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Weber-Spickschen TS, Geißler D, Lison A, Schulze C. [Isokinetic strength testing with different biomechanical demands on core strength: a comparison of military competitive athletes and soldiers with high occupational physical strain]. SPORTVERLETZUNG SPORTSCHADEN : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR ORTHOPADISCH-TRAUMATOLOGISCHE SPORTMEDIZIN 2024; 38:140-149. [PMID: 39151411 DOI: 10.1055/a-2324-2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
It is known that anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference and WHtR) and male gender are positively correlated with greater core strength, while age is negatively correlated. For competitive athletes with no significant differences in the anthropometric data stated above, there have hardly been any studies in which isometric core strength in a seated position is quantitatively compared among athletes in different sports. This study aimed to analyse different sports in well-trained athletes using military competitive sports as an example with regard to possible differences in core strength. For this purpose, Parachuting (n=28), Military Pentathlon (n=34) and Ski Platoon (n=38) groups were compared with regard to isokinetic core strength using dynamometry in seated position. In addition to the comparison of anthropometry and isokinetic results with descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Welch-ANOVA were used to compare the means of absolute and weight-adjusted core strength. It was shown that the Ski Platoon group had significantly higher flexion peak torque values than the Military Pentathlon and Parachuting groups. Even when adjusted for weight, the values were significantly higher than those measured in the Military Pentathlon group but not significantly higher than those in the Parachuting group. For extension peak torque, it was found that the Military Pentathlon group had significantly lower values than the Ski Platoon group and, in the weight-adjusted analysis, significantly lower values than the Parachuters. Using the example of competitive military sports, this study was able to show that there are significant differences in isokinetic core strength even among professional competitive athletes.This knowledge should be used to carry out detailed quantitative analyses of core strength, even in well-trained professional athletes, to find applications for prevention or to coordinate compensating exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Geißler
- Universitätsklinikum Rostock: Universitatsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, GERMANY
| | - Andreas Lison
- Zentrum für Sportmedizin, Bundeswehr, Warendorf, GERMANY
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Zemková E, Amiri B, Horníková H, Zapletalová L. Potential neurophysiological and biomechanical risk factors for sport-related back problems: A scoping review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:123-138. [PMID: 38708324 PMCID: PMC11067771 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aims (1) to map the literature dealing with neurophysiological and biomechanical aspects of back problems in athletes in order to identify valid risk-factors for their prevention, plus (2) to identify gaps in the existing research and propose suggestions for future studies. A literature search conducted with Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was completed by Elsevier, SpringerLink and Google Scholar. The main neurophysiological risk factors identified leading to back problems in athletes are neuromuscular imbalance, increased muscle fatigability, muscle dysfunction and impaired motor control, whilst biomechanical risk factors include maladaptive spinal, spinopelvic and lower limb kinematics, side-to-side imbalances in axial strength and hip rotation range of motion, spinal overloading and deficits in movement pattern. However, most studies focused on back pain in the lumbar region, whereas less attention has been paid to thoracic and cervical spine problems. The range of sports where this topic has been studied is relatively small. There is a lack of research in sports in which the core muscles are highly involved in specific movements such as lifting weights or trunk rotations. A limited number of studies include female athletes and master athletes of both genders. In addition to chronic back pain patients, it is equally important to conduct research on healthy athletes with a predisposition to spine problems. Investigators should focus their empirical work on identifying modifiable risk factors, predict which athletes are at risk for back problems, and develop personalized sport-specific assessment tools and targeted prevention strategies for them. This review was registered using the Open Science Framework Registries (https://osf.io/ha5n7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Zemková
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Banafsheh Amiri
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Horníková
- Department of Track and Field and Sport Conditioning, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila Zapletalová
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia
