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Rodrigues LT, Goeldner BSA, Mercuri EGF, Noe SM. Tradescantia response to air and soil pollution, stamen hair cells dataset and ANN color classification. Front Big Data 2024; 7:1384240. [PMID: 38812700 PMCID: PMC11133728 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2024.1384240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Tradescantia plant is a complex system that is sensible to environmental factors such as water supply, pH, temperature, light, radiation, impurities, and nutrient availability. It can be used as a biomonitor for environmental changes; however, the bioassays are time-consuming and have a strong human interference factor that might change the result depending on who is performing the analysis. We have developed computer vision models to study color variations from Tradescantia clone 4430 plant stamen hair cells, which can be stressed due to air pollution and soil contamination. The study introduces a novel dataset, Trad-204, comprising single-cell images from Tradescantia clone 4430, captured during the Tradescantia stamen-hair mutation bioassay (Trad-SHM). The dataset contain images from two experiments, one focusing on air pollution by particulate matter and another based on soil contaminated by diesel oil. Both experiments were carried out in Curitiba, Brazil, between 2020 and 2023. The images represent single cells with different shapes, sizes, and colors, reflecting the plant's responses to environmental stressors. An automatic classification task was developed to distinguishing between blue and pink cells, and the study explores both a baseline model and three artificial neural network (ANN) architectures, namely, TinyVGG, VGG-16, and ResNet34. Tradescantia revealed sensibility to both air particulate matter concentration and diesel oil in soil. The results indicate that Residual Network architecture outperforms the other models in terms of accuracy on both training and testing sets. The dataset and findings contribute to the understanding of plant cell responses to environmental stress and provide valuable resources for further research in automated image analysis of plant cells. Discussion highlights the impact of turgor pressure on cell shape and the potential implications for plant physiology. The comparison between ANN architectures aligns with previous research, emphasizing the superior performance of ResNet models in image classification tasks. Artificial intelligence identification of pink cells improves the counting accuracy, thus avoiding human errors due to different color perceptions, fatigue, or inattention, in addition to facilitating and speeding up the analysis process. Overall, the study offers insights into plant cell dynamics and provides a foundation for future investigations like cells morphology change. This research corroborates that biomonitoring should be considered as an important tool for political actions, being a relevant issue in risk assessment and the development of new public policies relating to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steffen Manfred Noe
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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2
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Zheng R, Wang C, Liu R, Cai R, Sun C. Physiological and metabolic insights into the first cultured anaerobic representative of deep-sea Planctomycetes bacteria. eLife 2024; 12:RP89874. [PMID: 38265071 PMCID: PMC10945688 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Planctomycetes bacteria are ubiquitously distributed across various biospheres and play key roles in global element cycles. However, few deep-sea Planctomycetes members have been cultivated, limiting our understanding of Planctomycetes in the deep biosphere. Here, we have successfully cultured a novel strain of Planctomycetes (strain ZRK32) from a deep-sea cold seep sediment. Our genomic, physiological, and phylogenetic analyses indicate that strain ZRK32 is a novel species, which we propose be named: Poriferisphaera heterotrophicis. We show that strain ZRK32 replicates using a budding mode of division. Based on the combined results from growth assays and transcriptomic analyses, we found that rich nutrients, or supplementation with NO3- or NH4+ promoted the growth of strain ZRK32 by facilitating energy production through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolysis pathway. Moreover, supplementation with NO3- or NH4+ induced strain ZRK32 to release a bacteriophage in a chronic manner, without host cell lysis. This bacteriophage then enabled strain ZRK32, and another marine bacterium that we studied, to metabolize nitrogen through the function of auxiliary metabolic genes. Overall, these findings expand our understanding of deep-sea Planctomycetes bacteria, while highlighting their ability to metabolize nitrogen when reprogrammed by chronic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuan Zheng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Chong Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Rui Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Ruining Cai
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chaomin Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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3
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Kimura Y, Tsuji T, Shimizu Y, Watanabe Y, Kimura M, Fujimoto T, Higuchi M. Physicochemical properties of the vacuolar membrane and cellular factors determine formation of vacuolar invaginations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16187. [PMID: 37759072 PMCID: PMC10533490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuoles change their morphology in response to stress. In yeast exposed to chronically high temperatures, vacuolar membranes get deformed and invaginations are formed. We show that phase-separation of vacuolar membrane occurred after heat stress leading to the formation of the invagination. In addition, Hfl1, a vacuolar membrane-localized Atg8-binding protein, was found to suppress the excess vacuolar invaginations after heat stress. At that time, Hfl1 formed foci at the neck of the invaginations in wild-type cells, whereas it was efficiently degraded in the vacuole in the atg8Δ mutant. Genetic analysis showed that the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery was necessary to form the invaginations irrespective of Atg8 or Hfl1. In contrast, a combined mutation with the vacuole BAR domain protein Ivy1 led to vacuoles in hfl1Δivy1Δ and atg8Δivy1Δ mutants having constitutively invaginated structures; moreover, these mutants showed stress-sensitive phenotypes. Our findings suggest that vacuolar invaginations result from the combination of changes in the physiochemical properties of the vacuolar membrane and other cellular factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kimura
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Department of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Takuma Tsuji
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kimura
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Higuchi
- Department of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
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4
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Zhu X, Yin J, Guo H, Wang Y, Ma B. Vesicle trafficking in rice: too little is known. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1263966. [PMID: 37790794 PMCID: PMC10543891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1263966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The vesicle trafficking apparatus is a fundamental machinery to maintain the homeostasis of membrane-enclosed organelles in eukaryotic cells. Thus, it is broadly conserved in eukaryotes including plants. Intensive studies in the model organisms have produced a comprehensive picture of vesicle trafficking in yeast and human. However, with respect to the vesicle trafficking of plants including rice, our understanding of the components and their coordinated regulation is very limited. At present, several vesicle trafficking apparatus components and cargo proteins have been identified and characterized in rice, but there still remain large unknowns concerning the organization and function of the rice vesicle trafficking system. In this review, we outline the main vesicle trafficking pathways of rice based on knowledge obtained in model organisms, and summarize current advances of rice vesicle trafficking. We also propose to develop methodologies applicable to rice and even other crops for further exploring the mysteries of vesicle trafficking in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongming Guo
- Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingtian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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5
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Jovanović I, Frantová N, Zouhar J. A sword or a buffet: plant endomembrane system in viral infections. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1226498. [PMID: 37636115 PMCID: PMC10453817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1226498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The plant endomembrane system is an elaborate collection of membrane-bound compartments that perform distinct tasks in plant growth and development, and in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Most plant viruses are positive-strand RNA viruses that remodel the host endomembrane system to establish intricate replication compartments. Their fundamental role is to create optimal conditions for viral replication, and to protect replication complexes and the cell-to-cell movement machinery from host defenses. In addition to the intracellular antiviral defense, represented mainly by RNA interference and effector-triggered immunity, recent findings indicate that plant antiviral immunity also includes membrane-localized receptor-like kinases that detect viral molecular patterns and trigger immune responses, which are similar to those observed for bacterial and fungal pathogens. Another recently identified part of plant antiviral defenses is executed by selective autophagy that mediates a specific degradation of viral proteins, resulting in an infection arrest. In a perpetual tug-of-war, certain host autophagy components may be exploited by viral proteins to support or protect an effective viral replication. In this review, we present recent advances in the understanding of the molecular interplay between viral components and plant endomembrane-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jovanović
- Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Nicole Frantová
- Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Zouhar
- Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
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6
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Yuan P, Borrego E, Park YS, Gorman Z, Huang PC, Tolley J, Christensen SA, Blanford J, Kilaru A, Meeley R, Koiwa H, Vidal S, Huffaker A, Schmelz E, Kolomiets MV. 9,10-KODA, an α-ketol produced by the tonoplast-localized 9-lipoxygenase ZmLOX5, plays a signaling role in maize defense against insect herbivory. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1283-1303. [PMID: 37434355 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
13-Lipoxygenases (LOXs) initiate the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), the best-understood oxylipin hormone in herbivory defense. However, the roles of 9-LOX-derived oxylipins in insect resistance remain unclear. Here, we report a novel anti-herbivory mechanism mediated by a tonoplast-localized 9-LOX, ZmLOX5, and its linolenic acid-derived product, 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9,10-KODA). Transposon-insertional disruption of ZmLOX5 resulted in the loss of resistance to insect herbivory. lox5 knockout mutants displayed greatly reduced wound-induced accumulation of multiple oxylipins and defense metabolites, including benzoxazinoids, abscisic acid (ABA), and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile). However, exogenous JA-Ile failed to rescue insect defense in lox5 mutants, while applications of 1 μM 9,10-KODA or the JA precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA), restored wild-type resistance levels. Metabolite profiling revealed that exogenous 9,10-KODA primed the plants for increased production of ABA and 12-OPDA, but not JA-Ile. While none of the 9-oxylipins were able to rescue JA-Ile induction, the lox5 mutant accumulated lower wound-induced levels of Ca2+, suggesting this as a potential explanation for lower wound-induced JA. Seedlings pretreated with 9,10-KODA exhibited rapid or more robust wound-induced defense gene expression. In addition, an artificial diet supplemented with 9,10-KODA arrested fall armyworm larvae growth. Finally, analysis of single and double lox5 and lox10 mutants showed that ZmLOX5 also contributed to insect defense by modulating ZmLOX10-mediated green leaf volatile signaling. Collectively, our study uncovered a previously unknown anti-herbivore defense and hormone-like signaling activity for a major 9-oxylipin α-ketol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguo Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-2132, USA
| | - Eli Borrego
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-2132, USA; Currently at Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Yong-Soon Park
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-2132, USA; Department of Plant Resources, Agriculture and Fisheries Life Science Research Institute, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam 32439, South Korea
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-2132, USA
| | - Pei-Cheng Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-2132, USA
| | - Jordan Tolley
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-2132, USA; College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jantana Blanford
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37659, USA
| | - Robert Meeley
- Formerly at Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stefan Vidal
- Department of Crop Sciences, Agricultural Entomology, Georg-August-Universität, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alisa Huffaker
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric Schmelz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael V Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-2132, USA.
