1
|
Leastro MO, Pallás V, Sánchez-Navarro JÁ. The capsid protein of citrus leprosis virus C shows a nuclear distribution and interacts with the nucleolar fibrillarin protein. Virus Res 2024; 340:199297. [PMID: 38070688 PMCID: PMC10758971 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Brevipalpus-transmitted viruses (BTVs) have a significant negative economic impact on the citrus industry in Central and South America. Until now, only a few studies have explored the intracellular distribution and interaction of BTVs-encoded proteins with host factors, particularly for cileviruses, the main BTV responsible for the Citrus Leprosis (CL) disease. This study describes the nuclear localization of citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) capsid protein (p29) and its interaction with the fibrillarin (Fib2) within the nucleolar compartment and cell cytoplasm. Our results, obtained by computer predictions and laser scanning confocal microscopy analyses, including colocalization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) approaches, revealed that a fraction of the p29 is localized in the nucleus and colocalizes with the Fib2 in both the nucleolus and cytosol. The nuclear localization of p29 correlated with a smaller nucleus size. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays confirmed the interactions between p29 and Fib2. The implications of these findings for the functionalities of the cilevirus capsid protein are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Oliveira Leastro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Jesús Ángel Sánchez-Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dietzgen RG, Bejerman NE, Mei Y, Jee CLJ, Chabi-Jesus C, Freitas-Astúa J, Veras SM, Kitajima EW. Joá yellow blotch-associated virus, a new alphanucleorhabdovirus from a wild solanaceous plant in Brazil. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1615-1622. [PMID: 33774730 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We identified a novel plant rhabdovirus infecting native joá (Solanum aculeatissimum) plants in Brazil. Infected plants showed yellow blotches on the leaves, and typical enveloped bacilliform rhabdovirus particles associated with the nucleus were seen in thin sections by electron microscopy. The virus could be graft-transmitted to healthy joá and tomato plants but was not mechanically transmissible. RT-PCR using degenerate plant rhabdovirus L gene primers yielded an amplicon from extracted total RNA, the sequence of which was similar to those of alphanucleorhabdoviruses. Based on close sequence matches, especially with the type member potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV), we adopted a degenerate-primer-walking strategy towards both genome ends. The complete genome of joá yellow blotch-associated virus (JYBaV) is comprised of 12,965 nucleotides, is less than 75% identical to that of its closest relative PYDV, and clusters with PYDV and other alphanucleorhabdoviruses in L protein phylogenetic trees, suggesting that it should be taxonomically classified in a new species in the genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. The genome organization of JYBaV is typical of the 'PYDV-like' subgroup of alphanucleorhabdoviruses, with seven genes (N-X-P-Y-M-G-L) separated by conserved intergenic regions and flanked by partly complementary 3' leader and 5' trailer regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Nicolas E Bejerman
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal-Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), 5020, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yongyu Mei
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Charmaine Lim Jing Jee
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, 04014-900, Brazil.,Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - Solange M Veras
- Departamento de Ciências Fundamentais e Desenvolvimento Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200-Coroado I, Manaus, AM, 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Elliot W Kitajima
- Departmento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Role of Protein Disorder in Nuclear Transport and in Its Subversion by Viruses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122654. [PMID: 33321790 PMCID: PMC7764567 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of host proteins into and out of the nucleus is key to host function. However, nuclear transport is restricted by nuclear pores that perforate the nuclear envelope. Protein intrinsic disorder is an inherent feature of this selective transport barrier and is also a feature of the nuclear transport receptors that facilitate the active nuclear transport of cargo, and the nuclear transport signals on the cargo itself. Furthermore, intrinsic disorder is an inherent feature of viral proteins and viral strategies to disrupt host nucleocytoplasmic transport to benefit their replication. In this review, we highlight the role that intrinsic disorder plays in the nuclear transport of host and viral proteins. We also describe viral subversion mechanisms of the host nuclear transport machinery in which intrinsic disorder is a feature. Finally, we discuss nuclear import and export as therapeutic targets for viral infectious disease.
