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Plaza-Florido A, Olvera-Rojas M, Alcantara JMA, Radom-Aizik S, Ortega FB. Targeted proteomics involved in cardiovascular health and heart rate variability in children with overweight/obesity. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24113. [PMID: 38864311 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with overweight/obesity often exhibit alterations in their plasma protein profiles and reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Plasma proteomics is at the forefront of identifying biomarkers for various clinical conditions. We aimed to examine the association between plasma-targeted proteomics involved in cardiovascular health and resting vagal-related HRV parameters in children with overweight/obesity. METHODS Forty-four children with overweight/obesity (10.2 ± 1.1 years old; 52% boys) participated in the study. Olink's technology was used to quantify 92 proteins involved in cardiovascular health. HRV was measured using a heart rate monitor (Polar RS800CX). Four resting vagal-related HRV parameters were derived in time- and frequency-domain. RESULTS Eight proteins (KIM1, IgG Fc receptor II-b, IDUA, BOC, IL1RL2, TNFRSF11A, VSIG2, and TF) were associated with at least one out of the four vagal-related HRV parameters (β values ranging from -0.188 to 0.288; all p < .05), while KIM1, IDUA, and BOC associated with ≥ three vagal-related HRV parameters. Multiple hypothesis testing corrections did not reach statistical significance (false discovery rate [FDR >0.05]). CONCLUSION Plasma-targeted proteomics suggested novel biomarkers for resting vagal-related HRV parameters in children with overweight/obesity. Future studies using larger cohorts and longitudinal designs should confirm our findings and their potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Marcos Olvera-Rojas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M A Alcantara
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Tsai M, Gao W, Chien K, Kyaw TW, Baw C, Hsu C, Wen C. Resting Heart Rate Independent of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Is Associated With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Cohort Study Based on 476 347 Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030559. [PMID: 38038184 PMCID: PMC10727324 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among those without cardiovascular disease remains unclear. We aim to establish temporal consistency and elucidate the independent relationship between RHR and the risk of ESRD. METHODS AND RESULTS This cohort enrolled participants from 476 347 individuals who had taken part in a screening program from 1996 to 2017. We identified 2504 participants who had ESRD, and the median follow-up was 13 years. RHR was extracted from electrocardiography results, and the study assessed the relationship between RHR and the risk of ESRD using the Cox proportional hazards model. Of the participants, 32.6% had an RHR of 60 to 69 beats per minute (bpm), and 22.2% had an RHR of ≥80 bpm. Participants with an RHR of ≥80 bpm had a higher stage of chronic kidney disease, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and more proteinuria than those with an RHR of 60 to 69 bpm. Participants with an RHR of 80 to 89 and ≥90 bpm had a 24% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.09-1.42]) and 64% (HR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.42-1.90]) higher risk of ESRD, respectively. The risk of ESRD remained significantly elevated (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.10-1.58] per 10-beat increase from 60 bpm) after excluding participants who smoked; had hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia; or were overweight. CONCLUSIONS An RHR of ≥80 bpm is significantly associated with an increased risk of ESRD. These results suggest that RHR may serve as a risk factor for kidney disease in individuals without established cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min‐Kuang Tsai
- College of Public HealthTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public HealthNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wayne Gao
- College of Public HealthTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kuo‐Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public HealthNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Population Health Research CenterNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Thu Win Kyaw
- College of Public HealthTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chin‐Kun Baw
- Hospital MedicineThe Southeast Permanente Medical GroupGAAtlantaUSA
| | - Chih‐Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health SciencesNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Pang Wen
- Institute of Population Health SciencesNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
