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Gowda SA, Shrestha N, Harris TM, Phillips AZ, Fang H, Sood S, Zhang K, Bourland F, Bart R, Kuraparthy V. Identification and genomic characterization of major effect bacterial blight resistance locus (BB-13) in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4421-4436. [PMID: 36208320 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Identification and genomic characterization of major resistance locus against cotton bacterial blight (CBB) using GWAS and linkage mapping to enable genomics-based development of durable CBB resistance and gene discovery in cotton. Cotton bacterial leaf blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (Xcm), has periodically been a damaging disease in the USA. Identification and deployment of genetic resistance in cotton cultivars is the most economical and efficient means of reducing crop losses due to CBB. In the current study, genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CBB resistance using an elite diversity panel of 380 accessions, genotyped with the cotton single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 63 K array, and phenotyped with race-18 of CBB, localized the CBB resistance to a 2.01-Mb region in the long arm of chromosome D02. Molecular genetic mapping using an F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population showed the CBB resistance in cultivar Arkot 8102 was controlled by a single locus (BB-13). The BB-13 locus was mapped within the 0.95-cM interval near the telomeric region in the long arm of chromosome D02. Flanking SNP markers, i04890Gh and i04907Gh of the BB-13 locus, identified from the combined linkage analysis and GWAS, targeted it to a 371-Kb genomic region. Candidate gene analysis identified thirty putative gene sequences in the targeted genomic region. Nine of these putative genes and two NBS-LRR genes adjacent to the targeted region were putatively involved in plant disease resistance and are possible candidate genes for BB-13 locus. Genetic mapping and genomic targeting of the BB13 locus in the current study will help in cloning the CBB-resistant gene and establishing the molecular genetic architecture of the BB-13 locus towards developing durable resistance to CBB in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anjan Gowda
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Navin Shrestha
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Taylor M Harris
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anne Z Phillips
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Hui Fang
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Shilpa Sood
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kuang Zhang
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Fred Bourland
- NE Research & Extension Center, Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Keiser, AR, 72351, USA
| | - Rebecca Bart
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Vasu Kuraparthy
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Ramnarine SDBJ, Jayaraman J, Ramsubhag A. Comparative genomics of the black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and non-pathogenic co-inhabitant Xanthomonas melonis from Trinidad reveal unique pathogenicity determinants and secretion system profiles. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12632. [PMID: 35036136 PMCID: PMC8734464 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Black-rot disease caused by the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) continues to have considerable impacts on the productivity of cruciferous crops in Trinidad and Tobago and the wider Caribbean region. While the widespread occurrence of resistance of Xcc against bactericidal agrochemicals can contribute to the high disease burdens, the role of virulence and pathogenicity features of local strains on disease prevalence and severity has not been investigated yet. In the present study, a comparative genomic analysis was performed on 6 pathogenic Xcc and 4 co-isolated non-pathogenic Xanthomonas melonis (Xmel) strains from diseased crucifer plants grown in fields with heavy chemical use in Trinidad. Native isolates were grouped into two known and four newly assigned ribosomal sequence types (rST). Mobile genetic elements were identified which belonged to the IS3, IS5 family, Tn3 transposon, resolvases, and tra T4SS gene clusters. Additionally, exogenous plasmid derived sequences with origins from other bacterial species were characterised. Although several instances of genomic rearrangements were observed, native Xcc and Xmel isolates shared a significant level of structural homology with reference genomes, Xcc ATCC 33913 and Xmel CFBP4644, respectively. Complete T1SS hlyDB, T2SS, T4SS vir and T5SS xadA, yapH and estA gene clusters were identified in both species. Only Xmel strains contained a complete T6SS but no T3SS. Both species contained a complex repertoire of extracellular cell wall degrading enzymes. Native Xcc strains contained 37 T3SS and effector genes but a variable and unique profile of 8 avr, 4 xop and 1 hpa genes. Interestingly, Xmel strains contained several T3SS effectors with low similarity to references including avrXccA1 (~89%), hrpG (~73%), hrpX (~90%) and xopAZ (~87%). Furthermore, only Xmel genomes contained a CRISPR-Cas I-F array, but no lipopolysaccharide wxc gene cluster. Xmel strains were confirmed to be non-pathogenic by pathogenicity assays. The results of this study will be useful to guide future research into virulence mechanisms, agrochemical resistance, pathogenomics and the potential role of the co-isolated non-pathogenic Xanthomonas strains on Xcc infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D B Jr Ramnarine
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jayaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Adesh Ramsubhag
