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Bearne SL. Biochemical communication between filament-forming enzymes: Potential Regulatory Roles of Metabolites in Enzyme Co-assemblies with CTP Synthase. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2400063. [PMID: 38975656 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A host of metabolic enzymes reversibly self-assemble to form membrane-less, intracellular filaments under normal physiological conditions and in response to stress. Often, these enzymes reside at metabolic control points, suggesting that filament formation affords an additional regulatory mechanism. Examples include cytidine-5'-triphosphate (CTP) synthase (CTPS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step for the de novo biosynthesis of CTP; inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), which controls biosynthetic access to guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP); and ∆1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthase (P5CS) that catalyzes the formation of P5C, which links the Krebs cycle, urea cycle, and proline metabolism. Intriguingly, CTPS can exist in co-assemblies with IMPDH or P5CS. Since GTP is an allosteric activator of CTPS, the association of CTPS and IMPDH filaments accords with the need to coordinate pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis. Herein, a hypothesis is presented furnishing a biochemical connection underlying co-assembly of CTPS and P5CS filaments - potent inhibition of CTPS by glutamate γ-semialdehyde, the open-chain form of P5C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Bearne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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2
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Hernández ML, Jiménez-López J, Cejudo FJ, Pérez-Ruiz JM. 2-Cys peroxiredoxins contribute to thylakoid lipid unsaturation by affecting ω-3 fatty acid desaturase 8. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1521-1535. [PMID: 38386701 PMCID: PMC11142380 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid unsaturation levels affect chloroplast function and plant acclimation to environmental cues. However, the regulatory mechanism(s) controlling fatty acid unsaturation in thylakoid lipids is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the connection between chloroplast redox homeostasis and lipid metabolism by focusing on 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs), which play a central role in balancing the redox state within the organelle. The chloroplast redox network relies on NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC), which controls the redox balance of 2-Cys Prxs to maintain the reductive activity of redox-regulated enzymes. Our results show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in 2-Cys Prxs contain decreased levels of trienoic fatty acids, mainly in chloroplast lipids, indicating that these enzymes contribute to thylakoid membrane lipids unsaturation. This function of 2-Cys Prxs is independent of NTRC, the main reductant of these enzymes, hence 2-Cys Prxs operates beyond the classic chloroplast regulatory redox system. Moreover, the effect of 2-Cys Prxs on lipid metabolism is primarily exerted through the prokaryotic pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis and fatty acid desaturase 8 (FAD8). While 2-Cys Prxs and FAD8 interact in leaf membranes as components of a large protein complex, the levels of FAD8 were markedly decreased when FAD8 is overexpressed in 2-Cys Prxs-deficient mutant backgrounds. These findings reveal a function for 2-Cys Prxs, possibly acting as a scaffold protein, affecting the unsaturation degree of chloroplast membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia Jiménez-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Xiao G, Zhao M, Liu Q, Zhou J, Cheng Z, Wang Q, Xia G, Wang M. TaBAS1 encoding a typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin enhances salt tolerance in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152375. [PMID: 36998677 PMCID: PMC10043318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient antioxidant enzymatic system contributes to salt tolerance of plants via avoiding ROS over-accumulation. Peroxiredoxins are crucial components of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging machinery in plant cells, but whether they offer salt tolerance with potential for germplasm improvement has not been well addressed in wheat. In this work, we confirmed the role of a wheat 2-Cys peroxiredoxin gene TaBAS1 that was identified through the proteomic analysis. TaBAS1 overexpression enhanced the salt tolerance of wheat at both germination and seedling stages. TaBAS1 overexpression enhanced the tolerance to oxidative stress, promoted the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes, and reduced ROS accumulation under salt stress. TaBAS1 overexpression promoted the activity of ROS production associated NADPH oxidase, and the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity abolished the role of TaBAS1 in salt and oxidative tolerance. Moreover, the inhibition of NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C activity erased the performance of TaBAS1 in the tolerance to salt and oxidative stress. The ectopic expression of TaBAS1 in Arabidopsis exhibited the same performance, showing the conserved role of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins in salt tolerance in plants. TaBAS1 overexpression enhanced the grain yield of wheat under salt stress but not the control condition, not imposing the trade-offs between yield and tolerance. Thus, TaBAS1 could be used for molecular breeding of wheat with superior salt tolerance.