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7
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Bian J, Su X, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Lin J, Li X. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact sites: cross-talk between membrane-bound organelles in plant cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2956-2967. [PMID: 36847172 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles surrounded by monolayer or bilayer membranes. Organelles take part in highly dynamic and organized interactions at membrane contact sites, which play vital roles during development and response to stress. The endoplasmic reticulum extends throughout the cell and acts as an architectural scaffold to maintain the spatial distribution of other membrane-bound organelles. In this review, we highlight the structural organization, dynamics, and physiological functions of membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and various membrane-bound organelles, especially recent advances in plants. We briefly introduce how the combined use of dynamic and static imaging techniques can enable monitoring of the cross-talk between organelles via membrane contact sites. Finally, we discuss future directions for research fields related to membrane contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Bian
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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8
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Ďúranová H, Šimora V, Ďurišová Ľ, Olexiková L, Kovár M, Požgajová M. Modifications in Ultrastructural Characteristics and Redox Status of Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1666. [PMID: 37111889 PMCID: PMC10144148 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The rate of global environmental change is unprecedented, with climate change causing an increase in the oscillation and intensification of various abiotic stress factors that have negative impacts on crop production. This issue has become an alarming global concern, especially for countries already facing the threat of food insecurity. Abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and metal (nanoparticle) toxicities, are recognized as major constraints in agriculture, and are closely associated with the crop yield penalty and losses in food supply. In order to combat abiotic stress, it is important to understand how plant organs adapt to changing conditions, as this can help produce more stress-resistant or stress-tolerant plants. The investigation of plant tissue ultrastructure and subcellular components can provide valuable insights into plant responses to abiotic stress-related stimuli. In particular, the columella cells (statocytes) of the root cap exhibit a unique architecture that is easily recognizable under a transmission electron microscope, making them a useful experimental model for ultrastructural observations. In combination with the assessment of plant oxidative/antioxidative status, both approaches can shed more light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in plant adaptation to environmental cues. This review summarizes life-threatening factors of the changing environment that lead to stress-related damage to plants, with an emphasis on their subcellular components. Additionally, selected plant responses to such conditions in the context of their ability to adapt and survive in a challenging environment are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Ďúranová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Veronika Šimora
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Ľuba Ďurišová
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (Ľ.Ď.); (M.K.)
| | - Lucia Olexiková
- Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia;
| | - Marek Kovár
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (Ľ.Ď.); (M.K.)
| | - Miroslava Požgajová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Rapid Changes to Endomembrane System of Infected Root Nodule Cells to Adapt to Unusual Lifestyle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054647. [PMID: 36902077 PMCID: PMC10002930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis between leguminous plants and soil bacteria rhizobia is a refined type of plant-microbial interaction that has a great importance to the global balance of nitrogen. The reduction of atmospheric nitrogen takes place in infected cells of a root nodule that serves as a temporary shelter for thousands of living bacteria, which, per se, is an unusual state of a eukaryotic cell. One of the most striking features of an infected cell is the drastic changes in the endomembrane system that occur after the entrance of bacteria to the host cell symplast. Mechanisms for maintaining intracellular bacterial colony represent an important part of symbiosis that have still not been sufficiently clarified. This review focuses on the changes that occur in an endomembrane system of infected cells and on the putative mechanisms of infected cell adaptation to its unusual lifestyle.
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10
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Tahmasebi A, Niazi A, Akrami S. Integration of meta-analysis, machine learning and systems biology approach for investigating the transcriptomic response to drought stress in Populus species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:847. [PMID: 36646724 PMCID: PMC9842770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Populus, drought is a major problem affecting plant growth and development which can be closely reflected by corresponding transcriptomic changes. Nevertheless, how these changes in Populus are not fully understood. Here, we first used meta-analysis and machine learning methods to identify water stress-responsive genes and then performed a systematic approach to discover important gene networks. Our analysis revealed that large transcriptional variations occur during drought stress. These changes were more associated with the response to stress, cellular catabolic process, metabolic pathways, and hormone-related genes. The differential gene coexpression analysis highlighted two acetyltransferase NATA1-like and putative cytochrome P450 genes that have a special contribution in response to drought stress. In particular, the findings showed that MYBs and MAPKs have a prominent role in the drought stress response that could be considered to improve the drought tolerance of Populus. We also suggest ARF2-like and PYL4-like genes as potential markers for use in breeding programs. This study provides a better understanding of how Populus responses to drought that could be useful for improving tolerance to stress in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Tahmasebi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144165186, Iran.
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144165186, Iran.
| | - Sahar Akrami
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144165186, Iran
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11
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Rice KL, Chan CM, Kelu JJ, Miller AL, Webb SE. A Role for Two-Pore Channel Type 2 (TPC2)-Mediated Regulation of Membrane Contact Sites During Zebrafish Notochord Biogenesis? CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2023; 6:25152564231211409. [PMID: 38028019 PMCID: PMC10658360 DOI: 10.1177/25152564231211409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that in the developing trunk of zebrafish embryos, two-pore channel type 2 (TPC2)-mediated Ca2+ release from endolysosomes plays a role in the formation of the skeletal slow muscle. In addition, TPC2-mediated Ca2+ signaling is required for axon extension and the establishment of synchronized activity in the primary motor neurons. Here, we report that TPC2 might also play a role in the development of the notochord of zebrafish embryos. For example, when tpcn2 was knocked down or out, increased numbers of small vacuoles were formed in the inner notochord cells, compared with the single large vacuole in the notochord of control embryos. This abnormal vacuolation was associated with embryos displaying attenuated body axis straightening. We also showed that TPC2 has a distinct pattern of localization in the notochord in embryos at ∼24 hpf. Finally, we conducted RNAseq to identify differentially expressed genes in tpcn2 mutants compared to wild-type controls, and found that those involved in actin filament severing, cellular component morphogenesis, Ca2+ binding, and structural constituent of cytoskeleton were downregulated in the mutants. Together, our data suggest that TPC2 activity plays a key role in notochord biogenesis in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira L. Rice
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ching Man Chan
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey J. Kelu
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew L. Miller
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sarah E. Webb
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Liu Y, Mu C, Du D, Yang Y, Li L, Xuan W, Kircher S, Palme K, Li X, Li R. Alkaline stress reduces root waving by regulating PIN7 vacuolar transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1049144. [PMID: 36582637 PMCID: PMC9792863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Root development and plasticity are assessed via diverse endogenous and environmental cues, including phytohormones, nutrition, and stress. In this study, we observed that roots in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited waving and oscillating phenotypes under normal conditions but lost this pattern when subjected to alkaline stress. We later showed that alkaline treatment disturbed the auxin gradient in roots and increased auxin signal in columella cells. We further demonstrated that the auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED 7 (PIN7) but not PIN3 was translocated to vacuole lumen under alkaline stress. This process is essential for root response to alkaline stress because the pin7 knockout mutants retained the root waving phenotype. Moreover, we provided evidence that the PIN7 vacuolar transport might not depend on the ARF-GEFs but required the proper function of an ESCRT subunit known as FYVE domain protein required for endosomal sorting 1 (FREE1). Induced silencing of FREE1 disrupted the vacuolar transport of PIN7 and reduced sensitivity to alkaline stress, further highlighting the importance of this cellular process. In conclusion, our work reveals a new role of PIN7 in regulating root morphology under alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Chenglin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Dongdong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Zhang X, Wang Q, Wu J, Qi M, Zhang C, Huang Y, Wang G, Wang H, Tian J, Yu Y, Chen D, Li Y, Wang D, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Kong Z. A legume kinesin controls vacuole morphogenesis for rhizobia endosymbiosis. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1275-1288. [PMID: 36316454 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Symbioses between legumes and rhizobia require establishment of the plant-derived symbiosome membrane, which surrounds the rhizobia and accommodates the symbionts by providing an interface for nutrient and signal exchange. The host cytoskeleton and endomembrane trafficking systems play central roles in the formation of a functional symbiotic interface for rhizobia endosymbiosis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the nodulation-specific kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (nKCBP), a plant-specific microtubule-based kinesin motor, controls central vacuole morphogenesis in symbiotic cells in Medicago truncatula. Phylogenetic analysis further indicated that nKCBP duplication occurs solely in legumes of the clade that form symbiosomes. Knockout of nKCBP results in central vacuole deficiency, defective symbiosomes and abolished nitrogen fixation. nKCBP decorates linear particles along microtubules, and crosslinks microtubules with the actin cytoskeleton, to control central vacuole formation by modulating vacuolar vesicle fusion in symbiotic cells. Together, our findings reveal that rhizobia co-opted nKCBP to achieve symbiotic interface formation by regulating cytoskeletal assembly and central vacuole morphogenesis during nodule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meifang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yige Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dasong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Academy of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China.