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Gough C, Sadanandom A. Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1122. [PMID: 34439788 PMCID: PMC8392720 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the appropriate time. PTM regulation is essential; pathogen effectors often disrupt PTMs in an attempt to evade immune responses. Here, we cover the mechanisms of disease resistance to pathogens, and how growth is balanced with defence, with a focus on the essential roles of PTMs. Alteration of defence-related PTMs has the potential to fine-tune molecular interactions to produce disease-resistant crops, without trade-offs in growth and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
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Zenda T, Liu S, Dong A, Duan H. Advances in Cereal Crop Genomics for Resilience under Climate Change. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:502. [PMID: 34072447 PMCID: PMC8228855 DOI: 10.3390/life11060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adapting to climate change, providing sufficient human food and nutritional needs, and securing sufficient energy supplies will call for a radical transformation from the current conventional adaptation approaches to more broad-based and transformative alternatives. This entails diversifying the agricultural system and boosting productivity of major cereal crops through development of climate-resilient cultivars that can sustainably maintain higher yields under climate change conditions, expanding our focus to crop wild relatives, and better exploitation of underutilized crop species. This is facilitated by the recent developments in plant genomics, such as advances in genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation, as well as gene editing technologies, which have increased the availability of high-quality reference genomes for various model and non-model plant species. This has necessitated genomics-assisted breeding of crops, including underutilized species, consequently broadening genetic variation of the available germplasm; improving the discovery of novel alleles controlling important agronomic traits; and enhancing creation of new crop cultivars with improved tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and superior nutritive quality. Here, therefore, we summarize these recent developments in plant genomics and their application, with particular reference to cereal crops (including underutilized species). Particularly, we discuss genome sequencing approaches, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association (GWAS) studies, directed mutagenesis, plant non-coding RNAs, precise gene editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9, and complementation of crop genotyping by crop phenotyping. We then conclude by providing an outlook that, as we step into the future, high-throughput phenotyping, pan-genomics, transposable elements analysis, and machine learning hold much promise for crop improvements related to climate resilience and nutritional superiority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.L.); (A.D.)
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura P. Bag 1020, Zimbabwe
| | - Songtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.L.); (A.D.)
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Anyi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.L.); (A.D.)
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Huijun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.L.); (A.D.)
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
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Timilsina S, Potnis N, Newberry EA, Liyanapathiranage P, Iruegas-Bocardo F, White FF, Goss EM, Jones JB. Xanthomonas diversity, virulence and plant-pathogen interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:415-427. [PMID: 32346148 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-0361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas spp. encompass a wide range of plant pathogens that use numerous virulence factors for pathogenicity and fitness in plant hosts. In this Review, we examine recent insights into host-pathogen co-evolution, diversity in Xanthomonas populations and host specificity of Xanthomonas spp. that have substantially improved our fundamental understanding of pathogen biology. We emphasize the virulence factors in xanthomonads, such as type III secreted effectors including transcription activator-like effectors, type II secretion systems, diversity resulting in host specificity, evolution of emerging strains, activation of susceptibility genes and strategies of host evasion. We summarize the genomic diversity in several Xanthomonas spp. and implications for disease outbreaks, management strategies and breeding for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Timilsina
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Neha Potnis
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Eric A Newberry
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Frank F White
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Erica M Goss