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4
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Cejudo FJ, González MC, Pérez-Ruiz JM. Redox regulation of chloroplast metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:9-21. [PMID: 33793865 PMCID: PMC8154093 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of enzyme activity based on thiol-disulfide exchange is a regulatory mechanism in which the protein disulfide reductase activity of thioredoxins (TRXs) plays a central role. Plant chloroplasts are equipped with a complex set of up to 20 TRXs and TRX-like proteins, the activity of which is supported by reducing power provided by photosynthetically reduced ferredoxin (FDX) with the participation of a FDX-dependent TRX reductase (FTR). Therefore, the FDX-FTR-TRXs pathway allows the regulation of redox-sensitive chloroplast enzymes in response to light. In addition, chloroplasts contain an NADPH-dependent redox system, termed NTRC, which allows the use of NADPH in the redox network of these organelles. Genetic approaches using mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in combination with biochemical and physiological studies have shown that both redox systems, NTRC and FDX-FTR-TRXs, participate in fine-tuning chloroplast performance in response to changes in light intensity. Moreover, these studies revealed the participation of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2-Cys PRX), a thiol-dependent peroxidase, in the control of the reducing activity of chloroplast TRXs as well as in the rapid oxidation of stromal enzymes upon darkness. In this review, we provide an update on recent findings regarding the redox regulatory network of plant chloroplasts, focusing on the functional relationship of 2-Cys PRXs with NTRC and the FDX-FTR-TRXs redox systems for fine-tuning chloroplast performance in response to changes in light intensity and darkness. Finally, we consider redox regulation as an additional layer of control of the signaling function of the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Author for communication:
| | - María-Cruz González
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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5
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Buey RM, Fernández-Justel D, González-Holgado G, Martínez-Júlvez M, González-López A, Velázquez-Campoy A, Medina M, Buchanan BB, Balsera M. Unexpected diversity of ferredoxin-dependent thioredoxin reductases in cyanobacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:285-296. [PMID: 33599267 PMCID: PMC8154056 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductases control the redox state of thioredoxins (Trxs)-ubiquitous proteins that regulate a spectrum of enzymes by dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. In most organisms, Trx is reduced by NADPH via a thioredoxin reductase flavoenzyme (NTR), but in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, this function can also be performed by an iron-sulfur ferredoxin (Fdx)-dependent thioredoxin reductase (FTR) that links light to metabolic regulation. We have recently found that some cyanobacteria, such as the thylakoid-less Gloeobacter and the ocean-dwelling green oxyphotobacterium Prochlorococcus, lack NTR and FTR but contain a thioredoxin reductase flavoenzyme (formerly tentatively called deeply-rooted thioredoxin reductase or DTR), whose electron donor remained undefined. Here, we demonstrate that Fdx functions in this capacity and report the crystallographic structure of the transient complex between the plant-type Fdx1 and the thioredoxin reductase flavoenzyme from Gloeobacter violaceus. Thereby, our data demonstrate that this cyanobacterial enzyme belongs to the Fdx flavin-thioredoxin reductase (FFTR) family, originally described in the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum. Accordingly, the enzyme hitherto termed DTR is renamed FFTR. Our experiments further show that the redox-sensitive peptide CP12 is modulated in vitro by the FFTR/Trx system, demonstrating that FFTR functionally substitutes for FTR in light-linked enzyme regulation in Gloeobacter. Altogether, we demonstrate the FFTR is spread within the cyanobacteria phylum and propose that, by substituting for FTR, it connects the reduction of target proteins to photosynthesis. Besides, the results indicate that FFTR acquisition constitutes a mechanism of evolutionary adaptation in marine phytoplankton such as Prochlorococcus that live in low-iron environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén M Buey
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - David Fernández-Justel
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Gloria González-Holgado
- Department of Abiotic Stress, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Júlvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (GBsC-CSIC and BIFI-IQFR Joint Units), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Adrián González-López
- Department of Abiotic Stress, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Adrián Velázquez-Campoy
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (GBsC-CSIC and BIFI-IQFR Joint Units), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS-Aragon), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Digestive and Hepatic Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain, Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (GBsC-CSIC and BIFI-IQFR Joint Units), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Bob B Buchanan
