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O'Bryan SM, Lavin KM, Graham ZA, Drummer DJ, Tuggle SC, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Reiman R, Alsop E, Kadakia MP, Craig MP, Zhang J, Bamman MM. Muscle-derived microRNAs correlated with thigh lean mass gains during progressive resistance training in older adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:262-273. [PMID: 38932684 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00680.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) remains the most effective treatment for age-related declines in muscle mass. However, many older adults experience attenuated muscle hypertrophy in response to RT when compared with younger adults. This may be attributed to underlying molecular processes that are dysregulated by aging and exacerbated by improperly prescribed RT weekly volume, intensity, and/or frequency doses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenetic regulators that impact signaling pathways and protein expression within cells, are dynamic and responsive to exercise stimuli, and are often dysregulated in diseases. In this study, we used untargeted miRNA-seq to examine miRNA in skeletal muscle and serum-derived exosomes of older adults (n = 18, 11 M/7 F, 66 ± 1 yr) who underwent three times per wk RT for 30 wk [e.g., high intensity three times/wk (HHH, n = 9) or alternating high-low-high (HLH) intensity (n = 9)], after a standardized 4-wk washin. Within each tissue, miRNAs were clustered into modules based on pairwise correlation using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Modules were tested for association with the magnitude of RT-induced thigh lean mass (TLM) change [as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)]. Although no modules were unique to training dose, we identified miRNA modules in skeletal muscle associated with TLM gains irrespective of exercise dose. Using miRNA-target interactions, we analyzed key miRNAs in significant modules for their potential regulatory involvement in biological pathways. Findings point toward potential miRNAs that may be informative biomarkers and could also be evaluated as potential therapeutic targets as an adjuvant to RT to maximize skeletal muscle mass accrual in older adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this work, we identified a set of microRNAs correlated with thigh lean mass gains in a group of older adults. To our knowledge, this is the first time these microRNAs have been identified as novel predictive biomarkers correlating with lean mass gains in aging adults. As biomarkers, these may help interventionalists identify older individuals that are positively responding to an exercise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia M O'Bryan
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Kaleen M Lavin
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance Research, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
| | - Zachary A Graham
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance Research, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
| | - Devin J Drummer
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - S Craig Tuggle
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance Research, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Reiman
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Eric Alsop
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Madhavi P Kadakia
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Michael P Craig
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance Research, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
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2
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Liu C, Liu G, Zuo X, Qu D, Sun Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Li J, Cai L. MiR-18a affects hypoxia induced glucose metabolism transition in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line through the Hif1a gene. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:204. [PMID: 38879468 PMCID: PMC11179257 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia can cause a variety of diseases, including ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Within a certain range of partial pressure of oxygen, cells can respond to changes in oxygen. Changes in oxygen concentration beyond a threshold will cause damage or even necrosis of tissues and organs, especially for the central nervous system. Therefore, it is very important to find appropriate measures to alleviate damage. MiRNAs can participate in the regulation of hypoxic responses in various types of cells. MiRNAs are involved in regulating hypoxic responses in many types of tissues by activating the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) to affect angiogenesis, glycolysis and other biological processes. By analyzing differentially expressed miRNAs in hypoxia and hypoxia-related studies, as well as the HT22 neuronal cell line under hypoxic stress, we found that the expression of miR-18a was changed in these models. MiR-18a could regulate glucose metabolism in HT22 cells under hypoxic stress by directly regulating the 3'UTR of the Hif1a gene. As a small molecule, miRNAs are easy to be designed into small nucleic acid drugs, so this study can provide a theoretical basis for the research and treatment of nervous system diseases caused by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Gehui Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Xinyang Zuo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Donghui Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Yefeng Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Linan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Lu Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China.
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Functional Genome Bioinformatics, Baotou, 014010, China.