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Kud J, Wang W, Gross R, Fan Y, Huang L, Yuan Y, Gray A, Duarte A, Kuhl JC, Caplan A, Goverse A, Liu Y, Dandurand LM, Xiao F. The potato cyst nematode effector RHA1B is a ubiquitin ligase and uses two distinct mechanisms to suppress plant immune signaling. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007720. [PMID: 30978251 PMCID: PMC6461251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and nematodes, rely on wide range of virulent effectors delivered into host cells to suppress plant immunity. Although phytobacterial effectors have been intensively investigated, little is known about the function of effectors of plant-parasitic nematodes, such as Globodera pallida, a cyst nematode responsible for vast losses in the potato and tomato industries. Here, we demonstrate using in vivo and in vitro ubiquitination assays the potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) effector RHA1B is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that employs multiple host plant E2 ubiquitin conjugation enzymes to catalyze ubiquitination. RHA1B was able to suppress effector-triggered immunity (ETI), as manifested by suppression of hypersensitive response (HR) mediated by a broad range of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) immune receptors, presumably via E3-dependent degradation of the NB-LRR receptors. RHA1B also blocked the flg22-triggered expression of Acre31 and WRKY22, marker genes of pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI), but this did not require the E3 activity of RHA1B. Moreover, transgenic potato overexpressing the RHA1B transgene exhibited enhanced susceptibility to G. pallida. Thus, our data suggest RHA1B facilitates nematode parasitism not only by triggering degradation of NB-LRR immune receptors to block ETI signaling but also by suppressing PTI signaling via an as yet unknown E3-independent mechanism. Globodera pallida is a plant-parasitic cyst nematode that causes vast losses in economically important crops such as potato and tomato. To successfully parasitize host plants, G. pallida produces proteins called effectors to overcome plant defenses. Here, we report identification of a novel G. pallida effector RHA1B as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which is responsible for ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation in general. We found that RHA1B can suppress plant defense signaling via both E3-dependent and -independent manners. In particular, it promotes degradation of a broad range of NB-LRR immune receptors. In addition, expression of RHA1B in potato plants made the plants more susceptible to G. pallida infection, indicating that RHA1B acts as an effector that aids parasitism. Overall, we found RHA1B as the first effector with ubiquitin ligase activity identified from eukaryotic pathogen infecting plants or animals. Our data suggest nematode uses RHA1B as a powerful weapon to manipulate host cellular signaling pathways, thereby interfering with plant immunity for successful parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kud
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
- School of Food Science, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Rachel Gross
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Youhong Fan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
- School of Food Science, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Yulin Yuan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Amanda Gray
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Aida Duarte
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Joseph C. Kuhl
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Allan Caplan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Aska Goverse
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Food Science, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Louise-Marie Dandurand
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LMD); (FX)
| | - Fangming Xiao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LMD); (FX)
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Sun J, Cao L, Li H, Wang G, Wang S, Li F, Zou X, Wang J. Early responses given distinct tactics to infection of Peronophythora litchii in susceptible and resistant litchi cultivar. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2810. [PMID: 30808947 PMCID: PMC6391439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Litchi downy blight, a destructive litchi disease caused by Peronophythora litchii, is controlled by intensive fungicide applying. Sources of resistance are used in conventional breeding approaches, but the mechanism is not well understood. Follow-up six years investigation, 'Guiwei' and 'Heiye' displayed stable susceptible and resistant against to P. litchii, respectively. After 72 hour inoculation, 'Heiye' showed few disease spots, while 'Guiwei' appeared brown and covered with white sporangia. Germination of sporangia and growth of mycelium in 'Guiwei' is more quickly than in 'Heiye'. Transcript levels were measured at 6, 24, and 48 hour post-inoculation. 'Oxidation-reduction process' was dramatically enhanced in 'Heiye', which could promote its resistance to pathogen infection. A small ratio (3.78%) of common DEGs indicates that resistant and susceptible cultivars take different strategies to defense against P. litchii. At early infection stage, 'Heiye' induced a larger number of genes, including seven receptor-like kinases, which quickly recognized attack of pathogen and led to a rapidly resistance by regulation of degradation of proteasome, transcription factors, and cell wall remodeling. The early DGEs were exiguous in 'Guiwei', suggesting a weak response. Once the infection was successful, the resistance was repressed by down-regulated genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, ET biosynthesis and signaling conduction in 'Guiwei'. In conclusion, quickly recognition and early responses to pathogen, as well as minimal pathogen development and basal expression of resistance-related genes, were correlated with a high level of resistance in 'Heiye', while susceptible 'Guiwei' suffered massive infection due to lagging response and repressed signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Sun
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, PR China
| | - Lulu Cao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, PR China
| | - Huanling Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, PR China
| | - Guo Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, PR China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zou
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, PR China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, PR China.