Collapse
|
4
|
Martin KM, Whitfield AE. Cellular localization and interactions of nucleorhabdovirus proteins are conserved between insect and plant cells. Virology 2018; 523:6-14. [PMID: 30056212 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Maize mosaic virus (MMV), similar to other nucleorhabdoviruses, replicates in divergent hosts: plants and insects. To compare MMV protein localization and interactions, we visualized autofluorescent protein fusions in both cell types. Nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm, phosphoprotein (P) was only found in the nucleus, and 3 (movement) and matrix (M) were present in the cytoplasm. This localization pattern is consistent with the model of nucleorhabdoviral replication of N, P, L and viral RNA forming a complex in the nucleus and the subvirion associating with M and then G during budding into perinuclear space. The comparable localization patterns in both organisms indicates a similar replication cycle. Changes in localization when proteins were co-expressed suggested viral proteins interact thus altering organelle targeting. We documented a limited number of direct protein interactions indicating host factors play a role in the virus protein interactions during the infection cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Martin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bally J, Jung H, Mortimer C, Naim F, Philips JG, Hellens R, Bombarely A, Goodin MM, Waterhouse PM. The Rise and Rise of Nicotiana benthamiana: A Plant for All Reasons. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:405-426. [PMID: 30149789 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A decade ago, the value of Nicotiana benthamiana as a tool for plant molecular biologists was beginning to be appreciated. Scientists were using it to study plant-microbe and protein-protein interactions, and it was the species of choice with which to activate plasmid-encoded viruses, screen for gene functions with virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and transiently express genes by leaf agroinfiltration. However, little information about the species' origin, diversity, genetics, and genomics was available, and biologists were asking the question of whether N. benthamiana is a second fiddle or virtuoso. In this review, we look at the increased knowledge about the species and its applications over the past decade. Although N. benthamiana may still be the sidekick to Arabidopsis, it shines ever more brightly with realized and yet-to-be-exploited potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bally
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Hyungtaek Jung
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Cara Mortimer
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Fatima Naim
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Joshua G Philips
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Roger Hellens
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0002, USA
| | - Michael M Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA;
| | - Peter M Waterhouse
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 4001 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Wang J, Xie Y, Fu Z, Wei T, Zhang XF. Development of leafhopper cell culture to trace the early infection process of a nucleorhabdovirus, rice yellow stunt virus, in insect vector cells. Virol J 2018; 15:72. [PMID: 29678167 PMCID: PMC5910589 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, the rice pathogen Rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV), a member of the genus Nucleorhabdovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae, was a severe threat to rice production during the1960s and1970s. Fundamental aspects of the biology of this virus such as protein localization and formation of the RYSV viroplasm during infection of insect vector cells are largely unexplored. The specific role(s) of the structural proteins nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) in the assembly of the viroplasm during RYSV infection in insect vector is also unclear. Methods In present study, we used continuous leafhopper cell culture, immunocytochemical techniques, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the subcellular distributions of N and P during RYSV infection. Both GST pull-down assay and yeast two-hybrid assay were used to assess the in vitro interaction of N and P. The dsRNA interference assay was performed to study the functional roles of N and P in the assembly of RYSV viroplasm. Results Here we demonstrated that N and P colocalized in the nucleus of RYSV-infected Nephotettix cincticeps cell and formed viroplasm-like structures (VpLSs). The transiently expressed N and P are sufficient to form VpLSs in the Sf9 cells. In addition, the interactions of N/P, N/N and P/P were confirmed in vitro. More interestingly, the accumulation of RYSV was significantly reduced when the transcription of N gene or P gene was knocked down by dsRNA treatment. Conclusions In summary, our results suggest that N and P are the main viral factors responsible for the formation of viroplasm in RYSV-infected insect cells. Early during RYSV infection in the insect vector, N and P interacted with each other in the nucleus to form viroplasm-like structures, which are essential for the infection of RYSV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-0987-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Xie