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14
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Stasic AJ, Moreno SNJ, Carruthers VB, Dou Z. The Toxoplasma plant-like vacuolar compartment (PLVAC). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12951. [PMID: 36218001 PMCID: PMC10576567 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa and is an important cause of congenital disease and infection in immunocompromised patients. T. gondii shares several characteristics with plants including a nonphotosynthetic plastid termed apicoplast and a multivesicular organelle that was named the plant-like vacuole (PLV) or vacuolar compartment (VAC). The name plant-like vacuole was selected based on its resemblance in composition and function to plant vacuoles. The name VAC represents its general vacuolar characteristics. We will refer to the organelle as PLVAC in this review. New findings in recent years have revealed that the PLVAC represents the lysosomal compartment of T. gondii which has adapted peculiarities to fulfill specific Toxoplasma needs. In this review, we discuss the composition and functions of the PLVAC highlighting its roles in ion storage and homeostasis, endocytosis, exocytosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Stasic
- Department of Microbiology, Heartland FPG, Carmel, Indiana, USA
| | - Silvia N J Moreno
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Georgia, Athens, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Vern B Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Zhicheng Dou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, Clemson, USA
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15
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Li L, Lee CP, Ding X, Qin Y, Wijerathna-Yapa A, Broda M, Otegui MS, Millar AH. Defects in autophagy lead to selective in vivo changes in turnover of cytosolic and organelle proteins in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3936-3960. [PMID: 35766863 PMCID: PMC9516138 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Identification of autophagic protein cargo in plants in autophagy-related genes (ATG) mutants is complicated by changes in protein synthesis and protein degradation. To detect autophagic cargo, we measured protein degradation rate in shoots and roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) atg5 and atg11 mutants. These data show that less than a quarter of proteins changing in abundance are probable cargo and revealed roles of ATG11 and ATG5 in degradation of specific glycolytic enzymes and of other cytosol, chloroplast, and ER-resident proteins, and a specialized role for ATG11 in degradation of proteins from mitochondria and chloroplasts. Protein localization in transformed protoplasts and degradation assays in the presence of inhibitors confirm a role for autophagy in degrading glycolytic enzymes. Autophagy induction by phosphate (Pi) limitation changed metabolic profiles and the protein synthesis and degradation rates of atg5 and atg11 plants. A general decrease in the abundance of amino acids and increase in secondary metabolites in autophagy mutants was consistent with altered catabolism and changes in energy conversion caused by reduced degradation rate of specific proteins. Combining measures of changes in protein abundance and degradation rates, we also identify ATG11 and ATG5-associated protein cargo of low Pi-induced autophagy in chloroplasts and ER-resident proteins involved in secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Authors for correspondence (L.L.) and (A.H.M)
| | - Chun Pong Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yu Qin
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Akila Wijerathna-Yapa
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Martyna Broda
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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16
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Paull RE, Zerpa‐Catanho D, Chen NJ, Uruu G, Wai CMJ, Kantar M. Taro raphide-associated proteins: Allergens and crystal growth. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e443. [PMID: 36091877 PMCID: PMC9440338 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate raphide crystals are found in bundles in intravacuolar membrane chambers of specialized idioblasts cells of most plant families. Aroid raphides are proposed to cause acridity in crops such as taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott). Acridity is irritation that causes itchiness and pain when raw/insufficiently cooked tissues are eaten. Since raphides do not always cause acridity and since acridity can be inactivated by cooking and/or protease treatment, it is possible that a toxin or allergen-like compound is associated with the crystals. Using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS) peptide sequencing of selected peptides from purified raphides and taro apex transcriptome sequencing, we showed the presence on the raphides of peptides normally associated with mitochrondria (ATP synthase), chloroplasts (chaperonin ~60 kDa), cytoplasm (actin, profilin), and vacuole (V-type ATPase) that indicates a multistage biocrystallation process ending with possible invagination of the tonoplast and addition of mucilage that may be derived from the Golgi. Actin might play a crucial role in the generation of the needle-like raphides. One of the five raphide profilins genes was highly expressed in the apex and had a 17-amino acid insert that significantly increased that profilin's antigenic epitope peak. A second profilin had a 2-amino acid insert and also had a greater B-cell epitope prediction. Taro profilins showed 83% to 92% similarity to known characterized profilins. Further, commercial allergen test strips for hazelnuts, where profilin is a secondary allergen, have potential for screening in a taro germplasm to reduce acridity and during food processing to avoid overcooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Paull
- Tropical Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | | | - Nancy J. Chen
- Tropical Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | - Gail Uruu
- Tropical Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | | | - Michael Kantar
- Tropical Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
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17
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Gokbayrak ZD, Patel D, Brett CL. Acetate and hypertonic stress stimulate vacuole membrane fission using distinct mechanisms. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271199. [PMID: 35834522 PMCID: PMC9282455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuoles in plants and fungi play critical roles in cell metabolism and osmoregulation. To support these functions, vacuoles change their morphology, e.g. they fragment when these organisms are challenged with draught, high salinity or metabolic stress (e.g. acetate accumulation). In turn, morphology reflects an equilibrium between membrane fusion and fission that determines size, shape and copy number. By studying Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its vacuole as models, conserved molecular mechanisms responsible for fusion have been revealed. However, a detailed understanding of vacuole fission and how these opposing processes respond to metabolism or osmoregulation remain elusive. Herein we describe a new fluorometric assay to measure yeast vacuole fission in vitro. For proof–of–concept, we use this assay to confirm that acetate, a metabolic stressor, triggers vacuole fission and show it blocks homotypic vacuole fusion in vitro. Similarly, hypertonic stress induced by sorbitol or glucose caused robust vacuole fission in vitro whilst inhibiting fusion. Using wortmannin to inhibit phosphatidylinositol (PI) -kinases or rGyp1-46 to inactivate Rab–GTPases, we show that acetate stress likely targets PI signaling, whereas osmotic stress affects Rab signaling on vacuole membranes to stimulate fission. This study sets the stage for further investigation into the mechanisms that change vacuole morphology to support cell metabolism and osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipti Patel
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Zhou Y, Sun M, Sun P, Gao H, Yang H, Jing Y, Hussain MA, Saxena RK, Carther FI, Wang Q, Li H. Tonoplast inositol transporters: Roles in plant abiotic stress response and crosstalk with other signals. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153660. [PMID: 35240513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inositol transporters (INT) are thought to be the pivotal transporters for vital metabolites, in particular lipids, minerals, and sugars. These transporters play an important role in transitional metabolism and various signaling pathways in plants through regulating the transduction of messages from hormones, neurotransmitters, and immunologic and growth factors. Extensive studies have been conducted on animal INT, with promising outcomes. However, only few recent studies have highlighted the importance and complexity of INT genes in the regulation of plant physiology stages, including growth and tolerance to stress conditions. The present review summarizes the most recent findings concerning the role of INT or inositol genes in plant metabolism and the response mechanisms triggered by external stressors. Moreover, we highlight the emerging role of vacuoles and vacuolar INT in plant molecular transition and their related roles in plant growth and development. INTs are the essential mediators of inositol uptake and its intracellular broadcasting for various metabolic pathways where they play crucial roles. Additionally, we report evidence on Na+/inositol transporters, which until now have only been characterized in animals, as well as H+/inositol symporters and their kinetic functions and physiological role and suggest their roles and operating mode in plants. A more comprehensive understanding of the INT functioning system, in particular the coordinated movement of inositol and the relation between inositol generation and other important plant signaling pathways, would greatly advance the study of plant stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China.
| | - Monan Sun
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Pengyu Sun
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China.
| | - Hongtao Gao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China.
| | - He Yang
- RDFZ Sanya School, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Yan Jing
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China.
