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Lucas J, Geisler M. Plant Kinesin Repertoires Expand with New Domain Architecture and Contract with the Loss of Flagella. J Mol Evol 2024:10.1007/s00239-024-10178-9. [PMID: 38926179 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Kinesins are eukaryotic microtubule motor proteins subdivided into conserved families with distinct functional roles. While many kinesin families are widespread in eukaryotes, each organismal lineage maintains a unique kinesin repertoire composed of many families with distinct numbers of genes. Previous genomic surveys indicated that land plant kinesin repertoires differ markedly from other eukaryotes. To determine when repertoires diverged during plant evolution, we performed robust phylogenomic analyses of kinesins in 24 representative plants, two algae, two animals, and one yeast. These analyses show that kinesin repertoires expand and contract coincident with major shifts in the biology of algae and land plants. One kinesin family and five subfamilies, each defined by unique domain architectures, emerged in the green algae. Four of those kinesin groups expanded in ancestors of modern land plants, while six other kinesin groups were lost in the ancestors of pollen-bearing plants. Expansions of different kinesin families and subfamilies occurred in moss and angiosperm lineages. Other kinesin families remained stable and did not expand throughout plant evolution. Collectively these data support a radiation of kinesin domain architectures in algae followed by differential positive and negative selection on kinesins families and subfamilies in different lineages of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lucas
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI, 54901, USA.
| | - Matt Geisler
- School of Biological Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 54901, USA
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2
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Fábián A, Péntek BK, Soós V, Sági L. Heat stress during male meiosis impairs cytoskeletal organization, spindle assembly and tapetum degeneration in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1314021. [PMID: 38259921 PMCID: PMC10800805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1314021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The significance of heat stress in agriculture is ever-increasing with the progress of global climate changes. Due to a negative effect on the yield of staple crops, including wheat, the impairment of plant reproductive development triggered by high ambient temperature became a restraint in food production. Although the heat sensitivity of male meiosis and the following gamete development in wheat has long been recognized, a detailed structural characterization combined with a comprehensive gene expression analysis has not been done about this phenomenon. We demonstrate here that heat stress severely alters the cytoskeletal configuration, triggers the failure of meiotic division in wheat. Moreover, it changes the expression of genes related to gamete development in male meiocytes and the tapetum layer in a genotype-dependent manner. 'Ellvis', a heat-tolerant winter wheat cultivar, showed high spikelet fertility rate and only scarce structural aberrations upon exposure to high temperature. In addition, heat shock genes and genes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species were significantly upregulated in 'Ellvis', and the expression of meiosis-specific and major developmental genes showed high stability in this cultivar. In the heat-sensitive 'Mv 17-09', however, genes participating in cytoskeletal fiber nucleation, the spindle assembly checkpoint genes, and tapetum-specific developmental regulators were downregulated. These alterations may be related to the decreased cytoskeleton content, frequent micronuclei formation, and the erroneous persistence of the tapetum layer observed in the sensitive genotype. Our results suggest that understanding the heat-sensitive regulation of these gene functions would be an essential contribution to the development of new, heat-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Fábián
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | | | - Vilmos Soós
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - László Sági
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Section, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
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3
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Li H, Duijts K, Pasini C, van Santen JE, Lamers J, de Zeeuw T, Verstappen F, Wang N, Zeeman SC, Santelia D, Zhang Y, Testerink C. Effective root responses to salinity stress include maintained cell expansion and carbon allocation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1942-1956. [PMID: 36908088 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of root growth is vital for plants to survive salt stress. Halophytes are great examples of plants that thrive even under severe salinity, but their salt tolerance mechanisms, especially those mediated by root responses, are still largely unknown. We compared root growth responses of the halophyte Schrenkiella parvula with its glycophytic relative species Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress and performed transcriptomic analysis of S. parvula roots to identify possible gene regulatory networks underlying their physiological responses. Schrenkiella parvula roots do not avoid salt and experience less growth inhibition under salt stress. Salt-induced abscisic acid levels were higher in S. parvula roots compared with Arabidopsis. Root transcriptomic analysis of S. parvula revealed the induction of sugar transporters and genes regulating cell expansion and suberization under salt stress. 14 C-labeled carbon partitioning analyses showed that S. parvula continued allocating carbon to roots from shoots under salt stress while carbon barely allocated to Arabidopsis roots. Further physiological investigation revealed that S. parvula roots maintained root cell expansion and enhanced suberization under severe salt stress. In summary, roots of S. parvula deploy multiple physiological and developmental adjustments under salt stress to maintain growth, providing new avenues to improve salt tolerance of plants using root-specific strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Li
