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Romero G, González S, Royero W, González A. Morphological and transcriptional analysis of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum race 7 during early stages of infection in common bean. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20220263. [PMID: 38593425 PMCID: PMC11003654 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The infection process of the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum has been independently studied at the microscopic and genomic levels. However, the relationship between the morphological changes and the pathogenicity mechanisms of the fungus at the early stages of the infection remains uncharacterized. Therefore, this study attempts to bridge this gap by integrating microscopic and transcriptional approaches to understand the infection process of C. lindemuthianum. Fungal structures were followed by fluorescence microscopy for 120 hours. Simultaneously, the transcriptomic profile was made using RNAseq. Morphological characterization shows that appressoria, infective vesicles, and secondary hypha formation occur before 72 hours. Additionally, we assembled 38,206 transcripts with lengths between 201 and 3,548 bp. The secretome annotation revealed the expression of 1,204 CAZymes, of which 17 exhibited secretion domains and were identified as chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases, 27 were effector candidates, and 30 were transport proteins mostly associated with ABC-type. Finally, we confirmed the presence and expression of CAC1 role during the appressoria formation of Clr7. This result represents the first report of adenylate cyclase expression evaluated under three different approaches. In conclusion, C. lindemuthianum colonizes the host through different infection structures complemented with the expression of multiple enzymes, where CAC1 favors disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Romero
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra González
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Biotecnología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wendy Royero
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Biotecnología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana González
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Bogotá, Colombia
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2
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Li H, Hua L, Zhao S, Hao M, Song R, Pang S, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhang W, Shen T, Gou JY, Mao H, Wang G, Hao X, Li J, Song B, Lan C, Li Z, Deng XW, Dubcovsky J, Wang X, Chen S. Cloning of the wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr47 introgressed from Aegilops speltoides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6072. [PMID: 37770474 PMCID: PMC10539295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriksson (Pt), is one of the most severe foliar diseases of wheat. Breeding for leaf rust resistance is a practical and sustainable method to control this devastating disease. Here, we report the identification of Lr47, a broadly effective leaf rust resistance gene introgressed into wheat from Aegilops speltoides. Lr47 encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein that is both necessary and sufficient to confer Pt resistance, as demonstrated by loss-of-function mutations and transgenic complementation. Lr47 introgression lines with no or reduced linkage drag are generated using the Pairing homoeologous1 mutation, and a diagnostic molecular marker for Lr47 is developed. The coiled-coil domain of the Lr47 protein is unable to induce cell death, nor does it have self-protein interaction. The cloning of Lr47 expands the number of leaf rust resistance genes that can be incorporated into multigene transgenic cassettes to control this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Hua
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Song
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyong Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tao Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Ying Gou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Hailiang Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohua Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Baoxing Song
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Caixia Lan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000, Baoding, Hebei, China.
| | - Shisheng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China.
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3
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Holden S, Bergum M, Green P, Bettgenhaeuser J, Hernández-Pinzón I, Thind A, Clare S, Russell JM, Hubbard A, Taylor J, Smoker M, Gardiner M, Civolani L, Cosenza F, Rosignoli S, Strugala R, Molnár I, Šimková H, Doležel J, Schaffrath U, Barrett M, Salvi S, Moscou MJ. A lineage-specific Exo70 is required for receptor kinase-mediated immunity in barley. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn7258. [PMID: 35857460 PMCID: PMC9258809 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the evolution of land plants, the plant immune system has experienced expansion in immune receptor and signaling pathways. Lineage-specific expansions have been observed in diverse gene families that are potentially involved in immunity but lack causal association. Here, we show that Rps8-mediated resistance in barley to the pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (wheat stripe rust) is conferred by a genetic module: Pur1 and Exo70FX12, which are together necessary and sufficient. Pur1 encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase and is the ortholog of rice Xa21, and Exo70FX12 belongs to the Poales-specific Exo70FX clade. The Exo70FX clade emerged after the divergence of the Bromeliaceae and Poaceae and comprises from 2 to 75 members in sequenced grasses. These results demonstrate the requirement of a lineage-specific Exo70FX12 in Pur1-mediated immunity and suggest that the Exo70FX clade may have evolved a specialized role in receptor kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Holden
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Molly Bergum
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Phon Green
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jan Bettgenhaeuser
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Anupriya Thind
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Shaun Clare
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - James M. Russell
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Amelia Hubbard
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, England, UK
| | - Jodi Taylor
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Matthew Smoker
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Matthew Gardiner
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Laura Civolani
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Cosenza
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Rosignoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roxana Strugala
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - István Molnár
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šimková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrich Schaffrath
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthew Barrett
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield 4878, Australia
| | - Silvio Salvi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthew J. Moscou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- Corresponding author.
