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Kämpf S, Fenk S, Van Cromvoirt A, Bogdanov N, Hartnack S, Stirn M, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Reichler IM, Bogdanova A. Differences in selected blood parameters between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1166032. [PMID: 37649563 PMCID: PMC10464621 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1166032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cranial and upper-airway anatomy of short-nosed, flat-faced brachycephalic dogs predisposes them to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Periodic apnoea increased inspiratory resistance, and an inability to thermoregulate effectively are characteristic of BOAS, but internationally accepted objective markers of BOAS severity are missing. The objective of this study was to compare the selected blood parameters between non-brachycephalic (NC) and brachycephalic (BC) dogs, exploring the possibility of developing a blood test for BOAS severity grading in the future. Methods We evaluated blood biochemistry, complete blood cell counts, red blood cell (RBC) indices, reticulocyte counts, a blood-born marker of intermittent hypoxia (glutathione, NO production), RBC hydration, deformability, and blood markers of metabolic changes and stress between BC (n = 18) and NC (meso- and dolichocephalic, n = 22) dogs. Results Reticulocyte counts and the abundance of middle-fluorescence immature reticulocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. BC dogs had significantly more NO-derived NO2 - /NO3 - in plasma than NC dogs. RBCs of BC dogs were shedding significantly more membrane, as follows from the intensity of eosin maleimide staining, and had a significantly higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration than NC dogs. Intracellular reduced glutathione content in RBCs of BC dogs was significantly lower, while plasma lactate was significantly higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lower, and cortisol was significantly higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Eosinophil counts were significantly lower and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Discussion Taken together, our findings suggest that the brachycephalic phenotype in dogs is associated with alterations at the level of blood cells and, systemically, with oxidation and metabolic changes. The parameters identified within this study should be further investigated for their potential as objective indicators for BOAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kämpf
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Fenk
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ankie Van Cromvoirt
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolay Bogdanov
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Stirn
- Clinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iris Margaret Reichler
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Pilgaard Kristiansen H, Winther-Larsen A. Influence of age and sex on osmoscan indies for next-generation osmotic gradient ektacytometry. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117532. [PMID: 37659465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Osmotic gradient ektacytometry is an important method for diagnosis of red blood cell membrane disorders. For interpretation of the osmoscan parameters on the ektacytomety, an age-matched control sample drawn at the same time is recommended for direct comparison. However, this can be challenging for laboratories to fulfil, especially when ektacytometry is performed in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of age and sex on the osmoscan parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from 231 subjects were analyses on a LoRRca MaxSIS. Data were investigated for need of partitioning by age and sex. After outlier detection, reference intervals (RIs) for osmoscan parameters were estimated. RESULTS For all parameters except EImin, lower values were observed in infants < 3 month (N = 50) than in all other age group. Hence, RIs were calculated separately for this age group. For EImin, a unified RI was calculated. No difference between sexes was observed for any of the parameters. CONCLUSION Lower RIs and a left shift in the osmoscan curves were observed in infants < 3 months compared with older subjects. Hence, age-matched controls are necessary when evaluating ektacytometry in newborns, but can be ignored in older children and adults. This will ease the laboratory workflow when performing ektacytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Winther-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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3
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Li W, Acker JP. CD71 + RBCs: A potential immune mediator in transfusion. Transfus Apher Sci 2023:103721. [PMID: 37173208 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Donor - recipient sex - mismatched transfusion is associated with increased mortality. The mechanisms for this are not clear, but it may relate to transfusion-related immunomodulation. Recently, CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs), including reticulocytes (CD71+ RBCs) and erythroblasts, have been identified as potent immunoregulatory cells. The proportion of CD71+ RBCs in the peripheral blood is sufficient to play a potential immunomodulatory role. Differences in the quantity of CD71+ RBCs are dependent on blood donor sex. The total number of CD71+ RBCs in red cell concentrates is also affected by blood manufacturing methods, and storage duration. As a component of the total CECs, CD71+ RBCs can affect innate and adaptive immune cells. Phagocytosed CECs directly reduce TNF-α production from macrophages. CECs can also suppress the production of TNF-α production from antigen presenting cells. Moreover, CECs can suppress T cell proliferation thorough immune mediation and / or direct cell-to-cell interactions. Different in their biophysical features compared to mature RBCs, blood donor CD71+ RBCs may be preferential targets for the macrophages. This report summarizes the currently literature supporting an important role for CD71+ RBCs in adverse transfusion reactions including immune mediation and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason P Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton.
