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El-Mahdy MT, Ali M, Pisam WMM, Abeed AHA. Physiological and molecular analysis of pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) reveal up-regulation of secondary metabolites, nitric oxide, antioxidant defense system, and expression of responsive genes under low-temperature stress by the pre-treatment of hydrogen peroxide. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108840. [PMID: 38908352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Low-temperature events are one of the leading environmental cues that considerably reduce plant growth and shift species biodiversity. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a signaling molecule that has a distinguished role during unfavorable conditions and shows outstanding perspectives in low-temperature stress. Herein, we elucidated the protective role and regulatory mechanism of H2O2 in alleviating the deleterious effects of low-temperature stress in pitaya plants. Micropropagated pitaya plants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with different levels of H2O2 (0, 5, 10, and 20 mM) and then exposed to low-temperature stress (5 °C for 24 h). H2O2 at 10 mM, improved low-temperature stress tolerance by relieving oxidative injuries and ameliorating growth parameters in terms of fresh weight (66.7%), plant length (16.7%), and pigments content viz., chlorophyll a (157.4%), chlorophyll b (209.1%), and carotenoids (225.9%). H2O2 counteracted the low-temperature stress by increasing amino acids (224.7%), soluble proteins (190.5%), and sugars (126.6%). Simultaneously, secondary metabolites like ascorbic acid (ASA), anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, total antioxidant (TOA), and proline were also up-regulated by H2O2 (104.9%, 128.8%, 166.3%, 141.4%, and 436.4%, respectively). These results corresponded to the stimulative role triggered by H2O2 in boosting the activities of catalase (22.4%), ascorbate peroxidase (20.7%), superoxide dismutase (88.4%), polyphenol oxidase (60.7%), soluble peroxidase (23.8%), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (57.1%) as well as the expression level of HpCAT, HpAPX, HpSOD, HpPPO, and HpPAL genes, which may help to moderate low-temperature stress. In conclusion, our findings stipulate new insights into the mechanisms by which H2O2 regulates low-temperature stress tolerance in pitaya plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa T El-Mahdy
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Ali
- Maryout Research Station, Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center, 1 Mathaf El-Matarya St., El-Matareya, Cairo, 11753, Egypt.
| | - Walid M M Pisam
- Horticulture Department (Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt.
| | - Amany H A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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Wei X, Tao K, Liu Z, Qin B, Su J, Luo Y, Zhao C, Liao J, Zhang J. The PPO family in Nicotiana tabacum is an important regulator to participate in pollination. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38331761 PMCID: PMC10854075 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are type-3 copper enzymes and are involved in many biological processes. However, the potential functions of PPOs in pollination are not fully understood. In this work, we have screened 13 PPO members in Nicotiana. tabacum (named NtPPO1-13, NtPPOs) to explore their characteristics and functions in pollination. The results show that NtPPOs are closely related to PPOs in Solanaceae and share conserved domains except NtPPO4. Generally, NtPPOs are diversely expressed in different tissues and are distributed in pistil and male gametes. Specifically, NtPPO9 and NtPPO10 are highly expressed in the pistil and mature anther. In addition, the expression levels and enzyme activities of NtPPOs are increased after N. tabacum self-pollination. Knockdown of NtPPOs would affect pollen growth after pollination, and the purines and flavonoid compounds are accumulated in self-pollinated pistil. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that NtPPOs potentially play a role in the pollen tube growth after pollination through purines and flavonoid compounds, and will provide new insights into the role of PPOs in plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wei
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Keliang Tao
- School of Life Science, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhengmei Liu
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Boyuan Qin
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Life Science, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yanbi Luo
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chunwen Zhao
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jugou Liao
- School of Life Science, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China.
