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Zhu F, McSwiggin H, Zyuzin J, Liu J, Yan W, Rehan VK, Jendzjowsky N. Epigenetic upregulation of carotid body angiotensin signaling increases blood pressure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593589. [PMID: 38798667 PMCID: PMC11118542 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes can be shaped by a wide array of environmental cues as well as maternal health and behaviors. One of the most detrimental behaviors to the developing fetus is nicotine exposure. Perinatal nicotine exposure remains a significant risk factor for cardiovascular health and in particular, hypertension. Increased basal carotid body activity and excitation are significant contributors to hypertension. This study investigated the epigenetic changes to carotid body activity induced by perinatal nicotine exposure resulting in carotid body-mediated hypertension. Using a rodent model of perinatal nicotine exposure, we show that angiotensin II type 1 receptor signaling is upregulated in the carotid bodies of nicotine-exposed offspring. These changes were attributed to an upregulation of genetic promotion as DNA methylation of AT1r and PKC occurred within intron regions, exemplifying an upregulation of genetic transcription for these genes. Nicotine increased angiotensin signaling in vitro . Carotid body reactivity to angiotensin was increased in perinatal nicotine-exposed offspring compared to control offspring. Further, carotid body denervation reduced arterial pressure as a result of suppressed efferent sympathetic activity in perinatal nicotine-exposed offspring. Our data demonstrate that perinatal nicotine exposure adversely affects carotid body afferent sensing, which augments efferent sympathetic activity to increase vasoconstrictor signaling and induce hypertension. Targeting angiotensin signaling in the carotid bodies may provide a way to alleviate hypertension acquired by adverse maternal uterine environments in general and perinatal nicotine exposure in particular.
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Torres DB, Lopes A, Rodrigues AJ, Ventura-Silva AP, Sousa N, Gontijo JAR, Boer PA, Lopes MG. Early morphological and neurochemical changes of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) in gestational protein-restricted male offspring. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38576309 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2320498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a structure with a peculiar neurochemical composition involved in modulating anxietylike behavior and fear. AIM The present study investigated the effects on the BNST neurochemical composition and neuronal structure in critical moments of the postnatal period in gestational protein-restricted male rats' offspring. METHODS Dams were maintained during the pregnancy on isocaloric rodent laboratory chow with standard protein content [NP, 17%] or low protein content [LP, 6%]. BNST from male NP and age-matched LP offspring was studied using the isotropic fractionator method, Neuronal 3D reconstruction, dendritic-tree analysis, blotting analysis, and high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Serum corticosterone levels were higher in male LP offspring than NP rats in 14-day-old offspring, without any difference in 7-day-old progeny. The BNST total cell number and anterodorsal BNST division volume in LP progeny were significantly reduced on the 14th postnatal day compared with NP offspring. The BNST HPLC analysis from 7 days-old LP revealed increased norepinephrine levels compared to NP progeny. The BNST blot analysis from 7-day-old LP revealed reduced levels of GR and BDNF associated with enhanced CRF1 expression compared to NP offspring. 14-day-old LP offspring showed reduced expression of MR and 5HT1A associated with decreased DOPAC and DOPA turnover levels relative to NP rats. In Conclusion, the BNST cellular and neurochemical changes may represent adaptation during development in response to elevated fetal exposure to maternal corticosteroid levels. In this way, gestational malnutrition alters the BNST content and structure and contributes to already-known behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Torres
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - A Lopes
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - A J Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A P Ventura-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - N Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J A R Gontijo
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - P A Boer
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Peña-Villalobos I, Otarola FA, Arancibia D, Sabat P, Palma V. Prenatal caloric restriction adjusts the energy homeostasis and behavior in response to acute and chronic variations in food availability in adulthood. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:677-688. [PMID: 37831173 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Fetal metabolic programming produced by unfavorable prenatal nutritional conditions leads to the development of a disorder called "thrifty phenotype", which is associated with pathologies such as diabetes and obesity in adulthood. However, from an ecophysiological approach, few studies have addressed the development of thrifty phenotypes in terms of energy. This might represent an adaptive advantage against caloric deficiency conditions extending into adulthood. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential adaptive value of the thrifty phenotype expression through prenatal programming in a rodent model experiencing varying dietary conditions in different temporal contexts. To fill this gap, adult males of Mus musculus (BALB/C) from two maternal pregnancy groups were analyzed: control (ad libitum feeding) and caloric restriction from day 10 of gestation (70% restriction). Adult offspring of these groups were split further for two experiments: acute food deprivation and chronic caloric restriction at 60%. The acute food deprivation was performed for 24, 48 or 72 h while the caloric restriction regime was sustained for 20 days. For each experiment, morphological variables, such as body and organ mass, and gene expression related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism from the liver and brain, were evaluated. In chronic caloric restriction, behavioral tests (open-field test and home-cage behavior) were performed. Our results indicate that under acute deprivation, the liver mass and triglyceride content remained unchanged in individuals subjected to prenatal restriction, in contrast to the reduction experienced by the control group. The latter is associated with the expression of the key genes involved in energy homeostasis (Pepck, Pparα/Pparγ), indicating a differential use of nutritional resources. In addition, thrifty animals, subjected to chronic caloric restriction, showed a severe reduction in locomotor and gluconeogenic activity, which is consistent with the regulatory role of Sirt1 and its downstream targets Mao and Pepck. Our results reveal that prenatal caloric restriction translates into a sparing metabolism in response to acute and chronic lack of food in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Peña-Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fabiola A Otarola