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Laird M, Ku JC, Raiten J, Sriram S, Moore M, Li Y. Mitochondrial metabolism regulation and epigenetics in hypoxia. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1393232. [PMID: 38915781 PMCID: PMC11194441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1393232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex and dynamic interaction between cellular energy control and gene expression modulation is shown by the intersection between mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics in hypoxic environments. Poor oxygen delivery to tissues, or hypoxia, is a basic physiological stressor that sets off a series of reactions in cells to adapt and endure oxygen-starved environments. Often called the "powerhouse of the cell," mitochondria are essential to cellular metabolism, especially regarding producing energy through oxidative phosphorylation. The cellular response to hypoxia entails a change in mitochondrial metabolism to improve survival, including epigenetic modifications that control gene expression without altering the underlying genome. By altering the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, cell survival, and metabolism, these epigenetic modifications help cells adapt to hypoxia. The sophisticated interplay between mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics in hypoxia is highlighted by several important points, which have been summarized in the current article. Deciphering the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics during hypoxia is essential to understanding the molecular processes that regulate cellular adaptation to reduced oxygen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Laird
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Ku
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jacob Raiten
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Sashwat Sriram
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Megan Moore
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Endo Y, Zhu C, Giunta E, Guo C, Koh DJ, Sinha I. The Role of Hypoxia and Hypoxia Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Physiology. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2200300. [PMID: 37817370 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and hypoxia signaling play an integral role in regulating skeletal muscle physiology. Environmental hypoxia and tissue hypoxia in muscles cue for their appropriate physiological response and adaptation, and cause an array of cellular and metabolic changes. In addition, muscle stem cells (satellite cells), exist in a hypoxic state, and this intrinsic hypoxic state correlates with their quiescence and stemness. The mechanisms of hypoxia-mediated regulation of satellite cells and myogenesis are yet to be characterized, and their seemingly contradicting effects reported leave their exact roles somewhat perplexing. This review summarizes the recent findings on the effect of hypoxia and hypoxia signaling on the key aspects of muscle physiology, namely, stem cell maintenance and myogenesis with a particular attention given to distinguish the intrinsic versus local hypoxia in an attempt to better understand their respective regulatory roles and how their relationship affects the overall response. This review further describes their mechanistic links and their possible implications on the relevant pathologies and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christina Zhu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Elena Giunta
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Cynthia Guo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Daniel J Koh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Nguyen TH, Paprzycki L, Legrand A, Declèves AE, Heher P, Limpens M, Belayew A, Banerji CRS, Zammit PS, Tassin A. Hypoxia enhances human myoblast differentiation: involvement of HIF1α and impact of DUX4, the FSHD causal gene. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:21. [PMID: 38104132 PMCID: PMC10724930 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is known to modify skeletal muscle biological functions and muscle regeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of hypoxia on human myoblast differentiation remain unclear. The hypoxic response pathway is of particular interest in patients with hereditary muscular dystrophies since many present respiratory impairment and muscle regeneration defects. For example, an altered hypoxia response characterizes the muscles of patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). METHODS We examined the impact of hypoxia on the differentiation of human immortalized myoblasts (LHCN-M2) cultured in normoxia (PO2: 21%) or hypoxia (PO2: 1%). Cells were grown in proliferation (myoblasts) or differentiation medium for 2 (myocytes) or 4 days (myotubes). We evaluated proliferation rate by EdU incorporation, used myogenin-positive nuclei as a differentiation marker for myocytes, and determined the fusion index and myosin heavy chain-positive area in myotubes. The contribution of HIF1α was studied by gain (CoCl2) and loss (siRNAs) of function experiments. We further examined hypoxia in LHCN-M2-iDUX4 myoblasts with inducible expression of DUX4, the transcription factor underlying FSHD pathology. RESULTS We found that the hypoxic response did not impact myoblast proliferation but activated precocious myogenic differentiation and that HIF1α was critical for this process. Hypoxia also enhanced the late differentiation of human myocytes, but in an HIF1α-independent manner. Interestingly, the impact of hypoxia on muscle cell proliferation was influenced by dexamethasone. In the FSHD pathological context, DUX4 suppressed HIF1α-mediated precocious muscle differentiation. CONCLUSION Hypoxia stimulates myogenic differentiation in healthy myoblasts, with HIF1α-dependent early steps. In FSHD, DUX4-HIF1α interplay indicates a novel mechanism by which DUX4 could interfere with HIF1α function in the myogenic program and therefore with FSHD muscle performance and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Hang Nguyen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Lise Paprzycki
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Philipp Heher
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maelle Limpens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Belayew
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Christopher R S Banerji
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, UK
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alexandra Tassin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium.