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4
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Clare SJ, Duellman KM, Richards JK, Poudel RS, Merrick LF, Friesen TL, Brueggeman RS. Association mapping reveals a reciprocal virulence/avirulence locus within diverse US Pyrenophora teres f. maculata isolates. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:285. [PMID: 35397514 PMCID: PMC8994276 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Spot form net blotch (SFNB) caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm) is an economically important disease of barley that also infects wheat. Using genetic analysis to characterize loci in Ptm genomes associated with virulence or avirulence is an important step to identify pathogen effectors that determine compatible (virulent) or incompatible (avirulent) interactions with cereal hosts. Association mapping (AM) is a powerful tool for detecting virulence loci utilizing phenotyping and genotyping data generated for natural populations of plant pathogenic fungi.
Results
Restriction-site associated DNA genotyping-by-sequencing (RAD-GBS) was used to generate 4,836 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for a natural population of 103 Ptm isolates collected from Idaho, Montana and North Dakota. Association mapping analyses were performed utilizing the genotyping and infection type data generated for each isolate when challenged on barley seedlings of thirty SFNB differential barley lines. A total of 39 marker trait associations (MTAs) were detected across the 20 barley lines corresponding to 30 quantitative trait loci (QTL); 26 novel QTL and four that were previously mapped in Ptm biparental populations. These results using diverse US isolates and barley lines showed numerous barley-Ptm genetic interactions with seven of the 30 Ptm virulence/avirulence loci falling on chromosome 3, suggesting that it is a reservoir of diverse virulence effectors. One of the loci exhibited reciprocal virulence/avirulence with one haplotype predominantly present in isolates collected from Idaho increasing virulence on barley line MXB468 and the alternative haplotype predominantly present in isolates collected from North Dakota and Montana increasing virulence on barley line CI9819.
Conclusions
Association mapping provided novel insight into the host pathogen genetic interactions occurring in the barley-Ptm pathosystem. The analysis suggests that chromosome 3 of Ptm serves as an effector reservoir in concordance with previous reports for Pyrenophora teres f. teres, the causal agent of the closely related disease net form net blotch. Additionally, these analyses identified the first reported case of a reciprocal pathogen virulence locus. However, further investigation of the pathosystem is required to determine if multiple genes or alleles of the same gene are responsible for this genetic phenomenon.
