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Liang P, Wan YCS, Yu K, Hartzell HC, Yang H. Niclosamide potentiates TMEM16A and induces vasoconstriction. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313460. [PMID: 38814250 PMCID: PMC11138202 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel is a promising therapeutic target for various diseases. Niclosamide, an anthelmintic medication, has been considered a TMEM16A inhibitor for treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but was recently found to possess broad-spectrum off-target effects. Here, we show that, under physiological Ca2+ (200-500 nM) and voltages, niclosamide acutely potentiates TMEM16A. Our computational and functional characterizations pinpoint a putative niclosamide binding site on the extracellular side of TMEM16A. Mutations in this site attenuate the potentiation. Moreover, niclosamide potentiates endogenous TMEM16A in vascular smooth muscle cells, triggers intracellular calcium increase, and constricts the murine mesenteric artery. Our findings advise caution when considering clinical applications of niclosamide as a TMEM16A inhibitor. The identification of the putative niclosamide binding site provides insights into the mechanism of TMEM16A pharmacological modulation and provides insights into developing specific TMEM16A modulators to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yui Chun S. Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H. Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Zhou Y, Li R, Wang K, Lin F, Chen Y, Yang J, Han H, Li T, Jia Y, Yuan K, Zhang H, Li R, Li Z, Zhao Y, Hao Q, Chen X, Zhao Y. A retrospective study on the relationship between serum electrolyte disorder and delayed cerebral infarction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107579. [PMID: 38325032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI)-induced cerebral infarction is a major cause of adverse neurological outcomes following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative serum electrolyte levels and DCI in patients with aSAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the data of patients with aSAH between 2015 and 2022. The patients were classified into two groups according to whether they experienced DCI. Electrolyte levels were categorized into three groups based on the normal ranges for electrolytes. Logistic regression models were used to study the relationship between electrolyte levels and DCI. Another logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the different severity levels of statistically significant indicators and DCI. A restrictive cubic spline model was adopted to assess the potential linear relationship between electrolytes and DCI. Subsequently, sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of collinearity among ions. Finally, subgroup analysis was performed. RESULTS This study included 1,099 patients. Patients with hyperchloremia were more prone to DCI than those with normal chloride levels. Subsequently, excluding the population with hypochloremia, both mild and severe hyperchloremia were found to be associated with an increased risk of DCI compared with normal chloride levels. Within the framework of a restrictive cubic spline, our findings revealed an increased incidence of DCI (P for nonlinear = 0.735) as chloride levels increased. Sensitivity analysis revealed that patients with severe hyperchloremia were more susceptible to DCI. CONCLUSIONS This study found that patients with aSAH and postoperative hyperchloremia are more prone to developing DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fa Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heze Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruinan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Stroke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Stroke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Stroke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
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3
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Prendergast C, Wray S, Dungate D, Martin C, Vaida A, Brook E, Chioma CA, Wallace H. Investigating the role of CFTR in human and mouse myometrium. Curr Res Physiol 2024; 7:100122. [PMID: 38501132 PMCID: PMC10945125 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been linked to airway smooth muscle abnormalities including bronchial hyperresponsiveness. However, a role for CFTR in other types of smooth muscle, including myometrium, remains largely unexplored. As CF life expectancy and the number of pregnancies increases, there is a need for an understanding of the potential role of CFTR in myometrial function. Methods We investigated the role of CFTR in human and mouse myometrium. We used immunofluorescence to identify CFTR expression, and carried out contractility studies on spontaneously contracting term pregnant and non-pregnant mouse myometrium and term pregnant human myometrial biopsies from caesarean sections. Results CFTR was found to be expressed in term pregnant mouse myometrium. Inhibition of CFTR, with the selective inhibitor CFTRinh-172, significantly reduced contractility in pregnant mouse and human myometrium in a concentration-dependent manner (44.89 ± 11.02 term pregnant mouse, 9.23 ± 4.75 term-pregnant human; maximal effect at 60 μM expressed as a percentage of the pre-treatment control period). However, there was no effect of CFTRinh-172 in non-pregnant myometrium. Conclusion These results demonstrate decreased myometrial function when CFTR is inhibited, which may have implications on pregnancy and labour outcome and therapeutic decisions for labour in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh Prendergast
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susan Wray
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniella Dungate
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christine Martin
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andra Vaida
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elizabeth Brook
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cecilia Ani Chioma
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Wallace