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hussain
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China.
| | - Rachit K Saxena
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, India.
| | - Foka Idrice Carther
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China.
| | - Qingyu Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China.
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19
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Jiang YT, Yang LH, Ferjani A, Lin WH. Multiple functions of the vacuole in plant growth and fruit quality. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:4. [PMID: 37789408 PMCID: PMC10509827 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are organelles in plant cells that play pivotal roles in growth and developmental regulation. The main functions of vacuoles include maintaining cell acidity and turgor pressure, regulating the storage and transport of substances, controlling the transport and localization of key proteins through the endocytic and lysosomal-vacuolar transport pathways, and responding to biotic and abiotic stresses. Further, proteins localized either in the tonoplast (vacuolar membrane) or inside the vacuole lumen are critical for fruit quality. In this review, we summarize and discuss some of the emerging functions and regulatory mechanisms associated with plant vacuoles, including vacuole biogenesis, vacuole functions in plant growth and development, fruit quality, and plant-microbe interaction, as well as some innovative research technology that has driven advances in the field. Together, the functions of plant vacuoles are important for plant growth and fruit quality. The investigation of vacuole functions in plants is of great scientific significance and has potential applications in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lu-Han Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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20
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Robert G, Yagyu M, Koizumi T, Naya L, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Yoshimoto K. Ammonium stress increases microautophagic activity while impairing macroautophagic flux in Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1083-1097. [PMID: 33222335 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to NH4+ stress are complex, and multiple mechanisms underlying NH4+ sensitivity and tolerance in plants may be involved. Here, we demonstrate that macro- and microautophagic activities are oppositely affected in plants grown under NH4+ toxicity conditions. When grown under NH4+ stress conditions, macroautophagic activity was impaired in roots. Root cells accumulated autophagosomes in the cytoplasm, but showed less autophagic flux, indicating that late steps of the macroautophagy process are affected under NH4+ stress conditions. Under this scenario, we also found that the CCZ1-MON1 complex, a critical factor for vacuole delivery pathways, functions in the late step of the macroautophagic pathway in Arabidopsis. In contrast, an accumulation of tonoplast-derived vesicles was observed in vacuolar lumens of root cells of NH4+ -stressed plants, suggesting the induction of a microautophagy-like process. In this sense, some SYP22-, but mainly VAMP711-positive vesicles were observed inside vacuole in roots of NH4+ -stressed plants. Consistent with the increased tonoplast degradation and the reduced membrane flow to the vacuole due to the impaired macroautophagic flux, the vacuoles of root cells of NH4+ -stressed plants showed a simplified structure and lower tonoplast content. Taken together, this study presents evidence that postulates late steps of the macroautophagic process as a relevant physiological mechanism underlying the NH4+ sensitivity response in Arabidopsis, and additionally provides insights into the molecular tools for studying microautophagy in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Robert
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Av. 11 de Septiembre, Córdoba, 4755-X5020ICA, Argentina
- Unidad de doble dependencia INTA-CONICET (UDEA), Av. 11 de Septiembre, Córdoba, 4755-X5020ICA, Argentina
| | - Mako Yagyu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takaya Koizumi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Loreto Naya
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Kohki Yoshimoto
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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21
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Hovnanyan K, Marutyan S, Marutyan S, Hovnanyan M, Navasardyan L, Trchounian A. Ultrastructural investigation of acidocalcisomes and ATPase activity in yeast Candida guilliermondii NP-4 as 'complementary' stress-targets. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:413-419. [PMID: 32623751 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a result of electron microscopic studies of morphogenesis in yeast Candida guilliermondii NP-4, the formation of new structures of volutin acidocalcisomes has been established within the cell cytoplasm. Under influence of X-irradiation, the changes in morphometric and electron-dense properties of yeast cells were identified: in yeast cytoplasm, the electron-dense volutin granules were increased up to 400 nm in size. After 24-h post-irradiation incubation of yeasts, the large volutin pellets are fragmented into smaller number particles in size up to 25-150 nm. The ATPase activity in yeast mitochondria was changed under X-irradiation. In latent phase of growth, ATPase activity was decreased 1·35-fold in comparison with non-irradiated yeasts. In logarithmic phase of growth, ATPase activity was three times higher than in latent phase, and in stationary phase of growth it has a value similar to the latent phase. Probably, the cells receive the necessary energy from alternative energy sources, such as volutin. Electron microscopy of volutin granule changes might serve as convenient method for evaluation of damages and repair processes in cells under influence of different environmental stress-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hovnanyan
- Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Marutyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Marutyan
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - M Hovnanyan
- Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L Navasardyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.,Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A Trchounian
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.,Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
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22
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Cao Y, Cai W, Chen X, Chen M, Chu J, Liang W, Persson S, Liu Z, Zhang D. Bright Fluorescent Vacuolar Marker Lines Allow Vacuolar Tracing Across Multiple Tissues and Stress Conditions in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4203. [PMID: 32545623 PMCID: PMC7352260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuole is indispensable for cells to maintain their water potential and to respond to environmental changes. Nevertheless, investigations of vacuole morphology and its functions have been limited to Arabidopsis thaliana with few studies in the model crop rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we report the establishment of bright rice vacuole fluorescent reporter systems using OsTIP1;1, a tonoplast water channel protein, fused to either an enhanced green fluorescent protein or an mCherry red fluorescent protein. We used the corresponding transgenic rice lines to trace the vacuole morphology in roots, leaves, anthers, and pollen grains. Notably, we observed dynamic changes in vacuole morphologies in pollen and root epidermis that corresponded to their developmental states as well as vacuole shape alterations in response to abiotic stresses. Our results indicate that the application of our vacuole markers may aid in understanding rice vacuole function and structure across different tissues and environmental conditions in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Wenguo Cai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- Flow Station of Post-doctoral Scientific Research, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Jianjun Chu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Staffan Persson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zengyu Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
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23
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Cui Y, Zhao Q, Hu S, Jiang L. Vacuole Biogenesis in Plants: How Many Vacuoles, How Many Models? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:538-548. [PMID: 32407694 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are the largest membrane-bounded organelles and have essential roles in plant growth and development, but several important questions on the biogenesis and dynamics of lytic vacuoles (LVs) remain. Here, we summarize and discuss recent research and models of vacuole formation, and propose, with testable hypotheses, that besides inherited vacuoles, plant cells can also synthesize LVs de novo from multiple organelles and routes in response to growth and development or external factors. Therefore, LVs may be further classified into different subgroups and/or populations with different pH, cargos, and functions, among which multivesicular body (MVB)-derived small vacuoles are the main source for central vacuole formation in arabidopsis root cortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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24
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García-González J, Kebrlová Š, Semerák M, Lacek J, Kotannal Baby I, Petrášek J, Schwarzerová K. Arp2/3 Complex Is Required for Auxin-Driven Cell Expansion Through Regulation of Auxin Transporter Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:486. [PMID: 32425966 PMCID: PMC7212389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex is an actin nucleator shown to be required throughout plant morphogenesis, contributing to processes such as cell expansion, tissue differentiation or cell wall assembly. A recent publication demonstrated that plants lacking functional Arp2/3 complex also present defects in auxin distribution and transport. This work shows that Arp2/3 complex subunits are predominantly expressed in the provasculature, although other plant tissues also show promoter activity (e.g., cotyledons, apical meristems, or root tip). Moreover, auxin can trigger subunit expression, indicating a role of this phytohormone in mediating the complex activity. Further investigation of the functional interaction between Arp2/3 complex and auxin signaling also reveals their cooperation in determining pavement cell shape, presumably through the role of Arp2/3 complex in the correct auxin carrier trafficking. Young seedlings of arpc5 mutants show increased auxin-triggered proteasomal degradation of DII-VENUS and altered PIN3 distribution, with higher levels of the protein in the vacuole. Closer observation of vacuolar morphology revealed the presence of a more fragmented vacuolar compartment when Arp2/3 function is abolished, hinting a generalized role of Arp2/3 complex in endomembrane function and protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith García-González
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Štépánka Kebrlová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Matěj Semerák
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jozef Lacek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Innu Kotannal Baby
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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25
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Wang S, Zhan H, Li P, Chu C, Li J, Wang C. Physiological Mechanism of Internode Bending Growth After the Excision of Shoot Sheath in Fargesia yunnanensis and Its Implications for Understanding the Rapid Growth of Bamboos. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:418. [PMID: 32391032 PMCID: PMC7191042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The physiological function of bamboo shoot sheaths is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the anatomical and physiological influences of bamboo shoot sheaths on internode elongation by longitudinally striping parts of sheaths. The internodes would bend toward the bare sides during night. The results showed that amounts of water leaked at the cut of shoot sheaths during night, which impeded the increase of water, water pressure and assimilate transport rates, and decreased starch and soluble sugar catabolism in the bare side of the internodes. A higher level of water pressure and sugar metabolism increased the vacuole expansion and promoted the cell expansion in the outer sides as compared to the bare sides. The bending growth of internodes was mainly due to the significant differences in cell expansion, which was led by the difference in water pressure and sugar hydrolysis levels between the inner and outer sides. Bamboo internode elongation mainly relied on the increase of water pressure and soluble sugar concentration. Shoot sheaths played an important role in the rapid growth of bamboo shoots as a controller in water and assimilate transportation. This study gave a new insight into understanding the rapid growth mechanism of bamboo plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | | | | | | | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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26