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Arancibia
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Simões-Alves AC, Costa-Silva JH, Bassot A, Leandro CG, Pirola L, Fernandes MP, Morio B. Diet enriched in saturated fatty acids induces liver oxidative stress and elicits inflammatory pathways prior to metabolic disruption in perinatal protein undernutrition. Nutr Res 2023; 118:104-115. [PMID: 37634306 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The impact of diets high in saturated fatty acids in individuals who have undergone maternal protein restriction is not clear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a saturated fatty acid-enriched hyperlipidic diet (HL) affects liver expression of genes of the redox balance and inflammatory pathway in postweaning rat offspring subjected to maternal protein restriction. Pregnant Wistar rats received either a control (C; 19% protein) or low protein (LP; 8% protein) diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, pups received either C or HL diets up to 90 days of life. The LP+HL group showed an upregulation of transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (+48%) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (+96%) compared with the LP+C group (P < .05), respectively. Similarly, gene expression of the markers of inflammation, nuclear factor-kappa B1 (+194%) and tumor necrosis factor-α (+192%), was enhanced (P < .05). Although other antioxidant enzymes were not modified in gene expression, catalase (CAT) was 66% higher in LP+HL compared with LP+C. In contrast, CAT protein content in the liver was 50% lower in LP groups compared with C, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) was twice as high in LP groups compared with C. Postweaning HL after maternal protein restriction induces hepatic metabolic adaptation characterized by enhanced oxidative stress, unbalanced expression in the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2 and CAT, and activation of inflammatory pathways but does not impact circulating markers of lipid metabolism and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiany C Simões-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France; Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - João H Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France.
| | - Arthur Bassot
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Carol Góis Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Beatrice Morio
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Poasakate A, Ruvira-Hernando S, Gutierrez-Arzapalo PY, Böger R, Hannemann J, Lüneburg N, Arribas SM. Vascular nitrosative stress in hypertension induced by fetal undernutrition in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:555-568. [PMID: 36821073 PMCID: PMC10338582 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Fetal undernutrition predisposes to hypertension development. Since nitric oxide (NO) is a key factor in blood pressure control, we aimed to investigate the role of NO alterations in hypertension induced by fetal undernutrition in rats. Male and female offspring from dams exposed to undernutrition during the second half of gestation (MUN) were studied at 21 days (normotensive) and 6 months of age (hypertension developed only in males). In aorta, we analyzed total and phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS, p-eNOS), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), and Nrf2 (Western blot). In plasma we assessed L-arginine, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA, SDMA; LC-MS/MS), nitrates (NOx, Griess reaction), carbonyl groups, and lipid peroxidation (spectrophotometry). In iliac arteries, we studied superoxide anion production (DHE staining, confocal microscopy) and vasodilatation to acetylcholine (isometric tension). Twenty-one-day-old MUN offspring did not show alterations in vascular e-NOS or 3NT expression, plasma L-Arg/ADMA ratio, or NOx. Compared to control group, 6-month-old MUN rats showed increased aortic expression of p-eNOS/eNOS and 3-NT, being Nrf2 expression lower, elevated plasma L-arginine/ADMA, NOx and carbonyl levels, increased iliac artery DHE staining and reduced acetylcholine-mediated relaxations. These alterations in MUN rats were sex-dependent, affecting males. However, females showed some signs of endothelial dysfunction. We conclude that increased NO production in the context of a pro-oxidative environment, leads to vascular nitrosative damage and dysfunction, which can participate in hypertension development in MUN males. Females show a better adaptation, but signs of endothelial dysfunction, which can explain hypertension in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) multidisciplinary research group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anuson Poasakate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Santiago Ruvira-Hernando
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) multidisciplinary research group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- PhD student at Pharmacology and Physiology PhD Program, Doctorate School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Perla Y Gutierrez-Arzapalo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Present address: Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDOCS), Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Rainer Böger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Hannemann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Lüneburg
