1
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Stegen S, Carmeliet G. Metabolic regulation of skeletal cell fate and function. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:399-413. [PMID: 38499689 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Bone development and bone remodelling during adult life are highly anabolic processes requiring an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. Bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts interact closely to preserve bone mass and architecture and are often located close to blood vessels. Chondrocytes within the developing growth plate ensure that bone lengthening occurs before puberty, but these cells function in an avascular environment. With ageing, numerous bone marrow adipocytes appear, often with negative effects on bone properties. Many studies have now indicated that skeletal cells have specific metabolic profiles that correspond to the nutritional microenvironment and their stage-specific functions. These metabolic networks provide not only skeletal cells with sufficient energy, but also biosynthetic intermediates that are necessary for proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. Moreover, these metabolic pathways control redox homeostasis to avoid oxidative stress and safeguard cell survival. Finally, several intracellular metabolites regulate the activity of epigenetic enzymes and thus control the fate and function of skeletal cells. The metabolic profile of skeletal cells therefore not only reflects their cellular state, but can also drive cellular activity. Insight into skeletal cell metabolism will thus not only advance our understanding of skeletal development and homeostasis, but also of skeletal disorders, such as osteoarthritis, diabetic bone disease and bone malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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AlZahrani S, Shinwari Z, Alaiya A, Al-Kahtani A. Impact of Resolvin-E1 and Maresin-1 on Bone Marrow Stem Cell Osteogenesis under Inflammatory Stress. Cells 2024; 13:932. [PMID: 38891064 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and bone loss. Central to its pathogenesis is the dysregulated inflammatory response, complicating regenerative therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold significant promise in tissue repair and regeneration. This study investigated the effects of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), Resolvin E1 (RvE1) and Maresin 1 (MaR1), on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs under inflammatory conditions. The stem cells were treated with SPMs in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate an inflammatory environment. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed through alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining. Proteomic analysis was conducted to characterize the protein expression profile changes, focusing on proteins related to osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with RvE1 and MaR1, both individually and in combination, significantly enhanced calcified deposit formation. Proteomic analysis revealed the differential expression of proteins associated with osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, highlighting the modulatory impact of SPMs on bone metabolism. RvE1 and MaR1 promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs in an inflammatory environment, with their combined application yielding synergistic effects. This study provides insights into the therapeutic potential of SPMs in enhancing bone regeneration, suggesting a promising avenue for developing regenerative therapies for periodontal disease and other conditions characterized by inflammation-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahd AlZahrani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11612, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakia Shinwari
- Therapeutics & Biomarker Discovery for Clinical Applications, Cell Therapy & Immunobiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayodele Alaiya
- Therapeutics & Biomarker Discovery for Clinical Applications, Cell Therapy & Immunobiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Kahtani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11612, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Jin C, Yu XB, Yang J, Lin Z, Ma RX, Lin BH, Zhang HJ, Dai ZH, Xue K, Xie CL, Zheng W, Feng Y, Xiao J, Yang L. Corynoline Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis and Attenuates ROS Activities by Regulating NF-κB/MAPKs and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8149-8166. [PMID: 38551844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Declining estrogen production in postmenopausal females causes osteoporosis in which the resorption of bone exceeds the increase in bone formation. Although clinical drugs are currently available for the treatment of osteoporosis, sustained medication use is accompanied by serious side effects. Corydalis bungeana Herba, a famous traditional Chinese herb listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, constitutes various traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions, which date back to thousands of years. One of the primary active components of C. bungeana Turcz. is Corynoline (Cor), a plant isoquinoline alkaloid derived from the Corydalis species, which possesses bone metabolism disease therapeutic potential. The study aimed at exploring the effects as well as mechanisms of Cor on osteoclast formation and bone resorption. TRAcP staining, F-actin belt formation, and pit formation were employed for assessing the osteoclast function. Western blot, qPCR, network pharmacology, and docking analyses were used for analyzing the expression of osteoclast-associated genes and related signaling pathways. The study focused on investigating how Cor affected OVX-induced trabecular bone loss by using a mouse model. Cor could weaken osteoclast formation and function by affecting the biological receptor activators of NF-κB and its ligand at various concentrations. Mechanistically, Cor inhibited the NF-κB activation, and the MAPKs pathway stimulated by RANKL. Besides, Cor enhanced the protein stability of the Nrf2, which effectively abolished the RANKL-stimulated ROS generation. According to an OVX mouse model, Cor functions in restoring bone mass, improving microarchitecture, and reducing the ROS levels in the distal femurs, which corroborated with its in vitro antiosteoclastogenic effect. The present study indicates that Cor may restrain osteoclast formation and bone loss by modulating NF-κB/MAPKs and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Cor was shown to be a potential drug candidate that can be utilized for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xian-Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Run-Xun Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bing-Hao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zi-Han Dai
