devices resulted in tissue vascularization, illustrating the use of this approach in the engineering of enhanced, perfusable, microfluidic models of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T Wagner
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Rick X Z Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Shira Landau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sarah A Shawky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - David F Bodenstein
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Luis Felipe Jiménez Vargas
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Richard Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Daniel Vosoughi
- Latner Thoracic Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dakota Gustafson
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital,University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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Bakinowska E, Kiełbowski K, Boboryko D, Bratborska AW, Olejnik-Wojciechowska J, Rusiński M, Pawlik A. The Role of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3901. [PMID: 38612710 PMCID: PMC11011548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and include several vascular and cardiac disorders, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure. Multiple treatment strategies exist for CVDs, but there is a need for regenerative treatment of damaged heart. Stem cells are a broad variety of cells with a great differentiation potential that have regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Multiple studies have evaluated the efficacy of stem cells in CVDs, such as mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. These studies have demonstrated that stem cells can improve the left ventricle ejection fraction, reduce fibrosis, and decrease infarct size. Other studies have investigated potential methods to improve the survival, engraftment, and functionality of stem cells in the treatment of CVDs. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence on the role of stem cells in the treatment of CVDs, and how to improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Dominika Boboryko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Joanna Olejnik-Wojciechowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcin Rusiński
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
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5
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Si C, Gao J, Ma X. Engineered exosomes in emerging cell-free therapy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1382398. [PMID: 38595822 PMCID: PMC11003191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1382398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery and use of exosomes ushered in a new era of cell-free therapy. Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles that show great potential in disease treatment. Engineered exosomes. with their improved functions have attracted intense interests of their application in translational medicine research. However, the technology of engineering exosomes still faces many challenges which have been the great limitation for their clinical application. This review summarizes the current status of research on engineered exosomes and the difficulties encountered in recent years, with a view to providing new approaches and ideas for future exosome modification and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianen Gao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Rakshit T, Pal S. Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery and Theranostics In Vivo. JACS AU 2024; 4:318-327. [PMID: 38425894 PMCID: PMC10900499 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanopouches generated by all cells and are abundant in various body fluids. Depending on the parent and recipient cells, EVs exchange diverse constituents including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and metabolites. Morphologically, EVs suffer from low zeta potentials and short circulation times, but they also offer low intrinsic immunogenicity and inherent stability. Some crucial factors for the effective clinical application of EVs include controlling immune system clearance, achieving the large-scale production of EVs with efficient quality control, and determining the dominant mechanism of the in vivo action of EVs. In this Perspective, we shed light on how these intriguing nano-objects are utilized in cellular imaging and drug delivery for disease therapeutics. We also discuss potential strategies for overcoming the associated limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatini Rakshit
- Department
of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of
Eminence, Delhi-NCR 201314, India
| | - Suchetan Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai, Durg 491001, India
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Cheng P, Rashad A, Gangrade A, Barros NRD, Khademhosseini A, Tam J, Varadarajan P, Agrawal DK, Thankam FG. Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells in Myocardial Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:1-14. [PMID: 37294202 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results in the significant loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) due to the ischemic injury following coronary occlusion leading to impaired contractility, fibrosis, and ultimately heart failure. Stem cell therapy emerged as a promising regenerative strategy to replenish the otherwise terminally differentiated CM to restore cardiac function. Multiple strategies have been applied to successfully differentiate diverse stem cell populations into CM-like phenotypes characterized by the expression status of signature biomarkers and observable spontaneous contractions. This article discusses the current understanding and applications of various stem cell phenotypes to drive the differentiation machinery toward CM-like lineage. Impact Statement Ischemic heart disease (IHD) extensively affects a large proportion of the population worldwide. Unfortunately, current treatments for IHD are insufficient to restore cardiac effectiveness and functionality. A growing field in regenerative cardiology explores the potential for stem cell therapy following cardiovascular ischemic episodes. The thorough understanding regarding the potential and shortcomings of translational approaches to drive versatile stem cells to cardiomyocyte lineage paves the way for multiple opportunities for next-generation cardiac management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Cheng
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Ahmad Rashad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ankit Gangrade
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Tam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Padmini Varadarajan
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
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Muok L, Sun L, Esmonde C, Worden H, Vied C, Duke L, Ma S, Zeng O, Driscoll T, Jung S, Li Y. Extracellular vesicle biogenesis of three-dimensional human pluripotent stem cells in a novel Vertical-Wheel bioreactor. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e133. [PMID: 38938678 PMCID: PMC11080838 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have great potential as cell-free therapies in various diseases, including prevention of blood-brain barrier senescence and stroke. However, there are still challenges in pre-clinical and clinical use of hiPSC-EVs due to the need for large-scale production of a large quantity. Vertical-Wheel bioreactors (VWBRs) have design features that allow the biomanufacturing of hiPSC-EVs using a scalable aggregate or microcarrier-based culture system under low shear stress. EV secretion by undifferentiated hiPSCs expanded as 3-D aggregates and on Synthemax II microcarriers in VWBRs were investigated. Additionally, two types of EV collection media, mTeSR and HBM, were compared. The hiPSCs were characterized by metabolite and transcriptome analysis as well as EV biogenesis markers. Protein and microRNA cargo were analysed by proteomics and microRNA-seq, respectively. The in vitro functional assays of microglia stimulation and proliferation were conducted. HiPSCs expanded as 3-D aggregates and on microcarriers had comparable cell number, while microcarrier culture had higher glucose consumption, higher glycolysis and lower autophagy gene expression based on mRNA-seq. The microcarrier cultures had at least 17-23 fold higher EV secretion, and EV collection in mTeSR had 2.7-3.7 fold higher yield than HBM medium. Microcarrier culture with mTeSR EV collection had a smaller EV size than other groups, and the cargo was enriched with proteins (proteomics) and miRNAs (microRNA-seq) reducing apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation (e.g. Wnt-related pathways). hiPSC-EVs demonstrated the ability of stimulating proliferation and M2 polarization of microglia in vitro. HiPSC expansion on microcarriers produces much higher yields of EVs than hiPSC aggregates in VWBRs. EV collection in mTeSR increases yield compared to HBM. The biomanufactured EVs from microcarrier culture in mTeSR have exosomal characteristics and are functional in microglia stimulation, which paves the ways for future in vivo anti-aging study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureana Muok
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU‐FSU College of EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU‐FSU College of EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Colin Esmonde
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU‐FSU College of EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | | | - Cynthia Vied
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Leanne Duke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Shaoyang Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU‐FSU College of EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Olivia Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU‐FSU College of EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Tristan Driscoll