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5
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Bettgenhaeuser J, Hernández-Pinzón I, Dawson AM, Gardiner M, Green P, Taylor J, Smoker M, Ferguson JN, Emmrich P, Hubbard A, Bayles R, Waugh R, Steffenson BJ, Wulff BBH, Dreiseitl A, Ward ER, Moscou MJ. The barley immune receptor Mla recognizes multiple pathogens and contributes to host range dynamics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6915. [PMID: 34824299 PMCID: PMC8617247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop losses caused by plant pathogens are a primary threat to stable food production. Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) is a fungal pathogen of cereal crops that causes significant, persistent yield loss. Stripe rust exhibits host species specificity, with lineages that have adapted to infect wheat and barley. While wheat stripe rust and barley stripe rust are commonly restricted to their corresponding hosts, the genes underlying this host specificity remain unknown. Here, we show that three resistance genes, Rps6, Rps7, and Rps8, contribute to immunity in barley to wheat stripe rust. Rps7 cosegregates with barley powdery mildew resistance at the Mla locus. Using transgenic complementation of different Mla alleles, we confirm allele-specific recognition of wheat stripe rust by Mla. Our results show that major resistance genes contribute to the host species specificity of wheat stripe rust on barley and that a shared genetic architecture underlies resistance to the adapted pathogen barley powdery mildew and non-adapted pathogen wheat stripe rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bettgenhaeuser
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, 37574, Einbeck, Germany
| | | | - Andrew M Dawson
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK
| | - Matthew Gardiner
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK
| | - Phon Green
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK
| | - Jodie Taylor
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK
| | - Matthew Smoker
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK
| | - John N Ferguson
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Peter Emmrich
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Amelia Hubbard
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, England, UK
| | - Rosemary Bayles
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, England, UK
| | - Robbie Waugh
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Brian J Steffenson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Brande B H Wulff
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonín Dreiseitl
- Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Agrotest Fyto Ltd, Havlíčkova 2787, CZ-767 01, Kroměříž, Czech Republic
| | - Eric R Ward
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK
- AgBiome, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Matthew J Moscou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK.
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A Post-Haustorial Defense Mechanism is Mediated by the Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene, PmG3M, Derived from Wild Emmer Wheat. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060418. [PMID: 32481482 PMCID: PMC7350345 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The destructive wheat powdery mildew disease is caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). PmG3M, derived from wild emmer wheat Triticum dicoccoides accession G305-3M, is a major gene providing a wide-spectrum resistance against Bgt. PmG3M was previously mapped to wheat chromosome 6B using an F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population generated by crossing G305-3M with the susceptible T. durum wheat cultivar Langdon (LDN). In the current study, we aimed to explore the defense mechanisms conferred by PmG3M against Bgt. Histopathology of fungal development was characterized in artificially inoculated leaves of G305-3M, LDN, and homozygous RILs using fluorescence and light microscopy. G305-3M exhibited H2O2 accumulation typical of a hypersensitive response, which resulted in programmed cell death (PCD) in Bgt-penetrated epidermal cells, while LDN showed well-developed colonies without PCD. In addition, we observed a post-haustorial resistance mechanism that arrested the development of fungal feeding structures and pathogen growth in both G305-3M and resistant RIL, while LDN and a susceptible RIL displayed fully developed digitated haustoria and massive accumulation of fungal biomass. In contrast, both G305-3M and LDN exhibited callose deposition in attempt to prevent fungal invasion, supporting this as a mechanism of a basal defense response not associated with PmG3M resistance mechanism per se. The presented results shed light on the resistance mechanisms conferred by PmG3M against wheat powdery mildew.