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Zhou J, Wang J, Li J, Zhu Z, He Z, Li J, Tang T, Chen H, Du Y, Li Z, Gao M, Zhou Z, Xi Y. Repetitive strikes loading organ culture model to investigate the biological and biomechanical responses of the intervertebral disc. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1314. [PMID: 38249719 PMCID: PMC10797252 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Disc degeneration is associated with repetitive violent injuries. This study aims to explore the impact of repetitive strikes loading on the biology and biomechanics of intervertebral discs (IVDs) using an organ culture model. Methods IVDs from the bovine tail were isolated and cultured in a bioreactor, with exposure to various loading conditions. The control group was subjected to physiological loading, while the model group was exposed to either one strike loading (compression at 38% of IVD height) or repetitive one strike loading (compression at 38% of IVD height). Disc height and dynamic compressive stiffness were measured after overnight swelling and loading. Furthermore, histological morphology, cell viability, and gene expression were analyzed on Day 32. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and nitric oxide (NO) release in conditioned medium were also analyzed. Results The repetitive one strike group exhibited early disc degeneration, characterized by decreased dynamic compression stiffness, the presence of annulus fibrosus clefts, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, this group demonstrated significantly higher levels of cell death (p < 0.05) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, upregulation of MMP1, MMP13, and ADAMTS5 was observed in both nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissues of the repetitive one strike group (p < 0.05). The one strike group exhibited annulus fibrosus clefts but showed no gene expression changes compared to the control group. Conclusions This study shows that repetitive violent injuries lead to the degeneration of a healthy bovine IVDs, thereby providing new insights into early-stage disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Zhou
- Department of Spinal SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhengya Zhu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Junhong Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Tao Tang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Hongkun Chen
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yukun Du
- Department of Spinal SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
| | - Manman Gao
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Sport Medicine, Inst Translat MedThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti‐aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yongming Xi
- Department of Spinal SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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Wasser JG, Bruner ML, Chen C, Vincent HK. Identifying Risk Factors for Preexisting or Developing Low Back Pain in Youth, High School, and Collegiate Lacrosse Players Using 3-Dimensional Motion Analysis. Orthop J Sports Med 2024; 12:23259671241231958. [PMID: 38496334 PMCID: PMC10943740 DOI: 10.1177/23259671241231958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition that can affect athletes of all ages. The risk factors for LBP onset and worsening associated with the lacrosse shooting motion are not yet known. Purpose To identify training and biomechanical factors associated with preexisting LBP and development of LBP over 6 months in youth, high school, and collegiate lacrosse players. Study Design Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods A total of 128 lacrosse players were enrolled in this study between January 2016 and January 2019. Player characteristics, lacrosse experience, and participation in other sports were self-reported. At baseline and 2-, 4-, and 6-month follow-ups, the players self-rated the presence and severity of LBP using a numeric pain rating scale (0-10 points). Participants were grouped according to LBP symptoms: no LBP at any time point (n = 102), preexisting LBP (n = 17), or developed LBP within the 6-month period (n = 9). The lacrosse shooting motion was captured via 3-dimensional motion analysis, and kinematic and kinetic variables were recorded. A Low Back Stress Index was used to estimate lumbar stress as a function of pelvic acceleration at the time of maximum lateral trunk lean during the shot. Univariate analyses of covariance and logistic regression models were used to address study aims. Results Compared with the no-LBP group, the preexisting LBP group demonstrated 13.9% to 22.9% lower maximum angular velocities at the pelvis, trunk, and shoulders in the transverse plane (P < .05), 19.3% less collective pelvis-shoulder rotation in the transverse plane (P = .015), and 4.5% more knee flexion excursion (P = .063). The developed-LBP group produced 2.3% to 11.1% higher angular velocities in the pelvis, trunk, and shoulder and generated maximum pelvic acceleration values 36% to 42% higher than the remaining groups (P < .05 for both). Mean Low Back Stress Index values were not statistically significant among the groups (no LBP: 12,504 ± 13,076 deg2/s2; preexisting LBP: 8808 ± 10,174 deg2/s2; developed LBP: 19,389 ± 13,590 deg2/s2; P = .157). Conclusion Preexisting LBP was associated with significantly restricted motion of the pelvis, trunk, and shoulders during a lacrosse shot. Excessive pelvic acceleration may be related to the development of LBP in lacrosse players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Wasser