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU‐FSU College of EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | | | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU‐FSU College of EngineeringFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
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Clavellina D, Balkan W, Hare JM. Stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:951-967. [PMID: 37542462 PMCID: PMC10837765 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2245329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death in the United States. The limited capacity of cardiomyocytes to regenerate and the restricted contractility of scar tissue after AMI are not addressed by current pharmacologic interventions. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach due to their low antigenicity, ease of harvesting, and efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies, despite their low survival and engraftment rates. Other stem cell types, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) also show promise, and optimizing cardiac repair requires integrating emerging technologies and strategies. AREAS COVERED This review offers insights into advancing cell-based therapies for AMI, emphasizing meticulously planned trials with a standardized definition of AMI, for a bench-to-bedside approach. We critically evaluate fundamental studies and clinical trials to provide a comprehensive overview of the advances, limitations and prospects for cell-based therapy in AMI. EXPERT OPINION MSCs continue to show potential promise for treating AMI and its sequelae, but addressing their low survival and engraftment rates is crucial for clinical success. Integrating emerging technologies such as pluripotent stem cells and conducting well-designed trials will harness the full potential of cell-based therapy in AMI management. Collaborative efforts are vital to developing effective stem cell therapies for AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Clavellina
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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10
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Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Treatment of Myocardial Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054577. [PMID: 36902008 PMCID: PMC10003569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) therapy brings great hope to the treatment of myocardial injuries, while extracellular vesicles may be one of the main mechanisms of its action. iPSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (iPSCs-sEVs) can carry genetic and proteinaceous substances and mediate the interaction between iPSCs and target cells. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the therapeutic effect of iPSCs-sEVs in myocardial injury. IPSCs-sEVs may be a new cell-free-based treatment for myocardial injury, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. In the current research on myocardial injury, the extraction of sEVs from mesenchymal stem cells induced by iPSCs was widely used. Isolation methods of iPSCs-sEVs for the treatment of myocardial injury include ultracentrifugation, isodensity gradient centrifugation, and size exclusion chromatography. Tail vein injection and intraductal administration are the most widely used routes of iPSCs-sEV administration. The characteristics of sEVs derived from iPSCs which were induced from different species and organs, including fibroblasts and bone marrow, were further compared. In addition, the beneficial genes of iPSC can be regulated through CRISPR/Cas9 to change the composition of sEVs and improve the abundance and expression diversity of them. This review focused on the strategies and mechanisms of iPSCs-sEVs in the treatment of myocardial injury, which provides a reference for future research and the application of iPSCs-sEVs.
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11
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Wu C, Chen F, Huang S, Zhang Z, Wan J, Zhang W, Liu X. Progress on the role of traditional Chinese medicine in therapeutic angiogenesis of heart failure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115770. [PMID: 36191661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death worldwide. Heart failure (HF), as the terminal stage of many cardiovascular diseases, has brought a heavy burden to the global medical system. Microvascular rarefaction (decreased myocardial capillary density) with reduced coronary flow reserve is a hallmark of HF and therapeutic myocardial angiogenesis is now emerging as a promising approach for the prevention and treatment in HF. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made remarkable achievements in the treatment of many cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence have shown that their protective effect in HF is closely related to therapeutic angiogenesis. AIM OF THE STUDY This review is to enlighten the therapeutic effect and pro-angiogenic mechanism of TCM in HF, and provide valuable hints for the development of pro-angiogenic drugs for the treatment of HF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information about cardioprotective TCM was collected from electronic scientific databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). RESULTS The studies showed that TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds from herbal medicines can provide therapeutic effect in HF with their pro-angiogenic activity. Their actions are achieved mainly by regulating the key angiogenesis factors particularly VEGF, as well as related regulators including signal molecules and pathways, non-coding miRNAs and stem cells. CONCLUSION TCM and their active components might be promising in therapeutic angiogenesis for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chennan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Si Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingjing Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Academy of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Liaw WS, Chen CA, Zhou QA. Exosomes─Nature's Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17802-17846. [PMID: 36354238 PMCID: PMC9706680 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They represent a route of intercellular communication and participate in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. The biological roles of exosomes rely on their bioactive cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which are delivered to target cells. Their distinctive properties─innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and good biomembrane penetration capacity─allow them to function as superior natural nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery. Another notably favorable clinical application of exosomes is in diagnostics. They hold various biomolecules from host cells, which are indicative of pathophysiological conditions; therefore, they are considered vital for biomarker discovery in clinical diagnostics. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection and provide a landscape overview of the current state and delineate trends in research advancement on exosome applications in therapeutics and diagnostics across time, geography, composition, cargo loading, and development pipelines. We discuss exosome composition and pathway, from their biogenesis and secretion from host cells to recipient cell uptake. We assess methods for exosome isolation and purification, their clinical applications in therapy and diagnostics, their development pipelines, the exploration goals of the companies, the assortment of diseases they aim to treat, development stages of their research, and publication trends. We hope this review will be useful for understanding the current knowledge in the field of medical applications of exosomes, in an effort to further solve the remaining challenges in fulfilling their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
| | - Xinmei Wang
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
| | - Wen-Shing Liaw
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
| | - Chun-An Chen
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a Division of the American Chemical
Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United
States
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13
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Lozano J, Rai A, Lees JG, Fang H, Claridge B, Lim SY, Greening DW. Scalable Generation of Nanovesicles from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14334. [PMID: 36430812 PMCID: PMC9696585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from stem cells have shown significant therapeutic potential to repair injured cardiac tissues and regulate pathological fibrosis. However, scalable generation of stem cells and derived EVs for clinical utility remains a huge technical challenge. Here, we report a rapid size-based extrusion strategy to generate EV-like membranous nanovesicles (NVs) from easily sourced human iPSCs in large quantities (yield 900× natural EVs). NVs isolated using density-gradient separation (buoyant density 1.13 g/mL) are spherical in shape and morphologically intact and readily internalised by human cardiomyocytes, primary cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. NVs captured the dynamic proteome of parental cells and include pluripotency markers (LIN28A, OCT4) and regulators of cardiac repair processes, including tissue repair (GJA1, HSP20/27/70, HMGB1), wound healing (FLNA, MYH9, ACTC1, ILK), stress response/translation initiation (eIF2S1/S2/S3/B4), hypoxia response (HMOX2, HSP90, GNB1), and extracellular matrix organization (ITGA6, MFGE8, ITGB1). Functionally, NVs significantly promoted tubule formation of endothelial cells (angiogenesis) (p < 0.05) and survival of cardiomyocytes exposed to low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) (p < 0.0001), as well as attenuated TGF-β mediated activation of cardiac fibroblasts (p < 0.0001). Quantitative proteome profiling of target cell proteome following NV treatments revealed upregulation of angiogenic proteins (MFGE8, MYH10, VDAC2) in endothelial cells and pro-survival proteins (CNN2, THBS1, IGF2R) in cardiomyocytes. In contrast, NVs attenuated TGF-β-driven extracellular matrix remodelling capacity in cardiac fibroblasts (ACTN1, COL1A1/2/4A2/12A1, ITGA1/11, THBS1). This study presents a scalable approach to generating functional NVs for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lozano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jarmon G. Lees