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Chellini F, Tani A, Parigi M, Palmieri F, Garella R, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Squecco R, Sassoli C. HIF-1α/MMP-9 Axis Is Required in the Early Phases of Skeletal Myoblast Differentiation under Normoxia Condition In Vitro. Cells 2023; 12:2851. [PMID: 38132171 PMCID: PMC10742321 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α represents an oxygen-sensitive subunit of HIF transcriptional factor, which is usually degraded in normoxia and stabilized in hypoxia to regulate several target gene expressions. Nevertheless, in the skeletal muscle satellite stem cells (SCs), an oxygen level-independent regulation of HIF-1α has been observed. Although HIF-1α has been highlighted as a SC function regulator, its spatio-temporal expression and role during myogenic progression remain controversial. Herein, using biomolecular, biochemical, morphological and electrophysiological analyses, we analyzed HIF-1α expression, localization and role in differentiating murine C2C12 myoblasts and SCs under normoxia. In addition, we evaluated the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 as an HIF-1α effector, considering that MMP-9 is involved in myogenesis and is an HIF-1α target in different cell types. HIF-1α expression increased after 24/48 h of differentiating culture and tended to decline after 72 h/5 days. Committed and proliferating mononuclear myoblasts exhibited nuclear HIF-1α expression. Differently, the more differentiated elongated and parallel-aligned cells, which are likely ready to fuse with each other, show a mainly cytoplasmic localization of the factor. Multinucleated myotubes displayed both nuclear and cytoplasmic HIF-1α expression. The MMP-9 and MyoD (myogenic activation marker) expression synchronized with that of HIF-1α, increasing after 24 h of differentiation. By means of silencing HIF-1α and MMP-9 by short-interfering RNA and MMP-9 pharmacological inhibition, this study unraveled MMP-9's role as an HIF-1α downstream effector and the fact that the HIF-1α/MMP-9 axis is essential in morpho-functional cell myogenic commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Martina Parigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Francesco Palmieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
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Song J, Duivenvoorde LPM, Grefte S, Kuda O, Martínez-Ramírez F, van der Stelt I, Mastorakou D, van Schothorst EM, Keijer J. Normobaric hypoxia shows enhanced FOXO1 signaling in obese mouse gastrocnemius muscle linked to metabolism and muscle structure and neuromuscular innervation. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1265-1281. [PMID: 37656229 PMCID: PMC10567817 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle relies on mitochondria for sustainable ATP production, which may be impacted by reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia). Compared with long-term hypoxia, the mechanistic in vivo response to acute hypoxia remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to provide an integrated description of the Musculus gastrocnemius response to acute hypoxia. Fasted male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice, fed a 40en% fat diet for six weeks, were exposed to 12% O2 normobaric hypoxia or normoxia (20.9% O2) for six hours (n = 12 per group). Whole-body energy metabolism and the transcriptome response of the M. gastrocnemius were analyzed and confirmed by acylcarnitine determination and Q-PCR. At the whole-body level, six hours of hypoxia reduced energy expenditure, increased blood glucose and tended to decreased the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of forkhead box-O (FOXO) signalling, including an increased expression of tribbles pseudokinase 3 (Trib3). Trib3 positively correlated with blood glucose levels. Upregulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A negatively correlated with the RER, but the significantly increased in tissue C14-1, C16-0 and C18-1 acylcarnitines supported that β-oxidation was not regulated. The hypoxia-induced FOXO activation could also be connected to altered gene expression related to fiber-type switching, extracellular matrix remodeling, muscle differentiation and neuromuscular junction denervation. Our results suggest that a six-hour exposure of obese mice to 12% O2 normobaric hypoxia impacts M. gastrocnemius via FOXO1, initiating alterations that may contribute to muscle remodeling of which denervation is novel and warrants further investigation. The findings support an early role of hypoxia in tissue alterations in hypoxia-associated conditions such as aging and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Song
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander Grefte
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Felipe Martínez-Ramírez
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Inge van der Stelt
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Mastorakou
