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Oukheda M, Bouaouda K, Mohtadi K, Lebrazi H, Derouiche A, Kettani A, Saile R, Taki H. Association between nutritional status, body composition, and fitness level of adolescents in physical education in Casablanca, Morocco. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1268369. [PMID: 38024348 PMCID: PMC10661314 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1268369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to analyze and compare dietary intake, as well as to examine the associations between energy intake in terms of macronutrients, body composition, and physical fitness (PF) specifically cardiorespiratory endurance (CE) among a sample of young adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, who participate in physical education and sports sessions in public schools in Casablanca, Morocco. Materials and methods A total of 311 participants, including 156 girls and 154 boys, were included in the study. Each participant maintained a food diary for 3 days during the same study week. Additionally, body composition measurements were taken using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The PF was assessed using the validated mini-Cooper test (6 min). Results The results show that the participants had an average total energy intake of 2386.7 ± 492.7 kcal. A significant difference was observed between boys and girls, with average energy intakes of 2468.8 ± 531.1 kcal and 2304.0 ± 437.0 kcal, respectively. These dietary intakes were significantly lower than their needs and nutritional recommendations. The associations of nutritional status, sex, body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness (PF) were tested and a positive correlation was observed following an adequate intake of carbohydrates (CHO) and proteins on Vo2max, while a negative association was observed with regard to Body fat for both sexes. Boys exhibit significantly better PF than girls (p < 0.01). Obese participants had the lowest PF and an unbalanced nutritional status, the adolescents with a normal weight p < 0.01 displayed a high level of PF compared to individuals in other weight categories. Conclusion The PF is significantly associated with macronutrient intake status and body composition, especially BMI and BF. The Underweight, overweight, and obese students demonstrated poorer performance in physical fitness indices compared to normal-weight. Adolescents adhering to recommended CHO and protein intake levels tend to exhibit enhanced physical fitness. Implementing strategies to encourage students to maintain a balanced diet and engage in regular physical exercise is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Oukheda
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khawla Bouaouda
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Karima Mohtadi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Halima Lebrazi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelfettah Derouiche
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Anass Kettani
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Saile
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Taki
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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Floris J, Matthes KL, Le Vu M, Staub K. Intergenerational transmission of height in a historical population: From taller mothers to larger offspring at birth (and as adults). PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad208. [PMID: 37388921 PMCID: PMC10306274 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Changes in growth and height reflect changes in nutritional status and health. The systematic surveillance of growth can suggest areas for interventions. Moreover, phenotypic variation has a strong intergenerational component. There is a lack of historical family data that can be used to track the transmission of height over subsequent generations. Maternal height is a proxy for conditions experienced by one generation that relates to the health/growth of future generations. Cross-sectional/cohort studies have shown that shorter maternal height is closely associated with lower birth weight of offspring. We analyzed the maternal height and offspring weight at birth in the maternity hospital in Basel, Switzerland, from 1896 to 1939 (N = ∼12,000) using generalized additive models (GAMs). We observed that average height of the mothers increased by ∼4 cm across 60 birth years and that average birth weight of their children shows a similarly shaped and upward trend 28 years later. Our final model (adjusted for year, parity, sex of the child, gestational age, and maternal birth year) revealed a significant and almost linear association between maternal height and birth weight. Maternal height was the second most important variable modeling birth weight, after gestational age. In addition, we found a significant association between maternal height and aggregated average height of males from the same birth years at time of conscription, 19 years later. Our results have implications for public health: When (female/maternal) height increases due to improved nutritional status, size at birth-and subsequently also the height in adulthood of the next generation-increases as well. However, the directions of development in this regard may currently differ depending on the world region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathilde Le Vu