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Shiang Y. Lim
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Drug Discovery Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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14
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Knight R, Board-Davies E, Brown H, Clayton A, Davis T, Karatas B, Burston J, Tabi Z, Falcon-Perez JM, Paisey S, Stephens P. Oral Progenitor Cell Line-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Treatment for Preferential Wound Healing Outcome. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:861-875. [PMID: 35716044 PMCID: PMC9397654 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation during wound repair can be devastating for affected individuals. Our group previously documented the therapeutic potential of novel progenitor cell populations from the non-scarring buccal mucosa. These Oral Mucosa Lamina Propria-Progenitor Cells (OMLP-PCs) are multipotent, immunosuppressive, and antibacterial. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) may play important roles in stem cell-mediated repair in varied settings; hence, we investigated sEVs from this source for wound repair. We created an hTERT immortalized OMLP-PC line (OMLP-PCL) and confirmed retention of morphology, lineage plasticity, surface markers, and functional properties. sEVs isolated from OMLP-PCL were analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, Cryo-EM and flow cytometry. Compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) sEVs, OMLP-PCL sEVs were more potent at driving wound healing functions, including cell proliferation and wound repopulation and downregulated myofibroblast formation. A reduced scarring potential was further demonstrated in a preclinical in vivo model. Manipulation of OMLP-PCL sEVs may provide novel options for non-scarring wound healing in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Knight
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,PETIC, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Emma Board-Davies
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Helen Brown
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Terence Davis
- PETIC, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ben Karatas
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - James Burston
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Tabi
- PETIC, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Stephen Paisey
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,PETIC, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Phil Stephens
- Corresponding author: Phil Stephens, Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, Wales, UK.
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15
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Xuan Y, Chen C, Wen Z, Wang DW. The Roles of Cardiac Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells in Myocarditis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:882027. [PMID: 35463742 PMCID: PMC9022788 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.882027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In myocarditis caused by various etiologies, activated immune cells and the immune regulatory factors released by them play important roles. But in this complex microenvironment, non-immune cells and non-cardiomyocytes in the heart, such as cardiomyocytes (CMs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and endothelial cells (ECs), play the role of “sentinel”, amplify inflammation, and interact with the cardiomyocytes. The complex interactions between them are rarely paid attention to. This review will re-examine the functions of CFs and ECs in the pathological conditions of myocarditis and their direct and indirect interactions with CMs, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of myocarditis and better guide the drug development and clinical treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Xuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Wen
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- Dao Wen Wang
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16
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Hegyesi H, Pallinger É, Mecsei S, Hornyák B, Kovácsházi C, Brenner GB, Giricz Z, Pálóczi K, Kittel Á, Tóvári J, Turiak L, Khamari D, Ferdinandy P, Buzás EI. Circulating cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles reflect cardiac injury during systemic inflammatory response syndrome in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:84. [PMID: 35059851 PMCID: PMC8776681 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is increased under cellular stress and cardiomyocyte damaging conditions. However, whether the cardiomyocyte-derived EVs eventually reach the systemic circulation and whether their number in the bloodstream reflects cardiac injury, remains unknown. Wild type C57B/6 and conditional transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) by cardiomyocytes were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). EVs were separated both from platelet-free plasma and from the conditioned medium of isolated cardiomyocytes of the left ventricular wall. Size distribution and concentration of the released particles were determined by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. The presence of GFP + cardiomyocyte-derived circulating EVs was monitored by flow cytometry and cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. In LPS-treated mice, systemic inflammation and the consequent cardiomyopathy were verified by elevated plasma levels of TNFα, GDF-15, and cardiac troponin I, and by a decrease in the ejection fraction. Furthermore, we demonstrated elevated levels of circulating small- and medium-sized EVs in the LPS-injected mice. Importantly, we detected GFP+ cardiomyocyte-derived EVs in the circulation of control mice, and the number of these circulating GFP+ vesicles increased significantly upon intraperitoneal LPS administration (P = 0.029). The cardiomyocyte-derived GFP+ EVs were also positive for intravesicular troponin I (cTnI) and muscle-associated glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM). This is the first direct demonstration that cardiomyocyte-derived EVs are present in the circulation and that the increased number of cardiac-derived EVs in the blood reflects cardiac injury in LPS-induced systemic inflammation (SIRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hargita Hegyesi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Pallinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabina Mecsei
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hornyák
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenger Kovácsházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor B Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pálóczi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiak
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Delaram Khamari
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, 6722, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), Semmelweis University Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles from myocardial infarction patients inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced cardiac cell death. Curr Res Transl Med 2021; 70:103323. [PMID: 34979484 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived exogenously from pluripotent stem cells or endogenously from healthy human serum exert cardioprotective effects after injury. However role of endogenous EVs from myocardial infarction (MI) patients not well understood in this settings. METHODS AND RESULTS The EVs from plasma of MI patients with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and healthy controls (HC) were purified and characterized by flow cytometry, mass spectrometry (MS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HCM and human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs), under individual culture or co-culture, were used to study functional effects of EVs upon TNFα stimulation. These effects of EVs on HCM and hCMVECs were observed using cell death assays, western blots and confocal microscopy. Higher concentrations of platelet-, leukocyte-, endothelial- and erythrocyte-derived EVs were found in MI patients, both with preserved and reduced LVEF, compared to HC, and MS data on MI EVs proteome displayed alteration in several proteins. MI EVs protected HCM and hCMVECs against staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, MI EVs were observed to abrogate TNFα-triggered HCM and hCMVECs death under both individually cultured and co-cultured conditions. MI EVs failed to inhibit TNFα induced hCMVECs and HCM activation when cultured individually, however co-cultured hCMVECs with HCM supported MI EVs capacity to attenuate TNFα induced cells activation. MI CD41+ EVs but not HC EVs were found to be internalized by HCM directly or migrated through hCMVECs to HCM. MI EVs indirectly restores TNFα mediated drop in mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous EVs from MI patients, regardless of severity of the MI exert cardioprotective potential upon TNFα-induced cell death. Patient-derived EVs needs to be further explored to elucidate their potential cardioprotective role during MI.
