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Iba T, Maier CL, Levi M, Levy JH. Thromboinflammation and microcirculation damage in heatstroke. Minerva Med 2024; 115:191-202. [PMID: 38240696 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.23.08919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Rising temperatures associated with climate change have significantly increased the risk of heatstroke. Unfortunately, the trend is anticipated to persist and increasingly threaten vulnerable populations, particularly older adults. According to Japan's environment ministry, over 1000 people died from heatstroke in 2021, and 86% of deaths occurred in those above 65. Since the precise mechanism of heatstroke is not fully understood, we examined the pathophysiology by focusing on the microcirculatory derangement. Online search of published medical literature through MEDLINE and Web of Science using the term "heatstroke," "heat-related illness," "inflammation," "thrombosis," "coagulation," "fibrinolysis," "endothelial cell," and "circulation." Articles were chosen for inclusion based on their relevance to heatstroke, inflammation, and thrombosis. Reference lists were reviewed to identify additional relevant articles. Other than preexisting conditions (genetic background, age, etc.), factors such as hydration status, acclimatization, dysregulated coagulation, and inflammation are the additional major factors that promote tissue malcirculation in heatstroke. The fundamental pathophysiologic mechanisms significantly overlap with those seen in the systemic inflammatory response to sepsis, and as a result, coagulation-predominant coagulopathy develops during heat stress. Although a bleeding tendency is not common, bleeding frequently occurs in the microcirculation, causing additional injury. Sterile inflammation is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other humoral mediators in concert with cellular factors, including monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and endothelial cells. Excess inflammation results in inflammatory cell death, including pyroptosis and necroptosis, and the release of danger signals that further propagate systemic inflammation and coagulopathy. Consequently, thromboinflammation is the critical factor that induces microcirculatory disturbance in heatstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan -
| | - Cheryl L Maier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marcel Levi
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Chen H, Xie W, Peng Z, Liu Y, Li H, Huang W. NOBILETIN AMELIORATES HEATSTROKE-INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY BY INHIBITING FERROPTOSIS VIA P53/SLC7A11 PATHWAY. Shock 2024; 61:105-111. [PMID: 37695738 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The molecular mechanism for nobiletin's protective effect against heatstroke-induced acute lung injury (HS-ALI) remains largely unknown. Previous research has demonstrated that ferroptosis is an important pathogenic event in HS-ALI. Nobiletin is a natural polymethoxylated flavonoid. Herein, we investigated the potential contribution of nobiletin to HS-ALI by inhibiting ferroptosis. Heat stress was used to induce HS-ALI in mice, and mouse lung epithelial-12 (MLE-12) cells were stimulated by heat stress in vitro . Nobiletin was administrated by gavage for 2 h before HS induction. Biochemical kits, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were performed on the markers of ferroptosis. Our results showed that nobiletin administration significantly attenuated HS-induced lung injury and ferroptosis. Moreover, nobiletin pretreatment significantly reversed HS-induced p53 upregulation in vivo and in vitro . Pretreatment with a p53 agonist, tenovin-6, partly abolished the protective effect of nobiletin in mice with HS-ALI. Meanwhile, p53 knockdown significantly increased GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression levels compared with the HS group in HS-induced MLE-12 cells. Subsequently, nobiletin ameliorated HS-induced MLE-12 cells ferroptosis by activating the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway, whereas p53 overexpression effectively abolished the protective effect of nobiletin. Taken together, our findings reveal that nobiletin attenuates HS-ALI by inhibiting ferroptosis through the p53/SLC7A11 pathway, indicating it to be a potential therapeutic agent for HS-ALI prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidang Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zanling Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yu J, Zhao B, Pi Q, Zhou G, Cheng Z, Qu C, Wang X, Kong L, Luo S, Du D, Guo Y. Deficiency of S100A8/A9 attenuates pulmonary microvascular leakage in septic mice. Respir Res 2023; 24:288. [PMID: 37978525 PMCID: PMC10655323 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported a positive correlation between S100 calcium-binding protein (S100) A8/S100A9 and sepsis-induced lung damage before. However, limited knowledge exists concerning the biological role of S100A8/A9 in pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction, as well as the diagnostic value of S100A8/A9 in sepsis. METHODS Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6J mice and S100A9-knockout (KO) mice through the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Pulmonary vascular leakage was determined by measuring extravasated Evans blue (EB). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the histological score were used to evaluate inflammation and lung injury, respectively. Recombinant S100A8/A9 (rhS100A8/A9) was used to identify the effects of S100A8/A9 on endothelial barrier dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Additionally, the diagnostic value of S100A8/A9 in sepsis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic. RESULTS S100A8/A9 expression was up-regulated in the lungs of CLP-operated mice. S100A9 KO significantly reversed CLP-induced hypothermia and hypotension, resulting in an improved survival rate. S100A9 KO also decreased the inflammatory response, EB leakage, and histological scores in the lungs of CLP-operated mice. Occludin and VE-cadherin expressions were decreased in the lungs of CLP-operated mice; However, S100A9 KO attenuated this decrease. Moreover, CLP-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling activation and apoptosis were mitigated by S100A9 KO in lungs. In addition, rhS100A8/A9 administration significantly decreased occludin and VE-cadherin expressions, increased the phosphorylated (p)-ERK/ERK, p-p38/p38, and B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2)-associated X protein/Bcl-2 ratios in HUVECs. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated S100A8/A9 aggravated sepsis-induced pulmonary inflammation, vascular permeability, and lung injury. This was achieved, at least partially, by activating the P38/STAT3/ERK signalling pathways. Moreover, S100A8/A9 showed the potential as a biomarker for sepsis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Boying Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qiangzhong Pi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiang Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing University three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404199, China
| | - Can Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dingyuan Du
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Yongzheng Guo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Jia D, Huan Z, Han J, Xu C, Sui L, Ge X. HSF1 enhances the attenuation of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells to hemorrhagic shock induced lung injury by altering the protein profile of exosomes. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110693. [PMID: 37506505 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Severe hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to lung injury, resulting in respiratory insufficiency. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have therapeutic effects on the organ injury. HSF1 has been reported to protect the lung against injury. In this study, the role of exosomes from HSF1-overexpressed MSCs (HSF1-EVs) in HS-induced lung injury was investigated. We constructed a mouse model of lung injury by induction with HS and pre-treated it with HSF1-EVs. It was clarified that HSF1-EVs manifested better protective effects on HS-induced lung injury compared with the exosomes derived from control MSCs. Inhalation of HSF1-EVs declined the ratio of wet to dry and total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Besides, HSF1-EVs greatly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and HMGB1), and constrained the pulmonary neutrophilic infiltration induced by HS. A reduction of oxidative stress was observed in HSF1-EV-treated mice. HSF1-EVs suppressed the HS-induced apoptosis of lung cell and downregulated Bcl-2 expression, while promoting Bax expression. The key proteins of pulmonary epithelial barrier, E-cadherin, ZO-1 and Occludin, were all upregulated in HS-treated mice after HSF1-EV inhalation, suggesting that HSF1-EVs played a protective role in the epithelial barrier of lung. Additionally, the results of proteomics showed that HSF1 overexpression altered the protein profile of MSC-derived exosomes, which might explain the more significant relief effect of HSF1-EVs on lung injury compared with that of Plasmid-EVs. These new findings demonstrated that the exosomes secreted by HSF1-overexpressed MSCs can be an effective precautionary measure for lung injury induced by HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Huan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Sui
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China; Orthopedic Institution of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China.
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Goto H, Kinoshita M, Oshima N. Heatstroke-induced acute kidney injury and the innate immune system. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1250457. [PMID: 37614951 PMCID: PMC10442538 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1250457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke can cause multiple organ failure and systemic inflammatory response syndrome as the body temperature rises beyond the body's ability to regulate temperature in a hot environment. Previous studies have indicated that heatstroke-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to chronic kidney disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate the mechanism of heatstroke-induced AKI and to establish methods for its prevention and treatment. Recent reports have revealed that innate immunity, including neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells, is deeply involved in heat-induced AKI. In this review, we will discuss the roles of each immune cell in heat-induced renal injury and their potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Goto
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Li F, Deng J, He Q, Zhong Y. ZBP1 and heatstroke. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091766. [PMID: 36845119 PMCID: PMC9950778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke, which is associated with circulatory failure and multiple organ dysfunction, is a heat stress-induced life-threatening condition characterized by a raised core body temperature and central nervous system dysfunction. As global warming continues to worsen, heatstroke is expected to become the leading cause of death globally. Despite the severity of this condition, the detailed mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of heatstroke still remain largely unknown. Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), also referred to as DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI) and DLM-1, was initially identified as a tumor-associated and interferon (IFN)-inducible protein, but has recently been reported to be a Z-nucleic acid sensor that regulates cell death and inflammation; however, its biological function is not yet fully understood. In the present study, a brief review of the main regulators is presented, in which the Z-nucleic acid sensor ZBP1 was identified to be a significant factor in regulating the pathological characteristics of heatstroke through ZBP1-dependent signaling. Thus, the lethal mechanism of heatstroke is revealed, in addition to a second function of ZBP1 other than as a nucleic acid sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Li
- Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Critical Care Medicine and Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayi Deng
- Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuli He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qiuli He, ; Yanjun Zhong,
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Qiuli He, ; Yanjun Zhong,
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Chen H, Lin X, Yi X, Liu X, Yu R, Fan W, Ling Y, Liu Y, Xie W. SIRT1-mediated p53 deacetylation inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates heat stress-induced lung epithelial cells injury. Int J Hyperthermia 2022; 39:977-986. [PMID: 35853732 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2094476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of heat stroke (HS) and a direct cause of death. However, the mechanism underlying ALI following HS remains unclear. METHOD To investigate whether ferroptosis is involved in HS-ALI. We established a HS model of mice and mouse lung epithelial-2 cells (MLE-2). The severity of lung injury was measured by H&E staining, the wet-to-dry lung weight ratio, and Transmission electron microscopy. Potential markers of ferroptosis Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and lipid peroxidation were detected. The percentages of cell death and viability induced by HS were assessed by LDH and CCK8 assays. SLC7A11, ACSL4, GPX4, SIRT1, p53, and p53 K382 acetylation levels were measured by Western blot. RESULTS The administration of ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1(Fer-1) could significantly ameliorate lung injury, inhibiting levels of MDA and 4-HNE, and ameliorating HS-induced increased ACSL4, decreased SLC7A11 and GPX4, suggesting ferroptosis was involved in HS-induced ALI in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, SIRT1 expression decreased, and p53 K382 acetylation levels increased in MLE-2 cells. Activation of SIRT1 could improve lung epithelial ferroptosis caused by HS in vivo ang in vitro. Besides, the activation of SIRT1 could significantly reduce the p53 K382 acetylation levels, suggesting that activation of SIRT1 could prevent ferroptosis via inhibiting p53 acetylation. CONCLUSION These findings substantiate the vital role of the SIRT1/p53 axis in mediating ferroptosis in HS-ALI, suggesting that targeting SIRT1 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to ameliorate ALI during HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ranghui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Ling
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weidang Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Huang W, Mao L, Xie W, Cai S, Huang Q, Liu Y, Chen Z. Impact of UCP2 depletion on heat stroke-induced mitochondrial function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2022; 39:287-296. [PMID: 35129048 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2032846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liangfeng Mao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weidang Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sumin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Tsai HY, Hsu YJ, Lu CY, Tsai MC, Hung WC, Chen PC, Wang JC, Hsu LA, Yeh YH, Chu P, Tsai SH. Pharmacological Activation Of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Protects Against Heatstroke-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740562. [PMID: 34764958 PMCID: PMC8576434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke (HS) can cause acute lung injury (ALI). Heat stress induces inflammation and apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endogenous reactive aldehydes. Endothelial dysfunction also plays a crucial role in HS-induced ALI. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that detoxifies aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts. A single point mutation in ALDH2 at E487K (ALDH2*2) intrinsically lowers the activity of ALDH2. Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, attenuates the formation of 4-HNE protein adducts and ROS in several disease models. We hypothesized that ALDH2 can protect against heat stress-induced vascular inflammation and the accumulation of ROS and toxic aldehydes. Homozygous ALDH2*2 knock-in (KI) mice on a C57BL/6J background and C57BL/6J mice were used for the animal experiments. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for the in vitro experiment. The mice were directly subjected to whole-body heating (WBH, 42°C) for 1 h at 80% relative humidity. Alda-1 (16 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally prior to WBH. The severity of ALI was assessed by analyzing the protein levels and cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the wet/dry ratio and histology. ALDH2*2 KI mice were susceptible to HS-induced ALI in vivo. Silencing ALDH2 induced 4-HNE and ROS accumulation in HUVECs subjected to heat stress. Alda-1 attenuated the heat stress-induced activation of inflammatory pathways, senescence and apoptosis in HUVECs. The lung homogenates of mice pretreated with Alda-1 exhibited significantly elevated ALDH2 activity and decreased ROS accumulation after WBH. Alda-1 significantly decreased the WBH-induced accumulation of 4-HNE and p65 and p38 activation. Here, we demonstrated the crucial roles of ALDH2 in protecting against heat stress-induced ROS production and vascular inflammation and preserving the viability of ECs. The activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 attenuates WBH-induced ALI in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Stroke, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yo Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chu Hung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pauling Chu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Stroke, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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