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L. Bruner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Heather K. Vincent
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Shu D, Dai S, Wang J, Meng F, Zhang C, Zhao Z. Impact of Running Exercise on Intervertebral Disc: A Systematic Review. Sports Health 2024:19417381231221125. [PMID: 38204324 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231221125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Running is one of the most popular sports worldwide. However, controversies exist regarding how running affects runner's intervertebral discs (IVD). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to systematically review studies that evaluated IVD morphology or composition changes in response to running exercise, to determine the impact of running exercise on IVD. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search was performed for 4 major databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) healthy people without known IVD disease or major complications such as tuberculosis (IVD degeneration or low back pain are considered as minor complications); (2) subjects performed 1-time or regular running exercises; (3) pre and post comparison of runners or comparison between runners and healthy control subjects; (4) direct or indirect IVD morphology or composition measured; (5) IVD assessed before and after either acute or chronic running exercise, or compared cross-sectionally between runners and controls. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) reviews, editorials, letters or abstracts only; (2) animal studies; (3) subjects performed exercise other than running. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION The extracted data included study design and primary outcomes of the included studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate study quality and risk of bias. RESULTS A total of 13 studies with 632 participants were included in the final analysis; 4 studies measured IVD changes using stature or spinal height, and the other 9 measured IVD changes using magnetic resonance imaging; 6 studies found that running acutely and negatively impacts IVD; 3 out of 5 cross-sectional studies found that IVD parameters are better for runners than controls; 1 longitudinal study found no significant difference in IVD before and after training for marathon in runners; 1 longitudinal study found no significant difference in changes of IVD between runners and controls after 15 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION Negative changes in IVD exist for a short period of time after running, which may be due to the temporary compression pushing water content out of the disc. Cross-sectional studies suggest that long-term running exerts a mild positive effect on IVD; however, this inference has not been confirmed by high-quality longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbo Shu
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging of Tumor and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, China
| | - Siyu Dai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sport Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging of Tumor and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, China
| | - Fanjing Meng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sport Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging of Tumor and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, China
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Malam Moussa Ahmet H, Bika Lele EC, Guessogo WR, Bian WM, Guyot J, Ahmadou, Assomo-Ndemba PB, Ayina CN, Kojom Foko LP, Dupré C, Barth N, Bongue B, Ba A, Samb A, Mandengue SH, Mekoulou Ndongo J. Musculoskeletal pains among amateur and professional athletes of five disciplines in Senegal: a preliminary study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:210. [PMID: 36949497 PMCID: PMC10031927 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pains (MSPs) in sport are cause of poor performances and loss of competition in athletes. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of MSPs with regard to sport disciplines and athletic status. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 Senegalese professional and amateur athletes practicing football, basketball, rugby, tennis, athletics, and wrestling. Rates of MSPs in the past year (MSPs-12) and week (MSPs-7d) were assessed using standard questionnaires. RESULTS Overall proportions of MSPs-12 and MSPs-7d were 70 and 74.2%, respectively. MSPs-12 were more frequently reported on shoulders (40.6%), neck (37.1%) and hips/thigh (34.4%), while MSPs-7d were predominant on hips/thigh (29.5%), shoulders (25.7%), and upper back (17.2%). Proportions of MSPs-12 and MSPs-7d varied significantly by sport disciplines, with highest values among basketball players. Again, highest MSPs-12 proportions on shoulders (29.7%, P = 0.02), wrists/hands (34.6%, P = 0.001), (40.2%, P = 0.0002), and knees (38.8%, P = 0.002) were seen among basketball players. High proportions of MSPs-7d were seen on shoulders (29.6%, P = 0.04) for tennis players, wrists/hands (29.4%, P = 0.03) for basketball and football players, and hips/thigh (38.8%, P < 0.00001) for basketball players. Football players had reduced risk of MSPs-12 by 75% on lower back (OR = 0.25; 95% CI. 0.10-0.63; P = 0.003) and by 72% on knees (OR = 0.28; 95% CI. 0.08-0. 