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18
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Proteomic Analysis of Exosomes during Cardiogenic Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102622. [PMID: 34685602 PMCID: PMC8533815 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to direct the specification of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to therapeutically important somatic cell types have focused on identifying proper combinations of soluble cues. Yet, whether exosomes, which mediate intercellular communication, play a role in the differentiation remains unexplored. We took a first step toward addressing this question by subjecting hPSCs to stage-wise specification toward cardiomyocytes (CMs) in scalable stirred-suspension cultures and collecting exosomes. Samples underwent liquid chromatography (LC)/mass spectrometry (MS) and subsequent proteomic analysis revealed over 300 unique proteins from four differentiation stages including proteins such as PPP2CA, AFM, MYH9, MYH10, TRA2B, CTNNA1, EHD1, ACTC1, LDHB, and GPC4, which are linked to cardiogenic commitment. There was a significant correlation of the protein composition of exosomes with the hPSC line and stage of commitment. Differentiating hPSCs treated with exosomes from hPSC-derived CMs displayed improved efficiency of CM formation compared to cells without exogenously added vesicles. Collectively, these results demonstrate that exosomes from hPSCs induced along the CM lineage contain proteins linked to the specification process with modulating effects and open avenues for enhancing the biomanufacturing of stem cell products for cardiac diseases.
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19
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Niazi V, Hussen BM, Omrani MD, Taheri M, Basiri A. The Emerging Role of Exosomes in the Treatment of Human Disorders With a Special Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653296. [PMID: 34307345 PMCID: PMC8293617 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by diverse eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. They have prominent roles in the modulation of cell-cell communication, inflammation versus immunomodulation, carcinogenic processes, cell proliferation and differentiation, and tissue regeneration. These acellular vesicles are more promising than cellular methods because of the lower risk of tumor formation, autoimmune responses and toxic effects compared with cell therapy. Moreover, the small size and lower complexity of these vesicles compared with cells have made their production and storage easier than cellular methods. Exosomes originated from mesenchymal stem cells has also been introduced as therapeutic option for a number of human diseases. The current review aims at summarization of the role of EVs in the regenerative medicine with a focus on their therapeutic impacts in liver fibrosis, lung disorders, osteoarthritis, colitis, myocardial injury, spinal cord injury and retinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Niazi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Ghodrat S, Hoseini SJ, Asadpour S, Nazarnezhad S, Alizadeh Eghtedar F, Kargozar S. Stem cell-based therapies for cardiac diseases: The critical role of angiogenic exosomes. Biofactors 2021; 47:270-291. [PMID: 33606893 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Finding effective treatments for cardiac diseases is among the hottest subjects in medicine; cell-based therapies have brought great promises for managing a broad range of life-threatening heart complications such as myocardial infarction. After clarifying the critical role of angiogenesis in tissue repair and regeneration, various stem/progenitor cell were utilized to accelerate the healing of injured cardiac tissue. Embryonic, fetal, adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells have shown the appropriate proangiogenic potential for tissue repair strategies. The capability of stem cells for differentiating into endothelial lineages was initially introduced as the primary mechanism involved in improving angiogenesis and accelerated heart tissue repair. However, recent studies have demonstrated the leading role of paracrine factors secreted by stem cells in advancing neo-vessel formation. Genetically modified stem cells are also being applied for promoting angiogenesis regarding their ability to considerably overexpress and secrete angiogenic bioactive molecules. Yet, conducting further research seems necessary to precisely identify molecular mechanisms behind the proangiogenic potential of stem cells, including the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules such as microRNAs. In conclusion, stem cells' pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis and consequent improved cardiac healing and remodeling processes should not be ignored, especially in the case of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghodrat
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Hoseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shiva Asadpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Simin Nazarnezhad
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Alizadeh Eghtedar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Andrade AC, Wolf M, Binder HM, Gomes FG, Manstein F, Ebner-Peking P, Poupardin R, Zweigerdt R, Schallmoser K, Strunk D. Hypoxic Conditions Promote the Angiogenic Potential of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083890. [PMID: 33918735 PMCID: PMC8070165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells secrete paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs) which can mediate cellular communication and support the regeneration of injured tissues. Reduced oxygen (hypoxia) as a key regulator in development and regeneration may influence cellular communication via EVs. We asked whether hypoxic conditioning during human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) culture effects their EV quantity, quality or EV-based angiogenic potential. We produced iPSC-EVs from large-scale culture-conditioned media at 1%, 5% and 18% air oxygen using tangential flow filtration (TFF), with or without subsequent concentration by ultracentrifugation (TUCF). EVs were quantified by tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), characterized according to MISEV2018 guidelines, and analyzed for angiogenic potential. We observed superior EV recovery by TFF compared to TUCF. We confirmed hypoxia efficacy by HIF-1α stabilization and pimonidazole hypoxyprobe. EV quantity did not differ significantly at different oxygen conditions. Significantly elevated angiogenic potential was observed for iPSC-EVs derived from 1% oxygen culture by TFF or TUCF as compared to EVs obtained at higher oxygen or the corresponding EV-depleted soluble factor fractions. Data thus demonstrate that cell-culture oxygen conditions and mode of EV preparation affect iPSC-EV function. We conclude that selecting appropriate protocols will further improve production of particularly potent iPSC-EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Cronemberger Andrade
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Martin Wolf
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Heide-Marie Binder
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Fausto Gueths Gomes
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Felix Manstein
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Patricia Ebner-Peking
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Sahoo S, Adamiak M, Mathiyalagan P, Kenneweg F, Kafert-Kasting S, Thum T. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Translation of Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Roadmap to the Clinic. Circulation 2021; 143:1426-1449. [PMID: 33819075 PMCID: PMC8021236 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles of endocytic origin that are actively secreted. The potential of exosomes as effective communicators of biological signaling in myocardial function has previously been investigated, and a recent explosion in exosome research not only underscores their significance in cardiac physiology and pathology, but also draws attention to methodological limitations of studying these extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discuss recent advances and challenges in exosome research with an emphasis on scientific innovations in isolation, identification, and characterization methodologies, and we provide a comprehensive summary of web-based resources available in the field. Importantly, we focus on the biology and function of exosomes, highlighting their fundamental role in cardiovascular pathophysiology to further support potential applications of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (S.S., M.A., P.M.)
| | - Marta Adamiak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (S.S., M.A., P.M.)
| | - Prabhu Mathiyalagan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (S.S., M.A., P.M.)
| | - Franziska Kenneweg
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) (F.K., S.K-K., T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Sabine Kafert-Kasting
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) (F.K., S.K-K., T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany (S.K-K., T.T.)