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Fu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anderson G, Jang C, Wang R, Goodin M. Mapping the nuclear localization signal in the matrix protein of potato yellow dwarf virus. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:743-752. [PMID: 29616892 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the matrix (M) protein of potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV) to remodel nuclear membranes is controlled by a di-leucine motif located at residues 223 and 224 of its primary structure. This function can be uncoupled from that of its nuclear localization signal (NLS), which is controlled primarily by lysine and arginine residues immediately downstream of the LL motif. In planta localization of green fluorescent protein fusions, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays with nuclear import receptor importin-α1 and yeast-based nuclear import assays provided three independent experimental approaches to validate the authenticity of the M-NLS. The carboxy terminus of M is predicted to contain a nuclear export signal, which is belived to be functional, given the ability of M to bind the Arabidopsis nuclear export receptor 1 (XPO1). The nuclear shuttle activity of M has implications for the cell-to-cell movement of PYDV nucleocapsids, based upon its interaction with the N and Y proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Anderson
- Anderson Craft Ales, 1030 Elias St, London, ON N5W 3P6, Canada
| | - Chanyong Jang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Renyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
A group of related bacilliform, nuclear viruses with a bisegmented negative-sense RNA genome that are transmitted by Brevipalpus mites likely in a circulative-propagative manner were recently classified in the new genus Dichorhavirus, family Rhabdoviridae. These viruses cause localized lesions on leaves, stems, and fruits of economically significant horticultural and ornamental plant species. Among its members, orchid fleck virus, citrus leprosis virus N, and coffee ringspot virus are most prominent. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about these viruses, available detection techniques, and their interactions with their plant hosts and mite vectors.
Collapse
|
9
|
Goodin MM. Protein Localization and Interaction Studies in Plants: Toward Defining Complete Proteomes by Visualization. Adv Virus Res 2017; 100:117-144. [PMID: 29551133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein interaction and localization studies in plants are a fundamental component of achieving mechanistic understanding of virus:plant interactions at the systems level. Many such studies are conducted using transient expression assays in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, the most widely used experimental plant host in virology, examined by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. This chapter provides a workflow for protein interaction and localization experiments, with particular attention to the many control and supporting assays that may also need to be performed. Basic principles of microscopy are introduced to aid researchers in the early stages of adding imaging techniques to their experimental repertoire. Three major types of imaging-based experiments are discussed in detail: (i) protein localization using autofluorescent proteins, (ii) colocalization studies, and (iii) bimolecular fluorescence complementation, with emphasis on judicious interpretation of the data obtained from these approaches. In addition to establishing a general framework for protein localization experiments in plants, the need for proteome-scale localization projects is discussed, with emphasis on nuclear-localized proteins.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jang C, Wang R, Wells J, Leon F, Farman M, Hammond J, Goodin MM. Genome sequence variation in the constricta strain dramatically alters the protein interaction and localization map of Potato yellow dwarf virus. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1526-1536. [PMID: 28635588 PMCID: PMC5656794 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome sequence of the constricta strain of Potato yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) was determined to be 12 792 nt long and organized into seven ORFs with the gene order 3'-N-X-P-Y-M-G-L-5', which encodes the nucleocapsid, phospho, movement, matrix, glyco, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins, respectively, except for X, which is of unknown function. Cloned ORFs for each gene, except L, were used to construct a protein interaction and localization map (PILM) for this virus, which shares greater than 80 % amino acid similarity in all ORFs except X and P with the sanguinolenta strain of this species (SYDV). Protein localization patterns and interactions unique to each viral strain were identified, resulting in strain-specific PILMs. Localization of CYDV and SYDV proteins in virus-infected cells mapped subcellular loci likely to be sites of replication, morphogenesis and movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanyong Jang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Renyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joseph Wells
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Fabian Leon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mark Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John Hammond