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silvia M Arribas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) multidisciplinary research group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Mojammamy N, Alayed N, Aljerian K, Aldahmash W, Harrath AH, Alwasel S. Stereological and histopathological assessment of intrauterine growth restriction placenta from Saudi women. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Calsa B, Bortolança TJ, Masiero BC, Esquisatto MAM, de Oliveira CA, Catisti R, Santamaria-Jr M. Maxillary and dental development in the offspring of protein-restricted female rats. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12895. [PMID: 36199171 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional restriction during developmental periods impairs organ physiology. Female rats were subjected to protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation to analyze dental and maxillary development. Four exposure groups were considered: normal-protein diet during pregnancy and lactation (NP, 17% casein), low-protein diet during lactation (LP-L, 6% casein), low-protein diet during pregnancy and lactation (LP), and low-protein diet during pregnancy (LP-G). Maxillae from 15-day-old male pups were collected. All protein-restricted groups presented increased dentin thickness and reduced alveolar bone area. When protein restriction was applied during both gestation and lactation (LP), harmful effects were observed in the form of loss of protective OPG (osteoprotegerin) in tooth epithelium-mesenchyme, due to higher RANKL expression, delay in odontoblast maturation, less dental pulp vascularity, reduction in amount of alveolar bone, and less matrix mineralization. In the LP-L group, effects of protein restriction seemed less harmful, and despite less alveolar bone, the enhancement in BMP-7, VEGF, and RANKL seems a compensatory signal to maintain maxillary osteogenesis. In LP-G animals, Dspp expression was higher, suggesting a delay in odontoblast maturation or expression recuperation. In conclusion, maternal protein restriction affects dental and maxillary development. A low-protein diet only in gestation allows for normal development. A low-protein diet during gestation-lactation results in impaired odontogenesis that may increase susceptibility of dental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Calsa
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Calloni Masiero
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Andrea de Oliveira
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Catisti
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Santamaria-Jr
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Orthodontics, Herminio Ometto University Center, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
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Folguieri MS, Franco ATB, Vieira AS, Gontijo JAR, Boer PA. Transcriptome and morphological analysis on the heart in gestational protein-restricted aging male rat offspring. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:892322. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.892322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse factors that influence embryo/fetal development are correlated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type-2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, impaired kidney development, psychiatric disorders, and enhanced susceptibility to oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in adulthood. Human and experimental studies have demonstrated a reciprocal relationship between birthweight and cardiovascular diseases, implying intrauterine adverse events in the onset of these abnormalities. In this way, it is plausible that confirmed functional and morphological heart changes caused by gestational protein restriction could be related to epigenetic effects anticipating cardiovascular disorders and reducing the survival time of these animals.Methods: Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to the protein diet content offered during the pregnancy: a normal protein diet (NP, 17%) or a Low-protein diet (LP, 6%). The arterial pressure was measured, and the cardiac mass, cardiomyocytes area, gene expression, collagen content, and immunostaining of proteins were performed in the cardiac tissue of male 62-weeks old NP compared to LP offspring.Results: In the current study, we showed a low birthweight followed by catch-up growth phenomena associated with high blood pressure development, increased heart collagen content, and cardiomyocyte area in 62-week-old LP offspring. mRNA sequencing analysis identified changes in the expression level of 137 genes, considering genes with a p-value < 0.05. No gene was. Significantly changed according to the adj-p-value. After gene-to-gene biological evaluation and relevance, the study demonstrated significant differences in genes linked to inflammatory activity, oxidative stress, apoptosis process, autophagy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis pathways resulting in heart function disorders.Conclusion: The present study suggests that gestational protein restriction leads to early cardiac diseases in the LP progeny. It is hypothesized that heart dysfunction is associated with fibrosis, myocyte hypertrophy, and multiple abnormal gene expression. Considering the above findings, it may suppose a close link between maternal protein restriction, specific gene expression, and progressive heart failure.
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Chao YM, Tain YL, Lee WC, Wu KLH, Yu HR, Chan JYH. Protection by -Biotics against Hypertension Programmed by Maternal High Fructose Diet: Rectification of Dysregulated Expression of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Receptors in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of Adult Offspring. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204306. [PMID: 36296991 PMCID: PMC9609147 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the brain on the developmental programming of hypertension is poorly understood. The present study explored dysregulated tissue levels of SCFAs and expression of SCFA-sensing receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a key forebrain region engaged in neural regulation of blood pressure of offspring to maternal high fructose diet (HFD) exposure. We further investigated the engagement of SCFA-sensing receptors in PVN in the beneficial effects of -biotics (prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic, and postbiotic) on programmed hypertension. Maternal HFD during gestation and lactation significantly reduced circulating butyrate, along with decreased tissue level of butyrate and increased expression of SCFA-sensing receptors, GPR41 and olfr78, and tissue oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in PVN of HFD offspring that were rectified by oral supplement with -biotics. Gene silencing of GPR41 or olfr78 mRNA in PVN also protected adult HFD offspring from programmed hypertension and alleviated the induced oxidative stress and inflammation in PVN. In addition, oral supplement with postbiotic butyrate restored tissue butyrate levels, rectified expressions of GPR41 and olfr78 in PVN, and protected against programmed hypertension in adult HFD offspring. These data suggest that alterations in tissue butyrate level, expression of GPR41 and olfr78, and activation of SCFA-sensing receptor-dependent tissue oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in PVN could be novel mechanisms that underlie hypertension programmed by maternal HFD exposure in adult offspring. Furthermore, oral -biotics supplementation may exert beneficial effects on hypertension of developmental origin by targeting dysfunctional SCFA-sensing receptors in PVN to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Mei Chao
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +886-7733-8415
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