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) (F.K., S.K-K., T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany (S.K-K., T.T.)
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23
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Liu M, Wang D, Gu S, Tian B, Liang J, Suo Q, Zhang Z, Yang G, Zhou Y, Li S. Micro/nano materials regulate cell morphology and intercellular communication by extracellular vesicles. Acta Biomater 2021; 124:130-138. [PMID: 33567350 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important nano-cargo carriers for cell-cell communication, yet how biophysical factors regulate EV-mediated signaling is not well understood. Here we show that microgrooves can modulate the morphology of endothelial cells (ECs), and regulate the phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through EVs in co-culture. Elongated ECs, in comparison with polygonal ECs, increased the expression of contractile markers in SMCs. Depletion of EVs in the culture medium abolished this effect. Further analysis demonstrated that elongated ECs significantly upregulated miR-143/miR-145, leading to the increase of these microRNAs in EC-secreted EVs that were transferred to SMCs under a co-culture condition. Inhibition of EV secretion from ECs abolished the EC-SMC communication and the increased expression of SMC contractile markers. Moreover, electrospun nano-fibrous scaffolds with aligned fibers had the same effects as microgrooves to induce EC secretion of EVs to regulate SMC phenotypic marker expression. These results demonstrate that micro and nano materials can be used to engineer cell morphology and regulate EV secretion for cell-cell communication, which will have significant implications in the engineering of blood vessels and other tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: By manipulating EC morphology with micro/nano materials, we show that EV-mediated signaling can regulate SMC phenotypic marker expression. This is a very thorough and unique study to demonstrate the function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as important nano-carriers in cell-cell communication. The originality of this study is to demonstrate that EC morphology modulates the phenotype of smooth muscle cells via extracellular vesicles enclosing miR143/miR145. These findings underscore the important role of biophysical changes in cell-cell communications, and provide a rational basis for engineering micro/nano materials to control cell-cell communications for cell and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuangying Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Baoxiang Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qian Suo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guoyuan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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24
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Guo S, Debbi L, Zohar B, Samuel R, Arzi RS, Fried AI, Carmon T, Shevach D, Redenski I, Schlachet I, Sosnik A, Levenberg S. Stimulating Extracellular Vesicles Production from Engineered Tissues by Mechanical Forces. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2497-2504. [PMID: 33709717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising strategy to promote tissue regeneration. However, overcoming the low EV production yield remains a big challenge in translating EV-based therapies to the clinical practice. Current EV production relies heavily on 2D cell culture, which is not only less physiologically relevant to cells but also requires substantial medium and space. In this study, we engineered tissues seeded with stem cells from dental pulp or adipose tissues, or skeletal muscle cells, and significantly enhanced the EV production yield by applying mechanical stimuli, including flow and stretching, in bioreactors. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that this process was mediated by yes-associated protein (YAP) mechanosensitivity. EVs from mechanically stimulated dental pulp stem cells on 3D scaffolds displayed superior capability in inducing axonal sprouting than the 2D counterparts. Our results demonstrate the promise of this strategy to boost EV production and optimize their functional performance toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Guo
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lior Debbi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Barak Zohar
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Roee Samuel
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Roni S Arzi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Adina I Fried
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Tahel Carmon
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dudi Shevach
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Idan Redenski
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Inbar Schlachet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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25
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicles As Biomarkers and Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030388. [PMID: 33808038 PMCID: PMC8001426 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are composed of a lipid bilayer containing transmembrane and soluble proteins. Subtypes of EVs include ectosomes (microparticles/microvesicles), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies that can be released by various tissues into biological fluids. EV cargo can modulate physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells through near- and long-distance intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that origin, amount, and internal cargos (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) of EVs are variable under different pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The early detection and management of CVD reduce premature morbidity and mortality. Circulating EVs have attracted great interest as a potential biomarker for diagnostics and follow-up of CVD. This review highlights the role of circulating EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic follow-up of CVD, and also for drug delivery. Despite the great potential of EVs as a tool to study the pathophysiology of CVD, further studies are needed to increase the spectrum of EV-associated applications.
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26
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Zhai S, Zhang XF, Lu F, Chen WG, He X, Zhang CF, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Chinese medicine GeGen-DanShen extract protects from myocardial ischemic injury through promoting angiogenesis via up-regulation of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113475. [PMID: 33068653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
HEADINGS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coronary heart disease (CHD) usually refers to myocardial ischemia or myocardial necrosis caused by coronary artery stenosis. GeGen and DanShen (GD) are popular Chinese herbs for the treatment of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (MI). This sentence needs to be a separate paragraph. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was to investigate the role of GD extract in promoting ischemic myocardial angiogenesis, and to explore its signaling mechanism, so as to provide a more reliable scientific basis for the clinical treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS GD extract was initially analyzed by HPLC-Q-TOF MS. In vitro, migration assay and tube formation assay were subsequently used to detect the angiogenesis activity of GD extract in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Following the in vitro study, an MI rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), immediately followed by a 4-week daily GD extract treatment by intragastric administration. After the animal sacrifice, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes of the infarct margin. Besides, the MI area was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) staining. The microvascular density (MVD) was also quantified through CD31 immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the levels of VEGF, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of VEGFR2 and ERK were detected by immunohistochemistry as well. RESULTS In vitro study, GD extract was found to induce significant angiogenesis in HUVECs. In vivo, smaller infarct size was found in treatment groups than that of the model group, and the protein expression of VEGFR2 as well as ERK in the marginal zone of MI in treatment groups were significantly increased. The morphological changes of myocardium were observed with a significant growth in the number of new blood vessels. Regarding the effect of GD extract, the serum levels of CK, LDH and TXB2 were consequently reduced, whereas the levels of VEGF, 6-keto-PGF1α were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of this study, GD extract had a protective effect against MI in rats. The possible mechanism is to promote angiogenesis by regulating the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway after MI occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fang Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei-Guo Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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27
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Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Various Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041769. [PMID: 33578948 PMCID: PMC7916646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived cells display therapeutic effects, mainly via the paracrine mechanism in addition to their transdifferentiation ability. Exosomes have emerged as an important paracrine factor for iPSCs to repair injured cells through the delivery of bioactive components. Animal reports of iPSC-derived exosomes on various disease models are increasing, such as in heart, limb, liver, skin, bone, eye and neurological disease and so forth. This review aims to summarize the therapeutic effects of iPSC-derived exosomes on various disease models and their properties, such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis, with the hopes of improving their potential role in clinical applications and functional restoration.