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Mohamad Yusoff F, Nakashima A, Kajikawa M, Kishimoto S, Maruhashi T, Higashi Y. Therapeutic Myogenesis Induced by Ultrasound Exposure in a Volumetric Skeletal Muscle Loss Injury Model. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3554-3566. [PMID: 37743748 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231195850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) irradiation has been shown to induce various responses in different cells. It has been shown that LIPUS activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) through integrin. PURPOSE To study the effects of LIPUS on myogenic regulatory factors and other related myogenesis elements in a volumetric skeletal muscle loss injury model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were subjected to full-thickness muscle defect injury of the quadriceps and treated with direct application of LIPUS 20 min/d or non-LIPUS treatment (control) for 3, 7, and 14 days. LIPUS was also applied to C2C12 cells in culture in the presence of low and high doses of lipopolysaccharides. The expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors and the expression levels of myokine-related and angiogenic-related proteins of the control and LIPUS groups were analyzed. RESULTS Muscle volume in the injury site was restored at day 14 with LIPUS treatment. Paired-box protein 7, myogenic factor 5, myogenin, and desmin expressions were significantly different between control and LIPUS groups at days 7 and 14. Myokine and angiogenic cytokine-related factors were significantly increased in the LIPUS group at day 3 and decreased with no significant difference between the groups by day 14. LIPUS induced different responses of myogenic regulatory factors in C2C12 cells with low and high doses of lipopolysaccharides. LIPUS promoted myogenesis through short-lived increase in interleukin-6 and heme oxygenase 1, together with activation of ERK1/2. CONCLUSION LIPUS had a constant effect on the variables of tissue damage, from macrotrauma to microtrauma, leading to efficient muscle regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The focus of therapeutic strategies with LIPUS has been not only for microvascular regeneration but also for skeletal muscle and related local tissue recovery from acute or chronic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Radiation Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Radiation Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Radiation Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Radiation Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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Pesta D, Heieis J, Hand O, Frings-Meuthen P, Marcus K, Clemen CS, Levine B, Sadek H, Hoffmann F, Limper U, Jordan J, Sies W, Tank J, Zange J, Rittweger J. Case Report: Muscle Wasting during Severe Sustained Hypoxia in Two Professional Mountaineers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:335-341. [PMID: 36730975 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic exposure to hypoxia can induce muscle wasting in unaccustomed individuals. Detailed assessment of the effects of hypoxia on muscle tissue adaptation in elite mountaineers has not been performed. This study aims to assess muscle volume after exposure to normobaric hypoxia. METHODS Two professional mountaineers (A and B) participated in a 35-d intervention of graded normobaric hypoxia with the aim of 14 d exposure to 8% oxygen corresponding to 7112-m altitude. Volume of the shank, thigh, and hip muscles was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging pre- and postintervention. Dietary intake and physical activity were monitored throughout the study from food images and accelerometry analysis, together with blood analysis and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS Hypoxia reduced total leg muscle volume by 3.3% ± 6.0% in A and by 9.4% ± 7.3% in B. A lost 288 g and B 642 g of muscle mass, whereas dietary intake only declined by ~23% in the last intervention week. Arterial oxygen saturation declined from 95% and 86% to 77% and 72% in A and B, respectively. In hypoxia, participants could not maintain their physical activity levels. Notably, muscle loss varied substantially across muscle groups amounting to 5.4% ± 3.0%, 8.3% ± 5.2%, and 4.1% ± 8.6% for hip, thigh, and shank muscles, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that hypoxia and resultant reductions in physical activity and caloric intake lead to substantial loss of muscle mass that was accentuated in proximal muscle as opposed to distal muscles. Surprisingly, thigh muscle wasting during this intervention is comparable with that observed during strict 56-d bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jule Heieis
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, GERMANY
| | - Olga Hand
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, GERMANY
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, GERMANY
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Proteindiagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, GERMANY
| | | | | | - Hesham Sadek
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Fabian Hoffmann
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, GERMANY
| | | | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, GERMANY
| | - Wolfram Sies
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, GERMANY
| | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, GERMANY
| | - Jochen Zange
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, GERMANY
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10