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Kim DH, Choi JY, Kim SM, Son SM, Choi SY, Koo B, Rah CS, Nam JH, Ju MJ, Lee JS, You RY, Hong SH, Lee J, Bae JW, Kim CH, Choi W, Kim HS, Xu WX, Lee SJ, Kim YC, Yun HY. Vasomotion in human arteries and their regulations based on ion channel regulations: 10 years study. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2076-2089. [PMID: 37672477 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Vasomotion is the oscillation of vascular tone which gives rise to flow motion of blood into an organ. As is well known, spontaneous contractile organs such as heart, GI, and genitourinary tract produce rhythmic contraction. It imposes or removes pressure on their vessels alternatively for exchange of many substances. It was first described over 150 years ago, however the physiological mechanism and pathophysiological implications are not well understood. This study aimed to elucidate underlying mechanisms and physiological function of vasomotion in human arteries. Conventional contractile force measurement, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis were employed to study human left gastric artery (HLGA) and uterine arteries (HUA). RESULTS: Circular muscle of HLGA and/or HUA produced sustained tonic contraction by high K+ (50 mM) which was blocked by 2 µM nifedipine. Stepwise stretch and high K+ produced nerve-independent spontaneous contraction (vasomotion) (around 45% of tested tissues). Vasomotion was also produced by application of BayK 8644, 5-HT, prostagrandins, oxytocin. It was blocked by nifedipine (2 µM) and blockers of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Inhibitors of Ca2+ -activated Cl- channels (DIDS and/or niflumic acid) and ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP ) channels inhibited vasomotion reversibly. Metabolic inhibition by sodium cyanide (NaCN) and several neuropeptides also regulated vasomotion in KATP channel-sensitive and -insensitive manner. Finally, we identified TMEM16A Ca2+ -activated Cl- channels and subunits of KATP channels (Kir 6.1/6.2 and sulfonylurea receptor 2B [SUR2B]), and c-Kit positivity by Western blot analysis. We conclude that vasomotion is sensitive to TMEM16A Ca2+ -activated Cl- channels and metabolic changes in human gastric and uterine arteries. Vasomotion might play an important role in the regulation of microcirculation dynamics even in pacemaker-related autonomic contractile organs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital (CBNUH), Chungbuk National University (CBNU), Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- Department of OBGY, College of Medicine, CBNU, College of Medicine, CBNU, (CBNUH), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su Mi Kim
- Department of OBGY, College of Medicine, CBNU, College of Medicine, CBNU, (CBNUH), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung-Myoung Son
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, CBNU, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Beommo Koo
- College of Medicine, CBNU, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Cheong-Sil Rah
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | | | | | - Jong Sung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ra Young You
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, CBNU, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Hong
- Department of OBGY, College of Medicine, CBNU, College of Medicine, CBNU, (CBNUH), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Junyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, CBNU & CBNUH, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jang-Whan Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, CBNU & CBNUH, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chan Hyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, CBNU, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Woong Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, CBNU, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, CBNU, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Wen-Xie Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medcine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, CBNU, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, CBNU, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyo-Yung Yun
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital (CBNUH), Chungbuk National University (CBNU), Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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Liang P, Wan YCS, Yu K, Hartzell HC, Yang H. Niclosamide potentiates TMEM16A and induces vasoconstriction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551400. [PMID: 37577682 PMCID: PMC10418162 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel is a promising therapeutic target for various diseases. Niclosamide, an anthelmintic medication, has been considered as a TMEM16A inhibitor for treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but was recently found to possess broad-spectrum off-target effects. Here we show that, under physiological conditions, niclosamide acutely potentiates TMEM16A without having any inhibitory effect. Our computational and functional characterizations pinpoint a putative niclosamide binding site on the extracellular side of TMEM16A. Mutations in this site attenuate the potentiation. Moreover, niclosamide potentiates endogenous TMEM16A in vascular smooth muscle cells, triggers intracellular calcium increase, and constricts the murine mesenteric artery. Our findings advise caution when considering niclosamide as a TMEM16A inhibitor to treat diseases such as asthma, COPD, and hypertension. The identification of the putative niclosamide binding site provides insights into the mechanism of TMEM16A pharmacological modulation, shining light on developing specific TMEM16A modulators to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yui Chun S. Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA 30322, USA
| | - H. Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA 30322, USA
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, NC 27710, USA
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Dunaway LS, Billaud M, Macal E, Good ME, Medina CB, Lorenz U, Ravichandran K, Koval M, Isakson BE. Amount of Pannexin 1 in Smooth Muscle Cells Regulates Sympathetic Nerve-Induced Vasoconstriction. Hypertension 2023; 80:416-425. [PMID: 36448464 PMCID: PMC9851955 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panx1 (pannexin 1) forms high conductance channels that secrete ATP upon stimulation. The role of Panx1 in mediating constriction in response to direct sympathetic nerve stimulation is not known. Additionally, it is unknown how the expression level of Panx1 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) influences α-adrenergic responses. We hypothesized that the amount of Panx1 in SMCs dictates the levels of sympathetic constriction and blood pressure. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we used genetically modified mouse models enabling expression of Panx1 in vascular cells to be varied. Electrical field stimulation on isolated arteries and blood pressure were assessed. RESULTS Genetic deletion of SMC Panx1 prevented constriction by electric field stimulation of sympathetic nerves. Conversely, overexpression of Panx1 in SMCs using a ROSA26 transgenic model increased sympathetic nerve-mediated constriction. Connexin 43 hemichannel inhibitors did not alter constriction. Next, we evaluated the effects of altered SMC Panx1 expression on blood pressure. To do this, we created mice combining a global Panx1 deletion, with ROSA26-Panx1 under the control of an inducible SMC specific Cre (Myh11). This resulted in mice that could express only human Panx1, only in SMCs. After tamoxifen, these mice had increased blood pressure that was acutely decreased by the Panx1 inhibitor spironolactone. Control mice genetically devoid of Panx1 did not respond to spironolactone. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest Panx1 in SMCs could regulate the extent of sympathetic nerve constriction and blood pressure. The results also show the feasibility humanized Panx1-mouse models to test pharmacological candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S. Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Marie Billaud
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, 02115
| | - Edgar Macal
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Miranda E. Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston MA 02111
| | - Christopher B. Medina
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Ulrike Lorenz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Kodi Ravichandran
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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Xiao M, Lai D, Yu Y, Wu Q, Zhang C. Pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension caused by left heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1079142. [PMID: 36937903 PMCID: PMC10020203 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1079142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension has high disability and mortality rates. Among them, pulmonary hypertension caused by left heart disease (PH-LHD) is the most common type. According to the 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension, PH-LHD is classified as group 2 pulmonary hypertension. PH-LHD belongs to postcapillary pulmonary hypertension, which is distinguished from other types of pulmonary hypertension because of its elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure. PH-LHD includes PH due to systolic or diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, mitral or aortic valve disease and congenital left heart disease. The primary strategy in managing PH-LHD is optimizing treatment of the underlying cardiac disease. Recent clinical studies have found that mechanical unloading of left ventricle by an implantable non-pulsatile left ventricular assist device with continuous flow properties can reverse pulmonary hypertension in patients with heart failure. However, the specific therapies for PH in LHD have not yet been identified. Treatments that specifically target PH in LHD could slow its progression and potentially improve disease severity, leading to far better clinical outcomes. Therefore, exploring the current research on the pathogenesis of PH-LHD is important. This paper summarizes and classifies the research articles on the pathogenesis of PH-LHD to provide references for the mechanism research and clinical treatment of PH-LHD, particularly molecular targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Disheng Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caojin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Caojin Zhang,
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8
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Characterization of a Family of Scorpion Toxins Modulating Ca 2+-Activated Cl - Current in Vascular Myocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110780. [PMID: 36356031 PMCID: PMC9699600 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacology of calcium-activated chloride current is not well developed. Peptides from scorpion venom present potent pharmacological actions on ionic conductance used to characterize the function of channels but can also be helpful to develop organic pharmacological tools. Using electrophysiological recording coupled with calcium measurement, we tested the potent effect of peptides extracted from Leuirus quinquestratus quinquestratus venom on the calcium-activated chloride current expressed in smooth muscle cells freshly dissociated from rat portal veins. We identified one peptide which selectively inhibited the chloride conductance without effects on either calcium signaling or calcium and potassium currents expressed in this cell type. The synthetic peptide had the same affinity, but the chemical modification of the amino acid sequence altered the efficiency to inhibit the calcium-activated chloride conductance.
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9
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Goto K, Kitazono T. Chloride Ions, Vascular Function and Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092316. [PMID: 36140417 PMCID: PMC9496098 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, and mediators that induce vasoconstriction will increase systemic vascular resistance and thus elevate blood pressure. While peripheral vascular resistance reflects a complex interaction of multiple factors, vascular ion channels and transporters play important roles in the regulation of vascular tone by modulating the membrane potential of vascular cells. In vascular smooth muscle cells, chloride ions (Cl−) are a type of anions accumulated by anion exchangers and the anion–proton cotransporter system, and efflux of Cl− through Cl− channels depolarizes the membrane and thereby triggers vasoconstriction. Among these Cl− regulatory pathways, emerging evidence suggests that upregulation of the Ca2+-activated Cl− channel TMEM16A in the vasculature contributes to the increased vascular contractility and elevated blood pressure in hypertension. A robust accumulation of intracellular Cl− in vascular smooth muscle cells through the increased activity of Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) during hypertension has also been reported. Thus, the enhanced activity of both TMEM16A and NKCC1 could act additively and sequentially to increase vascular contractility and hence blood pressure in hypertension. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the role of Cl− in the regulation of vascular tone and arterial blood pressure and its association with hypertension, with a particular focus on TMEM16A and NKCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Goto
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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