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7
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Klymiuk V, Fatiukha A, Raats D, Bocharova V, Huang L, Feng L, Jaiwar S, Pozniak C, Coaker G, Dubcovsky J, Fahima T. Three previously characterized resistances to yellow rust are encoded by a single locus Wtk1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2561-2572. [PMID: 31942623 PMCID: PMC7210774 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides; WEW) yellow (stripe) rust resistance genes Yr15, YrG303, and YrH52 were discovered in natural populations from different geographic locations. They all localize to chromosome 1B but were thought to be non-allelic based on differences in resistance response. We recently cloned Yr15 as a Wheat Tandem Kinase 1 (WTK1) and show here that these three resistance loci co-segregate in fine-mapping populations and share an identical full-length genomic sequence of functional Wtk1. Independent ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized susceptible yrG303 and yrH52 lines carried single nucleotide mutations in Wtk1 that disrupted function. A comparison of the mutations for yr15, yrG303, and yrH52 mutants showed that while key conserved residues were intact, other conserved regions in critical kinase subdomains were frequently affected. Thus, we concluded that Yr15-, YrG303-, and YrH52-mediated resistances to yellow rust are encoded by a single locus, Wtk1. Introgression of Wtk1 into multiple genetic backgrounds resulted in variable phenotypic responses, confirming that Wtk1-mediated resistance is part of a complex immune response network. WEW natural populations subjected to natural selection and adaptation have potential to serve as a good source for evolutionary studies of different traits and multifaceted gene networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Klymiuk
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Andrii Fatiukha
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dina Raats
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Valeria Bocharova
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lin Huang
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lihua Feng
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samidha Jaiwar
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Correspondence:
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8
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Bosch J, Czedik-Eysenberg A, Hastreiter M, Khan M, Güldener U, Djamei A. Two Is Better Than One: Studying Ustilago bromivora- Brachypodium Compatibility by Using a Hybrid Pathogen. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1623-1634. [PMID: 31657673 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-19-0148-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi can have devastating effects on agriculture and health. One potential challenge in dealing with pathogens is the possibility of a host jump (i.e., when a pathogen infects a new host species). This can lead to the emergence of new diseases or complicate the management of existing threats. We studied host specificity by using a hybrid fungus formed by mating two closely related fungi: Ustilago bromivora, which normally infects Brachypodium spp., and U. hordei, which normally infects barley. Although U. hordei was unable to infect Brachypodium spp., the hybrid could. These hybrids also displayed the same mating-type bias that had been observed in U. bromivora and provide evidence of a dominant spore-killer-like system on the sex chromosome of U. bromivora. By analyzing the genomic composition of 109 hybrid strains, backcrossed with U. hordei over four generations, we identified three regions associated with infection on Brachypodium spp. and 75 potential virulence candidates. The most strongly associated region was located on chromosome 8, where seven genes encoding predicted secreted proteins were identified. The fact that we identified several regions relevant for pathogenicity on Brachypodium spp. but that none were essential suggests that host specificity, in the case of U. bromivora, is a multifactorial trait which can be achieved through different subsets of virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bosch
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Czedik-Eysenberg
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Hastreiter
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Department of Bioinformatics, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mamoona Khan
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Ulrich Güldener
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Department of Bioinformatics, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
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9
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Omidvar V, Dugyala S, Li F, Rottschaefer SM, Miller ME, Ayliffe M, Moscou MJ, Kianian SF, Figueroa M. Detection of Race-Specific Resistance Against Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in Brachypodium Species. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:1443-1454. [PMID: 29923800 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-18-0084-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oat crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae is the most destructive foliar disease of cultivated oat. Characterization of genetic factors controlling resistance responses to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in nonhost species could provide new resources for developing disease protection strategies in oat. We examined symptom development and fungal colonization levels of a collection of Brachypodium distachyon and B. hybridum accessions infected with three North American P. coronata f. sp. avenae isolates. Our results demonstrated that colonization phenotypes are dependent on both host and pathogen genotypes, indicating a role for race-specific responses in these interactions. These responses were independent of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Expression analysis of several defense-related genes suggested that salicylic acid and ethylene-mediated signaling but not jasmonic acid are components of resistance reaction to P. coronata f. sp. avenae. Our findings provide the basis to conduct a genetic inheritance study to examine whether effector-triggered immunity contributes to nonhost resistance to P. coronata f. sp. avenae in Brachypodium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Omidvar