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kilian Duijts
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Pasini
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joyce E van Santen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Lamers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francel Verstappen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nan Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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4
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Mills AM, Morris VH, Rasmussen CG. The localization of PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN1 at the division site depends on the microtubule-binding proteins TANGLED1 and AUXIN-INDUCED IN ROOT CULTURES9 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4583-4599. [PMID: 36005863 PMCID: PMC9614452 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper plant growth and development require spatial coordination of cell divisions. Two unrelated microtubule-binding proteins, TANGLED1 (TAN1) and AUXIN-INDUCED IN ROOT CULTURES9 (AIR9), are together required for normal growth and division plane orientation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The tan1 air9 double mutant has synthetic growth and division plane orientation defects, while single mutants lack obvious defects. Here we show that the division site-localized protein, PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN1 (POK1), was aberrantly lost from the division site during metaphase and telophase in the tan1 air9 mutant. Since TAN1 and POK1 interact via the first 132 amino acids of TAN1 (TAN11-132), we assessed the localization and function of TAN11-132 in the tan1 air9 double mutant. TAN11-132 rescued tan1 air9 mutant phenotypes and localized to the division site during telophase. However, replacing six amino-acid residues within TAN11-132, which disrupted the POK1-TAN1 interaction in the yeast-two-hybrid system, caused loss of both rescue and division site localization of TAN11-132 in the tan1 air9 mutant. Full-length TAN1 with the same alanine substitutions had defects in phragmoplast guidance and reduced TAN1 and POK1 localization at the division site but rescued most tan1 air9 mutant phenotypes. Together, these data suggest that TAN1 and AIR9 are required for POK1 localization, and yet unknown proteins may stabilize TAN1-POK1 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Mills
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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Mills AM, Rasmussen CG. Defects in division plane positioning in the root meristematic zone affect cell organization in the differentiation zone. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276936. [PMID: 36074053 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division plane orientation is critical for plant and animal development and growth. TANGLED1 (TAN1) and AUXIN-INDUCED-IN-ROOT-CULTURES9 (AIR9) are division-site localized microtubule-binding proteins required for division plane positioning. tan1 and air9 Arabidopsis thaliana single mutants have minor or no noticeable phenotypes but the tan1 air9 double mutant has synthetic phenotypes including stunted growth, misoriented divisions, and aberrant cell-file rotation in the root differentiation zone. These data suggest that TAN1 plays a role in nondividing cells. To determine whether TAN1 is required in elongating and differentiating cells in the tan1 air9 double mutant, we limited its expression to actively dividing cells using the G2/M-specific promoter of the syntaxin KNOLLE (pKN:TAN1-YFP). Unexpectedly, in addition to rescuing division plane defects, pKN:TAN1-YFP rescued root growth and the root differentiation zone cell file rotation defects in the tan1 air9 double mutant. This suggests that defects that occur in the meristematic zone later affect the organization of elongating and differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Mills
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA
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6