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaikai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Burn and Wound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Cheng-Long Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yongzeng Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Burn and Wound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
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4
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Deng Y, Xiao J, Ma L, Wang C, Wang X, Huang X, Cao Z. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Periodontitis and Associated Systemic Diseases: Implications for Pathomechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1024. [PMID: 38256098 PMCID: PMC10816612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disorder damaging periodontal tissues, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It arises from the complex interplay between pathogenic oral bacteria and host immune response. Contrary to the previous view of "energy factories", mitochondria have recently been recognized as semi-autonomous organelles that fine-tune cell survival, death, metabolism, and other functions. Under physiological conditions, periodontal tissue cells participate in dynamic processes, including differentiation, mineralization, and regeneration. These fundamental activities depend on properly functioning mitochondria, which play a crucial role through bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, and quality control. However, during the initiation and progression of periodontitis, mitochondrial quality control is compromised due to a range of challenges, such as bacterial-host interactions, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Currently, mounting evidence suggests that mitochondria dysfunction serves as a common pathological mechanism linking periodontitis with systemic conditions like type II diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, targeting mitochondria to intervene in periodontitis and multiple associated systemic diseases holds great therapeutic potential. This review provides advanced insights into the interplay between mitochondria, periodontitis, and associated systemic diseases. Moreover, we emphasize the significance of diverse therapeutic modulators and signaling pathways that regulate mitochondrial function in periodontal and systemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Junhong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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5
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Song C, Valeri A, Song F, Ji X, Liao X, Marmo T, Seeley R, Rutter J, Long F. Sexual dimorphism of osteoclast reliance on mitochondrial oxidation of energy substrates in the mouse. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e174293. [PMID: 37917194 PMCID: PMC10807709 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts specialize in bone resorption and are critical for bone remodeling. Previous studies have shown that osteoclasts possess abundant mitochondria and derive most energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). However, the energy substrates fueling OXPHOS in osteoclasts remain to be fully defined. Here, we showed that osteoclast differentiation was coupled with increased oxidation of glucose, glutamine, and oleate. Transcriptomic analyses with RNA sequencing revealed marked upregulation of genes participating in OXPHOS and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, during osteoclast differentiation. Increased mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain fatty acids was required for osteoclast differentiation in vitro. However, blocking fatty acid oxidation in vivo, by deletion of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a) in osteoclast progenitors, impaired osteoclast formation only in the female mice. The Cpt1a-deficient females were further protected from osteoclast activation by a high-fat diet. The males, on the contrary, exhibited normal bone resorption despite Cpt1a deletion, regardless of the dietary fat content. Moreover, concurrent deletion of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 and Cpt1a, blocking mitochondrial oxidation of both glucose and fatty acids in the osteoclast lineage, failed to impede bone resorption in the males. The study therefore uncovers a female-specific dependence on mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids and glucose in osteoclasts in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Arianna Valeri
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fangfang Song
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xing Ji
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xueyang Liao
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tyler Marmo
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca Seeley
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Fanxin Long
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Ledesma-Colunga MG, Passin V, Lademann F, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Novel Insights into Osteoclast Energy Metabolism. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:660-669. [PMID: 37816910 PMCID: PMC10724336 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoclasts are crucial for the dynamic remodeling of bone as they resorb old and damaged bone, making space for new bone. Metabolic reprogramming in these cells not only supports phenotypic changes, but also provides the necessary energy for their highly energy-consuming activity, bone resorption. In this review, we highlight recent developments in our understanding of the metabolic adaptations that influence osteoclast behavior and the overall remodeling of bone tissue. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoclasts undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet the energy demands during their transition from precursor cells to fully mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Recent research has made considerable progress in pinpointing crucial metabolic adaptations and checkpoint proteins in this process. Notably, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxidative respiration were identified as essential pathways involved in osteoclast differentiation, cytoskeletal organization, and resorptive activity. Furthermore, the interaction between these pathways and amino acid and lipid metabolism adds to the complexity of the process. These interconnected processes can function as diverse fuel sources or have independent regulatory effects, significantly influencing osteoclast function. Energy metabolism in osteoclasts involves various substrates and pathways to meet the energetic requirements of osteoclasts throughout their maturation stages. This understanding of osteoclast biology may provide valuable insights for modulating osteoclast activity during the pathogenesis of bone-related disorders and may pave the way for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Ledesma-Colunga