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Digestive and Hepatic Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Monica Balsera
- Department of Abiotic Stress, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca 37008, Spain
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6
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Lee Y, Szymanski DB. Multimerization variants as potential drivers of neofunctionalization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf0984. [PMID: 33771868 PMCID: PMC7997512 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplications are common during evolution, creating genetic redundancy that can enable cellular innovations. Novel protein-protein interactions provide a route to diversified gene functions, but, at present, there is limited proteome-scale knowledge on the extent to which variability in protein complex formation drives neofunctionalization. Here, we used protein correlation profiling to test for variability in apparent mass among thousands of orthologous proteins isolated from diverse species and cell types. Variants in protein complex size were unexpectedly common, in some cases appearing after relatively recent whole-genome duplications or an allopolyploidy event. In other instances, variants such as those in the carbonic anhydrase orthologous group reflected the neofunctionalization of ancient paralogs that have been preserved in extant species. Our results demonstrate that homo- and heteromer formation have the potential to drive neofunctionalization in diverse classes of enzymes, signaling, and structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Lee
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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7
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Yu J, Li Y, Qin Z, Guo S, Li Y, Miao Y, Song C, Chen S, Dai S. Plant Chloroplast Stress Response: Insights from Thiol Redox Proteomics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:35-57. [PMID: 31989831 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Plant chloroplasts generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthesis, especially under stresses. The sulfhydryl groups of protein cysteine residues are susceptible to redox modifications, which regulate protein structure and function, and thus different signaling and metabolic processes. The ROS-governed protein thiol redox switches play important roles in chloroplasts. Recent Advances: Various high-throughput thiol redox proteomic approaches have been developed, and they have enabled the improved understanding of redox regulatory mechanisms in chloroplasts. For example, the thioredoxin-modulated antioxidant enzymes help to maintain cellular ROS homeostasis. The light- and dark-dependent redox regulation of photosynthetic electron transport, the Calvin/Benson cycle, and starch biosynthesis ensures metabolic coordination and efficient energy utilization. In addition, redox cascades link the light with the dynamic changes of metabolites in nitrate and sulfur assimilation, shikimate pathway, and biosynthesis of fatty acid hormone as well as purine, pyrimidine, and thiamine. Importantly, redox regulation of tetrapyrrole and chlorophyll biosynthesis is critical to balance the photodynamic tetrapyrrole intermediates and prevent oxidative damage. Moreover, redox regulation of diverse elongation factors, chaperones, and kinases plays an important role in the modulation of gene expression, protein conformation, and posttranslational modification that contribute to photosystem II (PSII) repair, state transition, and signaling in chloroplasts. Critical Issues: This review focuses on recent advances in plant thiol redox proteomics and redox protein networks toward understanding plant chloroplast signaling, metabolism, and stress responses. Future Directions: Using redox proteomics integrated with biochemical and molecular genetic approaches, detailed studies of cysteine residues, their redox states, cross talk with other modifications, and the functional implications will yield a holistic understanding of chloroplast stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yu
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi Qin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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8
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Qiu X, Chen C, Shimasaki Y, Mukai K, Teramoto A, Wu M, Oshima Y. Time-series responses in photosynthetic activity, 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin gene expression, and proteomics of Chattonella marina var. antiqua under different oxidative stress. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 94:101808. [PMID: 32414504 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chattonella spp. are known to produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, little is known about the mechanisms involved in mitigating the intracellular accumulation of ROS. In this study, a time-series of biological responses in C. marina var. antiqua under different oxidative stress conditions, induced by adding H2O2 at the initial concentrations of 100 and 500 µM, was investigated. Although the added exogenous H2O2 was rapidly consumed at 3 h post-exposure (hpe), intracellular ROS levels were enhanced in the 500 µM H2O2 group but decreased in the 100 µM H2O2 group. Accompanied by increased intracellular ROS levels, the photosynthetic activity of C. marina var. antiqua was considerably inhibited in the 500 µM H2O2 group, but not in the 100 µM H2O2 group. The Fv/Fm ratio and PIABS were negatively correlated with the intracellular ROS level, while the ABS/RC, TR0/RC, and DI0/RC were positively correlated with the intracellular ROS level. Expression of the gene encoding 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) was up-regulated in 100 µM H2O2 group at 6 hpe, but was down-regulated in 100 µM H2O2 group at 3 and 6 hpe. A negative relationship between the 2-Cys Prx transcript levels and intracellular ROS levels was detected. Results of the 2-DE proteomic analysis confirmed that the 500 µM H2O2 treatment down-regulated the expression of 2-Cys Prx and induced more damage to photosynthetic abilities of C. marina var. antiqua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Koki Mukai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ayano Teramoto
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Park CK, Horton NC. Structures, functions, and mechanisms of filament forming enzymes: a renaissance of enzyme filamentation. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:927-994. [PMID: 31734826 PMCID: PMC6874960 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filament formation by non-cytoskeletal enzymes has been known for decades, yet only relatively recently has its wide-spread role in enzyme regulation and biology come to be appreciated. This comprehensive review summarizes what is known for each enzyme confirmed to form filamentous structures in vitro, and for the many that are known only to form large self-assemblies within cells. For some enzymes, studies describing both the in vitro filamentous structures and cellular self-assembly formation are also known and described. Special attention is paid to the detailed structures of each type of enzyme filament, as well as the roles the structures play in enzyme regulation and in biology. Where it is known or hypothesized, the advantages conferred by enzyme filamentation are reviewed. Finally, the similarities, differences, and comparison to the SgrAI endonuclease system are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad K. Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Nancy C. Horton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
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10
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Lee ES, Kang CH, Park JH, Lee SY. Physiological Significance of Plant Peroxiredoxins and the Structure-Related and Multifunctional Biochemistry of Peroxiredoxin 1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:625-639. [PMID: 29113450 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sessile plants respond to oxidative stress caused by internal and external stimuli by producing diverse forms of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant molecules. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) in plants, including the Prx1, Prx5, Prx6, and PrxQ isoforms, constitute a family of antioxidant enzymes and play important functions in cells. Each Prx localizes to a specific subcellular compartment and has a distinct function in the control of plant growth, development, cellular metabolism, and various aspects of defense signaling. Recent Advances: Prx1, a typical Prx in plant chloroplasts, has redox-dependent multiple functions. It acts as a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-catalyzing peroxidase, a molecular chaperone, and a biological circadian marker. Prx1 undergoes a functional switching from a peroxidase to a molecular chaperone in response to oxidative stress, concomitant with the structural changes from a low-molecular-weight species to high-molecular-weight complexes mediated by the post-translational modification of its active site Cys residues. The redox status of the protein oscillates diurnally between hyperoxidation and reduction, showing a circadian rhythmic output. These dynamic structural and functional transformations mediate the effect of plant Prx1 on protecting plants from a myriad of harsh environmental stresses. CRITICAL ISSUES The multifunctional diversity of plant Prxs and their roles in cellular defense signaling depends on their specific interaction partners, which remain largely unidentified. Therefore, the identification of Prx-interacting proteins is necessary to clarify their physiological significance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Since the functional specificity of the four plant Prx isoforms remains unclear, future studies should focus on investigating the physiological importance of each Prx isotype. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 625-639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea
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11