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Lin Y, Li J, Chen L, Bai J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu P, Long K, Ge L, Jin L, Gu Y, Li M. Allele-specific regulatory effects on the pig transcriptome. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad076. [PMID: 37776365 PMCID: PMC10541795 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allele-specific expression (ASE) refers to the preferential expression of one allele over the other and contributes to adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Here, we used a reciprocal cross-model between phenotypically divergent European Berkshire and Asian Tibetan pigs to characterize 2 ASE classes: imprinting (i.e., the unequal expression between parental alleles) and sequence dependent (i.e., unequal expression between breed-specific alleles). We examined 3 transcript types, including protein-coding genes (PCGs), long noncoding RNAs, and transcripts of unknown coding potential, across 7 representative somatic tissues from hybrid pigs generated by reciprocal crosses. RESULTS We identified a total of 92 putative imprinted transcripts, 69 (75.00%) of which are described here for the first time. By combining the transcriptome from purebred Berkshire and Tibetan pigs, we found ∼6.59% of PCGs are differentially expressed between breeds that are regulated by trans-elements (e.g., transcriptional factors), while only ∼1.35% are attributable to cis (e.g., promoters). The higher prevalence of trans-PCGs indicates the dominated effects of trans-regulation in driving expression differences and shaping adaptive phenotypic plasticity between breeds, which were supported by functional enrichment analysis. We also found strong evidence that expression changes mediated by cis-effects were associated with accumulated variants in promoters. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive map of expression regulation that constitutes a valuable resource for the agricultural improvement of pig breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Li
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Chen
- Pig Industry Sciences Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jingyi Bai
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pengliang Liu
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Keren Long
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Pig Industry Sciences Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Long Jin
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiren Gu
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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11
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Saw EL, Werner LD, Zamani P, Chirinos JA, Valero-Muñoz M, Sam F. Skeletal muscle phenotypic switching in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1016452. [PMID: 36531739 PMCID: PMC9753550 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1016452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle (SkM) phenotypic switching is associated with exercise intolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Patients with HFpEF have decreased type-1 oxidative fibers and mitochondrial dysfunction, indicative of impaired oxidative capacity. The SAUNA (SAlty drinking water/Unilateral Nephrectomy/Aldosterone) mice are commonly used in HFpEF pre-clinical studies and demonstrate cardiac, lung, kidney, and white adipose tissue impairments. However, the SkM (specifically the oxidative-predominant, soleus muscle) has not been described in this preclinical HFpEF model. We sought to characterize the soleus skeletal muscle in the HFpEF SAUNA mice and investigate its translational potential. Methods HFpEF was induced in mice by uninephrectomy, d-aldosterone or saline (Sham) infusion by osmotic pump implantation, and 1% NaCl drinking water was given for 4 weeks. Mice were euthanized, and the oxidative-predominant soleus muscle was collected. We examined fiber composition, fiber cross-sectional area, capillary density, and fibrosis. Molecular analyses were also performed. To investigate the clinical relevance of this model, the oxidative-predominant, vastus lateralis muscle from patients with HFpEF was biopsied and examined for molecular changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, vasculature, fibrosis, and inflammation. Results Histological analyses demonstrated a reduction in the abundance of oxidative fibers, type-2A fiber atrophy, decreased capillary density, and increased fibrotic area in the soleus muscle of HFpEF mice compared to Sham. Expression of targets of interest such as a reduction in mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation genes, increased VEGF-α and an elevated inflammatory response was also seen. The histological and molecular changes in HFpEF mice are consistent and comparable with changes seen in the oxidative-predominant SkM of patients with HFpEF. Conclusion The HFpEF SAUNA model recapitulates the SkM phenotypic switching seen in HFpEF patients. This model is suitable and relevant to study SkM phenotypic switching in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Leng Saw
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Louis Dominic Werner
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Payman Zamani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Julio A. Chirinos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - María Valero-Muñoz
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Flora Sam
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, IND, United States,*Correspondence: Flora Sam,
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12
