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Ivandic M, Cigrovski Berkovic M, Ormanac K, Sabo D, Omanovic Kolaric T, Kuna L, Mihaljevic V, Canecki Varzic S, Smolic M, Bilic-Curcic I. Management of Glycemia during Acute Aerobic and Resistance Training in Patients with Diabetes Type 1: A Croatian Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4966. [PMID: 36981876 PMCID: PMC10049388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The increased risk of developing hypoglycemia and worsening of glycemic stability during exercise is a major cause of concern for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). (2) Aim: This pilot study aimed to assess glycemic stability and hypoglycemic episodes during and after aerobic versus resistance exercises using a flash glucose monitoring system in patients with T1DM. (3) Participants and Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover prospective study including 14 adult patients with T1DM. Patients were randomized according to the type of exercise (aerobic vs. resistance) with a recovery period of three days between a change of groups. Glucose stability and hypoglycemic episodes were evaluated during and 24 h after the exercise. Growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and lactate levels were determined at rest, 0, 30, and 60 min post-exercise period. (4) Results: The median age of patients was 53 years, with a median HbA1c of 7.1% and a duration of diabetes of 30 years. During both training sessions, there was a drop in glucose levels immediately after the exercise (0'), followed by an increase at 30' and 60', although the difference was not statistically significant. However, glucose levels significantly decreased from 60' to 24 h in the post-exercise period (p = 0.001) for both types of exercise. Glycemic stability was comparable prior to and after exercise for both training sessions. No differences in the number of hypoglycemic episodes, duration of hypoglycemia, and average glucose level in 24 h post-exercise period were observed between groups. Time to hypoglycemia onset was prolonged after the resistance as opposed to aerobic training (13 vs. 8 h, p = NS). There were no nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes (between 0 and 6 a.m.) after the resistance compared to aerobic exercise (4 vs. 0, p = NS). GH and cortisol responses were similar between the two sessions, while lactate levels were significantly more increased after resistance training. (5) Conclusion: Both exercise regimes induced similar blood glucose responses during and immediately following acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marul Ivandic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Klara Ormanac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dea Sabo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tea Omanovic Kolaric
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lucija Kuna
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vjera Mihaljevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilic-Curcic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Sugiharto, Merawati D, Pranoto A, Susanto H. Physiological response of endurance exercise as a growth hormone mediator in adolescent women's. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:61-67. [PMID: 35499967 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2022-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overweight status decreases the growth hormone (GH) secretion, thus, increasing the risk factors for medical complications. However, proper exercise is reported to enhance GH and affect the energy balance. Therefore, exercise is proclaimed to be an accurate and engaging therapy to increase GH in preventing overweight. This study aims to investigate the physiological response of exercise in mediating the increase of GH secretion in female adolescents. METHODS 22 overweight women aged 19-20 years old, with maximal oxygen consumption of 27-35 mL/kg/min, were selected as sample size. They were divided into three groups, namely (CONT, n=7) Control, (MIEE, n=7) Moderate-intensity interval endurance exercise, and (MCEE, n=8) Moderate-intensity continuous endurance exercise. The exercise was carried out by running for 30-35 min using treadmills with an intensity of 60-70% HRmax. The blood sampling for GH examination was carried out four times before exercise, 10 min, 6 h, and 24 h after exercise. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the GH and IGF-1 levels. The data analysis was carried out using a one-way ANOVA test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The results of the one-Way ANOVA test suggested a significantly different average GH and IGF-1 before and after the exercise between the three groups (CON, MIEE, and MCEE) (p≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS MCEE increases the GH and IGF-1 levels more considerably than MIEE. Therefore, exercise is a mediator to increase GH and IGF-1 secretion in overweight individuals. Exercise could be a viable therapy for overweight people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugiharto
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Desiana Merawati
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Adi Pranoto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hendra Susanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
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Sars D. PE augmented mindfulness: A neurocognitive framework for research and future healthcare. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:899988. [PMID: 36082227 PMCID: PMC9446465 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.899988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various well-controlled studies have suggested that practitioners in mindfulness can be prone to patient drop-out (e.g., due to chronic stress, pathology, cognitive reactivity), despite researchers having identified the underlying mechanisms that link mindfulness to mental health. In this article, a framework for physical exercise (PE) augmented mindfulness is proposed, which posits that consistently practiced PE before meditation can support (early-stage) mindfulness. Neurocognitive research shows PE (aerobic exercises or yoga) and mindfulness to impact similar pathways of stress regulation that involve cognitive control and stress regulation, thereby supporting the proposed synergistic potential of PE augmented mindfulness. Research focused on the psychophysiological impact of PE, showed its practice to promote short-term neurocognitive changes that can promote both cognitive control and the attainment of mindful awareness (MA). In order to chart dose responses required for protocol development, further research will be presented. Together these findings are discussed in light of future research on this multidisciplinary topic, protocol development, mindful walking, and further application in healthcare and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sars
- Mettaminds.org, Mindfulness Based Projects, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Integral Rehabilitation (CIR), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: David Sars,
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Sabag A, Barr L, Armour M, Armstrong A, Baker CJ, Twigg SM, Chang D, Hackett DA, Keating SE, George J, Johnson NA. The Effect of High-intensity Interval Training vs Moderate-intensity Continuous Training on Liver Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:862-881. [PMID: 34724062 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver, is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Recent findings have shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can reduce liver fat but it is unclear whether this form of exercise is superior to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of HIIT vs MICT on liver fat in adults. A secondary aim was to investigate the interaction between total weekly exercise volume and exercise-related energy expenditure and change in liver fat. METHODS Relevant databases were searched up to December 2020 for randomized trials, comparing HIIT to control, MICT to control, or HIIT to MICT. Studies were excluded if they did not implement 2 or more weeks' intervention or assess liver fat using magnetic resonance-based techniques. Weighted mean differences and 95% CIs were calculated. Regression analyses were undertaken to determine the interaction between weekly exercise volume in minutes and kilocalories (kcal) with change in liver fat content. RESULTS Of the 28 268 studies screened, 19 were included involving 745 participants. HIIT and MICT both elicited moderate reductions in liver fat content when compared to control (HIIT: -2.85%, 95% CI, -4.86 to -0.84, P = .005, I2 = 0%, n = 114, low-certainty evidence; MICT: -3.14%, 95% CI, -4.45 to -1.82, P < .001, I2 = 5.2%, n = 533, moderate-certainty evidence). There was no difference between HIIT and MICT (-0.34%, 95% CI, -2.20 to 1.52, P = .721, I2 = 0%, n = 177, moderate-certainty evidence). Neither total exercise volume in minutes (β = .0002, SE = 0.0017, Z = 0.13, P = .89) nor exercise-related energy expenditure in kcal (β = .0003, SE = 0.0002, Z = 1.21, P = .23) were related to changes in liver fat content. CONCLUSION HIIT elicits comparable improvements in liver fat to MICT despite often requiring less energy and time commitment. Further studies should be undertaken to assess the relative importance of aerobic exercise prescription variables, such as intensity, on liver fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Sabag
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales 2560, Australia
| | - Loren Barr
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales 2560, Australia
| | - Mike Armour
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (MRINZ), Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Alex Armstrong
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Callum J Baker
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Daniel A Hackett
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Nathan A Johnson
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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