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Sánchez-Riego AM, Mata-Cabana A, Galmozzi CV, Florencio FJ. NADPH-Thioredoxin Reductase C Mediates the Response to Oxidative Stress and Thermotolerance in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1283. [PMID: 27588019 PMCID: PMC4988983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) is a bimodular enzyme composed of an NADPH-thioredoxin reductase and a thiioredoxin domain extension in the same protein. In plants, NTRC has been described to be involved in the protection of the chloroplast against oxidative stress damage through reduction of the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) as well as through other functions related to redox enzyme regulation. In cyanobacteria, the Anabaena NTRC has been characterized in vitro, however, nothing was known about its in vivo function. In order to study that, we have generated the first knockout mutant strain (ΔntrC), apart from the previously described in Arabidopsis. Detailed characterization of this strain reveals a differential sensitivity to oxidative stress treatments with respect to the wild-type Anabaena strain, including a higher level of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in normal growth conditions. In the mutant strain, different oxidative stress treatments such as hydrogen peroxide, methyl-viologen or high light irradiance provoke an increase in the expression of genes related to ROS detoxification, including AnNTRC and peroxiredoxin genes, with a concomitant increase in the amount of AnNTRC and 2-Cys Prx. Moreover, the role of AnNTRC in the antioxidant response is confirmed by the observation of a pronounced overoxidation of the 2-Cys Prx and a time-delay recovery of the reduced form of this protein upon oxidative stress treatments. Our results suggest the participation of this enzyme in the peroxide detoxification in Anabaena. In addition, we describe the role of Anabaena NTRC in thermotolerance, by the appearance of high molecular mass AnNTRC complexes, showing that the mutant strain is more sensitive to high temperature treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Sánchez-Riego
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Mata-Cabana
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Seville, Spain
| | - Carla V Galmozzi
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Florencio
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Seville, Spain
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12
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Nikkanen L, Toivola J, Rintamäki E. Crosstalk between chloroplast thioredoxin systems in regulation of photosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1691-705. [PMID: 26831830 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) mediate light-dependent activation of primary photosynthetic reactions in plant chloroplasts by reducing disulphide bridges in redox-regulated enzymes. Of the two plastid TRX systems, the ferredoxin-TRX system consists of ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR) and multiple TRXs, while the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTRC) contains a complete TRX system in a single polypeptide. Using Arabidopsis plants overexpressing or lacking a functional NTRC, we have investigated the redundancy and interaction between the NTRC and Fd-TRX systems in regulation of photosynthesis in vivo. Overexpression of NTRC raised the CO2 fixation rate and lowered non-photochemical quenching and acceptor side limitation of PSI in low light conditions by enhancing the activation of chloroplast ATP synthase and TRX-regulated enzymes in Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC). Overexpression of NTRC with an inactivated NTR or TRX domain partly recovered the phenotype of knockout plants, suggesting crosstalk between the plastid TRX systems. NTRC interacted in planta with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoribulokinase and CF1 γ subunit of the ATP synthase and with several chloroplast TRXs. These findings indicate that NTRC-mediated regulation of the CBC and ATP synthesis occurs both directly and through interaction with the ferredoxin-TRX system and is crucial when availability of light is limiting photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Jouni Toivola
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Eevi Rintamäki
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
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13
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Naranjo B, Diaz-Espejo A, Lindahl M, Cejudo FJ. Type-f thioredoxins have a role in the short-term activation of carbon metabolism and their loss affects growth under short-day conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1951-64. [PMID: 26842981 PMCID: PMC4783373 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Redox regulation plays a central role in the adaptation of chloroplast metabolism to light. Extensive biochemical analyses in vitro have identified f-type thioredoxins (Trxs) as the most important catalysts for light-dependent reduction and activation of the enzymes of the Calvin-Benson cycle. However, the precise function of type f Trxs in vivo and their impact on plant growth are still poorly known. To address this issue we have generated an Arabidopsis thaliana double knock-out mutant, termed trxf1f2, devoid of both f1 and f2 Trxs. Despite the essential function previously proposed for f-type Trxs, the visible phenotype of the trxf1f2 double mutant was virtually indistinguishable from the wild type when grown under a long-day photoperiod. However, the Trx f-deficient plants showed growth inhibition under a short-day photoperiod which was not rescued at high light intensity. The absence