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; sixth author: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, ACT, Australia; seventh author: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.; eighth author: Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA; and ninth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Sheshanka Dugyala
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; sixth author: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, ACT, Australia; seventh author: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.; eighth author: Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA; and ninth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Feng Li
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; sixth author: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, ACT, Australia; seventh author: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.; eighth author: Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA; and ninth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Susan M Rottschaefer
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; sixth author: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, ACT, Australia; seventh author: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.; eighth author: Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA; and ninth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Marisa E Miller
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; sixth author: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, ACT, Australia; seventh author: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.; eighth author: Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA; and ninth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Mick Ayliffe
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; sixth author: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, ACT, Australia; seventh author: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.; eighth author: Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA; and ninth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Matthew J Moscou
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; sixth author: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, ACT, Australia; seventh author: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.; eighth author: Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA; and ninth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Shahryar F Kianian
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; sixth author: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, ACT, Australia; seventh author: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.; eighth author: Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA; and ninth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | - Melania Figueroa
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and ninth authors: Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; sixth author: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, ACT, Australia; seventh author: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.; eighth author: Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA; and ninth author: Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
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10
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Klymiuk V, Yaniv E, Huang L, Raats D, Fatiukha A, Chen S, Feng L, Frenkel Z, Krugman T, Lidzbarsky G, Chang W, Jääskeläinen MJ, Schudoma C, Paulin L, Laine P, Bariana H, Sela H, Saleem K, Sørensen CK, Hovmøller MS, Distelfeld A, Chalhoub B, Dubcovsky J, Korol AB, Schulman AH, Fahima T. Cloning of the wheat Yr15 resistance gene sheds light on the plant tandem kinase-pseudokinase family. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3735. [PMID: 30282993 PMCID: PMC6170490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating fungal disease threatening much of global wheat production. Race-specific resistance (R)-genes are used to control rust diseases, but the rapid emergence of virulent Pst races has prompted the search for a more durable resistance. Here, we report the cloning of Yr15, a broad-spectrum R-gene derived from wild emmer wheat, which encodes a putative kinase-pseudokinase protein, designated as wheat tandem kinase 1, comprising a unique R-gene structure in wheat. The existence of a similar gene architecture in 92 putative proteins across the plant kingdom, including the barley RPG1 and a candidate for Ug8, suggests that they are members of a distinct family of plant proteins, termed here tandem kinase-pseudokinases (TKPs). The presence of kinase-pseudokinase structure in both plant TKPs and the animal Janus kinases sheds light on the molecular evolution of immune responses across these two kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Klymiuk
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elitsur Yaniv
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lin Huang
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Dina Raats
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Andrii Fatiukha
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shisheng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lihua Feng
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zeev Frenkel
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Krugman
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gabriel Lidzbarsky
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Wei Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko J Jääskeläinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Schudoma