- USDA-ARS, United States National Arboretum, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Michael M. Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dietzgen RG, Kondo H, Goodin MM, Kurath G, Vasilakis N. The family Rhabdoviridae: mono- and bipartite negative-sense RNA viruses with diverse genome organization and common evolutionary origins. Virus Res 2017; 227:158-170. [PMID: 27773769 PMCID: PMC5124403 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The family Rhabdoviridae consists of mostly enveloped, bullet-shaped or bacilliform viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that infect vertebrates, invertebrates or plants. This ecological diversity is reflected by the diversity and complexity of their genomes. Five canonical structural protein genes are conserved in all rhabdoviruses, but may be overprinted, overlapped or interspersed with several novel and diverse accessory genes. This review gives an overview of the characteristics and diversity of rhabdoviruses, their taxonomic classification, replication mechanism, properties of classical rhabdoviruses such as rabies virus and rhabdoviruses with complex genomes, rhabdoviruses infecting aquatic species, and plant rhabdoviruses with both mono- and bipartite genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Michael M Goodin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Gael Kurath
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Centre, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jackson AO, Li Z. Developments in Plant Negative-Strand RNA Virus Reverse Genetics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 54:469-498. [PMID: 27359368 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-095909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, breakthroughs for reverse genetics analyses of negative-strand RNA (NSR) viruses were achieved by devising conditions for generation of infectious viruses in susceptible cells. Recombinant strategies have subsequently been engineered for members of all vertebrate NSR virus families, and research arising from these advances has profoundly increased understanding of infection cycles, pathogenesis, and complexities of host interactions of animal NSR viruses. These strategies also permitted development of many applications, including attenuated vaccines and delivery vehicles for therapeutic and biotechnology proteins. However, for a variety of reasons, it was difficult to devise procedures for reverse genetics analyses of plant NSR viruses. In this review, we discuss advances that have circumvented these problems and resulted in construction of a recombinant system for Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus. We also discuss possible extensions to other plant NSR viruses as well as the applications that may emanate from recombinant analyses of these pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Jackson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mann KS, Johnson KN, Carroll BJ, Dietzgen RG. Cytorhabdovirus P protein suppresses RISC-mediated cleavage and RNA silencing amplification in planta. Virology 2016; 490:27-40. [PMID: 26808923 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses have evolved to undermine the RNA silencing pathway by expressing suppressor protein(s) that interfere with one or more key components of this antiviral defense. Here we show that the recently identified RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) of lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV), phosphoprotein P, binds to RNA silencing machinery proteins AGO1, AGO2, AGO4, RDR6 and SGS3 in protein-protein interaction assays when transiently expressed. In planta, we demonstrate that LNYV P inhibits miRNA-guided AGO1 cleavage and translational repression, and RDR6/SGS3-dependent amplification of silencing. Analysis of LNYV P deletion mutants identified a C-terminal protein domain essential for both local RNA silencing suppression and interaction with AGO1, AGO2, AGO4, RDR6 and SGS3. In contrast to other viral RSS known to disrupt AGO activity, LNYV P sequence does not contain any recognizable GW/WG or F-box motifs. This suggests that LNYV P may represent a new class of AGO binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krin S Mann
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karyn N Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bernard J Carroll
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roy A, Stone AL, Shao J, Otero-Colina G, Wei G, Choudhary N, Achor D, Levy L, Nakhla MK, Hartung JS, Schneider WL, Brlansky RH. Identification and Molecular Characterization of Nuclear Citrus leprosis virus, a Member of the Proposed Dichorhavirus Genus Infecting Multiple Citrus Species in Mexico. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2015; 105:564-75. [PMID: 25423071 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-14-0245-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Citrus leprosis is one of the most destructive diseases of Citrus spp. and is associated with two unrelated virus groups that produce particles primarily in either the cytoplasm or nucleus of infected plant cells. Symptoms of leprosis, including chlorotic spots surrounded by yellow haloes on leaves and necrotic spots on twigs and fruit, were observed on leprosis-affected mandarin and navel sweet orange trees in the state of Querétaro, Mexico. Serological and molecular assays showed that the cytoplasmic types of Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV-C) often associated with leprosis symptomatic tissues were absent. However, using transmission electron microscopy, bullet-shaped rhabdovirus-like virions were observed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the citrus leprosis-infected leaf tissues. An analysis of small RNA populations from symptomatic tissue was carried out to determine the genome sequence of the rhabdovirus-like particles observed in the citrus leprosis samples. The complete genome sequence showed that the nuclear type of CiLV (CiLV-N) present in the samples consisted of two negative-sense RNAs: 6,268-nucleotide (nt)-long RNA1 and 5,847-nt-long RNA2, excluding the poly(A) tails. CiLV-N had a genome organization identical to that of Orchid fleck virus (OFV), with the exception of shorter 5' untranslated regions in RNA1 (53 versus 205 nt) and RNA2 (34 versus 182 nt). Phylogenetic trees constructed with the amino acid sequences of the nucleocapsid (N) and glycoproteins (G) and the RNA polymerase (L protein) showed that CiLV-N clusters with OFV. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of N protein established CiLV-N as a member of the proposed genus Dichorhavirus. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction primers for the detection of CiLV-N were designed based on the sequence of the N gene and the assay was optimized and tested to detect the presence of CiLV-N in both diseased and symptom-free plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Roy
- First, sixth, seventh, and twelfth authors: University of Florida, IFAS, Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL; second and eleventh authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit (FDWSRU), Fort Detrick, MD; third and tenth authors: USDA-ARS, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory (MPPL), Beltsville, MD; fourth author: Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. De Mex., CP 56230, México; fifth and ninth authors: USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)-Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ)-Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CSIRO), Beltsville, MD; and eighth author: USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST, Riverdale, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramalho T, Figueira A, Sotero A, Wang R, Geraldino Duarte P, Farman M, Goodin M. Characterization of Coffee ringspot virus-Lavras: A model for an emerging threat to coffee production and quality. Virology 2014; 464-465:385-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
16
|
Mann KS, Dietzgen RG. Plant rhabdoviruses: new insights and research needs in the interplay of negative-strand RNA viruses with plant and insect hosts. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1889-900. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Kondo H, Chiba S, Andika IB, Maruyama K, Tamada T, Suzuki N. Orchid fleck virus structural proteins N and P form intranuclear viroplasm-like structures in the absence of viral infection. J Virol 2013; 87:7423-34. [PMID: 23616651 PMCID: PMC3700308 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00270-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchid fleck virus (OFV) has a unique two-segmented negative-sense RNA genome that resembles that of plant nucleorhabdoviruses. In infected plant cells, OFV and nucleorhabdoviruses induce an intranuclear electron-lucent viroplasm that is believed to be the site for virus replication. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which OFV viroplasms are produced in vivo. Among OFV-encoded proteins, the nucleocapsid protein (N) and the putative phosphoprotein (P) were present in nuclear fractions of OFV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Transient coexpression of N and P, in the absence of virus infection, was shown to be sufficient for formation of an intranuclear viroplasm-like structure in plant cells. When expressed independently as a fluorescent protein fusion product in uninfected plant cells, N protein accumulated throughout the cell, while P protein accumulated in the nucleus. However, the N protein, when coexpressed with P, was recruited to a subnuclear region to induce a large viroplasm-like focus. Deletion and substitution mutagenesis demonstrated that the P protein contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Artificial nuclear targeting of the N-protein mutant was insufficient for formation of viroplasm-like structures in the absence of P. A bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay confirmed interactions between the N and P proteins within subnuclear viroplasm-like foci and interactions of two of the N. benthamiana importin-α homologues with the P protein but not with the N protein. Taken together, our results suggest that viroplasm formation by OFV requires nuclear accumulation of both the N and P proteins, which is mediated by P-NLS, unlike nucleorhabdovirus viroplasm utilizing the NLS on protein N.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
[Plant rhabdoviruses with bipartite genomes]. Uirusu 2013; 63:143-54. [PMID: 25366049 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.63.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Members of the family Rhabdoviridae (order Mononegavirales) have a broad range of hosts, including humans, livestock, fish, plants, and invertebrates. They have a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA as the genome. Orchid fleck virus (OFV) is distributed world-wide on several orchid plants and transmitted by the false spider mite, Brevipalpus californicus. Based on its virions morphology and cytopathic effects in the infected cells, OFV was tentatively placed as unassigned plant rhabdoviruses in the sixth ICTV Report. However, the molecular studies reveled that OFV has a unique two-segmented negative-sense RNA genome that resembles monopartite genomes of plant nucleorhabdoviruses. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the genome structure and gene expression strategy of OFV, the possible mechanism of nuclear viroplasm formation, and the taxonomical consideration of the virus as well.
Collapse
|
19
|
Coat proteins, host factors and plant viral replication. Curr Opin Virol 2012; 2:712-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|