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Cao P, Kim SJ, Xing A, Schenck CA, Liu L, Jiang N, Wang J, Last RL, Brandizzi F. Homeostasis of branched-chain amino acids is critical for the activity of TOR signaling in Arabidopsis. eLife 2019; 8:e50747. [PMID: 31808741 PMCID: PMC6937141 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved hub of nutrient sensing and metabolic signaling. In plants, a functional connection of TOR activation with glucose availability was demonstrated, while it is yet unclear whether branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are a primary input of TOR signaling as they are in yeast and mammalian cells. Here, we report on the characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant over-accumulating BCAAs. Through chemical interventions targeting TOR and by examining mutants of BCAA biosynthesis and TOR signaling, we found that BCAA over-accumulation leads to up-regulation of TOR activity, which causes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and actin-associated endomembranes. Finally, we show that activation of TOR is concomitant with alteration of cell expansion, proliferation and specialized metabolism, leading to pleiotropic effects on plant growth and development. These results demonstrate that BCAAs contribute to plant TOR activation and reveal previously uncharted downstream subcellular processes of TOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cao
- MSU-DOE Plant Research LabMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Sang-Jin Kim
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Anqi Xing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Craig A Schenck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Lu Liu
- MSU-DOE Plant Research LabMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research LabMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
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27
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Madina MH, Rahman MS, Zheng H, Germain H. Vacuolar membrane structures and their roles in plant-pathogen interactions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:343-354. [PMID: 31621005 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Short review focussing on the role and targeting of vacuolar substructure in plant immunity and pathogenesis. Plants lack specialized immune cells, therefore each plant cell must defend itself against invading pathogens. A typical plant defense strategy is the hypersensitive response that results in host cell death at the site of infection, a process largely regulated by the vacuole. In plant cells, the vacuole is a vital organelle that plays a central role in numerous fundamental processes, such as development, reproduction, and cellular responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. It shows divergent membranous structures that are continuously transforming. Recent technical advances in visualization and live-cell imaging have significantly altered our view of the vacuolar structures and their dynamics. Understanding the active nature of the vacuolar structures and the mechanisms of vacuole-mediated defense responses is of great importance in understanding plant-pathogen interactions. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge about the vacuole and its internal structures, as well as their role in plant-microbe interactions. There is so far limited information on the modulation of the vacuolar structures by pathogens, but recent research has identified the vacuole as a possible target of microbial interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Hur Madina
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Md Saifur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
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28
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Kaiser S, Eisa A, Kleine-Vehn J, Scheuring D. NET4 Modulates the Compactness of Vacuoles in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194752. [PMID: 31557830 PMCID: PMC6801981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimension of the plants largest organelle—the vacuole—plays a major role in defining cellular elongation rates. The morphology of the vacuole is controlled by the actin cytoskeleton, but molecular players remain largely unknown. Recently, the Networked (NET) family of membrane-associated, actin-binding proteins has been identified. Here, we show that NET4A localizes to highly constricted regions of the vacuolar membrane and contributes to vacuolar morphology. Using genetic interference, we found that deregulation of NET4 abundance increases vacuolar occupancy, and that overexpression of NET4 abundance decreases vacuolar occupancy. Our data reveal that NET4A induces more compact vacuoles, correlating with reduced cellular and organ growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kaiser
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Ahmed Eisa
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria.
- Current address: Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - David Scheuring
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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29
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AP3M harbors actin filament binding activity that is crucial for vacuole morphology and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18132-18141. [PMID: 31431522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901431116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatal movement is essential for plant growth. This process is precisely regulated by various cellular activities in guard cells. F-actin dynamics and vacuole morphology are both involved in stomatal movement. The sorting of cargoes by clathrin adaptor protein (AP) complexes from the Golgi to the vacuole is critical for establishing a normal vacuole morphology. In this study, we demonstrate that the medium subunit of the AP3 complex (AP3M) binds to and severs actin filaments in vitro and that it participates in the sorting of cargoes (such as the sucrose exporter SUC4) to the tonoplast, and thereby regulates stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana Defects in AP3 or SUC4 led to more rapid water loss and delayed stomatal closure, as well as hypersensitivity to drought stress. In ap3m mutants, the F-actin status was altered compared to the wild type, and the sorted cargoes failed to localize to the tonoplast. AP3M contains a previously unidentified F-actin binding domain that is conserved in AP3M homologs in both plants and animals. Mutations in the F-actin binding domain of AP3M abolished its F-actin binding activity in vitro, leading to an aberrant vacuole morphology and reduced levels of SUC4 on the tonoplast in guard cells. Our findings indicate that the F-actin binding activity of AP3M is required for the precise localization of AP3-dependent cargoes to the tonoplast and for the regulation of vacuole morphology in guard cells during stomatal closure.
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30
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Zwiewka M, Bielach A, Tamizhselvan P, Madhavan S, Ryad EE, Tan S, Hrtyan MN, Dobrev P, Vankovï R, Friml J, Tognetti VB. Root Adaptation to H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress by ARF-GEF BEN1- and Cytoskeleton-Mediated PIN2 Trafficking. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:255-273. [PMID: 30668780 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress poses constant challenges for plant survival and is a serious problem for global agricultural productivity. On a molecular level, stress conditions result in elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production causing oxidative stress associated with oxidation of proteins and nucleic acids as well as impairment of membrane functions. Adaptation of root growth to ROS accumulation is facilitated through modification of auxin and cytokinin hormone homeostasis. Here, we report that in Arabidopsis root meristem, ROS-induced changes of auxin levels correspond to decreased abundance of PIN auxin efflux carriers at the plasma membrane (PM). Specifically, increase in H2O2 levels affects PIN2 endocytic recycling. We show that the PIN2 intracellular trafficking during adaptation to oxidative stress requires the function of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) BEN1, an actin-associated regulator of the trafficking from the PM to early endosomes and, presumably, indirectly, trafficking to the vacuoles. We propose that H2O2 levels affect the actin dynamics thus modulating ARF-GEF-dependent trafficking of PIN2. This mechanism provides a way how root growth acclimates to stress and adapts to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zwiewka
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Bielach
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Prashanth Tamizhselvan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sharmila Madhavan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eman Elrefaay Ryad
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shutang Tan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mï Nika Hrtyan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Acad. Sci, Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Rozvojov� 263, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radomira Vankovï
- Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Acad. Sci, Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Rozvojov� 263, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřï Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Vanesa B Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
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31
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Cui Y, Cao W, He Y, Zhao Q, Wakazaki M, Zhuang X, Gao J, Zeng Y, Gao C, Ding Y, Wong HY, Wong WS, Lam HK, Wang P, Ueda T, Rojas-Pierce M, Toyooka K, Kang BH, Jiang L. A whole-cell electron tomography model of vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis root cells. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:95-105. [PMID: 30559414 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are dynamic organelles that play essential roles in regulating growth and development. Two distinct models of vacuole biogenesis have been proposed: separate vacuoles are formed by the fusion of endosomes, or the single interconnected vacuole is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. These two models are based on studies of two-dimensional (2D) transmission electron microscopy and 3D confocal imaging, respectively. Here, we performed 3D electron tomography at nanometre resolution to illustrate vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis root cells. The whole-cell electron tomography analysis first identified unique small vacuoles (SVs; 400-1,000 nm in diameter) as nascent vacuoles in early developmental cortical cells. These SVs contained intraluminal vesicles and were mainly derived/matured from multivesicular body (MVB) fusion. The whole-cell vacuole models and statistical analysis on wild-type root cells of different vacuole developmental stages demonstrated that central vacuoles were derived from MVB-to-SV transition and subsequent fusions of SVs. Further electron tomography analysis on mutants defective in MVB formation/maturation or vacuole fusion demonstrated that central vacuole formation required functional MVBs and membrane fusion machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilin He
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yan Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Shing Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ham Karen Lam
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Marcela Rojas-Pierce
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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32
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Liu L, Li J. Communications Between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Other Organelles During Abiotic Stress Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:749. [PMID: 31249578 PMCID: PMC6582665 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions, plants have evolved sophisticated tolerance mechanisms to integrate various stress signals and to coordinate plant growth and development. It is well known that inter-organellar communications play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to environmental stresses. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), extending throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, is a central organelle involved in lipid metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, and synthesis and folding of secretory and transmembrane proteins crucial to perceive and transduce environmental signals. The ER communicates with the nucleus via the highly conserved unfolded protein response pathway to mitigate ER stress. Importantly, recent studies have revealed that the dynamic ER network physically interacts with other intracellular organelles and endomembrane compartments, such as the Golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisome, vacuole, and the plasma membrane, through multiple membrane contact sites between closely apposed organelles. In this review, we will discuss the signaling and metabolite exchanges between the ER and other organelles during abiotic stress responses in plants as well as the ER-organelle membrane contact sites and their associated tethering complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianming Li, ;