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28
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Liu J, Wu J, Li L, Li T, Wang J. The Role of Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs in Coronary Artery Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:603104. [PMID: 33363474 PMCID: PMC7753098 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major cause of CVD. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation are key factors involved in the development and progression of AS. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles secreted into the extracellular space by most types of cells, and are ideal substances for the transmission and integration of signals between cells. Cells can selectively encapsulate biologically active substances, such as lipids, proteins and RNA in exosomes and act through paracrine mechanisms. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important for communication between cells. They can reach the recipient cells through exosomes, causing phenotypic changes and playing a molecular regulatory role in cell function. Elucidating their molecular mechanisms can help identify therapeutic targets or strategies for CVD. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most important disease in CVD. Here, we review the role and the regulatory mechanism of exosomal ncRNAs in the pathophysiology of CAD, as well as the potential contribution of exosomal ncRNA to diagnosis and treatment of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Longbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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29
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Trembinski DJ, Bink DI, Theodorou K, Sommer J, Fischer A, van Bergen A, Kuo CC, Costa IG, Schürmann C, Leisegang MS, Brandes RP, Alekseeva T, Brill B, Wietelmann A, Johnson CN, Spring-Connell A, Kaulich M, Werfel S, Engelhardt S, Hirt MN, Yorgan K, Eschenhagen T, Kirchhof L, Hofmann P, Jaé N, Wittig I, Hamdani N, Bischof C, Krishnan J, Houtkooper RH, Dimmeler S, Boon RA. Aging-regulated anti-apoptotic long non-coding RNA Sarrah augments recovery from acute myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2039. [PMID: 32341350 PMCID: PMC7184724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to cardiac (patho)physiology. Aging is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease with cardiomyocyte apoptosis as one underlying cause. Here, we report the identification of the aging-regulated lncRNA Sarrah (ENSMUST00000140003) that is anti-apoptotic in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, loss of SARRAH (OXCT1-AS1) in human engineered heart tissue results in impaired contractile force development. SARRAH directly binds to the promoters of genes downregulated after SARRAH silencing via RNA-DNA triple helix formation and cardiomyocytes lacking the triple helix forming domain of Sarrah show an increase in apoptosis. One of the direct SARRAH targets is NRF2, and restoration of NRF2 levels after SARRAH silencing partially rescues the reduction in cell viability. Overexpression of Sarrah in mice shows better recovery of cardiac contractile function after AMI compared to control mice. In summary, we identified the anti-apoptotic evolutionary conserved lncRNA Sarrah, which is downregulated by aging, as a regulator of cardiomyocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Julia Trembinski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Diewertje I Bink
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kosta Theodorou
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Sommer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ariane Fischer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anke van Bergen
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chao-Chung Kuo
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schürmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tijna Alekseeva
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Boris Brill
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christopher N Johnson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | | | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stanislas Werfel
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc N Hirt
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kaja Yorgan
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Kirchhof
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Hofmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Jaé
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Functional Proteomics, Medical School, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Corinne Bischof
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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30
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Busatto S, Zendrini A, Radeghieri A, Paolini L, Romano M, Presta M, Bergese P. The nanostructured secretome. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:39-63. [PMID: 31799977 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01007f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term secretome, which traditionally strictly refers to single proteins, should be expanded to also include the great variety of nanoparticles secreted by cells (secNPs) into the extracellular space, which ranges from high-density lipoproteins of a few nanometers to extracellular vesicles and fat globules of hundreds of nanometers. Widening the definition is urged by the ever-increasing understanding of the role of secNPs as regulators/mediators of key physiological and pathological processes, which also puts them in the running as breakthrough cell-free therapeutics and diagnostics. "Made by cells for cells", secNPs are envisioned as a sweeping paradigm shift in nanomedicine, promising to overcome the limitations of synthetic nanoparticles by unsurpassed circulation and targeting abilities, precision and sustainability. From a longer/wider perspective, advanced manipulation would possibly make secNPs available as building blocks for future "biogenic" nanotechnology. However, the current knowledge is fragmented and sectorial (the majority of the studies being focused on a specific biological and/or medical aspect of a given secNP class or subclass), the understanding of the nanoscale and interfacial properties is limited and the development of bioprocesses and regulatory initiatives is in the early days. We believe that new multidisciplinary competencies and synergistic efforts need to be attracted and augmented to move forward. This review will contribute to the effort by attempting for the first time to rationally gather and elaborate secNPs and their traits into a unique concise framework - from biogenesis to colloidal properties, engineering and clinical translation - disclosing the overall view and easing comparative analysis and future exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Busatto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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31
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Bolte C, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. Molecular, cellular, and bioengineering approaches to stimulate lung regeneration after injury. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 100:101-108. [PMID: 31669132 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The lung is susceptible to damage from a variety of sources throughout development and in adulthood. As a result, the lung has great capacities for repair and regeneration, directed by precisely controlled sequences of molecular and signaling pathways. Impairments or alterations in these signaling events can have deleterious effects on lung structure and function, ultimately leading to chronic lung disorders. When lung injury is too severe for the normal pathways to repair, or if those pathways do not function properly, lung regenerative medicine is needed to restore adequate structure and function. Great progress has been made in recent years in the number of regenerative techniques and their efficacy. This review will address recent progress in lung regenerative medicine focusing on pharmacotherapy including the expanding role of nanotechnology, stem cell-based therapies, and bioengineering techniques. The use of these techniques individually and collectively has the potential to significantly improve morbidity and mortality associated with congenital and acquired lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Bolte
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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Jeske R, Bejoy J, Marzano M, Li Y. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Characteristics and Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:129-144. [PMID: 31847715 PMCID: PMC7187972 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are found to play an important role in various biological processes and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Because of the protective effects, stem cell-derived EVs can be used to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in the recipient cells. In addition, EVs/exosomes have been used as directional communication tools between stem cells and parenchymal cells, giving them the ability to serve as biomarkers. Likewise, altered EVs/exosomes can be utilized for drug delivery by loading with proteins, small interfering RNAs, and viral vectors, in particular, because EVs/exosomes are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this review article, the properties of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived EVs are discussed. The biogenesis, that is, how EVs originate in the endosomal compartment or from the cell layer of microvesicles, EV composition, the available methods of purification, and characterizations of EVs/exosomes are summarized. In particular, EVs/exosomes derived from iPSCs of different lineage specifications and the applications of these stem cell-derived exosomes in neurological diseases are discussed. Impact statement In this review, we summarized the work related to extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). In particular, EVs/exosomes derived from hPSCs of different lineage specifications and the applications of these stem cell-derived exosomes in neurological diseases are discussed. The results highlight the important role of cell-cell interactions in neural cellular phenotype and neurodegeneration. The findings reported in this article are significant for pluripotent stem cell-derived cell-free products toward applications in stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Julie Bejoy