- China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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Gupta P, Kumar B, Banothu KK, Jain V. Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in 8-to-15-Year-Old Children with Overweight/Obesity by Three-Minute Step Test: Association with Degree of Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Insulin Resistance. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:1216-1222. [PMID: 36066791 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity using the Kasch pulse recovery (KPR) test, and its correlation with severity of obesity, insulin resistance, and blood pressure (BP). METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of baseline data from a study evaluating the efficacy of yoga for reduction of body mass index (BMI) in children aged 8-15 y with overweight/obesity. KPR three-minute step test was done. Children were classified into cardiorespiratory fitness categories based on the post-KPR heart rate (HR); the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was calculated, and the correlation analysis was done. RESULTS One hundred fifty-five children with mean age of 11.6 ± 1.8 y and mean BMI of 26.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2 were included. Mean post-KPR-HR and calculated VO2 max were 119 ± 14 per minute and 48.7 ± 5.6 mL/kg/min, respectively. In children < 13 y, cardiorespiratory fitness was excellent or very good in 28%, good or sufficient in 58%, and poor or very poor in 14%. BMI, waist circumference (WC), resting HR, systolic BP, and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were higher among those with poor/very poor fitness, with WC z score being statistically significant (p = 0.015). Post-KPR-HR showed positive correlation with BMI z score (r = 0.16, p = 0.044), WC z score (r = 0.21, p = 0.011), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.22, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION In children with overweight/obesity, 14% had poor cardiorespiratory fitness. Post-KPR-HR and calculated VO2 max had good correlation with measures of obesity and HOMA-IR. Further studies evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness and normative data of VO2 max for Indian children are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Banothu
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Jain
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Navarro-Lomas G, Plaza-Florido A, De-la-O A, Castillo MJ, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Fit-Fat Index is better associated with heart rate variability compared to fitness and fatness alone as indicators of cardiometabolic human health. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23945. [PMID: 37337972 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness indicators have been related to heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. The Fit-Fat Index (FFI) is a single index combining cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness indicators. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have previously analyzed whether FFI are related to cardiac autonomic nervous system activity assessed through HRV parameters. This study aimed (i) to examine the association of cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness indicators, and FFI with HRV parameters; and (ii) to report what of the different fatness indicators included in FFI is better associated with HRV parameters in sedentary adults. METHODS One hundred and fifty healthy adults (74 women; 76 men), aged between 18 and 65 years old, participated in this cross-sectional study. We measured cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption) and fatness indicators (waist-to-height ratio [WHR], fat mass percentage [FM%] and visceral adipose tissue [VAT]). Three FFIs were calculated as the quotient between cardiorespiratory fitness and one out of three possible fatness indicators: Fit-Fat Index calculated waist-to-height ratio (FFIWHR ), Fit-Fat Index calculated with FM% (FFIFM% ), and Fit-Fat Index calculated with VAT (FFIVAT ). HRV parameters were measured in resting conditions using a Polar RS800CX. RESULTS FFIWTHR , FFIFM% and FFIVAT were related to different HRV parameters (β ranges between -0.507 and 0.529; R2 ranges between 0.096 and 0.275; all p < .001) and the association was stronger with HRV parameters than the isolated fitness or fatness indicators (β ranges between -0.483 and 0.518; R2 ranges between 0.071 and 0.263; all p < .001). FFIVAT was the index more consistently associated with HRV parameters (β ranges between -0.507 and 0.529; R2 ranges between 0.235 and 0.275; all p < .001). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that compound FFIs are better predictors of HRV parameters than either cardiorespiratory fitness or fatness indicators alone. The FFIVAT was the best index in terms of its association to HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginés Navarro-Lomas
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