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Laine
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harbans Bariana
- The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Hanan Sela
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- The Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6139001, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kamran Saleem
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Assaf Distelfeld
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6139001, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boulos Chalhoub
- Institute of System and Synthetic Biology-Organization and Evolution of Complex Genomes, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5708, 91057, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Abraham B Korol
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alan H Schulman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
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11
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Bettgenhaeuser J, Gardiner M, Spanner R, Green P, Hernández-Pinzón I, Hubbard A, Ayliffe M, Moscou MJ. The genetic architecture of colonization resistance in Brachypodium distachyon to non-adapted stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) isolates. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007637. [PMID: 30265666 PMCID: PMC6161849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilayered defense responses ensure that plants are hosts to only a few adapted pathogens in the environment. The host range of a plant pathogen depends on its ability to fully overcome plant defense barriers, with failure at any single step sufficient to prevent life cycle completion of the pathogen. Puccinia striiformis, the causal agent of stripe rust (=yellow rust), is an agronomically important obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen of wheat and barley. It is generally unable to complete its life cycle on the non-adapted wild grass species Brachypodium distachyon, but natural variation exists for the degree of hyphal colonization by Puccinia striiformis. Using three B. distachyon mapping populations, we identified genetic loci conferring colonization resistance to wheat-adapted and barley-adapted isolates of P. striiformis. We observed a genetic architecture composed of two major effect QTLs (Yrr1 and Yrr3) restricting the colonization of P. striiformis. Isolate specificity was observed for Yrr1, whereas Yrr3 was effective against all tested P. striiformis isolates. Plant immune receptors of the nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) encoding gene family are present at the Yrr3 locus, whereas genes of this family were not identified at the Yrr1 locus. While it has been proposed that resistance to adapted and non-adapted pathogens are inherently different, the observation of (1) a simple genetic architecture of colonization resistance, (2) isolate specificity of major and minor effect QTLs, and (3) NB-LRR encoding genes at the Yrr3 locus suggest that factors associated with resistance to adapted pathogens are also critical for non-adapted pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Phon Green
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amelia Hubbard
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ayliffe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Moscou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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12
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Giesbers AKJ, Boer ED, Braspenning DNJ, Bouten TPH, Specken JW, van Kaauwen MPW, Visser RGF, Niks RE, Jeuken MJW. Bidirectional backcrosses between wild and cultivated lettuce identify loci involved in nonhost resistance to downy mildew. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:1761-1776. [PMID: 29802449 PMCID: PMC6061147 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The nonhost resistance of wild lettuce to lettuce downy mildew seems explained by four components of a putative set of epistatic genes. The commonplace observation that plants are immune to most potential pathogens is known as nonhost resistance (NHR). The genetic basis of NHR is poorly understood. Inheritance studies of NHR require crosses of nonhost species with a host, but these crosses are usually unsuccessful. The plant-pathosystem of lettuce and downy mildew, Bremia lactucae, provides a rare opportunity to study the inheritance of NHR, because the nonhost wild lettuce species Lactuca saligna is sufficiently cross-compatible with the cultivated host Lactuca sativa. Our previous studies on NHR in one L. saligna accession led to the hypothesis that multi-locus epistatic interactions might explain NHR. Here, we studied NHR at the species level in nine accessions. Besides the commonly used approach of studying a target trait from a wild donor species in a cultivar genetic background, we also explored the opposite, complementary approach of cultivar introgression in a wild species background. This bidirectional approach encompassed (1) nonhost into host introgression: identification of L. saligna derived chromosome regions that were overrepresented in highly resistant BC1 plants (F1 × L. sativa), (2) host into nonhost introgression: identification of L. sativa derived chromosome regions that were overrepresented in BC1 inbred lines (F1 × L. saligna) with relatively high infection levels. We demonstrated that NHR is based on resistance factors from L. saligna and the genetic dose for NHR differs between accessions. NHR seemed explained by combinations of epistatic genes on three or four chromosome segments, of which one chromosome segment was validated by the host into nonhost approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K J Giesbers
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Michelmore Lab, The Genome Center, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Erik den Boer
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Rijk Zwaan, 2678 ZG, De Lier, The Netherlands
| | - David N J Braspenning