95; P = 0.04). In contrast, tennis players were more at risk of MSPs-12 on shoulders (OR = 3.14; 95% CI. 1.14-8.68; P = 0.02), wrists/hands (OR = 5.18; 95% CI.1.40-11.13; P = 0.01), and hips/thigh (OR = 2.90; 95% CI. 1.1-8.38; P = 0.04). Professionals were protected from MSPs-12 on neck pain with a significant reduction of risk by 61% (OR = 0.39, 95% CI. 0.21-0.75, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION MSPs are a reality among athletes and their risk is modulated by sport disciplines, athletic status and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elysée Claude Bika Lele
- Physical Activities and Sport Physiology and Medicine Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Wiliam Mbang Bian
- National Institute for Youth and Sports Yaounde, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jessica Guyot
- Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, 42023, France
| | - Ahmadou
- Physical Activities and Sport Physiology and Medicine Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Peguy Brice Assomo-Ndemba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Clarisse Noel Ayina
- Physical Activities and Sport Physiology and Medicine Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Loick Pradel Kojom Foko
- Physical Activities and Sport Physiology and Medicine Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Caroline Dupré
- Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, 42023, France
| | - Nathalie Barth
- Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, 42023, France
| | - Bienvenu Bongue
- Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, 42023, France
| | - Abdoulaye Ba
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdoulaye Samb
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Samuel Honoré Mandengue
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jerson Mekoulou Ndongo
- Physical Activities and Sport Physiology and Medicine Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
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Abdollahi S, Sheikhhoseini R, Rahimi M, Huddleston WE. The sacroiliac dysfunction and pain is associated with history of lower extremity sport related injuries. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:36. [PMID: 36941717 PMCID: PMC10029172 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the association of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction and pain with overuse and acute lower limb and pelvic girdle injuries of Iranian basketball players. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, basketball-related injury data were collected during 2019-2020 from 204 basketball players of the Iranian league using the online Information Retrospective Injury Questionnaire. A researcher then performed ten clinical tests to assess SIJ dysfunction and pain (five tests for dysfunction and five tests for pain). Data analysis was performed by logistic regression at the confidence interval of 95%. RESULTS Within our sample (n = 204), injury rates were calculated across sub-groups of athletes that had only SIJ pain (n = 19), only SIJ dysfunction (n = 67), both SIJ pain and dysfunction (n = 15) or no SIJ complaints (n = 103). Across these groups, a total of 464 injuries were reported. SIJ pain group reported 80 injuries (17.2%), SIJ dysfunction group reported 210 injuries (45.2%), both SIJ pain and dysfunction group reported 58 injuries (12.5%, and the no SIJ pain or SIJ dysfunction group reported 116 injuries (25.0%). Participants with SIJ pain were more likely to report previous pelvic girdle injuries (overuse: odds ratio (OR): 0.017; 95% CI: 0.005-0.56; p < 0.001 and acute: OR: 0.197; 95%CI: 0.101-0.384; p < 0.001) and also lower limb injuries (overuse: OR: 0.179, 95%CI: 0.082-0.392, p < 0.001). Participants with SIJ dysfunction only were likely to report acute pelvic girdle injuries (OR: 0.165; 95%CI: 0.070-0.387; p < 0.001) and acute lower limb injuries (OR: 0.165; 95%CI: 0.030-0.184; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The presence of SIJ dysfunction and pain is associated with a history of acute and overuse injuries in the pelvic girdle and lower limb. Thus, SIJ dysfunction and pain should be specifically evaluated and addressed when designing rehabilitation programs for sports-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Abdollahi
- Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Western Azadi Sport Complex Boulevard, Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahman Sheikhhoseini
- Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Western Azadi Sport Complex Boulevard, Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injuries, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Western Azadi Sport Complex Boulevard, Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wendy E Huddleston