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Latorre-Román PÁ, de la Casa Pérez A, Pancorbo-Serrano D, Consuegra-Gonzalez PJ, Salas-Sánchez J, Muñoz-Jiménez M, Aragón-Vela J, Ramírez Lucas JM, Cabrera-Linares JC, Párraga-Montilla JA. Influence of physical fitness and weight status on autonomic cardiac modulation in children. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1754-1763. [PMID: 37280325 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study provides reference values for cardiovascular modulation at rest, during maximal exercise test and recovery after exercise in Caucasian children according to weight status and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level. Additionally, the current study analyzed several correlations between autonomic cardiovascular modulation, cardiorespiratory performance and cardiometabolic risk. The principal goal of this study was to analyze cardiac function at rest, during maximum exercise, and during the recovery phase in children grouped according to weight status and CRF level. METHODS One hundred and fifty-two healthy children (78 girls) 10-16 years of age were divided into three groups: soccer and basketball players (SBG), endurance group (EG), and sedentary people with overweight and obesity (OOG). A cardiac RR interval monitor recorded the cardiac data and specific software analyzed the cardiac autonomic response through heart rate (HR) and HR variability. The study analyzed resting HR (RHR), HRpeak, and HR recovery (HRR). RESULTS OOG showed significant poorer performance in the Léger test lower V̇O2 max and higher values of blood pressure at rest and post-exercise than sport groups. The EG presented the best results in CRF and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in relation to SBG and OOG. The OOG showed higher percentage of HR values, compatible with an unhealthy cardiovascular autonomic modulation than the sport groups, with significant differences in bradycardia, HR reserve, and HRR 5 min. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic performance, vagal activity, blood pressure, chronotropic competence, and HRR have significant associations with CMR parameters. IMPACT The current study presents reference values of autonomic cardiac function in Caucasian children according to weight status and cardiorespiratory fitness level. Aerobic performance, vagal activity, blood pressure, chronotropic competence, and heart rate during the recovery period after exercise have significant associations with cardiometabolic risk parameters. Children with overweight and obesity show signs of autonomic dysfunction reflected as low cardiac vagal activity and poor chronotropic competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Á Latorre-Román
- Department of Didactic of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaen, 23071, Jaen, Spain
| | - Ana de la Casa Pérez
- Department of Didactic of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaen, 23071, Jaen, Spain
| | - David Pancorbo-Serrano
- Department of Didactic of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaen, 23071, Jaen, Spain
| | - Pedro J Consuegra-Gonzalez
- Department of Didactic of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaen, 23071, Jaen, Spain
| | - Jesús Salas-Sánchez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
- Facultad de Educación, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Marcos Muñoz-Jiménez
- Department of Didactic of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaen, 23071, Jaen, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Health Sciences, Area of Physiology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain.
| | - Juan M Ramírez Lucas
- Department of Didactic of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaen, 23071, Jaen, Spain
| | | | - Juan A Párraga-Montilla
- Department of Didactic of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaen, 23071, Jaen, Spain
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Heart Rate Variability and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth Populations: The Impact of Heart Rate on Data Analysis. J Hum Kinet 2023; 86:1-5. [PMID: 37181258 PMCID: PMC10170545 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/159581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive association between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth populations is unclear. In this regard, several methodological aspects related to heart rate variability analysis could partially explain the disagreement between studies. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the influence of the heart rate on data analysis is unclear. In the present short communication, we discuss the impact of the heart rate on the associations between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. In addition, we proposed some aspects that should be considered for statistical analyses when the relationship between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness is studied. Finally, we should acknowledge that these recommendations may be applicable for other health-related outcomes different than cardiorespiratory fitness (e.g., inflammatory markers, cognition, cardiovascular disease status).