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Mark Marzano
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Ludwig N, Lotze MT. A treatise on endothelial biology and exosomes: homage to Theresa Maria Listowska Whiteside. HNO 2020; 68:71-79. [PMID: 31965194 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-00803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are the current primary research focus of Dr. Theresa L. Whiteside. They are key mediators of intercellular communication in the head and neck, as well as other sites. Their effects in the tumor microenvironment are manifold and include suppression of immunity, promotion of angiogenesis, enabling of metastasis, as well as reprogramming of fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells. The aim of this communication is to summarize Dr. Whiteside's contribution to the field of exosome research and details the interactions of exosomes with endothelial cells leading to recent findings on how to target endothelial cells using exosomes as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ludwig
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Departments of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Bioengineering and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M T Lotze
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, G.27A, 5150 Centre Ave, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Departments of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Bioengineering and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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34
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Fan C, Zhang E, Joshi J, Yang J, Zhang J, Zhu W. Utilization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:36. [PMID: 32117968 PMCID: PMC7025514 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The paracrine effect, mediated by chemical signals that induce a physiological response on neighboring cells in the same tissue, is an important regenerative mechanism for stem cell-based therapy. Exosomes are cell-secreted nanovesicles (50–120 nm) of endosomal origin, and have been demonstrated to be a major contributor to the observed stem cell-mediated paracrine effect in the cardiac repair process. Following cardiac injury, exosomes deriving from exogenous stem cells have been shown to regulate cell apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis in the infarcted heart. Exosomes also play a crucial role in the intercellular communication between donor and recipient cells. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are promising cell sources for autologous cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Here, we review recent advances in the field of progenitor-cell derived, exosome-based cardiac repair, with special emphasis on exosomes derived from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Eric Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jyotsna Joshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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35
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Baruah J, Wary KK. Exosomes in the Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Cell Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:353. [PMID: 31998716 PMCID: PMC6962177 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have been described as nanoscale membranous extracellular vesicles that emerge from a variety of cells and tissues and are enriched with biologically active genomic and non-genomic biomolecules capable of transducing cell to cell communication. Exosome release, and exosome mediated signaling and cross-talks have been reported in several pathophysiological states. Therefore, exosomes have the potential to become suitable for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of specific diseases, including endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and regeneration. The role of EC-derived exosomes in the mechanisms of cardiovascular tissue regenerative processes represents currently an area of intense research activity. Recent studies have described the potential of exosomes to influence the pathophysiology of immune signaling, tumor metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly discuss progress made in our understanding of the composition and the roles of exosomes in relation to EC regeneration as well as revascularization of ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugajyoti Baruah
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Kishore K Wary
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Firouzi F, Sinha Choudhury S, Broughton K, Salazar A, Bailey B, Sussman MA. Human CardioChimeras: Creation of a Novel "Next-Generation" Cardiac Cell. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013452. [PMID: 31902324 PMCID: PMC6988174 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background CardioChimeras produced by fusion of murine c‐kit+ cardiac interstitial cells with mesenchymal stem cells promote superior structural and functional recovery in a mouse model of myocardial infarction compared with either precursor cell alone or in combination. Creation of human CardioChimeras (hCCs) represents the next step in translational development of this novel cell type, but new challenges arise when working with c‐kit+ cardiac interstitial cells isolated and expanded from human heart tissue samples. The objective of the study was to establish a reliable cell fusion protocol for consistent optimized creation of hCCs and characterize fundamental hCC properties. Methods and Results Cell fusion was induced by incubating human c‐kit+ cardiac interstitial cells and mesenchymal stem cells at a 2:1 ratio with inactivated Sendai virus. Hybrid cells were sorted into 96‐well microplates for clonal expansion to derive unique cloned hCCs, which were then characterized for various cellular and molecular properties. hCCs exhibited enhanced survival relative to the parent cells and promoted cardiomyocyte survival in response to serum deprivation in vitro. Conclusions The generation of hCC is demonstrated and validated in this study, representing the next step toward implementation of a novel cell product for therapeutic development. Feasibility of creating human hybrid cells prompts consideration of multiple possibilities to create novel chimeric cells derived from cells with desirable traits to promote healing in pathologically damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareheh Firouzi
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute San Diego State University San Diego CA
| | - Sarmistha Sinha Choudhury
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute San Diego State University San Diego CA
| | - Kathleen Broughton
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute San Diego State University San Diego CA
| | - Adriana Salazar
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute San Diego State University San Diego CA
| | - Barbara Bailey
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics San Diego State University San Diego CA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute San Diego State University San Diego CA
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37
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Dissection of heterocellular cross-talk in vascularized cardiac tissue mimetics. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:269-282. [PMID: 31866374 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular specialization and interaction with other cell types in cardiac tissue is essential for the coordinated function of cell populations in the heart. The complex interplay between cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts is necessary for adaptation but can also lead to pathophysiological remodeling. To understand this complex interplay, we developed 3D vascularized cardiac tissue mimetics (CTM) to study heterocellular cross-talk in hypertrophic, hypoxic and fibrogenic environments. This 3D platform responds to physiologic and pathologic stressors and mimics the microenvironment of diseased tissue. In combination with endothelial cell fluorescence reporters, these cardiac tissue mimetics can be used to precisely visualize and quantify cellular and functional responses upon stress stimulation. Utilizing this platform, we demonstrate that stimulation of α/β-adrenergic receptors with phenylephrine (PE) promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, metabolic maturation and vascularization of CTMs. Increased vascularization was promoted by conditioned medium of PE-stimulated cardiomyocytes and blocked by inhibiting VEGF or upon β-adrenergic receptor antagonist treatment, demonstrating cardiomyocyte-endothelial cross-talk. Pathophysiological stressors such as severe hypoxia reduced angiogenic sprouting and increased cell death, while TGF β2 stimulation increased collagen deposition concomitant to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In sum, we have developed a cardiac 3D culture system that reflects native cardiac tissue function, metabolism and morphology - and for the first time enables the tracking and analysis of cardiac vascularization dynamics in physiology and pathology.