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Technology, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Maybaum N, Rios-Martinez S, Johnson M. Quantitative Global Survey Results of Acute Back Pain Sufferers Across Four Countries. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 2023; 14:97-110. [PMID: 37163190 PMCID: PMC10164374 DOI: 10.2147/prom.s396674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surveys of back pain sufferers in the United States, China, Russia, and Germany were performed to better understand self-reported causes of acute nonspecific back pain and acute lower back pain among individuals engaging in sports and their preferred treatments. Methods In each country, 1000 participants were surveyed (Step 1) to identify a population of nonspecific acute back pain sufferers, understand pain and treatment characteristics, and generate profiles for individuals with long-lasting (≥7 days) acute lower back pain. Subsequently, 200 participants with acute lower back pain episodes (7-21 days) and sports participation were identified in each country and completed surveys (Step 2) about sociodemographic, pain, treatment characteristics, and causes/triggers of long-lasting acute lower back pain episodes. Results In the United States, China, Russia, and Germany, respectively, 59%, 49%, 61%, and 63% of respondents reported ≥1 episode of nonspecific acute back pain in the previous 6 months. Average numbers of monthly nonspecific acute back pain episodes in the United States, Russia, Germany, and China were 2.5, 1.8, 1.3, and 0.8, respectively. Prevalence of acute lower back pain associated with sports/leisure activities ranged from 20% (Russia and Germany) to 46% (China). Onset of long-lasting acute lower back pain was between ages 30 and 33 years, limiting usual activities and reducing walking distance in 60% to 85% of respondents across all countries. Acute lower back pain started post-exercise within the first day for ≥75% of respondents. Most popular nonprescription and prescription treatments for acute lower back pain were creams/gels in Russia, creams/gels and oral painkillers in Germany, oral painkillers in the United States, and hot/cold patches in China. Conclusion These results help to better understand acute back pain triggers, features, and treatment preferences among sports participants in different countries. Further research is warranted to develop preventative strategies. Trial Registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Maybaum
- Haleon, Warren, NJ, USA
- Correspondence: Nadine Maybaum, Haleon, 184 Liberty Corner Road, Warren, NJ, 07059, USA, Tel +1 908 293-4000, Email
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Witwit WA, Hebelka H, Swärd Aminoff A, Abrahamson J, Todd C, Baranto A. No Significant Change in MRI Abnormalities or Back Pain Prevalence in the Thoraco-Lumbar Spine of Young Elite Skiers Over a 2-Year Follow-Up. Open Access J Sports Med 2022; 13:69-76. [PMID: 36003328 PMCID: PMC9394653 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s366548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young athletes are at increasing risk for spinal column injuries due to overloading the spine with excessive sports activities, with potential development of complications later in life. Purpose The purpose of this 2-year follow-up study of young elite skiers and non-athletes was to investigate any potential change in the thoraco-lumbar findings on MRI and to outline any change in back pain prevalence with continuing sporting activity and age. Study Design Longitudinal cross-sectional study. Methods MRI of the thoraco-lumbar spine was performed on 30 skiers (mean age 20 years, female 43%) and 16 non-athletes (mean age 19, female 75%), available for the 2-year follow-up. The intervertebral discs were evaluated for signal, height, bulge/herniation, and additionally according to Pfirrmann classification, and the endplates were graded according to endplate defect score. Any of the following disc findings was defined as disc degenerative change: reduced signal, reduced height, bulge, or herniation. All participants answered a specific back pain questionnaire. Results No significant difference in spinal column abnormalities, nor back pain, was found between baseline and 2-year follow-up in neither skiers nor controls. There was significantly higher prevalence of disc degenerative changes in skiers (73%) than in non-athletes (44%, p=0.05). Skiers (63%) had significantly more Pfirrmann grade ≥3 discs compared to non-athletes (25%) (p=0.03). There was no significant difference in number of endplates with score ≥4 between skiers and non-athletes (50% vs 38%, p=0.40) nor in lifetime prevalence of back pain between skiers (46%) and non-athletes (40%). Conclusion There was no significant change over time of the spinal column MRI abnormalities, nor back pain prevalence, during a 2-year follow-up of skiers and non-athletes. Young skiers had significantly higher prevalence of spine abnormalities compared with non-athletes. There was no significant difference of the back pain lifetime prevalence in skiers compared with non-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam A Witwit