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Limgroup, Veld Oostenrijk 13, 5961 NV, Horst, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs P H Bouten
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Limgroup, Veld Oostenrijk 13, 5961 NV, Horst, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Specken
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- PAGV, Wageningen University & Research, Edelhertweg 1, 8219 PH, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P W van Kaauwen
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rients E Niks
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J W Jeuken
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Nazareno ES, Li F, Smith M, Park RF, Kianian SF, Figueroa M. Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae: a threat to global oat production. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1047-1060. [PMID: 28846186 PMCID: PMC6638059 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) causes crown rust disease in cultivated and wild oat (Avena spp.). The significant yield losses inflicted by this pathogen make crown rust the most devastating disease in the oat industry. Pca is a basidiomycete fungus with an obligate biotrophic lifestyle, and is classified as a typical macrocyclic and heteroecious fungus. The asexual phase in the life cycle of Pca occurs in oat, whereas the sexual phase takes place primarily in Rhamnus species as the alternative host. Epidemics of crown rust happens in areas with warm temperatures (20-25 °C) and high humidity. Infection by the pathogen leads to plant lodging and shrivelled grain of poor quality. Disease symptoms: Infection of susceptible oat varieties gives rise to orange-yellow round to oblong uredinia (pustules) containing newly formed urediniospores. Pustules vary in size and can be larger than 5 mm in length. Infection occurs primarily on the surfaces of leaves, although occasional symptoms develop in the oat leaf sheaths and/or floral structures, such as awns. Symptoms in resistant oat varieties vary from flecks to small pustules, typically accompanied by chlorotic halos and/or necrosis. The pycnial and aecial stages are mostly present in the leaves of Rhamnus species, but occasionally symptoms can also be observed in petioles, young stems and floral structures. Aecial structures display a characteristic hypertrophy and can differ in size, occasionally reaching more than 5 mm in diameter. Taxonomy: Pca belongs to the kingdom Fungi, phylum Basidiomycota, class Pucciniomycetes, order Pucciniales and family Pucciniaceae. Host range: Puccinia coronata sensu lato can infect 290 species of grass hosts. Pca is prevalent in all oat-growing regions and, compared with other cereal rusts, displays a broad telial host range. The most common grass hosts of Pca include cultivated hexaploid oat (Avena sativa) and wild relatives, such as bluejoint grass, perennial ryegrass and fescue. Alternative hosts include several species of Rhamnus, with R. cathartica (common buckthorn) as the most important alternative host in Europe and North America. CONTROL Most crown rust management strategies involve the use of rust-resistant crop varieties and the application of fungicides. The attainment of the durability of resistance against Pca is difficult as it is a highly variable pathogen with a great propensity to overcome the genetic resistance of varieties. Thus, adult plant resistance is often exploited in oat breeding programmes to develop new crown rust-resistant varieties. Useful website: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/st-paul-mn/cereal-disease-lab/docs/cereal-rusts/race-surveys/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Nazareno
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN 55108USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN 55108USA
| | - Madeleine Smith
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Minnesota‐Northwest Research and Outreach CenterCrookstonMN 56716USA
| | - Robert F. Park
- Plant Breeding InstituteThe University of SydneyNarellanNSW2567Australia
| | - Shahryar F. Kianian
- Cereal Disease Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceSt. PaulMN 55108USA
| | - Melania Figueroa
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN 55108USA
- Stakman‐Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant HealthUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN 55108USA
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14
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Extensive gene content variation in the Brachypodium distachyon pan-genome correlates with population structure. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2184. [PMID: 29259172 PMCID: PMC5736591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While prokaryotic pan-genomes have been shown to contain many more genes than any individual organism, the prevalence and functional significance of differentially present genes in eukaryotes remains poorly understood. Whole-genome de novo assembly and annotation of 54 lines of the grass Brachypodium distachyon yield a pan-genome containing nearly twice the number of genes found in any individual genome. Genes present in all lines are enriched for essential biological functions, while genes present in only some lines are enriched for conditionally beneficial functions (e.g., defense and development), display faster evolutionary rates, lie closer to transposable elements and are less likely to be syntenic with orthologous genes in other grasses. Our data suggest that differentially present genes contribute substantially to phenotypic variation within a eukaryote species, these genes have a major influence in population genetics, and transposable elements play a key role in pan-genome evolution. The role of differential gene content in the evolution and function of eukaryotic genomes remains poorly explored. Here the authors assemble and annotate the Brachypodium distachyon pan-genome consisting of 54 diverse lines and reveal the differential present genes as a major driver of phenotypic variation.