of f-type Trxs led to significantly lower photosynthetic electron transport rates and higher levels of non-photochemical energy quenching. Notably, the Trx f null mutant suffered from a shortage of photosystem I electron acceptors and delayed activation of carbon dioxide fixation following a dark-light transition. Two redox-regulated Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and Rubisco activase, showed retarded and incomplete reduction in the double mutant upon illumination, compared with wild-type plants. These results show that the function of f-type Trxs in the rapid activation of carbon metabolism in response to light is not entirely compensated for by additional plastid redox systems, and suggest that these Trxs have an important role in the light adjustment of photosynthetic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Naranjo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marika Lindahl
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
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14
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Puerto-Galán L, Pérez-Ruiz JM, Guinea M, Cejudo FJ. The contribution of NADPH thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) and sulfiredoxin to 2-Cys peroxiredoxin overoxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2957-66. [PMID: 25560178 PMCID: PMC4423512 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a harmful by-product of photosynthesis, which also has important signalling activity. Therefore, the level of hydrogen peroxide needs to be tightly controlled. Chloroplasts harbour different antioxidant systems including enzymes such as the 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prxs). Under oxidizing conditions, 2-Cys Prxs are susceptible to inactivation by overoxidation of their peroxidatic cysteine, which is enzymatically reverted by sulfiredoxin (Srx). In chloroplasts, the redox status of 2-Cys Prxs is highly dependent on NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) and Srx; however, the relationship of these activities in determining the level of 2-Cys Prx overoxidation is unknown. Here we have addressed this question by a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches. An Arabidopsis thaliana double knockout mutant lacking NTRC and Srx shows a phenotype similar to the ntrc mutant, while the srx mutant resembles wild-type plants. The deficiency of NTRC causes reduced overoxidation of 2-Cys Prxs, whereas the deficiency of Srx has the opposite effect. Moreover, in vitro analyses show that the disulfide bond linking the resolving and peroxidatic cysteines protects the latter from overoxidation, thus explaining the dominant role of NTRC on the level of 2-Cys Prx overoxidation in vivo. The overoxidation of chloroplast 2-Cys Prxs shows no circadian oscillation, in agreement with the fact that neither the NTRC nor the SRX genes show circadian regulation of expression. Additionally, the low level of 2-Cys Prx overoxidation in the ntrc mutant is light dependent, suggesting that the redox status of 2-Cys Prxs in chloroplasts depends on light rather than the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Puerto-Galán
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M Pérez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Guinea
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
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15
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Awad J, Stotz HU, Fekete A, Krischke M, Engert C, Havaux M, Berger S, Mueller MJ. 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase create a water-water cycle that is essential to protect the photosynthetic apparatus under high light stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1592-603. [PMID: 25667319 PMCID: PMC4378167 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.255356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Different peroxidases, including 2-cysteine (2-Cys) peroxiredoxins (PRXs) and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX), have been proposed to be involved in the water-water cycle (WWC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated signaling in plastids. We generated an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) double-mutant line deficient in the two plastid 2-Cys PRXs (2-Cys PRX A and B, 2cpa 2cpb) and a triple mutant deficient in 2-Cys PRXs and tAPX (2cpa 2cpb tapx). In contrast to wild-type and tapx single-knockout plants, 2cpa 2cpb double-knockout plants showed an impairment of photosynthetic efficiency and became photobleached under high light (HL) growth conditions. In addition, double-mutant plants also generated elevated levels of superoxide anion radicals, H2O2, and carbonylated proteins but lacked anthocyanin accumulation under HL stress conditions. Under HL conditions, 2-Cys PRXs seem to be essential in maintaining the WWC, whereas tAPX is dispensable. By comparison, this HL-sensitive phenotype was more severe in 2cpa 2cpb tapx triple-mutant plants, indicating that tAPX partially compensates for the loss of functional 2-Cys PRXs by mutation or inactivation by overoxidation. In response to HL, H2O2- and photooxidative stress-responsive marker genes were found to be dramatically up-regulated in 2cpa 2cpb tapx but not 2cpa 2cpb mutant plants, suggesting that HL-induced plastid to nucleus retrograde photooxidative stress signaling takes place after loss or inactivation of the WWC enzymes 2-Cys PRX A, 2-Cys PRX B, and tAPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Awad