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Wei X, Shu J, Fahad S, Tao K, Zhang J, Chen G, Liang Y, Wang M, Chen S, Liao J. Polyphenol oxidases regulate pollen development through modulating flavonoids homeostasis in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107702. [PMID: 37099880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is critical in plant reproduction. Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) genes encode defense-related enzymes, but the role of PPOs in pollen development remains largely unexplored. Here, we characterized NtPPO genes, and then investigated their function in pollen via creating NtPPO9/10 double knockout mutant (cas-1), overexpression 35S::NtPPO10 (cosp) line and RNAi lines against all NtPPOs in Nicotiana tabacum. NtPPOs were abundantly expressed in the anther and pollen (especially NtPPO9/10). The pollen germination, polarity ratio and fruit weights were significantly reduced in the NtPPO-RNAi and cosp lines, while they were normal in cas-1 likely due to compensation by other NtPPO isoforms. Comparisons of metabolites and transcripts between the pollen of WT and NtPPO-RNAi, or cosp showed that decreased enzymatic activity of NtPPOs led to hyper-accumulation of flavonoids. This accumulation might reduce the content of ROS. Ca2+ and actin levels also decreased in pollen of the transgenic lines.Thus, the NtPPOs regulate pollen germination through the flavonoid homeostasis and ROS signal pathway. This finding provides novel insights into the native physiological functions of PPOs in pollen during reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China; School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Shu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Keliang Tao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Gonglin Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yingchong Liang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China
| | | | - Suiyun Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Jugou Liao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China.
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Makarova LE, Akimova GP, Ischenko AA, Bizikov PA, Kopyrtina TV. The Effects of Exogenous IAA and BAP on the Metabolism of the Adhesion Zone Cells in Pea Seedling Roots (Pisum sativum L.) in the Initial Periods of Interaction with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683823010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Nikerova KM, Galibina NA, Sinkevich SM, Sofronova IN, Borodina MN, Moshchenskaya YL, Tarelkina TV, Klimova AV. Biochemical Aspects of the Spiral Grain Formation in Scots Pine ( Pinus Sylvestris L.) Wood. Some Differences and Similarities with Biochemical Indicators of Abnormal Xylogenesis in Karelian Birch ( Betula Pendula Roth Var. Carelica (Mercl.) Hämet-Ahti). Protein Pept Lett 2023; 30:763-776. [PMID: 37622712 DOI: 10.2174/0929866530666230824101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AOS enzymes can be biochemical indicators of abnormal xylogenesis in Scots pine, and this mechanism has similar features with the metabolic base of abnormal xylogenesis in Karelian birch. OBJECTIVE AOS enzymes' activity in 150-300-year-old Pinus sylvestris L. wood with straight-- grained wood and right-twisted spiral-grained wood, expressed in varying degrees (5-20 angle), grew in three sample plots in lingonberry and blueberry pine forest stands of different ages (100-300 years) in the middle taiga subzone in the Republic of Karelia. METHODS Plant tissues were ground in liquid nitrogen in a uniform mass and homogenized at 4°C in the buffer containing 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 3 mM DTT, 5 mM MgCl2 and 0.5 mM PMSF. After 20 min extraction, the homogenate was centrifuged at 10000 g for 20 min (MPW-351R, Poland). The sediment was washed in the buffer thrice. The pooled supernatant and sediment were dialyzed at 4°C for 18-20 h against a tenfold diluted homogenization buffer. The enzymes' activity was determined spectrophotometrically (Spectrophotometer SF-2000, OKB Spectr, Russia). Proteins in the extracts were quantified by the method of Bradford. RESULTS The study showed that the activity of SS, ApInv, CAT, POD and PPO in xylem and PPO in phloem were biochemical indicators for abnormal wood of P. sylvestris. We noticed an increase in sucrose metabolism in the apoplast and the activity of POD and PPO under spiral-grain wood formation like under figured wood formation earlier. We assume that the alternative pathway of sucrose metabolism (an indicator of abnormal xylogenesis in B. pendula var. carelica plants) that lead to restructuring of AOS enzymes have the same biochemical regularities in the spiral-grain wood formation in P. sylvestris. CONCLUSION The study showed that the differences in the AOS enzyme's activity in P. sylvestris during the formation of straight-grained and spiral-grained wood were revealed for the first time. The increased CAT, POD and PPO activities in xylem with a decrease in SS and an increase in Ap- Inv during spiral-grained wood formation can be biochemical markers of these structural anomalies. Metabolic regularities found in the AOS enzyme complex during spiral-grained wood formation do not contradict those found earlier during figured wood formation in B. pendula var. carelica. The identified patterns can form the base for diagnostics of P. sylvestris wood quality in forest seed plantations and in their natural growth, which is necessary both for fundamental science and in various industry areas while high-quality material harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Mihajlovna Nikerova
- Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science(FRI KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya St., 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Natalia Alekseevna Galibina
- Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science(FRI KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya St., 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Sergey Mihajlovich Sinkevich
- Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science(FRI KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya St., 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Irina Nikolaevna Sofronova
- Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science(FRI KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya St., 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Marina Nikolaevna Borodina
- Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science(FRI KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya St., 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Yuliya Leonidovna Moshchenskaya
- Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science(FRI KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya St., 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Tatiana Vladimirovna Tarelkina
- Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science(FRI KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya St., 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Anna Vladimirovna Klimova
- Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science(FRI KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya St., 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
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Ilyas M, Shah S, Lai YW, Sher J, Bai T, Zaman F, Bibi F, Koul M, Wani SH, Majrashi A, Alharby HF, Hakeem KR, Wang YJ, Rather SA. Leaf Functional Traits of Invasive Grasses Conferring High-Cadmium Adaptation Over Natives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869072. [PMID: 35720536 PMCID: PMC9202595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination resulting from industrialization and urbanization during the Anthropocene along with plant invasion can severely threaten the growth and adaptation of local flora. Invasive alien plant species generally exhibit a growth pattern consistent with their functional traits in non-contaminated environments in the introduced range. However, it remains unclear whether invasive alien plants have an advantage over native plants in contaminated environments and whether this growth pattern is dependent on the adaptation of their leaf functional traits. Here, we selected two congeneric pairs of invasive alien and native grasses that naturally co-exist in China and are commonly found growing in contaminated soil. To evaluate the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the structural and physiological leaf traits, we grew all four species in soil contaminated without or with 80 mg/kg Cd. Invasive plants contained significantly higher concentrations of Cd in all three organs (leaf, stem, and root). They displayed a higher transfer factor and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of shoot and root than natives, indicating that invasive species are potential Cd hyperaccumulators. Invasive plants accumulated polyphenol oxidase (PPO) to higher levels than natives and showed similar patterns of leaf structural and physiological traits in response to changes in Cd bioconcentration. The quantifiable leaf structural traits of invasive plants were significantly greater (except for stomatal density and number of dead leaves) than native plants. Leaf physiological traits, chlorophyll content, and flavonoid content were also significantly higher in invasive plants than in natives under Cd stress conditions after 4 weeks, although nitrogen balance index (NBI) showed no significant difference between the two species. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased, except for the quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and the proportion of open photosystem II (qP), which increased under Cd stress conditions in both species. However, invasive plants exhibited higher fluorescence parameters than natives under Cd stress, and the decrement observed in invasive plants under Cd stress was greater than that in natives. High Cd adaptation of invasive grasses over natives suggests that invasive plants possess optimal leaf structural and physiological traits, which enable them to adapt to stressful conditions and capture resources more quickly than natives. This study further emphasizes the potential invasion of alien plants in contaminated soil environments within the introduced range. To a certain extent, some non-invasive alien plants might adapt to metalliferous environments and serve as hyperaccumulator candidates in phytoremediation projects in contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ilyas
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sakhawat Shah
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Wen Lai
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jan Sher
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, Wuhan, China
| | - Fawad Zaman
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Farkhanda Bibi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | - Monika Koul
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ali Majrashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shabir A. Rather
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
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Sullivan ML, Knollenberg BJ. Red Clover HDT, a BAHD Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A:L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase That Synthesizes Clovamide and Other N-Hydroxycinnamoyl-Aromatic Amino Acid Amides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:727461. [PMID: 34868112 PMCID: PMC8641662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.727461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Red clover leaves accumulate high levels (up to 1 to 2% of dry matter) of two caffeic acid derivatives: phaselic acid (2-O-caffeoyl-L-malate) and clovamide [N-caffeoyl-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)]. These likely play roles in protecting the plant from biotic and abiotic stresses but can also help preserve protein during harvest and storage of the forage via oxidation by an endogenous polyphenol oxidase. We previously identified and characterized, a hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A (CoA):malate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HMT) from red clover. Here, we identified a hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:L-DOPA hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HDT) activity in unexpanded red clover leaves. Silencing of the previously cloned HMT gene reduced both HMT and HDT activities in red clover, even though the HMT enzyme lacks HDT activity. A combination of PCR with degenerate primers based on BAHD hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA transferase sequences and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to clone two nearly identical cDNAs from red clover. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the encoded proteins were capable of transferring hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric, caffeic, or ferulic) from the corresponding CoA thioesters to the aromatic amino acids L-Phe, L-Tyr, L-DOPA, or L-Trp. Kinetic parameters for these substrates were determined. Stable expression of HDT in transgenic alfalfa resulted in foliar accumulation of p-coumaroyl- and feruloyl-L-Tyr that are not normally present in alfalfa, but not derivatives containing caffeoyl or L-DOPA moieties. Transient expression of HDT in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the production of caffeoyl-L-Tyr, but not clovamide. Coexpression of HDT with a tyrosine hydroxylase resulted in clovamide accumulation, indicating the host species' pool of available amino acid (and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA) substrates likely plays a major role in determining HDT product accumulation in planta. Finally, that HDT and HMT proteins share a high degree of identity (72%), but differ substantially in substrate specificity, is promising for further investigation of structure-function relationships of this class of enzymes, which could allow the rational design of BAHD enzymes with specific and desirable activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin J. Knollenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Ochieno DMW, Karoney EM, Muge EK, Nyaboga EN, Baraza DL, Shibairo SI, Naluyange V. Rhizobium-Linked Nutritional and Phytochemical Changes Under Multitrophic Functional Contexts in Sustainable Food Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.604396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are bacteria that exhibit both endophytic and free-living lifestyles. Endophytic rhizobial strains are widely known to infect leguminous host plants, while some do infect non-legumes. Infection of leguminous roots often results in the formation of root nodules. Associations between rhizobia and host plants may result in beneficial or non-beneficial effects. Such effects are linked to various biochemical changes that have far-reaching implications on relationships between host plants and the dependent multitrophic biodiversity. This paper explores relationships that exist between rhizobia and various plant species. Emphasis is on nutritional and phytochemical changes that occur in rhizobial host plants, and how such changes affect diverse consumers at different trophic levels. The purpose of this paper is to bring into context various aspects of such interactions that could improve knowledge on the application of rhizobia in different fields. The relevance of rhizobia in sustainable food systems is addressed in context.
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Rivard C, Amenc L, Benlahrech S, Makoudi B, Teffahi M, Castillo-Michel HA, Cotte M, Lassalle-Kaiser B, Drevon JJ. Synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence shows sulfur accumulation in the middle cortex of N 2-fixing legume nodules. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1025-1035. [PMID: 30834984 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) are essential elements for plant growth and physiological functioning. Their deficiency can limit N2 fixation and nodule development in nodulated legumes. The location of S within nodule tissues could provide insights into S metabolism and its little-known relationship with N2 fixation. Determinate and indeterminate nodules were inoculated with specific rhizobia and grown hydroaeroponically under sufficient versus deficient P supplies. Cryogenic and freeze-dried thin sections of nodules at the flowering stage were mapped using synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence to determine the S distribution within the nodule tissues with a spatial resolution of 2 or 3 μm. A large accumulation of S was found in the middle cortex for both types of nodules. S was also found in all of the other tissues but with a significantly lower signal. In the middle cortex, P deficiency decreased the S maximum fluorescence intensity by 20% and 25% for the determinate and indeterminate nodules, respectively. In addition, Mg and Cl maps were also collected showing that Mg was mostly localized in the middle and inner cortex, forming a Mg-rich ring consisting of several cell layers for the determinate nodules compared with only one cell layer for the indeterminate nodules. Cl was mainly accumulated in the outer cortex. It is concluded that the accumulation of S in the middle cortex is consistent with its involvement in the ionic equilibrium of the nodule, and in the osmotic variation of the inner cortex cell-size, which would regulate nodule permeability to oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Rivard
- DPT CEPIA, INRA, 44316, Nantes, France.
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Laurie Amenc
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Samia Benlahrech
- Laboratoire de Production Végétale, LPV, ENSA, 16004, El Harrach, Algeria
| | - Bouchra Makoudi
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Mustapha Teffahi
- Laboratoire de Production Végétale, LPV, ENSA, 16004, El Harrach, Algeria
| | | | - Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire d'archeologie moleculaire et structurale, LAMS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Drevon
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France.