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15
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Bettgenhaeuser J, Corke FMK, Opanowicz M, Green P, Hernández-Pinzón I, Doonan JH, Moscou MJ. Natural Variation in Brachypodium Links Vernalization and Flowering Time Loci as Major Flowering Determinants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:256-268. [PMID: 27650449 PMCID: PMC5210709 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The domestication of plants is underscored by the selection of agriculturally favorable developmental traits, including flowering time, which resulted in the creation of varieties with altered growth habits. Research into the pathways underlying these growth habits in cereals has highlighted the role of three main flowering regulators: VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1), VRN2, and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Previous reverse genetic studies suggested that the roles of VRN1 and FT are conserved in Brachypodium distachyon yet identified considerable ambiguity surrounding the role of VRN2 To investigate the natural diversity governing flowering time pathways in a nondomesticated grass, the reference B. distachyon accession Bd21 was crossed with the vernalization-dependent accession ABR6. Resequencing of ABR6 allowed the creation of a single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic map at the F4 stage of the mapping population. Flowering time was evaluated in F4:5 families in five environmental conditions, and three major loci were found to govern flowering time. Interestingly, two of these loci colocalize with the B. distachyon homologs of the major flowering pathway genes VRN2 and FT, whereas no linkage was observed at VRN1 Characterization of these candidates identified sequence and expression variation between the two parental genotypes, which may explain the contrasting growth habits. However, the identification of additional quantitative trait loci suggests that greater complexity underlies flowering time in this nondomesticated system. Studying the interaction of these regulators in B. distachyon provides insights into the evolutionary context of flowering time regulation in the Poaceae as well as elucidates the way humans have utilized the natural variation present in grasses to create modern temperate cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bettgenhaeuser
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.B., P.G., I.H.-P., M.J.M.)
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., J.H.D.)
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., M.O., J.H.D.); and
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom (M.J.M.)
| | - Fiona M K Corke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.B., P.G., I.H.-P., M.J.M.)
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., J.H.D.)
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., M.O., J.H.D.); and
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom (M.J.M.)
| | - Magdalena Opanowicz
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.B., P.G., I.H.-P., M.J.M.)
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., J.H.D.)
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., M.O., J.H.D.); and
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom (M.J.M.)
| | - Phon Green
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.B., P.G., I.H.-P., M.J.M.)
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., J.H.D.)
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., M.O., J.H.D.); and
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom (M.J.M.)
| | - Inmaculada Hernández-Pinzón
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.B., P.G., I.H.-P., M.J.M.)
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., J.H.D.)
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., M.O., J.H.D.); and
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom (M.J.M.)
| | - John H Doonan
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.B., P.G., I.H.-P., M.J.M.);
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., J.H.D.);
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., M.O., J.H.D.); and
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom (M.J.M.)
| | - Matthew J Moscou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.B., P.G., I.H.-P., M.J.M.);
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., J.H.D.);
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (F.M.K.C., M.O., J.H.D.); and
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom (M.J.M.)
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16
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Zhao J, Yang Y, Yang D, Cheng Y, Jiao M, Zhan G, Zhang H, Wang J, Zhou K, Huang L, Kang Z. Characterization and Genetic Analysis of Rice Mutant crr1 Exhibiting Compromised Non-host Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1822. [PMID: 27965705 PMCID: PMC5127839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat in China. Rapid change to virulence following release of resistant cultivars necessitates ongoing discovery and exploitation of new resistance resources. Considerable effort has been directed at non-host resistance (NHR) which is believed to be durable. In the present study we identified rice mutant crr1 (compromised resistance to rust 1) that exhibited compromised NHR to Pst. Compared with wild type rice variety Nipponbare, crr1 mutant displayed a threefold increase in penetration rate by Pst, and enhanced hyphal growth. The pathogen also developed haustoria in crr1 mesophyll cells, but failed to sporulate. The response to the adapted rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae was unchanged in crr1 relative to the wild type. Several defense-related genes involved in the SA- and JA-mediated defense pathways response and in phytoalexin synthesis (such as OsPR1a, OsLOX1, and OsCPS4) were more rapidly and strongly induced in infected crr1 leaves than in the wild type, suggesting that other layers of defense are still in effect. Genetic analysis and mapping located the mutant loci at a region between markers ID14 and RM25792, which cover about 290 kb genome sequence on chromosome 10. Further fine mapping and cloning of the locus should provide further insights into NHR to rust fungi in rice, and may reveal new strategies for improving rust resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Donghe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Yulin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Min Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Gangming Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Shaanxi Rice Research Institute, Hanzhong Agricultural Science InstituteHanzhong, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Shaanxi Rice Research Institute, Hanzhong Agricultural Science InstituteHanzhong, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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