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Henrik U Stotz
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Markus Krischke
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Cornelia Engert
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Michel Havaux
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Susanne Berger
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
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16
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Velikova V, Ghirardo A, Vanzo E, Merl J, Hauck SM, Schnitzler JP. Genetic Manipulation of Isoprene Emissions in Poplar Plants Remodels the Chloroplast Proteome. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2005-18. [DOI: 10.1021/pr401124z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Helmholtz
Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit, Environmental Simulation, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Helmholtz
Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit, Environmental Simulation, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisa Vanzo
- Helmholtz
Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit, Environmental Simulation, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl
- Helmholtz
Zentrum München, Research Unit Protein Science, Ingolstädter
Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Helmholtz
Zentrum München, Research Unit Protein Science, Ingolstädter
Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz
Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit, Environmental Simulation, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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17
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Cejudo FJ, Meyer AJ, Reichheld JP, Rouhier N, Traverso JA. Thiol-based redox homeostasis and signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:266. [PMID: 24959171 PMCID: PMC4050284 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSevilla, Spain
- *Correspondence: ; ; ; ;
| | - Andreas J. Meyer
- INRES - Chemical Signalling, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: ; ; ; ;
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via DomitiaPerpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRSPerpignan, France
- *Correspondence: ; ; ; ;
| | - Nicolas Rouhier
- Faculté des Sciences, UMR1136 Université de Lorraine-INRA, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismesVandoeuvre, France
- *Correspondence: ; ; ; ;
| | - Jose A. Traverso
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de GranadaGranada, Spain
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
- *Correspondence: ; ; ; ;
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18
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Sabater B, Martín M. Hypothesis: increase of the ratio singlet oxygen plus superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide changes stress defense response to programmed leaf death. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:479. [PMID: 24324479 PMCID: PMC3839260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases under different stresses and, by destroying cellular components, may cause cell death. In addition, ROS are part of the complex network of transduction signals that induce defense reactions against stress or, alternatively, trigger programmed cell death, and key questions are the levels of each ROS that, respectively determine defense and death responses of the cell. The answer to those questions is difficult because there are several patterns of cell death that frequently appear mixed and are hardly distinguishable. Moreover, although considerable progresses have been achieved in the determination of the levels of specific ROS, critical questions remain on the ROS level in specific cell compartments. By considering chloroplasts as the main source of ROS in photosynthetic tissues at light, a comparison of the levels in stress and senescence of the chloroplastic activities involved in the generation and scavenging of ROS suggests plausible differences in the levels of specific ROS between stress defense and death. In effect, the three activities of the chlororespiratory chain increase similarly in stress defense response. However, in senescence, superoxide dismutase (SOD), that converts superoxide anion radical ([Formula: see text]) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2,) decreases, while the thylakoid Ndh complex, that favors the generation of singlet oxygen ((1)O2) and [Formula: see text], and peroxidase (PX), that consumes H2O2, increase. The obvious inference is that, in respect to defense response, the ratio ((1)O2 plus [Formula: see text])/H2O2 is increased in the senescence previous to cell death. We hypothesize that the different ROS ratios, probably through changes in the jasmonic acid/H2O2 ratio, could determine the activation of the defense network or the death network response of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomé Sabater
- *Correspondence: Bartolomé Sabater, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Fisiología Vegetal), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain e-mail:
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