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Tara A, Singh P, Gautam D, Tripathi G, Uppal C, Malhotra S, De S, Singh MK, Telugu BP, Selokar NL. CRISPR-mediated editing of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene in buffalo. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14822. [PMID: 38937564 PMCID: PMC11211398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is a good source of nutrition but is also a source of allergenic proteins such as α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), casein, and immunoglobulins. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas technology has the potential to edit any gene, including milk allergens. Previously, CRISPR/Cas has been successfully employed in dairy cows and goats, but buffaloes remain unexplored for any milk trait. In this study, we utilized the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the major milk allergen BLG gene in buffaloes. First, the editing efficiency of designed sgRNAs was tested in fibroblast cells using the T7E assay and Sanger sequencing. The most effective sgRNA was selected to generate clonal lines of BLG-edited cells. Analysis of 15 single-cell clones, through TA cloning and Sanger sequencing, revealed that 7 clones exhibited bi-allelic (-/-) heterozygous, bi-allelic (-/-) homozygous, and mono-allelic (-/+) disruptions in BLG. Bioinformatics prediction analysis confirmed that non-multiple-of-3 edited nucleotide cell clones have frame shifts and early truncation of BLG protein, while multiple-of-3 edited nucleotides resulted in slightly disoriented protein structures. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) method was used to produce blastocyst-stage embryos that have similar developmental rates and quality with wild-type embryos. This study demonstrated the successful bi-allelic editing (-/-) of BLG in buffalo cells through CRISPR/Cas, followed by the production of BLG-edited blastocyst stage embryos using SCNT. With CRISPR and SCNT methods described herein, our long-term goal is to generate gene-edited buffaloes with BLG-free milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Tara
- Animal Biotechnology Division (ABTD), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Division (ABTD), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Devika Gautam
- Animal Biotechnology Division (ABTD), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Gaurav Tripathi
- Animal Biotechnology Division (ABTD), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Chirag Uppal
- Animal Biotechnology Division (ABTD), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Shreya Malhotra
- Animal Biotechnology Division (ABTD), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Sacchinandan De
- Animal Biotechnology Division (ABTD), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Manoj K Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Division (ABTD), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Bhanu P Telugu
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Naresh L Selokar
- Animal Biotechnology Division (ABTD), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
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Wang L, Liu H, Feng Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang Y. Decoding the immune landscape: a comprehensive analysis of immune-associated biomarkers in cervical carcinoma and their implications for immunotherapy strategies. Front Genet 2024; 15:1340569. [PMID: 38933923 PMCID: PMC11199791 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1340569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Cervical cancer, a prevalent gynecological malignant tumor, poses a significant threat to women's health and lives. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has emerged as a promising avenue for treating cervical cancer. For patients with persistent or recurrent metastatic cervical cancer, If the sequence of dead receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) is positive, ICI show significant clinical efficacy. PD-L1 expression serves as a valuable biomarker for assessing ICI therapeutic efficacy. However, the complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), encompassing immune cell composition and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) status, also exerts a profound influence on tumor immunity and prognosis. Given the remarkable strides made by ICI treatments in improving the survival rates of cervical cancer patients, it becomes essential to identify a comprehensive biomarker that integrates various TIME aspects to enhance the effectiveness of ICI treatment. Therefore, the quest for biomarkers linked to multiple facets of TIME in cervical cancer is a vital pursuit. Methods In this study, we have developed an Immune-Associated Gene Prognostic Index (IRGPI) with remarkable prognostic value specifically for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC). The Cancer Genome Atlas CESC dataset (n = 305) was meticulously analyzed to pinpoint key immune-related genes via weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential gene expression assays. Subsequently, we employed Cox regression analysis to construct the IRGPI. Furthermore, the composition of immune cells and TIL status were examined using CIBERSORT and TIDE. Tumor expression of Epigen, LCN10, and P73 were determined with immunohistochemistry. Results The resulting IRGPI, composed of EPGN, LCN10, and TP73 genes, displayed a strong negative correlation with patient survival. The discovery was validated with a patient cohort from our hospital. The IRGPI not only predicts the composition of immune cell subtypes such as Macrophages M1, NK cells, Mast cells, Plasma cells, Neutrophils, Dendritic cells, T cells CD8, and T cells CD4 within CESC, but also indicates TIL exclusion, dysfunction, and PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. Therefore, the IRGPI emerges as a promising biomarker not only for prognostic assessment but also for characterizing multiple immune features in CESC. Additionally, our results underscored the significant associations between the IRGPI and immune cell composition, TIL exclusion, and dysfunction, along with PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in the TIME. Conclusion Consequently, the IRGPI stands out as a biomarker intimately connected to both the survival and TIME status of CESC patients, offering potential insights into immunotherapy strategies for CESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Huatian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Li