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8
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Mücke S, Reschke M, Erkes A, Schwietzer CA, Becker S, Streubel J, Morgan RD, Wilson GG, Grau J, Boch J. Transcriptional Reprogramming of Rice Cells by Xanthomonas oryzae TALEs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:162. [PMID: 30858855 PMCID: PMC6397873 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice-pathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria cause severe harvest loss and challenge a stable food supply. The pathogen virulence relies strongly on bacterial TALE (transcription activator-like effector) proteins that function as transcriptional activators inside the plant cell. To understand the plant targets of TALEs, we determined the genome sequences of the Indian X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) type strain ICMP 3125T and the strain PXO142 from the Philippines. Their complete TALE repertoire was analyzed and genome-wide TALE targets in rice were characterized. Integrating computational target predictions and rice transcriptomics data, we were able to verify 12 specifically induced target rice genes. The TALEs of the Xoo strains were reconstructed and expressed in a TALE-free Xoo strain to attribute specific induced genes to individual TALEs. Using reporter assays, we could show that individual TALEs act directly on their target promoters. In particular, we show that TALE classes assigned by AnnoTALE reflect common target genes, and that TALE classes of Xoo and the related pathogen X. oryzae pv. oryzicola share more common target genes than previously believed. Taken together, we establish a detailed picture of TALE-induced plant processes that significantly expands our understanding of X. oryzae virulence strategies and will facilitate the development of novel resistances to overcome this important rice disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mücke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maik Reschke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Annett Erkes
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia-Alice Schwietzer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Becker
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jana Streubel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Grau
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jens Boch
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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9
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Li P, Liu C, Deng WH, Yao DM, Pan LL, Li YQ, Liu YQ, Liang Y, Zhou XP, Wang XW. Plant begomoviruses subvert ubiquitination to suppress plant defenses against insect vectors. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007607. [PMID: 30789967 PMCID: PMC6400417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most plant viruses are vectored by insects and the interactions of virus-plant-vector have important ecological and evolutionary implications. Insect vectors often perform better on virus-infected plants. This indirect mutualism between plant viruses and insect vectors promotes the spread of virus and has significant agronomical effects. However, few studies have investigated how plant viruses manipulate plant defenses and promote vector performance. Begomoviruses are a prominent group of plant viruses in tropical and sub-tropical agro-ecosystems and are transmitted by whiteflies. Working with the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, begomoviruses and tobacco, we revealed that C2 protein of begomoviruses lacking DNA satellites was responsible for the suppression of plant defenses against whitefly vectors. We found that infection of plants by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), one of the most devastating begomoviruses worldwide, promoted the survival and reproduction of whitefly vectors. TYLCV C2 protein suppressed plant defenses by interacting with plant ubiquitin. This interaction compromised the degradation of JAZ1 protein, thus inhibiting jasmonic acid defense and the expression of MYC2-regulated terpene synthase genes. We further demonstrated that function of C2 protein among begomoviruses not associated with satellites is well conserved and ubiquitination is an evolutionarily conserved target of begomoviruses for the suppression of plant resistance to whitefly vectors. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ubiquitination inhibition by begomovirus C2 protein might be a general mechanism in begomovirus, whitefly and plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Deng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Mei Yao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Qin Li
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Quan Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ping Zhou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chatukuta P, Dikobe TB, Kawadza DT, Sehlabane KS, Takundwa MM, Wong A, Gehring C, Ruzvidzo O. An Arabidopsis Clathrin Assembly Protein with a Predicted Role in Plant Defense Can Function as an Adenylate Cyclase. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020015. [PMID: 29570675 PMCID: PMC6022867 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate cyclases (ACs), much like guanylate cyclases (GCs), are increasingly recognized as essential parts of many plant processes including biotic and abiotic stress responses. In order to identify novel ACs, we have applied a search motif derived from experimentally tested GCs and identified a number of Arabidopsis thaliana candidates including a clathrin assembly protein (AT1G68110; AtClAP). AtClAP contains a catalytic centre that can complement the AC-deficient mutant cyaA in E. coli, and a recombinant AtClAP fragment (AtClAP261–379) can produce cyclic adenosine 3′,5′ monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in vitro. Furthermore, an integrated analysis of gene expression and expression correlation implicate cAMP in pathogen defense and in actin cytoskeletal remodeling during endocytic internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Chatukuta
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Tshegofatso B Dikobe
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - David T Kawadza
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Katlego S Sehlabane
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Mutsa M Takundwa
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Aloysius Wong
- College of Natural, Applied and Health Sciences, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Oziniel Ruzvidzo
