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Trama R, Hautier C, Blache Y, Bertucci W, Chiementin X, Hintzy F. Intra-cycle analysis of muscle vibration during cycling. Sports Biomech 2023; 22:554-566. [PMID: 35658813 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2083010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclists are exposed for a long period to continuous vibrations. When a muscle is exposed to vibration, its efficiency decreases, the onset of fatigue occurs sooner, and the comfort of the cyclist is reduced. This study characterised the vastus lateralis (VL) soft tissue vibrations for different input frequencies and different pedalling phases. Ten cyclists were recruited to pedal at 55, 70, 85, and 100 rpm on a vibrating cycle ergometer that induced vibrations at frequencies ranging from 14.4 Hz (55 rpm) to 26.3 Hz (100 rpm). The VL vibration amplitude was quantified with a continuous wavelet transform and expressed as a function of the crank angle. The pedalling cycle was split into four phases (downstroke, backstroke, upstroke, and overstroke) to express the mean vibration amplitude and frequency of each phase. Statistical analysis depicted that VL vibration frequency increased with the pedalling cadence and that the VL was exposed to up to 50% more vibration amplitudes during the downstroke phase at a slow cadence. The increase in the pedal vibration frequency, a higher vibration transmission due to greater normal force on the pedal, and strong activation of the VL during the downstroke phase were discussed to explain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Trama
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Hautier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Yoann Blache
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - William Bertucci
- Laboratoire Performance Métrologie Santé Société, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Xavier Chiementin
- Institut de Thermique, Mécanique, et Matériaux, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Frédérique Hintzy
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
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Bossi AH, Mesquida C, Hopker J, Rønnestad BR. Adding Intermittent Vibration to Varied-intensity Work Intervals: No Extra Benefit. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:126-132. [PMID: 35354204 DOI: 10.1055/a-1812-7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Varied-intensity work intervals have been shown to induce higher fractions of maximal oxygen uptake during high-intensity interval training compared with constant-intensity work intervals. We assessed whether varied-intensity work intervals combined with intermittent vibration could further increase cyclists' fraction of maximal oxygen uptake to potentially optimise adaptive stimulus. Thirteen cyclists (V̇O2max: 69.7±7.1 ml·kg-1·min-1) underwent a performance assessment and two high-intensity interval training sessions. Both comprised six 5-minute varied-intensity work intervals within which the work rate was alternated between 100% (3×30-second blocks, with or without vibration) and 77% of maximal aerobic power (always without vibration). Adding vibration to varied-intensity work intervals did not elicit a longer time above ninety percent of maximal oxygen uptake (415±221 versus 399±209 seconds, P=0.69). Heart rate- and perceptual-based training-load metrics were also not affected (all P≥0.59). When considering individual work intervals, no between-condition differences were found (fraction of maximal oxygen uptake, P=0.34; total oxygen uptake, P=0.053; mean minute ventilation, P=0.079; mean heart rate, P=0.88; blood lactate concentration, P=0.53; ratings of perceived exertion, P=0.29). Adding intermittent vibration to varied-intensity work intervals does not increase the fraction of maximal oxygen uptake elicited. Whether intermittent exposure to vibration can enhance cyclists' adaptive stimulus triggered by high-intensity interval training remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Henrique Bossi
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.,Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Cristian Mesquida
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.,Facultad de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Hopker
- Facultad de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Bent Ronny Rønnestad
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
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Duc S, Urianstad T, Rønnestad BR. Adding Vibration During Varied-Intensity Work Intervals Increases Time Spent Near Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Well-Trained Cyclists. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:1565-1573. [PMID: 35926845 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research suggests that the percentage of maximal oxygen uptake attained and the time it is sustained close to maximal oxygen uptake (eg, >90%) can serve as a good criterion to judge the effectiveness of a training stimulus. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of adding vibration during varied high-intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions on physiological and neuromuscular responses. METHODS Twelve well-trained cyclists completed a counterbalanced crossover protocol, wherein 2 identical varied HIIT cycling sessions were performed with and without intermittent vibration to the lower-intensity workloads of the work intervals (6 × 5-min work intervals and 2.5-min active recovery). Each 5-minute work interval consisted of 3 blocks of 40 seconds performed at 100% of maximal aerobic power interspersed with 60-second workload performed at a lower power output, equal to the lactate threshold plus 20% of the difference between lactate threshold and maximal aerobic power. Oxygen uptake and electromyographic activity of lower and upper limbs were recorded during all 5-minute work intervals. RESULTS Adding vibration induced a longer time ≥90% maximal oxygen uptake (11.14 [7.63] vs 8.82 [6.90] min, d = 0.64, P = .048) and an increase in electromyographic activity of lower and upper limbs during the lower-intensity workloads by 20% (16%) and 34% (43%) (d = 1.09 and 0.83; P = .03 and .015), respectively. CONCLUSION Adding vibration during a varied HIIT session increases the physiological demand of the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems, indicating that this approach can be used to optimize the training stimulus of well-trained cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Duc
- Laboratory of Performance, Health, Metrology and Society, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Physical and Sport Activities, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims,France
| | - Tomas Urianstad
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer,Norway
| | - Bent R Rønnestad
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer,Norway