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hanna Hebelka
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Swärd Aminoff
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefin Abrahamson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Todd
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adad Baranto
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Johansson F, Gabbett T, Svedmark P, Skillgate E. External Training Load and the Association With Back Pain in Competitive Adolescent Tennis Players: Results From the SMASH Cohort Study. Sports Health 2021; 14:111-118. [PMID: 34693813 PMCID: PMC8655482 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211051636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In young tennis players, high loads on the spine and high training volumes in relation to age are associated with a high lifetime prevalence of back pain. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if accumulated external workload “spikes” in the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) of tennis training, match play, and fitness training, and if high or low workload/age ratio were associated with back pain events in competitive adolescent tennis players. Additional aims were to report the incidence of back pain stratified by sex and level of play and to describe the characteristics of players with back pain. Hypothesis: Rapid increases in external workload are associated with the incidence of back pain. Study Design: Cohort study of 198 competitive tennis players, 13 to 19 years, with a weekly follow-up for 52 consecutive weeks. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Accumulated external workload spikes (uncoupled ACWR >1.3), and the workload/age ratio, were time-varying exposures in Cox regression analyses with the outcome back pain (pain intensity ≥2/10 in the lower back and/or in the upper back/neck with a pain-related disability). Results: For each additional workload spike in tennis training/match play, the hazard rate ratio (HRR) was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.06-1.28) for back pain. The corresponding HRR for fitness training was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05-1.22). Training workload/age ratio was not related to back pain. Conclusion: Accumulated external workload spikes of tennis training, match play, and/or fitness training are associated with a higher rate of back pain events in competitive adolescent tennis players. Clinical Relevance: Back pain is a troublesome clinical problem that may affect the performance of talented young tennis players. Structuring the training schedule to minimize rapid increases (ie, spikes) of training load on a weekly basis may enhance performance and reduce back pain in adolescent tennis players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Johansson
- Tennis Research and Performance Group, MUSIC, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Naprapathögskolan-Scandinavian College of Naprapathic Manual Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, Clayfield, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Per Svedmark
- Center for Spine Surgery, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Skillgate
- Tennis Research and Performance Group, MUSIC, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Zemková E, Zapletalová L. Back Problems: Pros and Cons of Core Strengthening Exercises as a Part of Athlete Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5400. [PMID: 34070164 PMCID: PMC8158512 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
While competitive training is usually associated with the prevalence of back pain and injuries in athletes, little attention is being paid to the positive effects of sport-specific exercises on core musculature in the prevention of back problems. This scoping review aims (i) to map the literature that addresses the effects on reduction of back problems following athlete training with differing demands on the core musculature and (ii) to identify gaps in the existing literature and propose future research on this topic. The main literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases and was completed on Elsevier, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. A total of 21 research articles met the inclusion criteria. The findings of 17 studies identified that core strengthening and core stabilization exercises, alone or in combination with athlete training, contribute to the reduction of back pain in athletes, whereas only four studies revealed no significant association of core muscle strength and/or endurance with back problems. Nevertheless, more research is warranted to elucidate the pros and cons of purely sport-specific training with differing demands on the core musculature on back health in athletes. This could help us to design prevention strategies specifically tailored to individual athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Zemková
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Sports Technology Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila Zapletalová
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia;
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