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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11
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Witzel K, Üstün S, Schreiner M, Grosch R, Börnke F, Ruppel S. A Proteomic Approach Suggests Unbalanced Proteasome Functioning Induced by the Growth-Promoting Bacterium Kosakonia radicincitans in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28491076 PMCID: PMC5405128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria have significant impact on the plant physiology and understanding this interaction at the molecular level is of particular interest to support crop productivity and sustainable production systems. We used a proteomics approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth promotion in the interaction of Kosakonia radicincitans DSM 16656 with Arabidopsis thaliana. Four weeks after the inoculation, the proteome of roots from inoculated and control plants was compared using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentially abundant protein spots were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Twelve protein spots were responsive to the inoculation, with the majority of them being related to cellular stress reactions. The protein expression of 20S proteasome alpha-3 subunit was increased by the presence of K. radicincitans. Determination of proteasome activity and immuno blotting analysis for ubiquitinated proteins revealed that endophytic colonization interferes with ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. Inoculation of rpn12a, defective in a 26S proteasome regulatory particle, enhanced the growth-promoting effect. This indicates that the plant proteasome, besides being a known target for plant pathogenic bacteria, is involved in the establishment of beneficial interactions of microorganisms with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
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12
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Han SW, Hwang BK. Molecular functions of Xanthomonas type III effector AvrBsT and its plant interactors in cell death and defense signaling. PLANTA 2017; 245:237-253. [PMID: 27928637 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas effector AvrBsT interacts with plant defense proteins and triggers cell death and defense response. This review highlights our current understanding of the molecular functions of AvrBsT and its host interactor proteins. The AvrBsT protein is a member of a growing family of effector proteins in both plant and animal pathogens. Xanthomonas type III effector AvrBsT, a member of the YopJ/AvrRxv family, suppresses plant defense responses in susceptible hosts, but triggers cell death signaling leading to hypersensitive response (HR) and defense responses in resistant plants. AvrBsT interacts with host defense-related proteins to trigger the HR cell death and defense responses in plants. Here, we review and discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular functions of AvrBsT and its host interactor proteins in pepper (Capsicum annuum). Pepper arginine decarboxylase1 (CaADC1), pepper aldehyde dehydrogenase1 (CaALDH1), pepper heat shock protein 70a (CaHSP70a), pepper suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1 (CaSGT1), pepper SNF1-related kinase1 (SnRK1), and Arabidopsis acetylated interacting protein1 (ACIP1) have been identified as AvrBsT interactors in pepper and Arabidopsis. Gene expression profiling, virus-induced gene silencing, and transient transgenic overexpression approaches have advanced the functional characterization of AvrBsT-interacting proteins in plants. AvrBsT is localized in the cytoplasm and forms protein-protein complexes with host interactors. All identified AvrBsT interactors regulate HR cell death and defense responses in plants. Notably, CaSGT1 physically binds to both AvrBsT and pepper receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase1 (CaPIK1) in the cytoplasm. During infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strain Ds1 (avrBsT), AvrBsT is phosphorylated by CaPIK1 and forms the active AvrBsT-CaSGT1-CaPIK1 complex, which ultimately triggers HR cell death and defense responses. Collectively, the AvrBsT interactor proteins are involved in plant cell death and immunity signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Wook Han
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kook Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Üstün S, Sheikh A, Gimenez-Ibanez S, Jones A, Ntoukakis V, Börnke F. The Proteasome Acts as a Hub for Plant Immunity and Is Targeted by Pseudomonas Type III Effectors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1941-1958. [PMID: 27613851 PMCID: PMC5100764 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in several aspects of plant immunity and that a range of plant pathogens subvert the ubiquitin-proteasome system to enhance their virulence. Here, we show that proteasome activity is strongly induced during basal defense in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Mutant lines of the proteasome subunits RPT2a and RPN12a support increased bacterial growth of virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst) and Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola ES4326. Both proteasome subunits are required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity responses. Analysis of bacterial growth after a secondary infection of systemic leaves revealed that the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is impaired in proteasome mutants, suggesting that the proteasome also plays an important role in defense priming and SAR In addition, we show that Pst inhibits proteasome activity in a type III secretion-dependent manner. A screen for type III effector proteins from Pst for their ability to interfere with proteasome activity revealed HopM1, HopAO1, HopA1, and HopG1 as putative proteasome inhibitors. Biochemical characterization of HopM1 by mass spectrometry indicates that HopM1 interacts with several E3 ubiquitin ligases and proteasome subunits. This supports the hypothesis that HopM1 associates with the proteasome, leading to its inhibition. Thus, the proteasome is an essential component of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and SAR, which is targeted by multiple bacterial effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suayib Üstün
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany (S.Ü., F.B.);
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.S., S.G.-I., A.J., V.N.);
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain (S.G.-I.); and
- Institut of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (F.B.)