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Kitaeva AB, Gorshkov AP, Kusakin PG, Sadovskaya AR, Tsyganova AV, Tsyganov VE. Tubulin Cytoskeleton Organization in Cells of Determinate Nodules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823183. [PMID: 35557719 PMCID: PMC9087740 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell differentiation is based on rearrangements of the tubulin cytoskeleton; this is also true for symbiotic nodules. Nevertheless, although for indeterminate nodules (with a long-lasting meristem) the organization of microtubules during nodule development has been studied for various species, for determinate ones (with limited meristem activity) such studies are rare. Here, we investigated bacteroid morphology and dynamics of the tubulin cytoskeleton in determinate nodules of four legume species: Glycine max, Glycine soja, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Lotus japonicus. The most pronounced differentiation of bacteroids was observed in G. soja nodules. In meristematic cells in incipient nodules of all analyzed species, the organization of both cortical and endoplasmic microtubules was similar to that described for meristematic cells of indeterminate nodules. In young infected cells in developing nodules of all four species, cortical microtubules formed irregular patterns (microtubules were criss-crossed) and endoplasmic ones were associated with infection threads and infection droplets. Surprisingly, in uninfected cells the patterns of cortical microtubules differed in nodules of G. max and G. soja on the one hand, and P. vulgaris and L. japonicus on the other. The first two species exhibited irregular patterns, while the remaining two exhibited regular ones (microtubules were oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis of cell) that are typical for uninfected cells of indeterminate nodules. In contrast to indeterminate nodules, in mature determinate nodules of all four studied species, cortical microtubules formed a regular pattern in infected cells. Thus, our analysis revealed common patterns of tubulin cytoskeleton in the determinate nodules of four legume species, and species-specific differences were associated with the organization of cortical microtubules in uninfected cells. When compared with indeterminate nodules, the most pronounced differences were associated with the organization of cortical microtubules in nitrogen-fixing infected cells. The revealed differences indicated a possible transition during evolution of infected cells from anisotropic growth in determinate nodules to isodiametric growth in indeterminate nodules. It can be assumed that this transition provided an evolutionary advantage to those legume species with indeterminate nodules, enabling them to host symbiosomes in their infected cells more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Kitaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artemii P. Gorshkov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pyotr G. Kusakin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Anna V. Tsyganova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor E. Tsyganov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Center RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Ereful NC, Lalusin AG, Laurena AC. RNA-Seq Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with High Fiber Quality in Abaca (Musa textilis Nee). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030519. [PMID: 35328071 PMCID: PMC8953247 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of and current demand for abaca (Musa textilis Nee) fiber, there has been limited study that capitalizes on RNA-seq to identify candidate genes associated with high fiber quality and bunchy top virus (AbBTV) resistance. Three varieties (Abuab, Inosa, and Tangongon), one wild banana variety (Musa balbisiana Colla) Pacol, and two developed backcrosses (Abuab × Pacol BC2 and BC3) were grown at the Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB), Laguna, Philippines. The pseudostems of 3-month-old suckers of each genotype were sampled for RNA-seq. Datasets were analyzed for differential expression (DE) implementing various model frameworks, including pairwise, genotypic and non-DE models. Results indicate that Abuab and BC3 induce the highest proportion (70%) of abaca-specific genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed several genes associated with cellulose synthase activity, callose synthase, ß-glucosidase activity, glucan biosynthetic process, etc. KEGG pathway analysis showed several genes encoding for enzymes involved in the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Analysis using genotypic DE (GDE) between abaca bunchy top virus (AbBTV)-resistant and -susceptible groups revealed genes such as pathogenesis-related protein and NBS-LRR. As the genotypes were not infected with the pathogen, these genes are yet to be confirmed for their roles in disease resistance and are an interesting subject for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelzo C. Ereful
- Philippine Genome Center for Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB), College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio G. Lalusin
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
| | - Antonio C. Laurena
- Philippine Genome Center for Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
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8
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Vaddepalli P, de Zeeuw T, Strauss S, Bürstenbinder K, Liao CY, Ramalho JJ, Smith RS, Weijers D. Auxin-dependent control of cytoskeleton and cell shape regulates division orientation in the Arabidopsis embryo. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4946-4955.e4. [PMID: 34610273 PMCID: PMC8612740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Premitotic control of cell division orientation is critical for plant development, as cell walls prevent extensive cell remodeling or migration. While many divisions are proliferative and add cells to existing tissues, some divisions are formative and generate new tissue layers or growth axes. Such formative divisions are often asymmetric in nature, producing daughters with different fates. We have previously shown that, in the Arabidopsis thaliana embryo, developmental asymmetry is correlated with geometric asymmetry, creating daughter cells of unequal volume. Such divisions are generated by division planes that deviate from a default “minimal surface area” rule. Inhibition of auxin response leads to reversal to this default, yet the mechanisms underlying division plane choice in the embryo have been unclear. Here, we show that auxin-dependent division plane control involves alterations in cell geometry, but not in cell polarity axis or nuclear position. Through transcriptome profiling, we find that auxin regulates genes controlling cell wall and cytoskeleton properties. We confirm the involvement of microtubule (MT)-binding proteins in embryo division control. Organization of both MT and actin cytoskeleton depends on auxin response, and genetically controlled MT or actin depolymerization in embryos leads to disruption of asymmetric divisions, including reversion to the default. Our work shows how auxin-dependent control of MT and actin cytoskeleton properties interacts with cell geometry to generate asymmetric divisions during the earliest steps in plant development. Auxin responses regulate directional cell expansion in Arabidopsis embryos Cell shape and division orientation are tightly coupled Transcriptome analysis identifies MT-associated IQD proteins in division control Cytoskeletal dynamics control division orientation
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Vaddepalli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Thijs de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sören Strauss
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürstenbinder
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Che-Yang Liao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - João Jacob Ramalho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany; John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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9
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Byun MY, Cui LH, Lee A, Oh HG, Yoo YH, Lee J, Kim WT, Lee H. Abiotic Stress-Induced Actin-Depolymerizing Factor 3 From Deschampsia antarctica Enhanced Cold Tolerance When Constitutively Expressed in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734500. [PMID: 34650582 PMCID: PMC8506025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic flowering plant Deschampsia antarctica is highly sensitive to climate change and has shown rapid population increases during regional warming of the Antarctic Peninsula. Several studies have examined the physiological and biochemical changes related to environmental stress tolerance that allow D. antarctica to colonize harsh Antarctic environments; however, the molecular mechanisms of its responses to environmental changes remain poorly understood. To elucidate the survival strategies of D. antarctica in Antarctic environments, we investigated the functions of actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) in this species. We identified eight ADF genes in the transcriptome that were clustered into five subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. DaADF3, which belongs to a monocot-specific clade together with cold-responsive ADF in wheat, showed significant transcriptional induction in response to dehydration and cold, as well as under Antarctic field conditions. Multiple drought and low-temperature responsive elements were identified as possible binding sites of C-repeat-binding factors in the promoter region of DaADF3, indicating a close relationship between DaADF3 transcription control and abiotic stress responses. To investigate the functions of DaADF3 related to abiotic stresses in vivo, we generated transgenic rice plants overexpressing DaADF3. These transgenic plants showed greater tolerance to low-temperature stress than the wild-type in terms of survival rate, leaf chlorophyll content, and electrolyte leakage, accompanied by changes in actin filament organization in the root tips. Together, our results imply that DaADF3 played an important role in the enhancement of cold tolerance in transgenic rice plants and in the adaptation of D. antarctica to its extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Byun
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Li Hua Cui
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andosung Lee
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Geun Oh
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo-Han Yoo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Division of Life Science, Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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10
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Montesinos JC, Abuzeineh A, Kopf A, Juanes-Garcia A, Ötvös K, Petrášek J, Sixt M, Benková E. Phytohormone cytokinin guides microtubule dynamics during cell progression from proliferative to differentiated stage. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104238. [PMID: 32667089 PMCID: PMC7459425 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell production and differentiation for the acquisition of specific functions are key features of living systems. The dynamic network of cellular microtubules provides the necessary platform to accommodate processes associated with the transition of cells through the individual phases of cytogenesis. Here, we show that the plant hormone cytokinin fine‐tunes the activity of the microtubular cytoskeleton during cell differentiation and counteracts microtubular rearrangements driven by the hormone auxin. The endogenous upward gradient of cytokinin activity along the longitudinal growth axis in Arabidopsis thaliana roots correlates with robust rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton in epidermal cells progressing from the proliferative to the differentiation stage. Controlled increases in cytokinin activity result in premature re‐organization of the microtubule network from transversal to an oblique disposition in cells prior to their differentiation, whereas attenuated hormone perception delays cytoskeleton conversion into a configuration typical for differentiated cells. Intriguingly, cytokinin can interfere with microtubules also in animal cells, such as leukocytes, suggesting that a cytokinin‐sensitive control pathway for the microtubular cytoskeleton may be at least partially conserved between plant and animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anas Abuzeineh
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
| | - Aglaja Kopf
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alba Juanes-Garcia
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Krisztina Ötvös
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria.,Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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11
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Boerman NA, Frei UK, Lübberstedt T. Impact of Spontaneous Haploid Genome Doubling in Maize Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E369. [PMID: 32192066 PMCID: PMC7154852 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Doubled haploid (DH) technology has changed the maize-breeding landscape in recent years. Traditionally, DH production requires the use of chemical doubling agents to induce haploid genome doubling and, subsequently, male fertility. These chemicals can be harmful to humans and the plants themselves, and typically result in a doubling rate of 10%-30%. Spontaneous genome doubling and male fertility of maize haploids, without using chemical doubling agents, have been observed to a limited extent, for nearly 70 years. Rates of spontaneous haploid genome doubling (SHGD) have ranged from less than 5% to greater than 50%. Recently, there has been increased interest to forgo chemical treatment and instead utilize this natural method of doubling. Genetic-mapping studies comprising worldwide germplasm have been conducted. Of particular interest has been the detection of large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting SHGD. Having a single large-effect QTL with an additive nature provides flexibility for the method of introgression, such as marker-assisted backcrossing, marker-assisted gene pyramiding, and systematic design. Moreover, it allows implementation of new methodologies, such as haploid-inducer mediated genome editing (HI-edit) and promotion of alleles by genome editing. We believe the use of SHGD can further enhance the impact of DH technology in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Boerman
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1051, USA; (U.K.F.); (T.L.)
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12
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Blume YB. A journey through a plant cytoskeleton: Hot spots in signaling and functioning. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:1262-1266. [PMID: 31486567 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This survey paper contains a brief analysis of publications included in the special issue of the scientific journal Cell Biology International titled "Plant Cytoskeleton Structure, Dynamics and Functions". The manuscripts in this special issue reflect some new aspects of plant cytoskeleton organization, signaling and functioning, and results from different Ukrainian research groups, and focuses on bringing together scientists working across different instrumental scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav B Blume
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osypovskoho Str., 2a, Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine
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13
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Blume YB. A JOURNEY THROUGH PLANT CYTOSKELETON: HOT SPOTS IN SIGNALING AND FUNCTIONING. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:978-982. [PMID: 31415134 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav B Blume
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osypovskoho Str., 2a, Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine
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14
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Apostolakos P, Livanos P, Giannoutsou E, Panteris E, Galatis B. The intracellular and intercellular cross-talk during subsidiary cell formation in Zea mays: existing and novel components orchestrating cell polarization and asymmetric division. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:679-696. [PMID: 29346521 PMCID: PMC6215039 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Formation of stomatal complexes in Poaceae is the outcome of three asymmetric and one symmetric cell division occurring in particular leaf protodermal cells. In this definite sequence of cell division events, the generation of subsidiary cells is of particular importance and constitutes an attractive model for studying local intercellular stimulation. In brief, an induction stimulus emitted by the guard cell mother cells (GMCs) triggers a series of polarization events in their laterally adjacent protodermal cells. This signal determines the fate of the latter cells, forcing them to divide asymmetrically and become committed to subsidiary cell mother cells (SMCs). Scope This article summarizes old and recent structural and molecular data mostly derived from Zea mays, focusing on the interplay between GMCs and SMCs, and on the unique polarization sequence occurring in both cell types. Recent evidence suggests that auxin operates as an inducer of SMC polarization/asymmetric division. The intercellular auxin transport is facilitated by the distribution of a specific transmembrane auxin carrier and requires reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the local differentiation of the common cell wall between SMCs and GMCs is one of the earliest features of SMC polarization. Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, Rho-like plant GTPases as well as the SCAR/WAVE regulatory complex also participate in the perception of the morphogenetic stimulus and have been implicated in certain polarization events in SMCs. Moreover, the transduction of the auxin signal and its function are assisted by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and the products of the catalytic activity of phospholipases C and D. Conclusion In the present review, the possible role(s) of each of the components in SMC polarization and asymmetric division are discussed, and an overall perspective on the mechanisms beyond these phenomena is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Apostolakos
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P Livanos
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Giannoutsou
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - B Galatis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Rasmussen CG, Bellinger M. An overview of plant division-plane orientation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:505-512. [PMID: 29701870 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 505 I. Introduction 505 II. Models of plant cell division 505 III. Establishing the division plane 506 IV. Maintaining the division plane during mitosis and cytokinesis 509 Acknowledgements 510 References 510 SUMMARY: Plants, a significant source of planet-wide biomass, have an unique type of cell division in which a new cell wall is constructed de novo inside the cell and guided towards the cell edge to complete division. The elegant control over positioning this new cell wall is essential for proper patterning and development. Plant cells, lacking migration, tightly coordinate division orientation and directed expansion to generate organized shapes. Several emerging lines of evidence suggest that the proteins required for division-plane establishment are distinct from those required for division-plane maintenance. We discuss recent shape-based computational models and mutant analyses that raise questions about, and identify unexpected connections between, the roles of well-known proteins and structures during division-plane orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Marschal Bellinger
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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16
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Kumar AS, Park E, Nedo A, Alqarni A, Ren L, Hoban K, Modla S, McDonald JH, Kambhamettu C, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Caplan JL. Stromule extension along microtubules coordinated with actin-mediated anchoring guides perinuclear chloroplast movement during innate immunity. eLife 2018; 7:e23625. [PMID: 29338837 PMCID: PMC5815851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic tubular extensions from chloroplasts called stromules have recently been shown to connect with nuclei and function during innate immunity. We demonstrate that stromules extend along microtubules (MTs) and MT organization directly affects stromule dynamics since stabilization of MTs chemically or genetically increases stromule numbers and length. Although actin filaments (AFs) are not required for stromule extension, they provide anchor points for stromules. Interestingly, there is a strong correlation between the direction of stromules from chloroplasts and the direction of chloroplast movement. Stromule-directed chloroplast movement was observed in steady-state conditions without immune induction, suggesting it is a general function of stromules in epidermal cells. Our results show that MTs and AFs may facilitate perinuclear clustering of chloroplasts during an innate immune response. We propose a model in which stromules extend along MTs and connect to AF anchor points surrounding nuclei, facilitating stromule-directed movement of chloroplasts to nuclei during innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunsook Park
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- The Genome Center, College of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Alexander Nedo
- Delaware Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
| | - Ali Alqarni
- Delaware Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
| | - Kyle Hoban
- Delaware Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
| | - Shannon Modla
- Delaware Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
| | - John H McDonald
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
| | - Chandra Kambhamettu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, College of EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
| | - Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- The Genome Center, College of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Lewis Caplan
- Delaware Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of DelawareNewarkUnited States