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Cui Y, Cao W, He Y, Zhao Q, Wakazaki M, Zhuang X, Gao J, Zeng Y, Gao C, Ding Y, Wong HY, Wong WS, Lam HK, Wang P, Ueda T, Rojas-Pierce M, Toyooka K, Kang BH, Jiang L. A whole-cell electron tomography model of vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis root cells. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:95-105. [PMID: 30559414 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0328-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are dynamic organelles that play essential roles in regulating growth and development. Two distinct models of vacuole biogenesis have been proposed: separate vacuoles are formed by the fusion of endosomes, or the single interconnected vacuole is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. These two models are based on studies of two-dimensional (2D) transmission electron microscopy and 3D confocal imaging, respectively. Here, we performed 3D electron tomography at nanometre resolution to illustrate vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis root cells. The whole-cell electron tomography analysis first identified unique small vacuoles (SVs; 400-1,000 nm in diameter) as nascent vacuoles in early developmental cortical cells. These SVs contained intraluminal vesicles and were mainly derived/matured from multivesicular body (MVB) fusion. The whole-cell vacuole models and statistical analysis on wild-type root cells of different vacuole developmental stages demonstrated that central vacuoles were derived from MVB-to-SV transition and subsequent fusions of SVs. Further electron tomography analysis on mutants defective in MVB formation/maturation or vacuole fusion demonstrated that central vacuole formation required functional MVBs and membrane fusion machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilin He
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yan Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Shing Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ham Karen Lam
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Marcela Rojas-Pierce
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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LaBrant E, Barnes AC, Roston RL. Lipid transport required to make lipids of photosynthetic membranes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:345-360. [PMID: 29961189 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic membranes provide much of the usable energy for life on earth. To produce photosynthetic membrane lipids, multiple transport steps are required, including fatty acid export from the chloroplast stroma to the endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the chloroplast envelope membranes. Transport of hydrophobic molecules through aqueous space is energetically unfavorable and must be catalyzed by dedicated enzymes, frequently on specialized membrane structures. Here, we review photosynthetic membrane lipid transport to the chloroplast in the context of photosynthetic membrane lipid synthesis. We independently consider the identity of transported lipids, the proteinaceous transport components, and membrane structures which may allow efficient transport. Recent advances in lipid transport of chloroplasts, bacteria, and other systems strongly suggest that lipid transport is achieved by multiple mechanisms which include membrane contact sites with specialized protein machinery. This machinery is likely to include the TGD1, 2, 3 complex with the TGD5 and TGD4/LPTD1 systems, and may also include a number of proteins with domains similar to other membrane contact site lipid-binding proteins. Importantly, the likelihood of membrane contact sites does not preclude lipid transport by other mechanisms including vectorial acylation and vesicle transport. Substantial progress is needed to fully understand all photosynthetic membrane lipid transport processes and how they are integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan LaBrant
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Allison C Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca L Roston
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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Mehmood S, Saeed DA, Rizwan M, Khan MN, Aziz O, Bashir S, Ibrahim M, Ditta A, Akmal M, Mumtaz MA, Ahmed W, Irshad S, Imtiaz M, Tu S, Shaheen A. Impact of different amendments on biochemical responses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plants grown in lead-cadmium contaminated soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:345-355. [PMID: 30257236 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil co-contamination with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) is a tenacious risk to crop production globally. The current experiment observed the roles of amendments [biochar (BC), slag (SL), and ferrous manganese ore (FMO)] for enhancing Pb and Cd tolerance in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Our results revealed that application of amendments significantly enhanced the nutrient level of sesame seedlings developed under extreme Pb and Cd conditions. The higher Pb and Cd-tolerance in sesame encouraged by amendments might be credited to its capability to restrict Pb and Cd uptake and decreased oxidative damage induced by Pb and Cd that is also demonstrated by lesser production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced electrolyte leakage (EL) in plant biomass. The added amendments relieved Pb and Cd toxicity and improved photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein, and proline content. Not only this amendments also decreased the antioxidant bulk, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in sesame plants compared to control when exposed to Pb and Cd. Moreover, the added amendments = down-regulated the genes expression which regulate the SOD, POD, and CAT activity in sesame under Pb and Cd-stress. Furthermore, supplementation of amendments to the soil, reduced the bio accessibility (SBET), leachability (TCLP), and mobility (CaCl2) of Pb and Cd. Collectively, our findings conclude that the application of amendments enhanced sesame tolerance to Pb and Cd stress by restricting Pb and Cd accumulation, maintained photosynthetic presentation and dropped oxidative loss through enhanced antioxidant system, thus signifying amendments as an operational stress regulators in modifying Pb and Cd-toxicity that is highly important economically in all crops including sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Mehmood
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Dawood Anser Saeed
- College of Horticulture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle of the Yangtze River College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Omar Aziz
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Saqib Bashir
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Government College Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akmal
- Department of Soil Science & SWC, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Mumtaz
- College of Horticulture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, CAAS, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sana Irshad
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Shuxin Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China.
| | - Asia Shaheen
- Pesticide Quality Control Laboratory, Multan, Pakistan
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36
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Liang X, Feng QN, Li S, Zhang Y. Vacuolar trafficking in pollen tube growth and guidance. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1464854. [PMID: 29701540 PMCID: PMC6103282 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1464854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are versatile organelles in plant cells, critical for growth and responses to environmental cues. Vacuoles are dynamic tubular structures in pollen tubes, the male gametophytes. Mutations at vacuolar fusion machinery caused male gametophytic lethality by affecting pollen tube growth and guidance, which are critical steps leading to angiosperm reproduction. In comparison, the role of vacuolar trafficking and its cargoes in this process is less understood. In this mini-review, we summarize old and recent findings that indicate the involvement of vacuolar trafficking in pollen tube growth and guidance. We also point at future studies that would provide insights into a key role of vacuolar trafficking and its cargos in pollen tube growth and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qiang-Nan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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37
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Burdach Z, Siemieniuk A, Trela Z, Kurtyka R, Karcz W. Role of auxin (IAA) in the regulation of slow vacuolar (SV) channels and the volume of red beet taproot vacuoles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:102. [PMID: 29866031 PMCID: PMC5987474 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin (IAA) is a central player in plant cell growth. In contrast to the well-established function of the plasma membrane in plant cell expansion, little is known about the role of the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) in this process. RESULTS It was found that under symmetrical 100 mM K+ and 100 μM cytoplasmic Ca2+ the macroscopic currents showed a typical slow activation and a strong outward rectification of the steady-state currents. The addition of IAA at a final concentration of 1 μM to the bath medium stimulated the SV currents, whereas at 0.1 and 10 μM slight inhibition of SV currents was observed. The time constant, τ, decreased in the presence of this hormone. When single channels were analyzed, an increase in their activity was recorded with IAA compared to the control. The single-channel recordings that were obtained in the presence of IAA showed that auxin increased the amplitude of the single-channel currents. Interestingly, the addition of IAA to the bath medium with the same composition as the one that was used in the patch-clamp experiments showed that auxin decreased the volume of the vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the SV channels and the volume of red beet taproot vacuoles are modulated by auxin (IAA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Burdach
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Siemieniuk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Zenon Trela
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Renata Kurtyka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Waldemar Karcz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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38
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Hima Kumari P, Anil Kumar S, Ramesh K, Sudhakar Reddy P, Nagaraju M, Bhanu Prakash A, Shah T, Henderson A, Srivastava RK, Rajasheker G, Chitikineni A, Varshney RK, Rathnagiri P, Lakshmi Narasu M, Kavi Kishor PB. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Arabidopsis Sodium Proton Antiporter (NHX) and Human Sodium Proton Exchanger (NHE) Homologs in Sorghum bicolor. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050236. [PMID: 29751546 PMCID: PMC5977176 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Na⁺ transporters play an important role during salt stress and development. The present study is aimed at genome-wide identification, in silico analysis of sodium-proton antiporter (NHX) and sodium-proton exchanger (NHE)-type transporters in Sorghum bicolor and their expression patterns under varied abiotic stress conditions. In Sorghum, seven NHX and nine NHE homologs were identified. Amiloride (a known inhibitor of Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger activity) binding motif was noticed in both types of the transporters. Chromosome 2 was found to be a hotspot region with five sodium transporters. Phylogenetic analysis inferred six ortholog and three paralog groups. To gain an insight into functional divergence of SbNHX/NHE transporters, real-time gene expression was performed under salt, drought, heat, and cold stresses in embryo, root, stem, and leaf tissues. Expression patterns revealed that both SbNHXs and SbNHEs are responsive either to single or multiple abiotic stresses. The predicted protein⁻protein interaction networks revealed that only SbNHX7 is involved in the calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL)- CBL interacting protein kinases (CIPK) pathway. The study provides insights into the functional divergence of SbNHX/NHE transporter genes with tissue specific expressions in Sorghum under different abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hima Kumari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
| | - S Anil Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
| | - Katam Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - M Nagaraju
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - A Bhanu Prakash
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - Trushar Shah
- IITA-Kenya c/o International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Ashley Henderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
- Ottawa University, Ottawa, KS 66067, USA.