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Kramer M, Kholvadia A. The effect of vibration cycle ergometry on pulmonary VO2 kinetics, isokinetic knee torque, and lower extremity explosive power. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:943-952. [PMID: 33297853 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1862309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body vibration training is useful for eliciting additional training benefits, but whether vibration-based cycle ergometry would elicit similar benefits has been largely unexplored. Thirteen participants were recruited to investigate differences in vibration (VB) cycle ergometry compared to non-vibration (NV) cycle ergometry with regards to oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), jumping height, and isokinetic knee joint torque at different intensities and cadences. Meaningful ergometer differences (in favour of VB) were evident for maximal steady state V̇O2 HR and RPE, but not for the phase II V̇O2 time constant. No meaningful changes were observed for jumping height or isokinetic knee joint torque. The noteworthy increases in V̇O2, RPE and HR when using VB ergometry, specifically at higher cadences, and independent of intensity domain, may be linked to changes in muscle fibre recruitment or muscle activation. Practitioner summary: Traditional vibration training has purported various beneficial effects, but whether such effects transferred to cycling ergometry was under-researched. Vibration-based cycle ergometry may be a viable method of additionally stressing the cardiovascular system at the same relative intensity compared to non-vibration cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kramer
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation (PhASRec) Unit, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aayesha Kholvadia
- Human Movement Science Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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Viellehner J, Potthast W. The Effect of Cycling-specific Vibration on Neuromuscular Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:936-944. [PMID: 33196607 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to provide an understanding of how surface-induced vibrations in cycling interfere with short-term neuromuscular performance. METHODS The study was conducted as a cross-sectional single cohort trial. Thirty trained cyclists participated (mass = 75.9 ± 8.9 kg, body height = 1.82 ± 0.05 m, V˙O2max = 63 ± 6.8 mL·kg-1⋅min-1). The experimental intervention included a systematic variation of the two independent variables: vibration (Vib: front dropout, 44 Hz, 4.1 mm; rear dropout, 38Hz, 3.5 mm; NoVib) and cranking power (LOW, 137 ± 14 W; MED, 221 ± 18 W; HIGH, 331 ± 65 W) from individual low to submaximal intensity. Dependent variables were transmitted accelerations to the body, muscular activation (gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, triceps brachii, flexor carpi ulnaris, and lumbar erector spinae), heart rate, and oxygen consumption. RESULTS The main findings show that the root-mean-square of local accelerations increased with vibration at the lower extremities, the torso, and the arms-shoulder system. The activation of gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus, triceps brachii, and flexor carpi ulnaris increased significantly with vibration. The activation of vastus lateralis increased significantly with vibration only at HIGH cranking power. Oxygen consumption (+2.7%) and heart rate (+5%-7%) increased significantly in the presence of vibration. CONCLUSIONS Vibration is a full-body phenomenon. However, the impact of vibration on propulsion is limited as the main propulsive muscles at the thigh are not majorly affected. The demands on the cardiopulmonary and respiratory system increased slightly in the presence of vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Viellehner
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, GERMANY
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand if and how surface-induced vibrations and road bike damping affect short-term neuromuscular performance in cycling. Thirty cyclists (mass 75.9 ± 8.9 kg, height 1.82 ± 0.05 m, Vo2max 63.0 ± 6.8 ml/min/kg) performed steady-state and maximum effort tests with and without vibration exposure (front dropout: 44 Hz, 4.1 mm; rear dropout: 38 Hz, 3.5 mm) on a damped and a nondamped bike. Transmitted accelerations to the musculoskeletal system, activation of lower extremity muscles (gast. med., soleus, vast. med., rec. fem.) and upper body muscles (erec. spinae, deltoideus, tric. brachii), oxygen uptake, heart rate and crank power output were measured. The main findings indicate a transmission of vibration to the whole body, but since no major propulsive muscles increase their activation with vibration, the systemic energy demand increases only marginally with vibration. Damping reduces vibrations at the upper body, which indicates an increase in comfort, but has no effect on the vibration transfer to the lower extremities. Therefore, road bike damping does not affect neuromuscular response of the propulsive muscle groups and energy demand. Consequently, short-term power output does not increase with damping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Viellehner
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Potthast
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne, Germany
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Jemni M, Marina M, Delextrat A, Tanner A, Basset FA, Gu Y, Hu Q, Zhou H, Mkaouer B, Konukman F. Salivary endocrine response following a maximal incremental cycling protocol with local vibration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238051. [PMID: 32915796 PMCID: PMC7485839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of vibration (Vib versus noVib) during a maximal graded cycling exercise on hormonal response, precisely on cortisol (C) and testosterone (T). Twelve active males (25 ± 5yrs; 181 ± 5cm; 80.7 ± 11.1kg) randomly performed two maximal incremental cycling tests on two separate days and at the same time of the day (09:00). The protocol consisted of incremental steps of 3 min duration performed on a PowerBIKETM that induces vibration cycling. The study was a repeated measures design and participants performed the test with and without vibration. Gas exchange and heart rate (HR) were continuously assessed and blood lactate (Bla) was recorded at the end of each incremental stage. Saliva samples were collected before and immediately after the test, and analysed for (C) and (T). The results show that C and T increased in both cycling conditions; however, the C’s magnitude of change was significantly higher by 83% after Vib cycling in comparison to the no Vib (p = 0.014), whereas the T’s magnitude of change were not statistically different between trials (p = 0.715). Vibration induced a decrease of the T/C ratio (p = 0.046) but no significant changes were observed following noVib (p = 0.476). As a conclusion, the investigation suggests that adding mechanical vibration to cycling may potentiate a catabolic exercise-induced state, which could have potential clinical implications in rehabilitation and injury treatment. Sport experts should take this message home to carefully plan the recovery process and time during training and competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monèm Jemni
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- The University of Cambridge—Institute of Continuing Education, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: , (MJ); (YG)
| | | | - Anne Delextrat
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Tanner
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien A. Basset
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: , (MJ); (YG)
| | - Qiuli Hu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bessem Mkaouer
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Ferman Konukman
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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