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Jenni S, Ludwig-Peisker O, Jagannathan V, Lapsina S, Stirn M, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Bogdanov N, Schetle N, Giger U, Leeb T, Bogdanova A. Methemoglobinemia, Increased Deformability and Reduced Membrane Stability of Red Blood Cells in a Cat with a CYB5R3 Splice Defect. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070991. [PMID: 37048064 PMCID: PMC10093206 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Methemoglobinemia is an acquired or inherited condition resulting from oxidative stress or dysfunction of the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase or associated pathways. This study describes the clinical, pathophysiological, and molecular genetic features of a cat with hereditary methemoglobinemia. Whole genome sequencing and mRNA transcript analyses were performed in affected and control cats. Co-oximetry, ektacytometry, Ellman's assay for reduced glutathione concentrations, and CYB5R activity were assessed. A young adult European domestic shorthair cat decompensated at induction of anesthesia and was found to have persistent methemoglobinemia of 39 ± 8% (reference range < 3%) of total hemoglobin which could be reversed upon intravenous methylene blue injection. The erythrocytic CYB5R activity was 20 ± 6% of normal. Genetic analyses revealed a single homozygous base exchange at the beginning of intron 3 of the CYB5R3 gene, c.226+5G>A. Subsequent mRNA studies confirmed a splice defect and demonstrated expression of two mutant CYB5R3 transcripts. Erythrocytic glutathione levels were twice that of controls. Mild microcytosis, echinocytes, and multiple Ca2+-filled vesicles were found in the affected cat. Erythrocytes were unstable at high osmolarities although highly deformable as follows from the changes in elongation index and maximal-tolerated osmolarity. Clinicopathological presentation of this cat was similar to other cats with CYB5R3 deficiency. We found that methemoglobinemia is associated with an increase in red blood cell fragility and deformability, glutathione overload, and morphological alterations typical for stress erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Jenni
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Odette Ludwig-Peisker
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Lapsina
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Stirn
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolay Bogdanov
- Red Blood Cell Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology and the Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nelli Schetle
- Red Blood Cell Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology and the Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Giger
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology and the Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Alshalani A, Beuger BM, Tuip-de Boer AM, van Bruggen R, Acker JP, Juffermans NP. The impact of biological age of red blood cell on in vitro endothelial activation markers. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1127103. [PMID: 36969576 PMCID: PMC10030615 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1127103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Blood donor characteristics influence red blood cell transfusion outcomes. As donor sex affects the distribution of young to old RBCs in the circulation, we hypothesized that the amount of circulating young RBCs in the blood product are associated with immune suppression.Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers and density fractionated into young and old subpopulations. In an activated endothelial cell model, RBC adhesion to endothelium and secretion of endothelial activation markers were assessed. The impact of RBC biological age was also assessed in a T cell proliferation assay and in a whole blood stimulation assay.Results: After Percoll fractionation, young RBCs contained more reticulocytes compared to old RBCs. Young RBCs associated with lower levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and vWF from activated endothelial cells compared to old RBCs. RBC subpopulations did not affect T cell proliferation or cytokine responses following whole blood stimulation.Conclusion: Young RBCs contain more reticulocytes which are associated with lower levels of endothelial activation markers compared to old RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alshalani
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Abdulrahman Alshalani,
| | - Boukje M. Beuger
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anita M. Tuip-de Boer