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vanessa Passin
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Lademann
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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DeMambro VE, Tian L, Karthik V, Rosen CJ, Guntur AR. Effects of PTH on osteoblast bioenergetics in response to glucose. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101705. [PMID: 37576927 PMCID: PMC10412867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone acts through its receptor, PTHR1, expressed on osteoblasts, to control bone remodeling. Metabolic flexibility for energy generation has been demonstrated in several cell types dependent on substrate availability. Recent studies have identified a critical role for PTH in regulating glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism thus stimulating both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, we postulated that PTH stimulates increased energetic output by osteoblasts either by increasing glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation depending on substrate availability. To test this hypothesis, undifferentiated and differentiated MC3T3E1C4 calvarial pre-osteoblasts were treated with PTH to study osteoblast bioenergetics in the presence of exogenous glucose. Significant increases in glycolysis with acute ∼1 h PTH treatment with minimal effects on oxidative phosphorylation in undifferentiated MC3T3E1C4 in the presence of exogenous glucose were observed. In differentiated cells, the increased glycolysis observed with acute PTH was completely blocked by pretreatment with a Glut1 inhibitor (BAY-876) resulting in a compensatory increase in oxidative phosphorylation. We then tested the effect of PTH on the function of complexes I and II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the absence of glycolysis. Utilizing a novel cell plasma membrane permeability mitochondrial (PMP) assay, in combination with complex I and II specific substrates, slight but significant increases in basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates with 24 h PTH treatment in undifferentiated MC3T3E1C4 cells were noted. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that PTH stimulates both increases in glycolysis and the function of the electron transport chain, particularly complexes I and II, during high energy demands in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. DeMambro
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Vivin Karthik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Anyonya R. Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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8
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Szrok-Jurga S, Czumaj A, Turyn J, Hebanowska A, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Acyl-CoA Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14857. [PMID: 37834305 PMCID: PMC10573383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism, including β-oxidation (βOX), plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. βOX is an essential process in the energy metabolism of most human cells. Moreover, βOX is also the source of acetyl-CoA, the substrate for (a) ketone bodies synthesis, (b) cholesterol synthesis, (c) phase II detoxication, (d) protein acetylation, and (d) the synthesis of many other compounds, including N-acetylglutamate-an important regulator of urea synthesis. This review describes the current knowledge on the importance of the mitochondrial and peroxisomal βOX in various organs, including the liver, heart, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral white blood cells, and other cells. In addition, the diseases associated with a disturbance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver, heart, kidney, lung, alimentary tract, and other organs or cells are presented. Special attention was paid to abnormalities of FAO in cancer cells and the diseases caused by mutations in gene-encoding enzymes involved in FAO. Finally, issues related to α- and ω- fatty acid oxidation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Institue of Nursing and Medical Rescue, State University of Applied Sciences in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
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9
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Common Regulators of Lipid Metabolism and Bone Marrow Adiposity in Postmenopausal Women. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of metabolic disorders are associated with a decrease in estradiol (E2) during natural or surgical menopause. Postmenopausal women are prone to excessive fat accumulation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue due to the loss of E2 via abnormalities in lipid metabolism and serum lipid levels. In skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, genes related to energy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation, such as those encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), are downregulated, leading to increased fat synthesis and lipid metabolite accumulation. The same genes regulate lipid metabolism abnormalities in the bone marrow. In this review, abnormalities in lipid metabolism caused by E2 deficiency were investigated, with a focus on genes able to simultaneously regulate not only skeletal muscle and adipose tissue but also bone metabolism (e.g., genes encoding PGC-1α and ERRα). In addition, the mechanisms through which mesenchymal stem cells lead to adipocyte differentiation in the bone marrow as well as metabolic processes related to bone marrow adiposity, bone loss, and osteoporosis were evaluated, focusing on the loss of E2 and lipid metabolic alterations. The work reviewed here suggests that genes underlying lipid metabolism and bone marrow adiposity are candidate therapeutic targets for bone loss and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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10