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Salekeen R, Kyba M. Not young but still immature: a HIF-1α-mediated maturation checkpoint in regenerating muscle. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:165322. [PMID: 36453544 PMCID: PMC9711870 DOI: 10.1172/jci165322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fibers express particular isoforms of contractile proteins, depending on the fiber's function and the organism's developmental stage. In the adult, after a muscle injury, newly generated fibers transition through embryonic and neonatal myosins, prior to selecting their distinctive adult myosin isoform. In this issue of the JCI, Wang et al. discover a checkpoint that regulates the neonatal-to-adult myosin isoform transition. They found that HIF-1α regulated this checkpoint, with elevated HIF-1α levels blocking progression, while HIF-1α knockout accelerated the transition. They further related these findings to centronuclear myopathy, a disease in which HIF-1α is similarly elevated and neonatal myosin expression is maintained. These findings highlight a maturation checkpoint that impacts the skeletal muscle regeneration following ischemic injury, providing a pharmacologically accessible pathway in injury and diseases such as centronuclear myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahagir Salekeen
- Lillehei Heart Institute.,Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program and
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Wang X, Jia Y, Zhao J, Lesner NP, Menezes CJ, Shelton SD, Venigalla SSK, Xu J, Cai C, Mishra P. A mitofusin 2/HIF1α axis sets a maturation checkpoint in regenerating skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e161638. [PMID: 36125902 PMCID: PMC9711883 DOI: 10.1172/jci161638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental issue in regenerative medicine is whether there exist endogenous regulatory mechanisms that limit the speed and efficiency of the repair process. We report the existence of a maturation checkpoint during muscle regeneration that pauses myofibers at a neonatal stage. This checkpoint is regulated by the mitochondrial protein mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), the expression of which is activated in response to muscle injury. Mfn2 is required for growth and maturation of regenerating myofibers; in the absence of Mfn2, new myofibers arrested at a neonatal stage, characterized by centrally nucleated myofibers and loss of H3K27me3 repressive marks at the neonatal myosin heavy chain gene. A similar arrest at the neonatal stage was observed in infantile cases of human centronuclear myopathy. Mechanistically, Mfn2 upregulation suppressed expression of hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF1α), which is induced in the setting of muscle damage. Sustained HIF1α signaling blocked maturation of new myofibers at the neonatal-to-adult fate transition, revealing the existence of a checkpoint that delays muscle regeneration. Correspondingly, inhibition of HIF1α allowed myofibers to bypass the checkpoint, thereby accelerating the repair process. We conclude that skeletal muscle contains a regenerative checkpoint that regulates the speed of myofiber maturation in response to Mfn2 and HIF1α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Lesner
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Cameron J. Menezes
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer D. Shelton
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Siva Sai Krishna Venigalla
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Chunyu Cai
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pediatrics, and
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14
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Azhar M, Wardhani BWK, Renesteen E. The regenerative potential of Pax3/Pax7 on skeletal muscle injury. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:143. [PMID: 36251225 PMCID: PMC9574840 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background
Skeletal muscle mishaps are the most well-known incidents in society, especially among athletes and the military population. From the various urgency, this accident needs to be cured more quickly. However, the current treatment still has some shortcomings and is less effective. In this case, Paired box 3 and Paired box 7 (Pax3/Pax7) proteins that induce stem cells could potentially be an alternative treatment for skeletal muscle injuries. This paper aimed to analyse the potential treatment of Pax3/Pax7 proteins inducing the stem cell for skeletal muscle injuries. The main body of the abstract We did a narrative review by gathering several scientific journals from several leading platforms like PubMed and Scopus. As common accidents, skeletal muscle disease could be due to workplace and non-workplace causes. The highest risk occurs in the athlete and military environment. The treatment of current skeletal muscle injuries is protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation (PRICE), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and mechanical stimulation. However, it is considered less effective, especially in NSAIDs, inhibiting myogenic cell proliferation. The current finding indicates that the stem cells have markers known as Pax3/Pax7. The role of both markers in muscle injury, Pax3/Pax7, as transcription factors will induce cell division by H3K4 methylation mechanisms and chromatin modifications that stimulate gene activation. Conclusion Regulation by Pax3/Pax7 factors that affect stem cells and stem cell proliferation is one of the alternative treatments. This regulation can accelerate the healing of injury victims, especially injuries to the skeletal muscles. Finally, after being compared, Pax3/Pax7 induces stem cells to have the potential to be one of the skeletal muscle injury treatments. Keywords Pax3 and Pax7, Pax3/Pax7, Skeletal muscle, Athlete, Stem cells, Cell proliferation, Injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Azhar
- Faculty of Military Pharmacy, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, 16810, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Editha Renesteen
- Faculty of Military Pharmacy, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, 16810, West Java, Indonesia.