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - G Rajasheker
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - A Chitikineni
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - P Rathnagiri
- Genomix CARL Pvt. Ltd. Rayalapuram Road, Pulivendula, 516 390, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - M Lakshmi Narasu
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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39
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Carella P, Gogleva A, Tomaselli M, Alfs C, Schornack S. Phytophthora palmivora establishes tissue-specific intracellular infection structures in the earliest divergent land plant lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3846-E3855. [PMID: 29615512 DOI: 10.1101/188912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of plants onto land was a formative event that brought forth profound changes to the earth's geochemistry and biota. Filamentous eukaryotic microbes developed the ability to colonize plant tissues early during the evolution of land plants, as demonstrated by intimate, symbiosis-like associations in >400 million-year-old fossils. However, the degree to which filamentous microbes establish pathogenic interactions with early divergent land plants is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the broad host-range oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora colonizes liverworts, the earliest divergent land plant lineage. We show that P. palmivora establishes a complex tissue-specific interaction with Marchantia polymorpha, where it completes a full infection cycle within air chambers of the dorsal photosynthetic layer. Remarkably, P. palmivora invaginates M. polymorpha cells with haustoria-like structures that accumulate host cellular trafficking machinery and the membrane syntaxin MpSYP13B, but not the related MpSYP13A. Our results indicate that the intracellular accommodation of filamentous microbes is an ancient plant trait that is successfully exploited by pathogens like P. palmivora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Gogleva
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Tomaselli
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin Alfs
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
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40
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Phytophthora palmivora establishes tissue-specific intracellular infection structures in the earliest divergent land plant lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3846-E3855. [PMID: 29615512 PMCID: PMC5910834 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of liverworts as the earliest diverging land plant lineage to support fungal symbiosis, it is unknown whether filamentous pathogens can establish intracellular interactions within living cells of these nonvascular plants. Here, we demonstrate that an oomycete pathogen invades Marchantia polymorpha and related liverworts to form intracellular infection structures inside cells of the photosynthetic layer. Plants lacking this tissue layer display enhanced resistance to infection, revealing an architectural susceptibility factor in complex thalloid liverworts. Moreover, we show that dedicated host cellular trafficking proteins are recruited to pathogen interfaces within liverwort cells, supporting the idea that intracellular responses to microbial invasion originated in nonvascular plants. The expansion of plants onto land was a formative event that brought forth profound changes to the earth’s geochemistry and biota. Filamentous eukaryotic microbes developed the ability to colonize plant tissues early during the evolution of land plants, as demonstrated by intimate, symbiosis-like associations in >400 million-year-old fossils. However, the degree to which filamentous microbes establish pathogenic interactions with early divergent land plants is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the broad host-range oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora colonizes liverworts, the earliest divergent land plant lineage. We show that P. palmivora establishes a complex tissue-specific interaction with Marchantia polymorpha, where it completes a full infection cycle within air chambers of the dorsal photosynthetic layer. Remarkably, P. palmivora invaginates M. polymorpha cells with haustoria-like structures that accumulate host cellular trafficking machinery and the membrane syntaxin MpSYP13B, but not the related MpSYP13A. Our results indicate that the intracellular accommodation of filamentous microbes is an ancient plant trait that is successfully exploited by pathogens like P. palmivora.
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41
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Distinct sets of tethering complexes, SNARE complexes, and Rab GTPases mediate membrane fusion at the vacuole in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2457-E2466. [PMID: 29463724 PMCID: PMC5877921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717839115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant vacuoles play unique roles such as storage and coloring, in addition to lysosomal/vacuolar functions shared by eukaryotes: degradation and recycling of waste. To fulfill these complex and specialized functions, plant vacuolar trafficking occurs through multiple, uniquely regulated transport pathways. Two evolutionarily conserved tethering complexes, homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) and class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET), are involved in lysosomal/vacuolar trafficking in nonplant systems, although they also exist in plants. However, it remains almost entirely unknown how these tethering complexes regulate the unique aspects of plant vacuolar transport. Here, we show that HOPS and CORVET mediate distinct vacuolar trafficking pathways in coordination with different sets of soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins and RAB GTPase. Our findings provide further evidence for the unique evolutionary diversification of the vacuolar transport system in plants. Membrane trafficking plays pivotal roles in various cellular activities and higher-order functions of eukaryotes and requires tethering factors to mediate contact between transport intermediates and target membranes. Two evolutionarily conserved tethering complexes, homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) and class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET), are known to act in endosomal/vacuolar transport in yeast and animals. Both complexes share a core subcomplex consisting of Vps11, Vps18, Vps16, and Vps33, and in addition to this core, HOPS contains Vps39 and Vps41, whereas CORVET contains Vps3 and Vps8. HOPS and CORVET subunits are also conserved in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, vacuolar trafficking in plants occurs through multiple unique transport pathways, and how these conserved tethering complexes mediate endosomal/vacuolar transport in plants has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the functions of VPS18, VPS3, and VPS39, which are core complex, CORVET-specific, and HOPS-specific subunits, respectively. Impairment of these tethering proteins resulted in embryonic lethality, distinctly altering vacuolar morphology and perturbing transport of a vacuolar membrane protein. CORVET interacted with canonical RAB5 and a plant-specific R-soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE), VAMP727, which mediates fusion between endosomes and the vacuole, whereas HOPS interacted with RAB7 and another R-SNARE, VAMP713, which likely mediates homotypic vacuolar fusion. These results indicate that CORVET and HOPS act in distinct vacuolar trafficking pathways in plant cells, unlike those of nonplant systems that involve sequential action of these tethering complexes during vacuolar/lysosomal trafficking. These results highlight a unique diversification of vacuolar/lysosomal transport that arose during plant evolution, using evolutionarily conserved tethering components.