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Qin G, Qin Y, Liu B. Association between BMI and health-related physical fitness: A cross-sectional study in Chinese high school students. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1047501. [PMID: 36568802 PMCID: PMC9773132 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1047501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing studies reporting on the levels of physical fitness among high school students use relatively few fitness tests for indicators of physical fitness, thus, incomprehensively evaluating the levels of physical fitness. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness index (PFI) by investigating five physical fitness indicators and calculating PHI. Method Anthropometric measurements and indicators from five measures of physical fitness (50-m sprint, sit and reach, standing long jump, 800/1,000-m run, pull-up/bent-leg sit-up) were assessed. BMI was calculated to classify individuals into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese categories. Z-scores based on sex-specific mean and standard deviation were calculated, and the sum of Z-scores from the six fitness tests indicated the PFI. The findings were fitted to a linear regression model to elucidate the potential relationship between BMI and PFI. Results In total, 176,655 high school students (male: 88,243, female: 88,412, age: 17.1 ± 1.05 years, height: 168.87 ± 11.1 cm, weight: 62.54 ± 15.15 kg) in Jinan, China, completed the physical fitness tests between 2020 and 2021. The one-way ANOVA models showed that PFI in the normal category was significantly higher as compared to all the other BMI categories within both male and female groups (p < 0.001), and PFI in the obese category was significantly lower as compared to all the other BMI categories for both male and female groups (p < 0.001). The association between PFI and BMI showed an inverted U-shape relationship. Conclusions This study demonstrated that BMI affects the PFI in both males and females. As compared to the obese and overweight categories based on BMI, significantly higher scores of PFI were observed for males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyang Qin
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Guoyang Qin ;
| | - Yong Qin
- Physical Education Teaching and Research Office, Lixia District Bureau of Education and Sports of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Physical Education Teaching and Research Group, Jinan Licheng No. 2 High School, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Staub K, Matthes KL, Rühli F, Bender N. Clash of the pandemics - At least 150'000 adults in Switzerland suffer from obesity grades 2 or 3 and are thus at elevated risk for severe COVID-19. F1000Res 2020; 9:1413. [PMID: 33796278 PMCID: PMC7970431 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27819.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Grade 2 and 3 obesity, alongside with other relevant risk factors, are substantially and independently associated with adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, for Switzerland, due to the lack of synthesis studies, it is currently unknown how many people are affected by obesity at all. This knowledge may help to better estimate the relevance and size of this group at elevated risk, which could be incorporated into strategies to protect risk groups during the still unfolding COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to provide a first overall estimation of how many people in Switzerland are currently affected by grade 2 or 3 obesity. Methods: Five representative national population-based studies were accessed which were conducted between 2012 and 2017 and which include data on height and weight of adult men and women in Switzerland. Results: In Switzerland in 2012-2017, among the 11.20% adults who were obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥30.0kg/m2), 1.76% (95% CI 1.50-2.02) suffered from grade 2 obesity (BMI 35.0-39.9 kg/m2), and 0.58% (95% CI 0.50-0.66) from grade severe 3 obesity (BMI ≥40.0 kg/m2). Converted into estimated absolute population numbers, this corresponds to a total of approximately n=154,515 people who suffer from grade 2 or 3 obesity (n=116,216 and n=38,298, respectively). Conclusions: This risk group includes many younger people in Switzerland. The number of people with obesity-related risk becomes 3.8 to 13.6 times higher if grade 1 obesity and overweight people are also included in this risk group, for which there are arguments arising in the latest literature. In general, this large group at risk for severe COVID-19 should be given more attention and support. If it is confirmed that obesity plays a major role in severe COVID-19 courses, then every kilo of body weight that is not gained or that is lost in lockdown counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Staub
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health SSPH+, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katarina L. Matthes
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Rühli
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health SSPH+, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Bender
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health SSPH+, Zurich, Switzerland
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Crameri GAG, Bielecki M, Züst R, Buehrer TW, Stanga Z, Deuel JW. Reduced maximal aerobic capacity after COVID-19 in young adult recruits, Switzerland, May 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32914744 PMCID: PMC7502899 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.36.2001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In March 2020, we observed an outbreak of COVID-19 among a relatively homogenous group of 199 young (median age 21 years; 87% men) Swiss recruits. By comparing physical endurance before and in median 45 days after the outbreak, we found a significant decrease in predicted maximal aerobic capacity in COVID-19 convalescent but not in asymptomatically infected and SARS-CoV-2 naive recruits. This finding might be indicative of lung injury after apparently mild COVID-19 in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Bielecki
- University of Zurich, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Travel Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland.,Swiss Armed Forces, Medical Services, Ittigen, Switzerland
| | - Roland Züst
- Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP, Spiez Laboratory, Spiez, Switzerland
| | | | - Zeno Stanga
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Armed Forces, Medical Services, Ittigen, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Werner Deuel
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology and Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Swiss Armed Forces, Medical Services, Ittigen, Switzerland
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