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jason P. Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole P. Juffermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Li W, William N, Acker JP. Donor sex, pre-donation hemoglobin, and manufacturing affect CD71 + cells in red cell concentrates. Transfusion 2023; 63:601-609. [PMID: 36655728 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating CD71+ red blood cells (RBCs) have been reported to play an immunomodulatory role in vivo, which may contribute to adverse donor-recipient sex-mismatched transfusion outcomes. However, it is not clear how CD71+ RBC quantity in red cell concentrates (RCCs) is affected by manufacturing methods and donor factors such as donor sex, donor age, pre-donation hemoglobin (Hb), venous Hb (Hbv ) levels, and donation frequency. METHODS We determined CD71+ RBCs and Hb levels in whole blood (WB) from healthy donors (42 male/38 female). Using small-scale red cell filtration (RCF) and whole blood filtration (WBF) methods, leukoreduced RCCs were processed from WB samples (n = 6) and the CD71+ RBCs were determined at days 1, 7, and 28. We examined uni- and multivariate associations among CD71+ RBCs, donor factors, and manufacturing method. RESULTS Male donors had a higher CD71+ RBC concentration than females (p < .001), especially male donors aged 17-50 years with 1 or 2 WB donations over the previous 12 months. Donors with a Hbv above 155 g/L had a higher CD71+ RBC concentration than an Hbv level below 140 g/L (p < .05). There was a positive correlation between pre-donation Hb and CD71+ RBC concentration (Pearson r = 0.41). WBF RCCs had a higher total number of CD71+ RBCs than RCF-produced RCCs on day 1 (p < .05). DISCUSSION RCCs have variable numbers of CD71+ RBCs. This makes understanding the impact of donor factors and manufacturing methods on the immunomodulatory effect of CD71+ RBCs critical in exploring donor-recipient sex-mismatched transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nishaka William
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason P Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Canada
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7
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Fenk S, Melnikova EV, Anashkina AA, Poluektov YM, Zaripov PI, Mitkevich VA, Tkachev YV, Kaestner L, Minetti G, Mairbäurl H, Goede JS, Makarov AA, Petrushanko IY, Bogdanova A. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-dependent glutathione buffer adapting the intracellular reduced glutathione levels to oxygen availability. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102535. [PMID: 36413919 PMCID: PMC9679038 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast changes in environmental oxygen availability translate into shifts in mitochondrial free radical production. An increase in intraerythrocytic reduced glutathione (GSH) during deoxygenation would support the detoxification of exogenous oxidants released into the circulation from hypoxic peripheral tissues. Although reported, the mechanism behind this acute oxygen-dependent regulation of GSH in red blood cells remains unknown. This study explores the role of hemoglobin (Hb) in the oxygen-dependent modulation of GSH levels in red blood cells. We have demonstrated that a decrease in Hb O2 saturation to 50% or less observed in healthy humans while at high altitude, or in red blood cell suspensions results in rising of the intraerythrocytic GSH level that is proportional to the reduction in Hb O2 saturation. This effect was not caused by the stimulation of GSH de novo synthesis or its release during deglutathionylation of Hb's cysteines. Using isothermal titration calorimetry and in silico modeling, we observed the non-covalent binding of four molecules of GSH to oxy-Hb and the release of two of them upon deoxygenation. Localization of the GSH binding sites within the Hb molecule was identified. Oxygen-dependent binding of GSH to oxy-Hb and its release upon deoxygenation occurred reciprocally to the binding and release of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Furthermore, noncovalent binding of GSH to Hb moderately increased Hb oxygen affinity. Taken together, our findings have identified an adaptive mechanism by which red blood cells may provide an advanced antioxidant defense to respond to oxidative challenges immediately upon deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fenk
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, and Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elizaveta V Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A Anashkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri M Poluektov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel I Zaripov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yaroslav V Tkachev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences and Experimental Physics, Dynamics of Fluids Group, Saarland University, Saarland and Homburg, Germany
| | - Giampaolo Minetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L Spallanzani", Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Medical Clinic VII, Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Goede
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Switzerland
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Yu Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, and Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Switzerland.