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Hatsugai N, Nakatsuji A, Unten O, Ogasawara K, Kondo M, Nishimura M, Shimada T, Katagiri F, Hara-Nishimura I. Involvement of Adapter Protein Complex 4 in Hypersensitive Cell Death Induced by Avirulent Bacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1824-1834. [PMID: 29242374 PMCID: PMC5813582 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity to avirulent bacterial pathogens is associated with subcellular membrane dynamics including fusion between the vacuolar and plasma membranes, resulting in hypersensitive cell death. Here, we report that ADAPTOR PROTEIN COMPLEX-4 (AP-4) subunits are involved in plant immunity associated with hypersensitive cell death. We isolated a mutant with a defect in resistance to an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 avrRpm1 from a vacuolar protein sorting mutant library of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The mutant was identical to gfs4-1, which has a mutation in the gene encoding the AP-4 subunit AP4B. Thus, we focused on AP4B and another subunit, AP4E. All of the mutants (ap4b-3, ap4b-4, ap4e-1, and ap4e-2) were defective in hypersensitive cell death and resistance to Pto DC3000 with the type III effector AvrRpm1 or AvrRpt2, both of which are recognized on the plasma membrane, while they showed slightly enhanced susceptibility to the type-III-secretion-deficient P. syringae strain hrcC On the other hand, both ap4b-3 and ap4b-4 showed no defect in resistance to Pto DC3000 with the type III effector AvrRps4, which is recognized in the cytosol and does not induce hypersensitive cell death. Upon infection with Pto DC3000 avrRpt2, the ap4b-3 and ap4b-4 leaf cells did not show fusion between vacuolar and plasma membranes, whereas the wild-type leaf cells did. These results suggest that AP-4 contributes to cell death-associated immunity, possibly via membrane fusion, after type III effector-recognition on the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Hatsugai
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Cooperative Projects, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Aya Nakatsuji
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Unten
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kimi Ogasawara
- Research Center for Cooperative Projects, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Maki Kondo
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Katagiri
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
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Cna'ani A, Shavit R, Ravid J, Aravena-Calvo J, Skaliter O, Masci T, Vainstein A. Phenylpropanoid Scent Compounds in Petunia x hybrida Are Glycosylated and Accumulate in Vacuoles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1898. [PMID: 29163617 PMCID: PMC5675896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Floral scent has been studied extensively in the model plant Petunia. However, little is known about the intracellular fate of scent compounds. Here, we characterize the glycosylation of phenylpropanoid scent compounds in Petunia x hybrida. This modification reduces scent compounds' volatility, reactivity, and autotoxicity while increasing their water-solubility. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed that flowers of petunia cultivars accumulate substantial amounts of glycosylated scent compounds and that their increasing level parallels flower development. In contrast to the pool of accumulated aglycones, which drops considerably at the beginning of the light period, the collective pool of glycosides starts to increase at that time and does not decrease thereafter. The glycoside pool is dynamic and is generated or catabolized during peak scent emission, as inferred from phenylalanine isotope-feeding experiments. Using several approaches, we show that phenylpropanoid scent compounds are stored as glycosides in the vacuoles of petal cells: ectopic expression of Aspergillus niger β-glucosidase-1 targeted to the vacuole resulted in decreased glycoside accumulation; GC-MS analysis of intact vacuoles isolated from petal protoplasts revealed the presence of glycosylated scent compounds. Accumulation of glycosides in the vacuoles seems to be a common mechanism for phenylpropanoid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Cna'ani
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reut Shavit
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jasmin Ravid
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Javiera Aravena-Calvo
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oded Skaliter
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tania Masci
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Vainstein
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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AtVps11 is essential for vacuole biogenesis in embryo and participates in pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:794-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gujas B, Cruz TMD, Kastanaki E, Vermeer JEM, Munnik T, Rodriguez-Villalon A. Perturbing phosphoinositide homeostasis oppositely affects vascular differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Development 2017; 144:3578-3589. [PMID: 28851711 PMCID: PMC5665488 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant vascular network consists of specialized phloem and xylem elements that undergo two distinct morphogenetic developmental programs to become transport-functional units. Whereas vacuolar rupture is a determinant step in protoxylem differentiation, protophloem elements never form a big central vacuole. Here, we show that a genetic disturbance of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis-phosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] homeostasis rewires cell trafficking towards the vacuole in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Consequently, an enhanced phosphoinositide-mediated vacuolar biogenesis correlates with premature programmed cell death (PCD) and secondary cell wall elaboration in xylem cells. By contrast, vacuolar fusion events in protophloem cells trigger the abnormal formation of big vacuoles, preventing cell clearance and tissue functionality. Removal of the inositol 5' phosphatase COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN 2 from the plasma membrane (PM) by brefeldin A (BFA) treatment increases PtdIns(4,5)P2 content at the PM and disrupts protophloem continuity. Conversely, BFA application abolishes vacuolar fusion events in xylem tissue without preventing PCD, suggesting the existence of additional PtdIns(4,5)P2-dependent cell death mechanisms. Overall, our data indicate that tight PM phosphoinositide homeostasis is required to modulate intracellular trafficking contributing to oppositely regulate vascular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Gujas
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiago M D Cruz
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Kastanaki
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joop E M Vermeer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teun Munnik
- Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antia Rodriguez-Villalon
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Expression and integrated network analyses revealed functional divergence of NHX-type Na +/H + exchanger genes in poplar. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2607. [PMID: 28572621 PMCID: PMC5453932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) are secondary ion transporters to exchange H+ and transfer the Na+ or K+ across membrane, they play crucial roles during plant development and stress responses. To gain insight into the functional divergence of NHX genes in poplar, eight PtNHX were identified from Populus trichocarpa genome. PtNHXs containing 10 transmembrane helices (TMH) and a hydrophilic C-terminal domain, the TMH compose a hollow cylinder to provide the channel for Na+ and H+ transport. The expression patterns and cis-acting elements showed that all the PtNHXs were response to single or multiple stresses including drought, heat, cold, salinity, MV, and ABA. Both the co-expression network and protein-protein interaction network of PtNHXs implying their functional divergence. Interestingly, although PtNHX7 and PtNHX8 were generated by whole genome duplication event, they showed significant differences in expression pattern, protein structure, co-expressed genes, and interacted proteins. Only PtNHX7 interact with CBL and CIPK, indicating PtNHX7 is the primary NHX involved in CBL-CIPK pathway during salt stress responses. Natural variation analysis based on 549 P. trichocarpa individuals indicated the frequency of SNPs in PtNHX7 was significantly higher than other PtNHXs. Our findings provide new insights into the functional divergence of NHX genes in poplar.
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Goldman RP, Jozefkowicz C, Canessa Fortuna A, Sutka M, Alleva K, Ozu M. Tonoplast (BvTIP1;2) and plasma membrane (BvPIP2;1) aquaporins show different mechanosensitive properties. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1555-1565. [PMID: 28486763 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous works proposed that aquaporins behave as mechanosensitive channels. However, principal issues about mechanosensitivity of aquaporins are not known. In this work, we characterized the mechanosensitive properties of the water channels BvTIP1;2 (TIP1) and BvPIP2;1 (PIP2) from red beet (Beta vulgaris). We simultaneously measured the mechanical behavior and the water transport rates during the osmotic response of emptied-out oocytes expressing TIP1 or PIP2. Our results indicate that TIP1 is a mechanosensitive aquaporin, whereas PIP2 is not. We found that a single exponential function between the osmotic permeability coefficient and the volumetric elastic modulus governs the mechanosensitivity of TIP1. Finally, homology modeling analysis indicates that putative residues involved in mechanosensitivity show different quantity and distribution in TIP1 and PIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro P Goldman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO Houssay), Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Jozefkowicz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Canessa Fortuna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Moira Sutka
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Alleva
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Ozu
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO Houssay), Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Konopka-Postupolska D, Clark G. Annexins as Overlooked Regulators of Membrane Trafficking in Plant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E863. [PMID: 28422051 PMCID: PMC5412444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are an evolutionary conserved superfamily of proteins able to bind membrane phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. Their physiological roles are still being intensively examined and it seems that, despite their general structural similarity, individual proteins are specialized toward specific functions. However, due to their general ability to coordinate membranes in a calcium-sensitive fashion they are thought to participate in membrane flow. In this review, we present a summary of the current understanding of cellular transport in plant cells and consider the possible roles of annexins in different stages of vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Konopka-Postupolska
- Plant Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Greg Clark
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Steffens A, Jakoby M, Hülskamp M. Physical, Functional and Genetic Interactions between the BEACH Domain Protein SPIRRIG and LIP5 and SKD1 and Its Role in Endosomal Trafficking to the Vacuole in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1969. [PMID: 29209342 PMCID: PMC5701936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Beige and Chediak Higashi (BEACH) domain-containing proteins (BDCPs) are facilitators of membrane-dependent cellular processes in eukaryotes. Mutations in BDCPs cause malfunctions of endosomal compartments in various cell types. Recently, the molecular analysis of the BDCP homolog gene SPIRRIG (SPI) has revealed a molecular function in P-bodies and the regulation of RNA stability. We therefore aimed to analyze, whether SPI has also a role in membrane-dependent processes. In this study, we show that SPI physically interacts with endosomal sorting complex required for transport associated ATPase Suppressor of K+-transport growth defect1 (SKD1) and its positive regulator, LYST Interacting Protein 5 (LIP5) and report genetic interactions between SPI and SKD1 and LIP5. We further show that the endosomal transport route of soluble proteins to the lytic vacuole is disturbed in spi lip5 double mutants but not in the single mutants. These vacuolar transport defects were suppressed by additional expression of SKD1. Our results indicate that the BEACH domain protein SPI has in addition to a role in P-bodies a function in endosomal transport routes.
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van de Meene AML, Doblin MS, Bacic A. The plant secretory pathway seen through the lens of the cell wall. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:75-94. [PMID: 26993347 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Secretion in plant cells is often studied by looking at well-characterised, evolutionarily conserved membrane proteins associated with particular endomembrane compartments. Studies using live cell microscopy and fluorescent proteins have illuminated the highly dynamic nature of trafficking, and electron microscopy studies have resolved the ultrastructure of many compartments. Biochemical and molecular analyses have further informed about the function of particular proteins and endomembrane compartments. In plants, there are over 40 cell types, each with highly specialised functions, and hence potential variations in cell biological processes and cell wall structure. As the primary function of secretion in plant cells is for the biosynthesis of cell wall polysaccharides and apoplastic transport complexes, it follows that utilising our knowledge of cell wall glycosyltransferases (GTs) and their polysaccharide products will inform us about secretion. Indeed, this knowledge has led to novel insights into the secretory pathway, including previously unseen post-TGN secretory compartments. Conversely, our knowledge of trafficking routes of secretion will inform us about polarised and localised deposition of cell walls and their constituent polysaccharides/glycoproteins. In this review, we look at what is known about cell wall biosynthesis and the secretory pathway and how the different approaches can be used in a complementary manner to study secretion and provide novel insights into these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M L van de Meene
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - M S Doblin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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