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15
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Fullerton ZS, McNair BD, Marcello NA, Schmitt EE, Bruns DR. Exposure to High Altitude Promotes Loss of Muscle Mass That Is Not Rescued by Metformin. High Alt Med Biol 2022; 23:215-222. [PMID: 35653735 PMCID: PMC9526469 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerton, Zackery S., Benjamin D. McNair, Nicholas A. Marcello, Emily E. Schmitt, and Danielle R. Bruns. Exposure to high altitude promotes loss of muscle mass that is not rescued by metformin. High Alt Med Biol. 23:215-222, 2022. Background: Exposure to high altitude (HA) causes muscle atrophy. Few therapeutic interventions attenuate muscle atrophy; however, the diabetic drug, metformin (Met), has been suggested as a potential therapeutic to preserve muscle mass with aging and obesity-related atrophy. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that HA would induce muscle atrophy that could be attenuated by Met. Methods: C57Bl6 male and female mice were exposed to simulated HA (∼5,200 m) for 4 weeks, while control (Con) mice remained at resident altitude (∼2,180 m). Met was administered in drinking water at 200 mg/(kg·day). We assessed muscle mass, myocyte cell size, muscle and body composition, and expression of molecular mediators of atrophy. Results: Mice exposed to HA were leaner and had a smaller hind limb complex (HLC) mass than Con mice. Loss of HLC mass and myocyte size were not attenuated by Met. Molecular markers for muscle atrophy were activated at HA in a sex-dependent manner. While the atrophic regulator, atrogin, was unchanged at HA or with Met, myostatin expression was upregulated at HA. In female mice, Met further stimulated myostatin expression. Conclusions: Although HA exposure resulted in loss of muscle mass, particularly in male mice, Met did not attenuate muscle atrophy. Identification of other interventions to preserve muscle mass during ascent to HA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackery S. Fullerton
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Benjamin D. McNair
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Marcello
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Emily E. Schmitt
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Wyoming WWAMI Medical Education, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Danielle R. Bruns
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Wyoming WWAMI Medical Education, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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16
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Cirillo F, Mangiavini L, La Rocca P, Piccoli M, Ghiroldi A, Rota P, Tarantino A, Canciani B, Coviello S, Messina C, Ciconte G, Pappone C, Peretti GM, Anastasia L. Human Sarcopenic Myoblasts Can Be Rescued by Pharmacological Reactivation of HIF-1α. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137114. [PMID: 35806119 PMCID: PMC9267002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle mass and strength, is associated with metabolic disease and increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is associated with decreased tissue vascularization and muscle atrophy. In this work, we investigated the role of the hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1α in sarcopenia. To this end, we obtained skeletal muscle biopsies from elderly sarcopenic patients and compared them with those from young individuals. We found a decrease in the expression of HIF-1α and its target genes in sarcopenia, as well as of PAX7, the major stem cell marker of satellite cells, whereas the atrophy marker MURF1 was increased. We also isolated satellite cells from muscle biopsies and cultured them in vitro. We found that a pharmacological activation of HIF-1α and its target genes caused a reduction in skeletal muscle atrophy and activation of PAX7 gene expression. In conclusion, in this work we found that HIF-1α plays a role in sarcopenia and is involved in satellite cell homeostasis. These results support further studies to test whether pharmacological reactivation of HIF-1α could prevent and counteract sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.P.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo La Rocca
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Paola Rota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simona Coviello
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Carmelo Messina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.P.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Peretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.P.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-2643-7756
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17