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8
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Grau M, Zollmann E, Bros J, Seeger B, Dietz T, Noriega Ureña JA, Grolle A, Zacher J, Notbohm HL, Suck G, Bloch W, Schumann M. Autologous Blood Doping Induced Changes in Red Blood Cell Rheologic Parameters, RBC Age Distribution, and Performance. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050647. [PMID: 35625375 PMCID: PMC9137932 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Autologous blood doping (ABD) refers to the artificial increase in circulating red blood cell (RBC) mass by sampling, storage, and transfusion of one’s own blood. It is assumed that some athletes apply this prohibited technique to improve oxygen transport capacity and thus exercise performance. The primary aim of this study was to test whether RBC rheological and associated parameters significantly change due to ABD with the consideration of whether this type of measurement might be suitable for detecting ABD. Further, it was assessed whether those changes are translated into indices of endurance performance. Eight males underwent an ABD protocol combined with several blood parameter measurements and two exercise tests (pre and post transfusion). Results of this investigation suggest a change in the distribution of age-related RBC sub-populations and altered deformability of total RBC as well as of the respective sub-populations. Further, the identified changes in RBC also appear to improve sports performance. In conclusion, these data demonstrate significant changes in hematological and hemorheological parameters, which could be of interest in the context of new methods for ABD detection. However, additional research is needed with larger and more diverse study groups to widen the knowledge gained by this study. Abstract Autologous blood doping (ABD) refers to the transfusion of one’s own blood after it has been stored. Although its application is prohibited in sports, it is assumed that ABD is applied by a variety of athletes because of its benefits on exercise performance and the fact that it is not detectable so far. Therefore, this study aims at identifying changes in hematological and hemorheological parameters during the whole course of ABD procedure and to relate those changes to exercise performance. Eight healthy men conducted a 31-week ABD protocol including two blood donations and the transfusion of their own stored RBC volume corresponding to 7.7% of total blood volume. Longitudinal blood and rheological parameter measurements and analyses of RBC membrane proteins and electrolyte levels were performed. Thereby, responses of RBC sub-populations—young to old RBC—were detected. Finally, exercise tests were carried out before and after transfusion. Results indicate a higher percentage of young RBC, altered RBC deformability and electrolyte concentration due to ABD. In contrast, RBC membrane proteins remained unaffected. Running economy improved after blood transfusion. Thus, close analysis of RBC variables related to ABD detection seems feasible but should be verified in further more-detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Grau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (B.S.); (T.D.); (H.L.N.); (W.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emily Zollmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (B.S.); (T.D.); (H.L.N.); (W.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Janina Bros
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (B.S.); (T.D.); (H.L.N.); (W.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Benedikt Seeger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (B.S.); (T.D.); (H.L.N.); (W.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Thomas Dietz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (B.S.); (T.D.); (H.L.N.); (W.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Javier Antonio Noriega Ureña
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service West, Center for Transfusion Medicine Hagen, Feithstraße 184, 58097 Hagen, Germany; (J.A.N.U.); (A.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Andreas Grolle
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service West, Center for Transfusion Medicine Hagen, Feithstraße 184, 58097 Hagen, Germany; (J.A.N.U.); (A.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Jonas Zacher
- Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports and Performance Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Hannah L. Notbohm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (B.S.); (T.D.); (H.L.N.); (W.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Garnet Suck
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service West, Center for Transfusion Medicine Hagen, Feithstraße 184, 58097 Hagen, Germany; (J.A.N.U.); (A.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (B.S.); (T.D.); (H.L.N.); (W.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Moritz Schumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (E.Z.); (J.B.); (B.S.); (T.D.); (H.L.N.); (W.B.); (M.S.)
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9
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Guizouarn H, Barshtein G. Editorial: Red Blood Cell Vascular Adhesion and Deformability, Volume II. Front Physiol 2022; 13:849608. [PMID: 35250645 PMCID: PMC8896436 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.849608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Guizouarn
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Gregory Barshtein
- Biochemical Department, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Gregory Barshtein
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10
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Barshtein G, Pajic-Lijakovic I, Gural A. Deformability of Stored Red Blood Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:722896. [PMID: 34690797 PMCID: PMC8530101 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.722896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) deformability refers to the cells’ ability to adapt their shape to the dynamically changing flow conditions so as to minimize their resistance to flow. The high red cell deformability enables it to pass through small blood vessels and significantly determines erythrocyte survival. Under normal physiological states, the RBCs are attuned to allow for adequate blood flow. However, rigid erythrocytes can disrupt the perfusion of peripheral tissues and directly block microvessels. Therefore, RBC deformability has been recognized as a sensitive indicator of RBC functionality. The loss of deformability, which a change in the cell shape can cause, modification of cell membrane or a shift in cytosol composition, can occur due to various pathological conditions or as a part of normal RBC aging (in vitro or in vivo). However, despite extensive research, we still do not fully understand the processes leading to increased cell rigidity under cold storage conditions in a blood bank (in vitro aging), In the present review, we discuss publications that examined the effect of RBCs’ cold storage on their deformability and the biological mechanisms governing this change. We first discuss the change in the deformability of cells during their cold storage. After that, we consider storage-related alterations in RBCs features, which can lead to impaired cell deformation. Finally, we attempt to trace a causal relationship between the observed phenomena and offer recommendations for improving the functionality of stored cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Barshtein
- Biochemistry Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Alexander Gural
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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