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38
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Guarino BD, Adapala RK, Kanugula AK, Lenkey NM, Dougherty JA, Paruchuri S, Khan M, Thodeti CK. Extracellular Vesicles From Pathological Microenvironment Induce Endothelial Cell Transformation and Abnormal Angiogenesis via Modulation of TRPV4 Channels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:344. [PMID: 31921855 PMCID: PMC6928002 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble and mechanical microenvironment surrounding endothelial cells influences and instructs them to form new blood vessels. The cells in the pathological tumor microenvironment release extracellular vesicles (EVs) for paracrine signaling. EVs have been shown to induce angiogenesis by communicating with endothelial cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well known. We have recently shown that the mechanosensitive ion channel transient receptor vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) expression and activity is significantly reduced in tumor endothelial cells (TEC), and that activation of TRPV4 normalized the tumor vasculature and improved cancer therapy. However, whether and how the tumor microenvironment downregulates TRPV4 and transforms the normal endothelial cell phenotype remains unknown. To explore this, we exposed normal human endothelial cells (hNEC) to human lung tumor cell conditioned media (TCM) and measured phenotypic changes and angiogenesis. We found that treatment with TCM transformed hNEC to a TEC-like phenotype (hTEC) as evidenced by increased expression of tumor endothelial cell marker 8 (TEM8) and exhibition of abnormal angiogenesis on 2D-Matrigels compared to normal hNEC. Mechanistically, expression and activity of TRPV4 was decreased in hTEC. Further, when pre-treated with exosome inhibitor GW4869, TCM failed to induce hNEC transformation to hTEC. Finally, addition of purified EVs from TCM induced transformation of hNEC to hTEC as evidenced by abnormal angiogenesis in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that the pathological (tumor) microenvironment transforms normal endothelial cells into a tumor endothelial cell-like phenotype through EVs via the downregulation of TRPV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna D Guarino
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Ravi K Adapala
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Anantha K Kanugula
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Nina M Lenkey
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Julie A Dougherty
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Charles K Thodeti
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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Lee YXF, Johansson H, Wood MJA, El Andaloussi S. Considerations and Implications in the Purification of Extracellular Vesicles - A Cautionary Tale. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1067. [PMID: 31680809 PMCID: PMC6813730 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles constitutively released from cells into all biological fluids. Interestingly, these vesicles contain genetic cargoes including proteins, RNA and bioactive lipids that can be functionally delivered and affect recipient cells. As a result, there is growing interest in studying EVs in pathological conditions, including central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases, as EVs may be used for diagnostic purposes or as therapeutic agents. However, one major bottleneck is the need for better EV purification strategies when considering complex biological sources such as serum/protein-rich media or plasma. In this study, we have performed a systematic comparison study between the current gold-standard method: ultracentrifugation, to an alternative: size-exclusion chromatography (LC), using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived complex media as a model system. We demonstrate that LC allows for derivation of purer EVs from iPSCs, which was previously impossible with the original UC method. Importantly, our study further highlights the various drawbacks when using the conventional UC approach that lead to misinterpretation of EV data. Lastly, we describe novel data on our iPSC-EVs; how they could relate to stem cell biology and discuss their potential use as EV therapeutics for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin Fiona Lee
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henrik Johansson
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Exosomes in ischemic heart disease: novel carriers for bioinformation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109451. [PMID: 31586900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of ischemic heart disease(IHD) is a multi-step chain process from potential risk factors to overt clinical diseases. Vascular cells, blood cells, cardiomyocytes and stem cells are all involved in the pathophysiological links via continual and polynary crosstalk. Exosomes,as powerful vectors for intercellular communication,have been a hotspot for basic and clinical research. Plenty of evidence has shown that exosomes largely participate in the evolution of IHD, including endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, atheromatous plaque formation and rupture, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury,and heart failure (HF), while the rules for detailed communication in the different stages of this continuous disease are still poorly understood. This review will systematically describe characteristics of exosomal crosstalk between different cells in the diverse periods, and also cast light on the potential and challenges for exosome application as therapeutic targets, hoping to offer supporting background for the following research.
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41
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Differential Effects of Extracellular Vesicles of Lineage-Specific Human Pluripotent Stem Cells on the Cellular Behaviors of Isogenic Cortical Spheroids. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090993. [PMID: 31466320 PMCID: PMC6770916 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to a variety of signaling processes and the overall physiological and pathological states of stem cells and tissues. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have unique characteristics that can mimic embryonic tissue development. There is growing interest in the use of EVs derived from hiPSCs as therapeutics, biomarkers, and drug delivery vehicles. However, little is known about the characteristics of EVs secreted by hiPSCs and paracrine signaling during tissue morphogenesis and lineage specification. Methods: In this study, the physical and biological properties of EVs isolated from hiPSC-derived neural progenitors (ectoderm), hiPSC-derived cardiac cells (mesoderm), and the undifferentiated hiPSCs (healthy iPSK3 and Alzheimer’s-associated SY-UBH lines) were analyzed. Results: Nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy results indicate that hiPSC-derived EVs have an average size of 100–250 nm. Immunoblot analyses confirmed the enrichment of exosomal markers Alix, CD63, TSG101, and Hsc70 in the purified EV preparations. MicroRNAs including miR-133, miR-155, miR-221, and miR-34a were differently expressed in the EVs isolated from distinct hiPSC lineages. Treatment of cortical spheroids with hiPSC-EVs in vitro resulted in enhanced cell proliferation (indicated by BrdU+ cells) and axonal growth (indicated by β-tubulin III staining). Furthermore, hiPSC-derived EVs exhibited neural protective abilities in Aβ42 oligomer-treated cultures, enhancing cell viability and reducing oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that the paracrine signaling provided by tissue context-dependent EVs derived from hiPSCs elicit distinct responses to impact the physiological state of cortical spheroids. Overall, this study advances our understanding of cell‒cell communication in the stem cell microenvironment and provides possible therapeutic options for treating neural degeneration.
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