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yunyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Structure, Functions, and Implications of Selected Lipocalins in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4290. [PMID: 38673873 PMCID: PMC11050150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipocalin proteins are a large family of small extracellular proteins that demonstrate significant heterogeneity in sequence similarity and have highly conserved crystal structures. They have a variety of functions, including acting as carrier proteins, transporting retinol, participating in olfaction, and synthesizing prostaglandins. Importantly, they also play a critical role in human diseases, including cancer. Additionally, they are involved in regulating cellular homeostasis and immune response and dispensing various compounds. This comprehensive review provides information on the lipocalin family, including their structure, functions, and implications in various diseases. It focuses on selective important human lipocalin proteins, such as lipocalin 2 (LCN2), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), and α1-microglobulin (A1M).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
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Richtmann S, Marwitz S, Muley T, Koistinen H, Christopoulos P, Thomas M, Kazdal D, Allgäuer M, Winter H, Goldmann T, Meister M, Klingmüller U, Schneider MA. The pregnancy-associated protein glycodelin as a potential sex-specific target for resistance to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Res 2024; 272:177-189. [PMID: 38490536 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer has been shown to be targetable by novel immunotherapies which reactivate the immune system and enable tumor cell killing. However, treatment failure and resistance to these therapies is common. Consideration of sex as a factor influencing therapy resistance is still rare. We hypothesize that the success of the treatment is impaired by the presence of the immunosuppressive pregnancy-associated glycoprotein glycodelin that is expressed in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We demonstrate that the glycan pattern of NSCLC-derived glycodelin detected by a lectin-based enrichment assay highly resembles amniotic fluid-derived glycodelin A, which is known to have immunosuppressive properties. NSCLC-derived glycodelin interacts with immune cells in vitro and regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammatory and tumor microenvironment pathways. In tumor microarray samples of patients, high glycodelin staining in tumor areas results in an impaired overall survival of female patients. Moreover, glycodelin colocalizes to tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages. High serum concentrations of glycodelin prior to immunotherapy are associated with a poor progression-free survival (p < 0.001) of female patients receiving PD-(L)1 inhibitors. In summary, our findings suggest that glycodelin not only is a promising immunological biomarker for early identification of female patients that do not benefit from the costly immunotherapy, but also represents a promising immunotherapeutic target in NSCLC to improve therapeutic options in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Richtmann
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marwitz
- Histology, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Allgäuer
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Histology, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yang HH, Wang X, Li S, Liu Y, Akbar R, Fan GC. Lipocalin family proteins and their diverse roles in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108385. [PMID: 36966973 PMCID: PMC10079643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The lipocalin (LCN) family members, a group of small extracellular proteins with 160-180 amino acids in length, can be detected in all kingdoms of life from bacteria to human beings. They are characterized by low similarity of amino acid sequence but highly conserved tertiary structures with an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel which forms a cup-shaped ligand binding pocket. In addition to bind small hydrophobic ligands (i.e., fatty acids, odorants, retinoids, and steroids) and transport them to specific cells, lipocalins (LCNs) can interact with specific cell membrane receptors to activate their downstream signaling pathways, and with soluble macromolecules to form the complex. Consequently, LCNs exhibit great functional diversity. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that LCN family proteins exert multiple layers of function in the regulation of many physiological processes and human diseases (i.e., cancers, immune disorders, metabolic disease, neurological/psychiatric disorders, and cardiovascular disease). In this review, we firstly introduce the structural and sequence properties of LCNs. Next, six LCNs including apolipoprotein D (ApoD), ApoM, lipocalin 2 (LCN2), LCN10, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) which have been characterized so far are highlighted for their diagnostic/prognostic values and their potential effects on coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction injury. The roles of these 6 LCNs in cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetes-induced cardiac disorder, and septic cardiomyopathy are also summarized. Finally, their therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disease is discussed in each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Siru Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rubab Akbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Data K, Marcinkowska K, Buś K, Valihrach L, Pawlak E, Śmieszek A. β-Lactoglobulin affects the oxidative status and viability of equine endometrial progenitor cells via lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA regulatory associations. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:927-938. [PMID: 36860157 PMCID: PMC10064025 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) was previously characterized as a mild antioxidant modulating cell viability. However, its biological action regarding endometrial stromal cell cytophysiology and function has never been considered. In this study, we investigated the influence of β-LG on the cellular status of equine endometrial progenitor cells under oxidative stress. The study showed that β-LG decreased the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species, simultaneously ameliorating cell viability and exerting an anti-apoptotic effect. However, at the transcriptional level, the reduced mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic factors (i.e. BAX and BAD) was accompanied by decreased expression of mRNA for anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and genes coding antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD-1, GPx). Still, we have also noted the positive effect of β-LG on the expression profile of transcripts involved in endometrial viability and receptivity, including ITGB1, ENPP3, TUNAR and miR-19b-3p. Finally, the expression of master factors of endometrial decidualization, namely prolactin and IGFBP1, was increased in response to β-LG, while non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), that is lncRNA MALAT1 and miR-200b-3p, were upregulated. Our findings indicate a novel potential role of β-LG as a molecule regulating endometrial tissue functionality, promoting viability and normalizing the oxidative status of endometrial progenitor cells. The possible mechanism of β-LG action includes the activation of ncRNAs essential for tissue regeneration, such as lncRNA MALAT-1/TUNAR and miR-19b-3p/miR-200b-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Data
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Marcinkowska
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Buś
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, Biocev, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Edyta Pawlak
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śmieszek
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Fliniaux I, Marchand G, Molinaro C, Decloquement M, Martoriati A, Marin M, Bodart JF, Harduin-Lepers A, Cailliau K. Diversity of sialic acids and sialoglycoproteins in gametes and at fertilization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982931. [PMID: 36340022 PMCID: PMC9630641 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of 9-carbon monosaccharides with particular physicochemical properties. They modulate the biological functions of the molecules that carry them and are involved in several steps of the reproductive process. Sialoglycoproteins participate in the balance between species recognition and specificity, and the mechanisms of these aspects remain an issue in gametes formation and binding in metazoan reproduction. Sialoglycoproteins form a specific coat at the gametes surface and specific polysialylated chains are present on marine species oocytes. Spermatozoa are submitted to critical sialic acid changes in the female reproductive tract facilitating their migration, their survival through the modulation of the female innate immune response, and the final oocyte-binding event. To decipher the role of sialic acids in gametes and at fertilization, the dynamical changes of enzymes involved in their synthesis and removal have to be further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
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Luo N, Fu M, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhu W, Yang F, Chen Z, Mei Q, Peng X, Shen L, Zhang Y, Li Q, Hu G. Prognostic Role of M6A-Associated Immune Genes and Cluster-Related Tumor Microenvironment Analysis: A Multi-Omics Practice in Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:935135. [PMID: 35859893 PMCID: PMC9291731 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.935135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methylandrostenedione (m6A) methylation plays a very important role in the development of malignant tumors. The immune system is the key point in the progression of tumors, particularly in terms of tumor treatment and drug resistance. Tumor immunotherapy has now become a hot spot and a new approach for tumor treatment. However, as far as the stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is concerned, the in-depth research is still a gap in the m6A-associated immune markers. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases is extremely important for our research, where we obtained gene mutation, gene expression data and relevant clinical information of STAD patients. Firstly, the samples from GEO were used as external validation groups, while the TCGA samples were divided into a training group and an internal validation group randomly. Using the way of Single factor COX-LASSO- and multi-factor Cox to construct the prognostic model. Then, all samples were subjected to cluster analysis to generate high and low expression groups of immune gene. Meanwhile, we also collected the correlation between these types and tumor microenvironment. On this basis, a web version of the dynamic nomogram APP was developed. In addition, we performed microenvironmental correlation, copy number variation and mutation analyses for model genes. The prognostic model for STAD developed here demonstrated a very strong predictive ability. The results of cluster analysis manifested that the immune gene low expression group had lower survival rate and higher degree of immune infiltration. Therefore, the immune gene low expression group was associated with lower survival rates and a higher degree of immune infiltration. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that the potential mechanism might be related to the activation of immunosuppressive functions and multiple signaling pathways. Correspondingly, the web version of the dynamic nomogram APP produced by the DynNom package has successfully achieved rapid and accurate calculation of patient survival rates. Finally, the multi-omics analysis of model genes further enriched the research content. Interference of RAB19 was confirmed to facilitate migration of STAD cells in vitro, while its overexpression inhibited these features. The prognostic model for STAD constructed in this study is accurate and efficient based on multi-omics analysis and experimental validation. Additionally, the results of the correlation analysis between the tumor microenvironment and m6Ascore are the basics of further exploration of the pathophysiological mechanism in STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Zhang, ; Qianxia Li, ; Guangyuan Hu,
| | - Qianxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Zhang, ; Qianxia Li, ; Guangyuan Hu,
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Zhang, ; Qianxia Li, ; Guangyuan Hu,
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