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Bensreti H, Alhamad DW, Gonzalez AM, Pizarro-Mondesir M, Bollag WB, Isales CM, McGee-Lawrence ME. Update on the Role of Glucocorticoid Signaling in Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Adipocytes During Aging. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:32-44. [PMID: 36564571 PMCID: PMC9936962 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in the skeleton likely plays a variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles that are not yet fully understood. In elucidating the complex relationship between bone and BMAT, glucocorticoids (GCs) are positioned to play a key role, as they have been implicated in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) between osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. The purpose of this review is to illuminate aspects of both endogenous and exogenous GC signaling, including the influence of GC receptors, in mechanisms of bone aging including relationships to BMAT. RECENT FINDINGS Harmful effects of GCs on bone mass involve several cellular pathways and events that can include BMSC differentiation bias toward adipogenesis and the influence of mature BMAT on bone remodeling through crosstalk. Interestingly, BMAT involvement remains poorly explored in GC-induced osteoporosis and warrants further investigation. This review provides an update on the current understanding of the role of glucocorticoids in the biology of osteoblasts and bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Bensreti
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dima W Alhamad
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Alejandro Marrero Gonzalez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel Pizarro-Mondesir
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Chougule A, Baroi S, Czernik PJ, Crowe E, Chang MR, Griffin PR, Lecka-Czernik B. Osteocytes contribute via nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha to maintenance of bone and systemic energy metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1145467. [PMID: 37181042 PMCID: PMC10173151 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1145467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The view that bone and energy metabolism are integrated by common regulatory mechanisms is broadly accepted and supported by multiple strands of evidence. This includes the well-characterized role of the PPARγ nuclear receptor, which is a common denominator in energy metabolism and bone metabolism. Little is known, however, about the role of PPARα nuclear receptor, a major regulator of lipid metabolism in other organs, in bone. Methods A side-by-side comparative study of 5-15 mo old mice with global PPARα deficiency (αKO) and mice with osteocyte-specific PPARα deficiency (αOTKO) in order to parse out the various activities of PPARα in the skeleton that are of local and systemic significance. This study included transcriptome analysis of PPARα-deficient osteocytes, and analyses of bone mass and bone microarchitecture, systemic energy metabolism with indirect calorimetry, and differentiation potential of hematopoietic and mesenchymal bone cell progenitors. These analyses were paired with in vitro studies of either intact or silenced for PPARα MLO-A5 cells to determine PPARα role in osteocyte bioenergetics. Results In osteocytes, PPARα controls large number of transcripts coding for signaling and secreted proteins which may regulate bone microenvironment and peripheral fat metabolism. In addition, PPARα in osteocytes controls their bioenergetics and mitochondrial response to stress, which constitutes up to 40% of total PPARα contribution to the global energy metabolism. Similarly to αKO mice, the metabolic phenotype of αOTKO mice (both males and females) is age-dependent. In younger mice, osteocyte metabolism contributes positively to global energetics, however, with aging the high-energy phenotype reverts to a low-energy phenotype and obesity develops, suggesting a longitudinal negative effect of impaired lipid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in osteocytes deficient in PPARα. However, bone phenotype was not affected in αOTKO mice except in the form of an increased volume of marrow adipose tissue in males. In contrast, global PPARα deficiency in αKO mice led to enlarged bone diameter with a proportional increase in number of trabeculae and enlarged marrow cavities; it also altered differentiation of hematopoietic and mesenchymal marrow cells toward osteoclast, osteoblast and adipocyte lineages, respectively. Discussion PPARα role in bone is multileveled and complex. In osteocytes, PPARα controls the bioenergetics of these cells, which significantly contributes to systemic energy metabolism and their endocrine/paracrine function in controlling marrow adiposity and peripheral fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chougule
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Sudipta Baroi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Piotr J. Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emily Crowe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Mi Ra Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Patrick R. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Beata Lecka-Czernik,
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Thapa S, Nandy A, Rendina-Ruedy E. Endocrinal metabolic regulation on the skeletal system in post-menopausal women. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1052429. [PMID: 36439254 PMCID: PMC9691779 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1052429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common endocrinologic disorder characterized as a chronic bone loss condition. Sexual dimorphism is ubiquitous in the incidence of osteoporosis with post-menopausal women being acutely affected. Gonadal sex hormones including estrogen act as crucial regulators of bone mass; therefore, loss of such hormones leads to an imbalance in skeletal turnover leading to osteoporosis. Estrogen can influence both bone formation as well as resorption by reducing osteoblast activity and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, estrogen is a potent regulator of systemic metabolism. Recent studies have provided clues that estrogenic effect on bone might also involve alterations in bone cell metabolism and bioenergetic potential. While direct effects of gonadal hormones ability to alter intracellular metabolism of bone cells has not been studied, there is precedence within the literature that this is occurring and contributing to post-menopausal bone loss. This review aims to serve as a perspective piece detailing the prospective role of gonadal hormones regulating bone cell metabolic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Thapa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ananya Nandy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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