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Pircher T, Wackerhage H, Akova E, Böcker W, Aszodi A, Saller MM. Fusion of Normoxic- and Hypoxic-Preconditioned Myoblasts Leads to Increased Hypertrophy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061059. [PMID: 35326510 PMCID: PMC8947054 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries, high altitude, and endurance exercise lead to hypoxic conditions in skeletal muscle and sometimes to hypoxia-induced local tissue damage. Thus, regenerative myoblasts/satellite cells are exposed to different levels and durations of partial oxygen pressure depending on the spatial distance from the blood vessels. To date, it is unclear how hypoxia affects myoblasts proliferation, differentiation, and particularly fusion with normoxic myoblasts. To study this, we investigated how 21% and 2% oxygen affects C2C12 myoblast morphology, proliferation, and myogenic differentiation and evaluated the fusion of normoxic- or hypoxic-preconditioned C2C12 cells in 21% or 2% oxygen in vitro. Out data show that the long-term hypoxic culture condition does not affect the proliferation of C2C12 cells but leads to rounder cells and reduced myotube formation when compared with myoblasts exposed to normoxia. However, when normoxic- and hypoxic-preconditioned myoblasts were differentiated together, the resultant myotubes were significantly larger than the control myotubes. Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed several novel candidate genes that are differentially regulated during the differentiation under normoxia and hypoxia in mixed culture conditions and may thus be involved in the increase in myotube size. Taken together, oxygen-dependent adaption and interaction of myoblasts may represent a novel approach for the development of innovative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pircher
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (T.P.); (E.A.); (W.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60, 80992 Munich, Germany;
| | - Elif Akova
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (T.P.); (E.A.); (W.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (T.P.); (E.A.); (W.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (T.P.); (E.A.); (W.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Maximilian M. Saller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (T.P.); (E.A.); (W.B.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4400-55486
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18
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Gugliuzza MV, Crist C. Muscle stem cell adaptations to cellular and environmental stress. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:5. [PMID: 35151369 PMCID: PMC8840228 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifelong regeneration of the skeletal muscle is dependent on a rare population of resident skeletal muscle stem cells, also named ‘satellite cells’ for their anatomical position on the outside of the myofibre and underneath the basal lamina. Muscle stem cells maintain prolonged quiescence, but activate the myogenic programme and the cell cycle in response to injury to expand a population of myogenic progenitors required to regenerate muscle. The skeletal muscle does not regenerate in the absence of muscle stem cells. Main body The notion that lifelong regeneration of the muscle is dependent on a rare, non-redundant population of stem cells seems contradictory to accumulating evidence that muscle stem cells have activated multiple stress response pathways. For example, muscle stem cell quiescence is mediated in part by the eIF2α arm of the integrated stress response and by negative regulators of mTORC1, two translational control pathways that downregulate protein synthesis in response to stress. Muscle stem cells also activate pathways to protect against DNA damage, heat shock, and environmental stress. Here, we review accumulating evidence that muscle stem cells encounter stress during their prolonged quiescence and their activation. While stress response pathways are classically described to be bimodal whereby a threshold dictates cell survival versus cell death responses to stress, we review evidence that muscle stem cells additionally respond to stress by spontaneous activation and fusion to myofibres. Conclusion We propose a cellular stress test model whereby the prolonged state of quiescence and the microenvironment serve as selective pressures to maintain muscle stem cell fitness, to safeguard the lifelong regeneration of the muscle. Fit muscle stem cells that maintain robust stress responses are permitted to maintain the muscle stem cell pool. Unfit muscle stem cells are depleted from the pool first by spontaneous activation, or in the case of severe stress, by activating cell death or senescence pathways.
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