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Casanova-Lizón A, Manresa-Rocamora A, Flatt AA, Sarabia JM, Moya-Ramón M. Does Exercise Training Improve Cardiac-Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity in Sedentary People? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192113899. [PMID: 36360777 PMCID: PMC9656115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the training-induced effect on cardiac parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity, assessed by resting heart rate variability (HRV) and post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR), in sedentary healthy people. Electronic searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effects models of between-group standardised mean difference (SMD) were estimated. Heterogeneity analyses were performed by means of the chi-square test and I2 index. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed to investigate the influence of potential moderator variables on the training-induced effect. The results showed a small increase in RMSSD (SMD+ = 0.57 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23, 0.91]) and high frequency (HF) (SMD+ = 0.21 [95% CI = 0.01, 0.42]) in favour of the intervention group. Heterogeneity tests reached statistical significance for RMSSD and HF (p ≤ 0.001), and the inconsistency was moderate (I2 = 68% and 60%, respectively). We found higher training-induced effects on HF in studies that performed a shorter intervention or lower number of exercise sessions (p ≤ 0.001). Data were insufficient to investigate the effect of exercise training on HRR. Exercise training increases cardiac PNS modulation in sedentary people, while its effect on PNS tone requires future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casanova-Lizón
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustín Manresa-Rocamora
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Miguel Hernandez University, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Andrew A. Flatt
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University—Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - José Manuel Sarabia
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Miguel Hernandez University, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Moya-Ramón
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Miguel Hernandez University, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9666-52-046
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Latorre-Román PA, Floody PD, Martínez-Redondo M, Salas-Sánchez J, Consuegra-González PJ, Aragón-Vela J, Robles-Fuentes A, Sarabia-Cachadiña E, Párraga-Montilla JA. Comprehensive cardiac evaluation to maximal exercise in a contemporary population of prepubertal children. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:526-535. [PMID: 34718350 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate (HR) is a biomarker used to measure physiological function, health status and cardiovascular autonomic function. The purpose of this study was to determine sex- and age-specific reference values for cardiac autonomic function at rest, during maximal exercise and the recovery phase in prepubertal children. METHODS Five hundred and twelve healthy children 7-11 years of age performed a Léger test. A heart RR-interval monitor recorded the heart data and a specific software analysed the cardiac autonomic response through HR and HR variability (HRV). It analysed HR before the test (resting HR, RHR), during the test (HRpeak) and HR recovery (HRR) in the first minute (HRR1) and the fifth minute (HRR5). The values are mean ± SD. RESULTS Collectively, 91.2% of girls and 92.3% of boys were within the recommended ranges regarding RHR. The average HRpeak was 199 ± 10.83 b.p.m. and 96.8% of girls and 95.3% of boys were within the minimum threshold value recommended (180 b.p.m.). Boys showed lower values of RHR than girls (p < 0.001) and larger values of HRR 1 and HRR5 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study comprehensively provides a reference set of data for the most important HR variables that can be obtained during exercise testing in prepubertal children regarding age and sex and in a field setting. IMPACT This is the first study to provide reference values of autonomic cardiac function at rest, during maximal exercise and during the recovery period in prepubertal children aged 7-11 years. Despite the early age of participants, cardiorespiratory fitness, RHR and HRR are different according to sex. Aerobic performance and HRpeak have a negative correlation with body mass index and cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Delgado Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Elena Sarabia-Cachadiña
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Cardenal Spínola-CEU University Studies Center (Seville), Seville, Spain
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An Attempt to Predict Changes in Heart Rate Variability in the Training Intensification Process among Cyclists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147636. [PMID: 34300087 PMCID: PMC8303199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individual changes in resting heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were assessed in seven Polish cyclists during a training process consisting of: a six-week period (P1) of predominantly low- and moderate-intensity training (L-MIT) and a six-week period (P2) where the proportion of high-intensity interval training (HIT) increased. Daily recorded HRV parameters included high-frequency spectral power (HF), square root of the mean squared difference between successive normal-to-normal RR intervals (RMSSD), and standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN). In each training microcycle, the average values of HFav, RMSSDav, and SDNNav were calculated individually for each participant. In three cyclists, HF was higher in P2 compared to P1, whereas in one cyclist, HF was higher in P1 than in P2. Each of these four cyclists presented an individual correlation between the average daily duration HIT effort in training microcycles (HITav) and HFav. Cyclists with low baseline values of HRV parameters showed increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, while in the cyclist with high baseline values of HRV parameters, an opposite change was observed. In conclusion, changes in resting HRV parameters between period P1 and P2 can be individualised. In the investigated group, it was possible to predict how HRV would change as a result of training intensification on the basis of HRV baseline values.
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