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Olmedo P, Moreno AA, Sanhueza D, Balic I, Silva-Sanzana C, Zepeda B, Verdonk JC, Arriagada C, Meneses C, Campos-Vargas R. A catechol oxidase AcPPO from cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is localized to the Golgi apparatus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 266:46-54. [PMID: 29241566 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cherimoya (Annona cherimola) is an exotic fruit with attractive organoleptic characteristics. However, it is highly perishable and susceptible to postharvest browning. In fresh fruit, browning is primarily caused by the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of o-diphenols to quinones, which polymerize to form brown melanin pigment. There is no consensus in the literature regarding a specific role of PPO, and its subcellular localization in different plant species is mainly described within plastids. The present work determined the subcellular localization of a PPO protein from cherimoya (AcPPO). The obtained results revealed that the AcPPO- green fluorescent protein co-localized with a Golgi apparatus marker, and AcPPO activity was present in Golgi apparatus-enriched fractions. Likewise, transient expression assays revealed that AcPPO remained active in Golgi apparatus-enriched fractions obtained from tobacco leaves. These results suggest a putative function of AcPPO in the Golgi apparatus of cherimoya, providing new perspectives on PPO functionality in the secretory pathway, its effects on cherimoya physiology, and the evolution of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Olmedo
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Adrián A Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Dayan Sanhueza
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Iván Balic
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Universidad de Los Lagos, Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno, Chile.
| | - Christian Silva-Sanzana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Baltasar Zepeda
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Julian C Verdonk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - César Arriagada
- Laboratorio Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar1145, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
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Boeckx T, Webster R, Winters AL, Webb KJ, Gay A, Kingston-Smith AH. Polyphenol oxidase-mediated protection against oxidative stress is not associated with enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:529-40. [PMID: 26041733 PMCID: PMC4577998 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) catalyse the oxidation of monophenols and/or o-diphenols to highly reactive o-quinones, which in turn interact with oxygen and proteins to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and typical brown-pigmented complexes. Hence PPOs can affect local levels of oxygen and ROS. Although the currently known substrates are located in the vacuole, the enzyme is targeted to the thylakoid lumen, suggesting a role for PPOs in photosynthesis. The current study was designed to investigate the potential involvement of PPOs in the photosynthetic response to oxidative stress. METHODS Photosynthesis (A, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qN, qP, NPQ) was measured in leaves of a wild-type and a low-PPO mutant of red clover (Trifolium pratense 'Milvus') under control conditions and under a stress treatment designed to induce photooxidative stress: cold/high light (2 °C/580 µmol m(2 )s(-1)) or 0-10 µm methyl viologen. Foliar protein content and oxidation state were also determined. KEY RESULTS Photosynthetic performance, and chlorophyll and protein content during 4 d of cold/high light stress and 3 d of subsequent recovery under control growth conditions showed similar susceptibility to stress in both lines. However, more extensive oxidative damage to protein in mutants than wild-types was observed after treatment of attached leaves with methyl viologen. In addition, PPO activity could be associated with an increased capacity to dissipate excess energy, but only at relatively low methyl viologen doses. CONCLUSIONS The presence of PPO activity in leaves did not correspond to a direct role for the enzyme in the regulation or protection of photosynthesis under cold stress. However, an indication that PPO could be involved in cellular protection against low-level oxidative stress requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Boeckx
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Richard Webster
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Ana L Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3FG, UK
| | - K Judith Webb
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Alan Gay
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Alison H Kingston-Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3FG, UK
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Boeckx T, Winters AL, Webb KJ, Kingston-Smith AH. Polyphenol oxidase in leaves: is there any significance to the chloroplastic localization? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3571-9. [PMID: 25873687 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) catalyses the oxidation of monophenols and/or o-diphenols to o-quinones with the concomitant reduction of oxygen to water which results in protein complexing and the formation of brown melanin pigments. The most frequently suggested role for PPO in plants has been in defence against herbivores and pathogens, based on the physical separation of the chloroplast-localized enzyme from the vacuole-localized substrates. The o-quinone-protein complexes, formed as a consequence of cell damage, may reduce the nutritional value of the tissue and thereby reduce predation but can also participate in the formation of structural barriers against invading pathogens. However, since a sufficient level of compartmentation-based regulation could be accomplished if PPO was targeted to the cytosol, the benefit derived by some plant species in having PPO present in the chloroplast lumen remains an intriguing question. So is there more to the chloroplastic location of PPO? An interaction between PPO activity and photosynthesis has been proposed on more than one occasion but, to date, evidence either for or against direct involvement has been equivocal, and the lack of identified chloroplastic substrates remains an issue. Similarly, PPO has been suggested to have both pro- and anti-oxidant functions. Nevertheless, several independent lines of evidence suggest that PPO responds to environmental conditions and could be involved in the response of plants to abiotic stress. This review highlights our current understanding of the in vivo functions of PPO and considers the potential opportunities it presents for exploitation to increase stress tolerance in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Boeckx
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Ana L Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK
| | - K Judith Webb
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Alison H Kingston-Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK
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