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17
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Cao X, Ma F, Xu T, Wang J, Liu S, Li G, Su Q, Qiao Z, Na X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals key early events of narciclasine signaling in Arabidopsis root apex. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2381-2401. [PMID: 27562382 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Histochemical staining and RNA-seq data demonstrated that the ROS- and plant hormone-regulated stress responses are the key early events of narciclasine signaling in Arabidopsis root cells. Narciclasine, an amaryllidaceae alkaloid isolated from Narcissus tazetta bulbs, employs a broad range of functions on plant development and growth. However, its molecular interactions that modulate these roles in plants are not fully understood. To elucidate the global responses of Arabidopsis roots to short-term narciclasine exposure, we first measured the accumulation of H2O2 and O2- with histochemical staining, and then profiled the gene expression pattern in Arabidopsis root tips treated with 0.5 µM narciclasine across different exposure times by RNA-seq. Physiological measurements showed a significant increase in H2O2 began at 30-60 min of narciclasine treatment and O2- accumulated by 120 min. Compared with controls, 236 genes were upregulated and 54 genes were downregulated with 2 h of narciclasine treatment, while 968 genes were upregulated and 835 genes were downregulated with 12 h of treatment. The Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were highly enriched during oxidative stress, including those involved in the "regulation of transcription", "response to oxidative stress", "plant-pathogen interaction", "ribonucleotide binding", "plant cell wall organization", and "ribosome biogenesis". Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment statistics suggested that carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid and secondary metabolites were significantly inhibited by 12 h of narciclasine exposure. Hence, our results demonstrate that hormones and H2O2 are important regulators of narciclasine signaling and help to uncover the factors involved in the molecular interplay between narciclasine and phytohormones in Arabidopsis root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Cao
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ma
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
- New Technology Application, Research and Development Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichen Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaihong Li
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Su
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Qiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030000, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - XiaoFan Na
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
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Heilmann I, Ischebeck T. Male functions and malfunctions: the impact of phosphoinositides on pollen development and pollen tube growth. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:3-20. [PMID: 26676144 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides in pollen. In angiosperms, sexual reproduction is a series of complex biological events that facilitate the distribution of male generative cells for double fertilization. Angiosperms have no motile gametes, and the distribution units of generative cells are pollen grains, passively mobile desiccated structures, capable of delivering genetic material to compatible flowers over long distances and in an adverse environment. The development of pollen (male gametogenesis) and the formation of a pollen tube after a pollen grain has reached a compatible flower (pollen tube growth) are important aspects of plant developmental biology. In recent years, a wealth of information has been gathered about the molecular control of cell polarity, membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics underlying these developmental processes. In particular, it has been found that regulatory membrane phospholipids, such as phosphoinositides (PIs), are critical regulatory players, controlling key steps of trafficking and polarization. Characteristic features of PIs are the inositol phosphate headgroups of the lipids, which protrude from the cytosolic surfaces of membranes, enabling specific binding and recruitment of numerous protein partners containing specific PI-binding domains. Such recruitment is globally an early event in polarization processes of eukaryotic cells and also of key importance to pollen development and tube growth. Additionally, PIs serve as precursors of other signaling factors with importance to male gametogenesis. This review highlights the recent advances about the roles of PIs in pollen development and pollen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Krtková J, Benáková M, Schwarzerová K. Multifunctional Microtubule-Associated Proteins in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:474. [PMID: 27148302 PMCID: PMC4838777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are involved in key processes in plant cells, including cell division, growth and development. MT-interacting proteins modulate MT dynamics and organization, mediating functional and structural interaction of MTs with other cell structures. In addition to conventional microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in plants, there are many other MT-binding proteins whose primary function is not related to the regulation of MTs. This review focuses on enzymes, chaperones, or proteins primarily involved in other processes that also bind to MTs. The MT-binding activity of these multifunctional MAPs is often performed only under specific environmental or physiological conditions, or they bind to MTs only as components of a larger MT-binding protein complex. The involvement of multifunctional MAPs in these interactions may underlie physiological and morphogenetic events, e.g., under specific environmental or developmental conditions. Uncovering MT-binding activity of these proteins, although challenging, may contribute to understanding of the novel functions of the MT cytoskeleton in plant biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krtková