| | - Arsheed Sheikh
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany (S.Ü., F.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.S., S.G.-I., A.J., V.N.)
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain (S.G.-I.); and
- Institut of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (F.B.)
| | - Selena Gimenez-Ibanez
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany (S.Ü., F.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.S., S.G.-I., A.J., V.N.)
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain (S.G.-I.); and
- Institut of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (F.B.)
| | - Alexandra Jones
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany (S.Ü., F.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.S., S.G.-I., A.J., V.N.)
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain (S.G.-I.); and
- Institut of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (F.B.)
| | - Vardis Ntoukakis
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany (S.Ü., F.B.);
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.S., S.G.-I., A.J., V.N.);
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain (S.G.-I.); and
- Institut of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (F.B.)
| | - Frederik Börnke
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany (S.Ü., F.B.);
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.S., S.G.-I., A.J., V.N.);
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain (S.G.-I.); and
- Institut of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (F.B.)
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14
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Bozsó Z, Ott PG, Kámán-Tóth E, Bognár GF, Pogány M, Szatmári Á. Overlapping Yet Response-Specific Transcriptome Alterations Characterize the Nature of Tobacco-Pseudomonas syringae Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:251. [PMID: 27014286 PMCID: PMC4779890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study transcriptomic alterations of bacterially induced pattern triggered immunity (PTI) were compared with other types of tobacco-Pseudomonas interactions. In addition, using pharmacological agents we blocked some signal transduction pathways (Ca(2+) influx, kinases, phospholipases, proteasomic protein degradation) to find out how they contribute to gene expression during PTI. PTI is the first defense response of plant cells to microbes, elicited by their widely conserved molecular patterns. Tobacco is an important model of Solanaceae to study resistance responses, including defense mechanisms against bacteria. In spite of these facts the transcription regulation of tobacco genes during different types of plant bacterial interactions is not well-described. In this paper we compared the tobacco transcriptomic alterations in microarray experiments induced by (i) PTI inducer Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae type III secretion mutant (hrcC) at earlier (6 h post inoculation) and later (48 hpi) stages of defense, (ii) wild type P. syringae (6 hpi) that causes effector triggered immunity (ETI) and cell death (HR), and (iii) disease-causing P. syringae pv. tabaci (6 hpi). Among the different treatments the highest overlap was between the PTI and ETI at 6 hpi, however, there were groups of genes with specifically altered activity for either type of defenses. Instead of quantitative effects of the virulent P. tabaci on PTI-related genes it influenced transcription qualitatively and blocked the expression changes of a special set of genes including ones involved in signal transduction and transcription regulation. P. tabaci specifically activated or repressed other groups of genes seemingly not related to either PTI or ETI. Kinase and phospholipase A inhibitors had highest impacts on the PTI response and effects of these signal inhibitors on transcription greatly overlapped. Remarkable interactions of phospholipase C-related pathways with the proteasomal system were also observable. Genes specifically affected by virulent P. tabaci belonged to various previously identified signaling routes, suggesting that compatible pathogens may modulate diverse signaling pathways of PTI to overcome plant defense.
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