- Department of Biology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
- Katerina Schwarzerová Lab, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Benáková
- Katerina Schwarzerová Lab, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec KrálovéRokitanského, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Katerina Schwarzerová Lab, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czech Republic
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20
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Takeuchi M, Karahara I, Kajimura N, Takaoka A, Murata K, Misaki K, Yonemura S, Staehelin LA, Mineyuki Y. Single microfilaments mediate the early steps of microtubule bundling during preprophase band formation in onion cotyledon epidermal cells. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1809-20. [PMID: 27053663 PMCID: PMC4884071 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-12-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The preprophase band (PPB) is a cytokinetic apparatus that determines the site of cell division in plants. It originates as a broad band of microtubules (MTs) in G2 and narrows to demarcate the future division site during late prophase. Studies with fluorescent probes have shown that PPBs contain F-actin during early stages of their development but become actin depleted in late prophase. Although this suggests that actins contribute to the early stages of PPB formation, how actins contribute to PPB-MT organization remains unsolved. To address this question, we used electron tomography to investigate the spatial relationship between microfilaments (MFs) and MTs at different stages of PPB assembly in onion cotyledon epidermal cells. We demonstrate that the PPB actins observed by fluorescence microscopy correspond to short, single MFs. A majority of the MFs are bound to MTs, with a subset forming MT-MF-MT bridging structures. During the later stages of PPB assembly, the MF-mediated links between MTs are displaced by MT-MT linkers as the PPB MT arrays mature into tightly packed MT bundles. On the basis of these observations, we propose that the primary function of actins during PPB formation is to mediate the initial bundling of the PPB MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Himeji 671-2201, Japan Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ichirou Karahara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Kajimura
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Akio Takaoka
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Misaki
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - L Andrew Staehelin
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347
| | - Yoshinobu Mineyuki
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Himeji 671-2201, Japan
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Gillmor CS, Roeder AHK, Sieber P, Somerville C, Lukowitz W. A Genetic Screen for Mutations Affecting Cell Division in the Arabidopsis thaliana Embryo Identifies Seven Loci Required for Cytokinesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146492. [PMID: 26745275 PMCID: PMC4712874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis in plants involves the formation of unique cellular structures such as the phragmoplast and the cell plate, both of which are required to divide the cell after nuclear division. In order to isolate genes that are involved in de novo cell wall formation, we performed a large-scale, microscope-based screen for Arabidopsis mutants that severely impair cytokinesis in the embryo. We recovered 35 mutations that form abnormally enlarged cells with multiple, often polyploid nuclei and incomplete cell walls. These mutants represent seven genes, four of which have previously been implicated in phragmoplast or cell plate function. Mutations in two loci show strongly reduced transmission through the haploid gametophytic generation. Molecular cloning of both corresponding genes reveals that one is represented by hypomorphic alleles of the kinesin-5 gene RADIALLY SWOLLEN 7 (homologous to tobacco kinesin-related protein TKRP125), and that the other gene corresponds to the Arabidopsis FUSED ortholog TWO-IN-ONE (originally identified based on its function in pollen development). No mutations that completely abolish the formation of cross walls in diploid cells were found. Our results support the idea that cytokinesis in the diploid and haploid generations involve similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Stewart Gillmor
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Adrienne H. K. Roeder
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Patrick Sieber
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Chris Somerville
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Lukowitz
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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